CN114403069A - Method for breeding crayfishes in non-ditch rice field - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for culturing crayfish in a non-ditch rice field, belonging to the technical field of crayfish culture and comprising the following steps: putting young shrimps in the crayfish breeding system in 3 to 4 months each year and breeding; harvesting mature shrimps from the middle ten days of 5 months to the bottom of 6 months; soil preparation, seedling transplanting and field drying are carried out from late 6 months to early 7 months; harvesting late rice in 10-11 months; the harvested rice field is left unused until young shrimps are put in next time; wherein, crayfish farming systems is including the trenchless paddy field after reforming transform, reforms transform the paddy field and includes: soil below a plough layer of an idle rice field to be transformed is taken to widen and heighten the ridge, and then the soil of the plough layer is backfilled, leveled and reclaimed; in the course of modifying idle rice field, no trench is dug. The method has small field infrastructure engineering quantity, and can be used for culturing the crayfishes and planting the rice in one season on the premise of not occupying the rice planting area of the basic farmland, thereby increasing the culture income of the rice field.

Description

Method for breeding crayfishes in non-ditch rice field

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of crayfish breeding, in particular to a method for breeding crayfish in a non-ditch rice field.

Background

Conventional paddy field breeding crayfish is the aquaculture technique that has been aroused in the last 10 years, generally all need dig fish ditch, fish pool in the paddy field, widens the pond ridge that increases the paddy field, has great destruction to the planting layer in basic farmland, has also reduced the rice planting area in paddy field simultaneously, has brought the threat to basic farmland area assurance safety.

In view of this, the invention is particularly proposed.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for breeding crayfishes in a rice field, which aims to overcome the technical problems.

The application can be realized as follows:

the application provides a method for breeding crayfishes in a rice field, which comprises the following steps: putting young shrimps in the crayfish breeding system in 3 to 4 months each year and breeding; harvesting mature shrimps from the middle ten days of 5 months to the bottom of 6 months; soil preparation, seedling transplanting and field drying are carried out from late 6 months to early 7 months; harvesting late rice in 10-11 months; the harvested rice field is left unused until young shrimps are put in next time;

the crayfish breeding system comprises a modified non-furrow rice field, the cross section of a ridge of the modified non-furrow rice field is in a trapezoid shape with a narrow top and a wide bottom, the height of the ridge is 0.8-1.2m, the bottom width is 1.2-1.4m, the surface width is 0.6-1m, and the slope ratio is 1: 0.2-0.3;

the rice field transformation comprises the following steps: soil below a plough layer of an idle rice field to be transformed is taken to widen and heighten the ridge, and then the soil of the plough layer is backfilled, leveled and reclaimed; in the course of modifying idle rice field, no trench is dug.

In an alternative embodiment, plastic mesh cloth with the mesh number of 40-50 is paved on the surface of the ridge.

In an alternative embodiment, the bottom of the non-trenched rice field is provided with water inlets and outlets diagonally arranged.

In an optional embodiment, a wild-preventing mesh bag is additionally arranged at the water inlet; preferably, the mesh number of the wild-preventing mesh bag is 60 meshes.

In an alternative embodiment, the water outlet cover is provided with a filter screen; preferably, the mesh number of the filter screen is 20-40 meshes.

In an optional embodiment, a closed escape-proof piece is arranged around the ridge; preferably, the lower end of the closed escape-proof piece is buried underground for 0.1-0.2m, and the upper end is 0.25-0.35m higher than the ground; the edge of the closed escape-proof piece is arc-shaped.

In an alternative embodiment, the soil used for widening and raising the ridge is soil in a depth of 0.15-0.2m below the plough horizon.

In an alternative embodiment, water plants are grown in the modified non-trenched paddy field.

In an alternative embodiment, the aquatic weed is elodea nutans.

In an alternative embodiment, the post-modified non-trenched paddy field is sterilized prior to planting the aquatic weeds.

In an alternative embodiment, the young shrimp is released at the size of 5000-.

In an alternative embodiment, the shrimp larvae are 3-5cm in length.

In an alternative embodiment, the distance between the released young shrimps is not more than 2h, and the temperature of the released young shrimps is 15-20 ℃.

In an optional embodiment, when putting the young shrimps, firstly soaking the young shrimps in the water in the rice field to be put for 1-1.5min, lifting and standing for 1.5-2.5min, then soaking for 1-1.5min, lifting and standing for 1.5-2.5min, and then putting the young shrimps in a shallow water area or a dense water grass place.

In an alternative embodiment, the method further comprises feeding the young shrimp during the growth phase of the young shrimp.

In an alternative embodiment, the feed comprises a vegetable feed and a crawfish specific compound feed, the vegetable feed comprising at least one of soybean, corn, wheat, bran, rice bran, cake, and okara.

In an alternative embodiment, before 3 months, when the water temperature reaches 12 ℃, the daily feeding amount of the feed is 1-1.2% of the total weight of the shrimps in the paddy field; when the water temperature is lower than 12 ℃, the daily feeding amount of the feed is lower than 1 percent of the total weight of the shrimps in the rice field; after 3 ten days in the middle of the month, the daily feeding amount of the feed is 2-6% of the total weight of the shrimps in the rice field.

In an alternative embodiment, the surface water level in the paddy field is 0.3-0.35m before the aquatic weeds are planted; after the water plants are planted, the water level of the surface of the paddy field is 0.5-0.55 m;

after young shrimps are put in, if the temperature is lower than 28 ℃, the water level of the surface of the paddy field is 0.6-0.65 m; if the temperature is higher than 30 ℃, the water level of the surface of the paddy field is 0.8-0.85 m.

In an alternative embodiment, the transparency of the water in the paddy field is 25-35cm throughout the shrimp farming process.

In an alternative embodiment, after the young shrimp are thrown, the area of the water plants is 1/3-1/2 of the area of the paddy field.

In an alternative embodiment, the number of the rice planting holes is not less than 1.1 ten thousand holes per mu.

In an alternative embodiment, the sunning includes a first sunning and a second sunning;

wherein, the first field drying is started 40-45 days after the rice transplanting, the rehydration treatment is carried out after the first field drying, the second field drying is carried out 5 days after the rehydration treatment, and the time duration of the first field drying and the second field drying is 3-5 days.

In an alternative embodiment, the water level of the surface of the paddy field is 4.5-5.5cm from the time of field preparation to the time of transplanting.

The beneficial effect of this application includes:

the method that this application provided need not dig fish ditch, fish cover in the paddy field, and field infrastructure engineering volume is little, has avoided conventional breed in-process to dig fish ditch, fish cover in the paddy field, leads to having great destruction to the planting layer in basic farmland, has also reduced the rice planting area in paddy field simultaneously, has brought the threat to basic farmland area assurance safety. According to the method, the crayfishes are bred and the rice is planted in the first season by utilizing the idle field period on the premise that the crayfishes do not occupy the basic farmland rice planting area, the rice field breeding income is increased, the soil moisture content of the rice field is improved, the basic farmland rice planting area is guaranteed to be comprehensively planted by the crayfishes, the land fertility and the rice quality of the rice field are improved, the specification and the quality of the crayfishes are improved, and the field engineering transformation and the production cost of crayfish breeding are reduced.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a soil layer structure for ridge construction soil borrowing construction of a crayfish breeding system provided by the application;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a field of a non-trenched paddy field of the crayfish farming system provided by the present application;

FIG. 3 is a layout view of the water intake and discharge ports of a trenchless paddy field in the crayfish farming system according to the present invention;

fig. 4 is a structural diagram of an escape-proof facility in the crayfish breeding system provided by the present application.

Icon: 1-a plough layer; 2, taking a soil layer; 3-a subterranean formation; 4-ridge; 5-a water inlet; 6-water outlet; 7-escape-proof facilities.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.

Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, if the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings or the orientations or positional relationships that the products of the present invention are usually placed in when used, the terms are only used for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements indicated must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the appearances of the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like, if any, are only used to distinguish one description from another, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

Furthermore, the terms "horizontal", "vertical" and the like do not require that the components be absolutely horizontal or overhanging, but may be slightly inclined. For example, "horizontal" merely means that the direction is more horizontal than "vertical" and does not mean that the structure must be perfectly horizontal, but may be slightly inclined.

In the description of the present invention, it should be further noted that unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be interpreted broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.

The crawfish breeding system and the method for breeding crawfish in rice field provided by the present application are specifically described below.

The application provides a method for breeding crayfishes in a rice field, which comprises the following steps: putting juvenile shrimps in a crayfish breeding system (a transformed idle rice field, the structure of which is shown in the figures 1 and 2) in 3 to 4 months every year and breeding; harvesting mature shrimps from the middle ten days of 5 months to the bottom of 6 months; soil preparation, seedling transplanting and field drying are carried out from late 6 months to early 7 months; harvesting late rice in 10-11 months; the harvested rice field is left unused until young shrimps are put in next time.

Referring to fig. 1 to 4, the transformation of the idle paddy field includes: soil below a cultivated layer 1 of an idle rice field to be transformed (corresponding to a soil layer 2, an underground layer 3 below the soil layer 2) is taken to widen and heighten a ridge 4, and then the soil of the cultivated layer 1 is backfilled, leveled and reclaimed; in the course of modifying idle rice field, no trench is dug.

This application does not dig a ditch and cover at the in-process of transforming idle paddy field, carries out ridge 4 through the direct earth under the idle paddy field arable layer 1 that treats transformation and widens and increase, greatly reduced field infrastructure engineering volume, can realize not crowding under the prerequisite that occupies basic farmland rice planting area, develop breed a season crayfish and plant a season rice, be favorable to increasing the paddy field and breed the income.

In an alternative embodiment, the soil of the plough layer 1 (about 0.3m thick) is planed, and the ridge 4 is widened and heightened by the soil of the soil taking layer 2 in the depth of 0.15-0.2m below the plough layer 1. The cross section of the raised ridge 4 is in a trapezoid shape with a narrow top and a wide bottom, the height of the ridge 4 can be 0.8-1.2m (preferably 1m), the bottom width can be 1.2-1.4m (preferably 1.3m), the surface width can be 0.6-1m (preferably 0.8m), and the slope ratio can be 1:0.2-0.3 (preferably 1: 0.25).

It should be noted that the ridge 4 required by rice planting only needs about 10cm, the height required by shrimp culture is about 60cm, and the ridge 4 is heightened, widened and reinforced, so that the function of preventing shrimps from escaping can be achieved on one hand, and the function of water retention can be achieved on the other hand.

In the widening and heightening process, the ridge is compacted layer by layer to ensure that the dike is solid and does not leak, and then the excavated soil of the plough layer 1 is backfilled, leveled and reclaimed, namely the soil of the plough layer 1 is not obviously reduced.

Subsequently, slope protection processing is performed on the ridge 4. For reference, the revetment may be performed using 40-50 mesh (preferably 40 mesh) plastic mesh cloth.

The water inlet 5 and the water outlet 6 are respectively arranged at the bottom of the idle rice field after reclamation so as to realize water inlet and drainage separation. Preferably, the water inlet 5 and the water outlet 6 are arranged diagonally to form a convection current, so that the circulation area is maximized and the convection current is most thorough. The water outlet 6 is built at the lowest part of the rice field, and the water level is controlled by adopting a pipe drawing and inserting mode. The water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe can adopt PVC pipes with the diameters of 200 and 300 mm.

The water inlet 5 is provided with a wild prevention net for preventing other animals from entering, and the mesh number of the wild prevention net can be 60-70 meshes. The water outlet 6 is provided with a filter screen to prevent shrimps in the rice field from escaping, and the mesh number of the filter screen can be 20-40 meshes.

Furthermore, closed escape-proof facilities 7 are arranged around the whole ridge 4 (the inner wall of the ridge 4). The escape-proof facility 7 may be buried about 0.15m (0.1-0.2m) underground and about 0.3m (0.25-0.35m) above the ground, and its edges (e.g., four corners) may be curved. The escape-proof facility 7 can be made of plastic film, net sheet or iron sheet.

After the rice field is transformed, water plants are planted in the transformed non-trenched rice field.

For reference, the aquatic weeds planted may be elodea nutans. It should be noted that if other aquatic weeds are used, the plants are not easy to germinate in the water with lower temperature. The waterweeds are held one by one, and the distance between every two acupoints can be controlled at 8X 8m and are uniformly distributed. The optimal time for planting the grass is 2 in the middle of the month, and urea or compound fertilizer can be added according to the growth condition of the waterweeds to provide nutrition required by the growth of the waterweeds. 50-100g of urea or compound fertilizer is added to every Holly of the waterweed.

In some preferred embodiments, the modified rice field may be sterilized before the aquatic weeds are planted. Specifically, water can be added for 0.15-0.2m before planting grass, and calcium lime or bleaching powder can be used for disinfection according to the situation in the field. The addition amount of the substances is about 150 kilograms per mu of paddy field with the depth of water per meter.

Putting young shrimps in 3 to 4 last ten days of the month, and setting the 4 to 6 last ten days of the month as a mature shrimp culture period.

The temperature of the water for feeding the young shrimps is preferably below 20 ℃, preferably controlled at 15-20 ℃, and feet are fed once.

The release specification is preferably controlled at 5000-.

The specific operation of putting the young shrimps can be referred to as follows: firstly, soaking young shrimps in water in a rice field to be thrown for about 1 minute (such as 1-1.5 minutes), lifting and standing for about 2 minutes (such as 1.5-2.5 minutes), soaking for 1 minute (such as 1-1.5 minutes), standing for 2 minutes (such as 1.5-2.5 minutes), repeating for 2 times, so that the shrimps body surface and gill cavity absorb enough water, then uniformly and lightly placing in a shallow water area or a place with more aquatic weeds, allowing the shrimps to automatically enter the water, and meanwhile, timely feeding according to the eating recovery condition of the young shrimps to prevent grass clamping, and feeding on the same day under the condition of better activity.

The young shrimp seedlings and sources refer to: the length of each young shrimp is preferably 3-5 cm. Preferably, the young crayfishes in local or peripheral areas are selected, the transportation time is shortened as much as possible, and the transportation distance is preferably not more than 2h, so that the dehydration phenomenon of the young crayfishes in the transportation process is avoided.

The put seedlings have regular specification, consistent body color, consistent producing area, strong constitution and no focus. The young shrimps are put in a suitable place to breed and preferably put in a fertilizer water field. The seedlings are generally transported in a moisture-preserving way, the seedlings are put in the suitable weather, and anti-stress medicaments (to reduce the stress reaction of the shrimps) and oxygen increasing agents (to improve the oxygen content in the shrimp pond) can be sprinkled on the whole shrimp pond 1 to 2 hours before the seedlings are put in the shrimp pond. The anti-stress agent and the oxygen-increasing agent may be those commercially available.

In reference, the feed comprises plant feed and compound feed special for crayfish, and the plant feed comprises at least one of soybean, corn, wheat, bran, rice bran, cake and bean dregs. The special compound feed for crayfish can be related feed sold in the market.

The feeding amount can be carried out according to the following modes: before 3 ten days in the middle of the month, when the water temperature is lower than 12 ℃, the daily feeding amount of the feed is lower than 1 percent of the total weight of the shrimps in the rice field; when the water temperature reaches 12 ℃, the feeding amount is properly increased, and the daily feeding amount of the feed is 1-1.2% (such as 1%, 1.1% or 1.2% and the like) of the total weight of the shrimps in the rice field; after 3 months, the daily feeding amount of the feed is 2-6% (such as 2%, 3%, 4%, 5% or 6%) of the total weight of the shrimps in the rice field.

It should be noted that the specific feeding amount is preferably adjusted according to weather and shrimp ingestion conditions, and the residual amount of the feed in the observation platform is set so as to adjust the feeding amount of the feed. The feed is preferably uniformly applied to the field and grass-free areas.

The application also comprises cultivation management in the cultivation process, and specifically relates to water level control, water quality regulation, waterweed management, field patrol, disease prevention and control, fishing and the like.

Wherein, water level control includes: the water plants are planted by watering the paddy field (the specific time can be about 2 ten days in the middle of the month) so that the water level of the paddy field surface is 0.3-0.35m (preferably 0.3m), thereby planting the plants. After the aquatic weeds are planted, the surface water level in the rice field is controlled to be 0.5-0.55m (preferably 0.5 m).

After feeding young shrimps, if the temperature is lower than 28 ℃, the water level of the surface of the paddy field is kept at 0.6-0.65m (preferably 0.6 m); if the temperature is higher than 30 deg.C, the water level of the paddy field surface is increased to 0.8-0.85m (preferably 0.8 m).

The water quality regulation comprises the following steps: according to the principle of 'breeding by using fertilizer water and breeding shrimps by using clear water', the breeding water body is always kept 'fertile, alive, tender and cool'. The transparency of the water body in the rice field is controlled to be 25-35cm (the fertility of the water is reflected by the transparency) during the whole culture period by measures of fertilizer supplement, bacterium supplement, calcium supplement, microecological preparation and the like. At other times, water quality is adjusted by adopting methods of fertilizer supplementation, water addition and the like at proper time according to water color, weather and activity conditions of shrimps, so that the transparency of the water body is always controlled to be 0.3-0.4 m. The amount of fertilizer, bacterial, calcium and microecological agent used can be adjusted according to the transparency of the water body.

The aquatic weed management comprises the following steps: during the cultivation period, the area of the water plants is kept 1/3-1/2 of the total area of the rice field, the water plants are cut off in time when the water plants are too much, the water plants are supplemented in time when the water plants are not enough, and the water plants are cut in stubble in high-temperature seasons to prevent the high-temperature rotten plants. The growth condition of the aquatic weeds is often checked, and the fertilizer is applied in time when the activity of the aquatic weeds is not good.

Patrolling the field comprises: insisting on patrolling the field in the morning and at night every day, observing the water quality of the aquaculture water, the feeding condition of the shrimps, the molting growth, the activity condition, the existence of diseases and the like, and adjusting the feeding amount in time; in seasons with high water plant insect damage, checking whether water plants are abnormal every day, finding problems, and treating in time; and (5) regularly checking and maintaining the escape-proof facility 7, and establishing a ledger record file by a specially-assigned person.

The disease prevention and control comprises the following steps: the principle of taking prevention as the main and emphasizing prevention over treatment is adhered to. In the event of disease, the drugs used for treatment were as specified in NY 5071.

The main fishing is to fish adult shrimps from late 4 to late 6.

The fishing tool can adopt a ground cage, and the mesh size of the shrimp fishing ground cage is preferably 3.5-4.2 cm.

After the shrimps are harvested, rice seed planting is started, which relates to rice seed selection, field arrangement, seedling planting, field sunning, fertilization, water level control, pest control and harvesting.

Wherein, the rice seeds are selected from the following tight ear type late rice varieties with short growth period, small opening angle of leaves, strong fertilizer resistance, moderate plant type, lodging resistance, strong disease resistance and higher yield.

The field finishing comprises the following steps: and (4) beginning to soil the field in the late 6 th month, specifically according to the shrimp fishing and the rice growth period. Standard reference for field preparation: soft upper part and loose lower part, moderate mud rot; the water is irrigated to the plants and drained at the drainage position.

The seedling planting is mainly finished before 7 months and 10 days, and specifically, the seedling planting can adopt manual planting or machine planting, and the rice is densely planted in rows at the side so that the number of planting holes is not less than 1.1 ten thousand holes/mu.

The field sunning adopts a twice field sunning technology, namely, the field sunning comprises a first field sunning and a second field sunning. Wherein, after the first time of drying the field, the rice is sealed, the field is dried slightly until the surface of the field is not sunk for about 3 to 5 days, and the time is about 40 to 45 days after the rice is transplanted. Rehydrating after the first sun-drying, for example, rehydrating to 3-5cm deep, and sun-drying for the second time after 5 days, or lightly sun-drying for 3-5 days.

The two times of field sunning are light sunning or short sunning, so that the middle of the field is not sunk, and the surface soil on the edge of the field is not cracked and whitened.

The rice is sunned to promote the ear emergence and pollination of the rice, wherein the first sunning mainly plays a role in promoting the leaf separation and ear emergence of the rice, and the second sunning mainly plays a role in promoting the pollination of the rice.

When in fertilization, sufficient base fertilizer is applied firstly, and reasonable additional fertilization is carried out later according to the growth vigor of the rice. The base fertilizer and the top dressing fertilizer can adopt the prior related fertilizer, and the purpose is mainly to promote the growth of the rice.

The water level control includes: and during the period from field preparation to rice transplanting, keeping the water level of the field surface in the rice field to be 4.5-5.5cm (preferably 5cm), controlling field drying and irrigation according to the growth requirements of the rice, and irrigating according to the growth requirements of the rice.

For pest control, for example, high-efficiency, low-toxicity and low-residue pesticides can be selected, and preferably, a solar trap lamp is used for killing pests so as to reduce the usage amount of pesticides.

Harvesting is mainly carried out after the rice is ripe in 11-12 months, stubble is left for about 30-40cm, the rice straw scattered on the field surface is returned to the field, and the rice straw can be respectively collected into a plurality of small grass piles.

It should be noted that other culture conditions or processes not disclosed in the present application can refer to the prior art, and are not described herein in too much detail.

Bearing on, the method that this application provided need not dig fish ditch, fish and water keeper in the paddy field, and field infrastructure engineering volume is little, and the conventionality is that to dig fish ditch, fish and water keeper in the paddy field, widens the bank that increases the paddy field, has great destruction to the planting layer in basic farmland, has also reduced the rice planting area in paddy field simultaneously, has brought the threat to basic farmland area assurance safety. According to the method, on the premise that the planting area of the rice in the basic farmland is not occupied, the crayfish is bred and the rice is planted in the idle field period, so that the breeding income of the rice field is increased, the soil moisture of the rice field is improved, the basic farmland rice planting area for comprehensively planting the rice and the crayfish is guaranteed, the land fertility and the rice quality of the rice field are improved, the specification and the quality of the crayfish are improved, and the field engineering transformation and the production cost for crayfish breeding are reduced.

Specifically, taking the crayfish of which the average yield per mu is 6 money 125-150 kg as an example, the income of the crayfish per mu of rice field can be increased by 3500-4000 yuan compared with the existing breeding mode.

The method has the characteristics of simple and convenient operation, investment saving, short investment recovery period, large crayfish breeding specification, high uniformity, good crayfish and rice quality, stable yield and quality index, strong practicability and wide popularization and application area range (particularly suitable for the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river, such as Hubei).

The features and properties of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to examples.

Example 1

The embodiment provides a method for breeding crayfishes in a rice field, which comprises the following steps:

putting young shrimps in the reconstructed idle rice field in 3 to 4 months of each year and culturing; harvesting mature shrimps from the middle ten days of 5 months to the bottom of 6 months; soil preparation, seedling transplanting and field drying are carried out from late 6 months to early 7 months; harvesting late rice in 10-11 months; the harvested rice field is left unused until young shrimps are put in next time.

Specifically, the method comprises field engineering, ecological breeding of crayfish in rice field and rice planting.

(1) The field engineering is as follows:

1.1 heightening and reinforcing ridge 4

Digging 1.30m of soil of a plough layer, taking 0.15-0.2m of soil below the plough layer 1, widening and heightening a ridge 4 with the height of 1.0m, the bottom width of 1.3m, the surface width of 0.8m and the slope ratio of 1: 0.25. The layers are compacted to make the ridge firm and leak-proof, and the planed soil of the plough layer 1 is backfilled, leveled and reclaimed. The field ridge 4 is protected by 40-mesh plastic mesh.

1.2 Water intake and drainage System

The water inlet and the water outlet are separated, and the water inlet 5 and the water outlet 6 are arranged in a diagonal manner. The water outlet 6 is built at the lowest part of the rice field, and the water level is controlled by adopting a pipe drawing and inserting mode. The water inlet 5 is provided with a wild-prevention mesh bag with 60 meshes, the water outlet pipe is provided with a filter screen with 40 meshes for preventing escape.

1.3 escape-proof facilities 7

The periphery of the ridge 4 is enclosed to form a closed escape-proof facility 7, the escape-proof facility 7 is buried about 0.15m underground and 0.3m higher than the ground, the four corners are bent to form an arc, and the material is a plastic film.

1.4 Rice Disinfection

After the rice field is transformed, 0.15m of water is added before the grass is planted, and quicklime is used for disinfection according to the conditions in the field.

1.5 aquatic weed planting

And (4) planting the elodea nutans on the field surface. The Yileya is held preferably, the distance between every two holes is 8 multiplied by 8m, the Yileya is evenly distributed, the optimal time for planting grass is 2 ten days in the middle of the month, and urea is added according to the growth condition of the grass.

(2) Ecological breeding of crayfish in rice field is as follows:

2.1 seedlings and sources

Local crayfish larvae are selected, and the transport distance does not exceed 2 hours.

2.2 stocking the seeds

Putting the young shrimps in 3 to 4 ten days, wherein the water temperature for putting the young shrimps is 15-20 ℃, and the young shrimps are put enough at one time. The put seedlings have regular specification, consistent body color and production place, strong constitution and no focus. 5000-6000 shrimp larvae with the specification of 3-5cm are thrown in each mu. And (5) breeding the young shrimps in a fertilizer-water field.

2.3 seedling transportation and delivery

And (3) carrying out moisture-keeping transportation on the seedlings, selecting proper weather to put the seedlings in, and sprinkling anti-stress medicines and oxygenating agents to the whole shrimp pond 2 hours before putting the seedlings in.

The specific operation when throwing seedlings is as follows: the method comprises the steps of soaking shrimps in water of a rice field for about 1 minute, lifting and placing for about 2 minutes, soaking for 1 minute again, placing for 2 minutes again, repeating for 2 times in this way, enabling the shrimps to absorb sufficient water on the surface and gill cavity, then uniformly and lightly placing the shrimps in a shallow water area or a place with more aquatic weeds, enabling the shrimps to automatically enter the water, meanwhile timely feeding the shrimps according to the eating recovery condition of the crayfish, preventing grass clamping, and feeding the shrimps on the same day under the condition of good activity.

2.4 feed feeding

2.4.1 feed types

In the middle ten days of 4 months to the last ten days of 6 months, adult shrimps are cultured, and the plant feed and the special compound feed for crayfish are fed according to the prior art.

2.4.2 feeding method

A small amount of feed can be fed when the water temperature is lower than 12 ℃; when the water temperature reaches 12 ℃, the feeding amount is increased, and the daily feeding amount is 1 percent of the total weight of the shrimps in the rice field; 3, after ten days in the middle of the month, the bait is intensively thrown, and the daily bait throwing amount is 4 percent of the total weight of the shrimps in the rice field; the specific feeding amount is adjusted according to weather and the ingestion condition of shrimps, and the residual amount of the feed in the observation platform is set so as to adjust the feeding amount of the feed. The feed is preferably uniformly applied to the field and grass-free areas.

2.5 cultivation management

2.5.1 Water level control

2, watering in the middle ten days of the month, controlling the water level to be 0.3m above the field surface, and facilitating grass planting; the water level after grass planting is controlled at 0.5 m. After seedling placement, keeping the water level of the field surface at a temperature below 28 ℃ for 0.6m, and when the temperature exceeds 30 ℃, deepening the water level to 0.8 m.

2.5.2 Water quality control

According to the principle of 'breeding by using fertilizer water and breeding shrimps by using clear water', the breeding water body is always kept 'fertile, alive, tender and cool'. The transparency of the water body is controlled to be 25-35cm during the whole culture period by measures of fertilizer supplement, bacterium supplement, calcium supplement, microecological preparation and the like. At other times, water quality is adjusted by adopting methods of fertilizer supplementation, water addition and the like at proper time according to water color, weather and activity conditions of shrimps, so that the transparency of the water body is always controlled to be 0.3-0.4 m.

2.5.3 aquatic weed management

The area of the aquatic weeds is kept 1/3-1/2 of the total area during the cultivation period, the aquatic weeds are cut off in time when the aquatic weeds are too much, the aquatic weeds are supplemented in time when the aquatic weeds are not enough, and the aquatic weeds are cut in high-temperature seasons to prevent high-temperature rotting of the aquatic weeds. The growth condition of the aquatic weeds is often checked, and the fertilizer is applied in time when the activity of the aquatic weeds is not good.

2.5.4 round the field

Insisting on patrolling the field in the morning and at night every day, observing the water quality of the aquaculture water, the feeding condition of the shrimps, the molting growth, the activity condition, the existence of diseases and the like, and adjusting the feeding amount in time; in seasons with high water plant insect damage, checking whether water plants are abnormal every day, finding problems, and treating in time; and (5) regularly checking and maintaining the escape-proof facility 7, and establishing a ledger record file by a specially-assigned person.

2.6 disease control

The principle of taking prevention as the main and emphasizing prevention over treatment is adhered to. When diseases occur, the medicines used for treatment should be regulated in NY 5071.

2.7 fishing

Fishing time: fishing adult shrimps from 4 to 6 ten days in the first month;

the fishing tool mainly comprises a ground cage: the mesh size of the adult shrimp catching ground cage is 4 cm.

(3) The rice was planted as follows:

3.1 Rice seed selection

Selecting a spike-tightening late rice variety with short growth period, small leaf opening angle, strong fertilizer resistance, moderate plant type, lodging resistance, strong disease resistance and higher yield.

3.2 finishing of the field surface

And (4) beginning to soil the field in the late 6 th month, specifically based on the shrimp fishing and the rice growth period. The standard of field preparation: soft upper part and loose lower part, moderate mud rot; the water is irrigated to the plants and drained at the drainage position.

3.3 seedling planting

The rice can be planted 10 days before 7 months, can be planted manually or mechanically, and ensures that the number of rice planting holes is not less than 1.1 ten thousand holes/mu through side-row close planting.

3.4 drying the fields

Adopting twice field drying technology, wherein the first field drying time is that after the rice is sealed, the rice is planted for 40 days, and the field is lightly dried until the surface of the field does not sink into feet (about 5 days); rehydrating to 4cm deep after the first field drying, and performing the second field drying after 5 days, and slightly drying (about 5 days). The total requirement of sunning the field is light sunning or short sunning, so that the middle of the field is not sunk, and the surface soil on the edge of the field is not cracked and whitened.

3.5 fertilization

When in fertilization, enough base fertilizer is applied, and reasonable additional fertilization is carried out according to the growth vigor of the rice in the later period.

3.6 Water level control

And (3) keeping the water level of the field surface about 5cm from field preparation to rice transplanting, and controlling field drying and water irrigation according to the growth requirements of rice. Irrigating according to the growth requirement of the rice.

3.7 Pest control

The pest control should use high-efficiency, low-toxicity and low-residue pesticide. The solar trap lamp is preferably adopted to kill pests so as to reduce the usage amount of the pesticide.

3.8 reaping

Harvesting after the rice is ripe for 11-12 months, leaving 30-40cm of stubble, returning the scattered rice straws to the field, and respectively concentrating the rice straws into a plurality of small grass piles.

Example 2

The embodiment provides a method for breeding crayfishes in a rice field, which comprises the following steps:

putting young shrimps in the reconstructed idle rice field in 3 to 4 months of each year and culturing; harvesting mature shrimps from the middle ten days of 5 months to the bottom of 6 months; soil preparation, seedling transplanting and field drying are carried out from late 6 months to early 7 months; harvesting late rice in 10-11 months; the harvested rice field is left unused until young shrimps are put in next time.

Specifically, the method comprises field engineering, ecological breeding of crayfish in rice field and rice planting.

(1) The field engineering is as follows:

1.1 heightening and reinforcing ridge 4

Digging 1.30m of soil of a plough layer, taking 0.15-0.2m of soil below the plough layer 1, widening and heightening a ridge 4 with the height of 0.8m, the bottom width of 1.2m, the surface width of 0.6m and the slope ratio of 1: 0.2. The layers are compacted to make the ridge firm and leak-proof, and the planed soil of the plough layer 1 is backfilled, leveled and reclaimed. The ridge 4 is protected by 50 meshes of plastic mesh cloth.

1.2 Water intake and drainage System

The water inlet and the water outlet are separated, and the water inlet 5 and the water outlet 6 are arranged in a diagonal manner. The water outlet 6 is built at the lowest part of the rice field, and the water level is controlled by adopting a pipe drawing and inserting mode. The water inlet 5 is provided with a wild-prevention mesh bag with 70 meshes, the water outlet pipe is provided with a filter screen cover with 20 meshes for preventing escape.

1.3 escape-proof facilities 7

The periphery of the ridge 4 is enclosed into a closed escape-proof facility 7, the escape-proof facility 7 is buried about 0.15m underground and 0.3m higher than the ground, the turning parts of the four corners are arc-shaped, and the material is a net sheet.

1.4 Rice Disinfection

After the rice field is transformed, 0.15m of water is added before the grass is planted, and bleaching powder is used for disinfection according to the conditions in the field.

1.5 aquatic weed planting

And (4) planting the elodea nutans on the field surface. The Yile algae is held preferably, the distance between every two holes is 8 multiplied by 8m, the Yile algae are evenly distributed, the optimal time for planting the grass is 2 ten days in the middle of the month, and the compound fertilizer is added according to the growth condition of the grass.

(2) Ecological breeding of crayfish in rice field is as follows:

2.1 seedlings and sources

Selecting young crayfish in the peripheral area, wherein the transport distance is not more than 2 hours.

2.2 stocking the seeds

Putting the young shrimps in 3 to 4 ten days, wherein the water temperature for putting the young shrimps is 15-20 ℃, and the young shrimps are put enough at one time. The put seedlings have regular specification, consistent body color and production place, strong constitution and no focus. 5000-6000 shrimp larvae with the specification of 3-5cm are thrown in each mu. And (5) breeding the young shrimps in a fertilizer-water field.

2.3 seedling transportation and delivery

And (4) carrying out moisture-keeping transportation on the seedlings, selecting proper weather to put the seedlings in, and splashing anti-stress medicaments and oxygen increasing agents on the whole shrimp pond 1 hour before putting the seedlings in.

The specific operation when throwing seedlings is as follows: the method comprises the steps of soaking shrimps in water of a rice field for about 1.5 minutes, lifting and placing for about 2.5 minutes, soaking for about 1.5 minutes, placing for 2.5 minutes, repeating for 2 times, enabling the surface and gill cavity of the shrimps to absorb sufficient water, then uniformly and lightly placing the shrimps in a shallow water area or a place with more aquatic weeds, enabling the shrimps to automatically enter the water, meanwhile, timely feeding the shrimps according to the eating recovery condition of the crayfish, preventing grass clamping, and feeding the shrimps on the same day under the condition of good activity.

2.4 feed feeding

2.4.1 feed types

In the middle ten days of 4 months to the last ten days of 6 months, adult shrimps are cultured, and the plant feed and the special compound feed for crayfish are fed according to the prior art.

2.4.2 feeding method

A small amount of feed can be fed when the water temperature is lower than 12 ℃; when the water temperature reaches 12 ℃, the feeding amount is increased, and the daily feeding amount is 1.1 percent of the total weight of the shrimps in the rice field; 3, after ten days in the middle of the month, the bait is intensively thrown, and the daily bait throwing amount is 2 percent of the total weight of the shrimps in the rice field; the specific feeding amount is adjusted according to weather and the ingestion condition of shrimps, and the residual amount of the feed in the observation platform is set so as to adjust the feeding amount of the feed. The feed is preferably uniformly applied to the field and grass-free areas.

2.5 cultivation management

2.5.1 Water level control

2, watering in the middle ten days of the month, controlling the water level to be 0.35m above the field surface, and facilitating grass planting; the water level after grass planting is controlled at 0.55 m. After seedling placing, the water level of the field surface is kept at 0.65m below the air temperature of 28 ℃, and when the air temperature exceeds 30 ℃, the water level is deepened to 0.85 m.

2.5.2 Water quality control

According to the principle of 'breeding by using fertilizer water and breeding shrimps by using clear water', the breeding water body is always kept 'fertile, alive, tender and cool'. The transparency of the water body is controlled to be 25-35cm during the whole culture period by measures of fertilizer supplement, bacterium supplement, calcium supplement, microecological preparation and the like. At other times, water quality is adjusted by adopting methods of fertilizer supplementation, water addition and the like at proper time according to water color, weather and activity conditions of shrimps, so that the transparency of the water body is always controlled to be 0.3-0.4 m.

2.5.3 aquatic weed management

The area of the aquatic weeds is kept 1/3-1/2 of the total area during the cultivation period, the aquatic weeds are cut off in time when the aquatic weeds are too much, the aquatic weeds are supplemented in time when the aquatic weeds are not enough, and the aquatic weeds are cut in high-temperature seasons to prevent high-temperature rotting of the aquatic weeds. The growth condition of the aquatic weeds is often checked, and the fertilizer is applied in time when the activity of the aquatic weeds is not good.

2.5.4 round the field

Insisting on patrolling the field in the morning and at night every day, observing the water quality of the aquaculture water, the feeding condition of the shrimps, the molting growth, the activity condition, the existence of diseases and the like, and adjusting the feeding amount in time; in seasons with high water plant insect damage, checking whether water plants are abnormal every day, finding problems, and treating in time; and (5) regularly checking and maintaining the escape-proof facility 7, and establishing a ledger record file by a specially-assigned person.

2.6 disease control

The principle of taking prevention as the main and emphasizing prevention over treatment is adhered to. When diseases occur, the medicines used for treatment should be regulated in NY 5071.

2.7 fishing

Fishing time: fishing adult shrimps from 4 to 6 ten days in the first month;

the fishing tool mainly comprises a ground cage: the mesh size of the adult shrimp catching ground cage is 4.2 cm.

(3) The rice was planted as follows:

3.1 Rice seed selection

Selecting a spike-tightening late rice variety with short growth period, small leaf opening angle, strong fertilizer resistance, moderate plant type, lodging resistance, strong disease resistance and higher yield.

3.2 finishing of the field surface

And (4) beginning to soil the field in the late 6 th month, specifically based on the shrimp fishing and the rice growth period. The standard of field preparation: soft upper part and loose lower part, moderate mud rot; the water is irrigated to the plants and drained at the drainage position.

3.3 seedling planting

The rice can be planted 10 days before 7 months, can be planted manually or mechanically, and ensures that the number of rice planting holes is not less than 1.1 ten thousand holes/mu through side-row close planting.

3.4 drying the fields

Adopting twice field drying technology, wherein the first field drying time is that after the rice is sealed, the rice is planted for 45 days, and the field is lightly dried until the surface of the field does not sink into feet (about 3 days); rehydrating to 4cm deep after the first field drying, and performing the second field drying after 5 days, and slightly drying (about 3 days). The total requirement of sunning the field is light sunning or short sunning, so that the middle of the field is not sunk, and the surface soil on the edge of the field is not cracked and whitened.

3.5 fertilization

When in fertilization, enough base fertilizer is applied, and reasonable additional fertilization is carried out according to the growth vigor of the rice in the later period.

3.6 Water level control

And (3) keeping the water level of the land surface about 4.5cm during the period from field preparation to rice transplanting, and controlling field drying and water irrigation according to the growth requirements of rice. Irrigating according to the growth requirement of the rice.

3.7 Pest control

The pest control should use high-efficiency, low-toxicity and low-residue pesticide. The solar trap lamp is preferably adopted to kill pests so as to reduce the usage amount of the pesticide.

3.8 reaping

Harvesting after the rice is ripe for 11-12 months, leaving 30-40cm of stubble, returning the scattered rice straws to the field, and respectively concentrating the rice straws into a plurality of small grass piles.

Example 3

The embodiment provides a method for breeding crayfishes in a rice field, which comprises the following steps:

putting young shrimps in the reconstructed idle rice field in 3 to 4 months of each year and culturing; harvesting mature shrimps from the middle ten days of 5 months to the bottom of 6 months; soil preparation, seedling transplanting and field drying are carried out from late 6 months to early 7 months; harvesting late rice in 10-11 months; the harvested rice field is left unused until young shrimps are put in next time.

Specifically, the method comprises field engineering, ecological breeding of crayfish in rice field and rice planting.

(1) The field engineering is as follows:

1.1 heightening and reinforcing ridge 4

Digging 1.30m of soil of a plough layer, taking 0.15-0.2m of soil below the plough layer 1, widening and heightening a ridge 4, wherein the ridge is 1.2m high, 1.4m wide at the bottom and 1m wide at the surface, and the slope ratio is 1: 0.3. The layers are compacted to make the ridge firm and leak-proof, and the planed soil of the plough layer 1 is backfilled, leveled and reclaimed. The field ridge 4 is protected by 40-mesh plastic mesh.

1.2 Water intake and drainage System

The water inlet and the water outlet are separated, and the water inlet 5 and the water outlet 6 are arranged in a diagonal manner. The water outlet 6 is built at the lowest part of the rice field, and the water level is controlled by adopting a pipe drawing and inserting mode. The water inlet 5 is provided with a wild-prevention mesh bag with 60 meshes, the water outlet pipe is provided with a filter screen with 30 meshes for preventing escape.

1.3 escape-proof facilities 7

The periphery of the ridge 4 is enclosed into a closed escape-proof facility 7, the escape-proof facility 7 is buried about 0.15m underground and 0.3m higher than the ground, the four corners are bent into arc shapes, and the materials are iron sheets.

1.4 Rice Disinfection

After the rice field is transformed, 0.2m of water is added before the grass is planted, and quicklime is used for disinfection according to the conditions in the field.

1.5 aquatic weed planting

And (4) planting the elodea nutans on the field surface. The Yileya is held preferably, the distance between every two holes is 8 multiplied by 8m, the Yileya is evenly distributed, the optimal time for planting grass is 2 ten days in the middle of the month, and urea is added according to the growth condition of the grass.

(2) Ecological breeding of crayfish in rice field is as follows:

2.1 seedlings and sources

Local crayfish larvae are selected, and the transport distance does not exceed 2 hours.

2.2 stocking the seeds

Putting the young shrimps in 3 to 4 ten days, wherein the water temperature for putting the young shrimps is 15-20 ℃, and the young shrimps are put enough at one time. The put seedlings have regular specification, consistent body color and production place, strong constitution and no focus. 5000-6000 shrimp larvae with the specification of 3-5cm are thrown in each mu. And (5) breeding the young shrimps in a fertilizer-water field.

2.3 seedling transportation and delivery

And (4) carrying out moisture-keeping transportation on the seedlings, selecting proper weather to put the seedlings in, and sprinkling anti-stress medicines and oxygenating agents to the whole shrimp pond 1.5 hours before putting the seedlings in.

The specific operation when throwing seedlings is as follows: the method comprises the steps of soaking shrimps in water of a rice field for about 1 minute, lifting and placing for about 2 minutes, soaking for 1 minute again, placing for 2 minutes again, repeating for 2 times in this way, enabling the shrimps to absorb sufficient water on the surface and gill cavity, then uniformly and lightly placing the shrimps in a shallow water area or a place with more aquatic weeds, enabling the shrimps to automatically enter the water, meanwhile timely feeding the shrimps according to the eating recovery condition of the crayfish, preventing grass clamping, and feeding the shrimps on the same day under the condition of good activity.

2.4 feed feeding

2.4.1 feed types

In the middle ten days of 4 months to the last ten days of 6 months, adult shrimps are cultured, and the plant feed and the special compound feed for crayfish are fed according to the prior art.

2.4.2 feeding method

A small amount of feed can be fed when the water temperature is lower than 12 ℃; when the water temperature reaches 12 ℃, the feeding amount is increased, and the daily feeding amount is 1.2 percent of the total weight of the shrimps in the rice field; 3, after ten days in the middle of the month, the bait is intensively thrown, and the daily bait throwing amount is 6 percent of the total weight of the shrimps in the rice field; the specific feeding amount is adjusted according to weather and the ingestion condition of shrimps, and the residual amount of the feed in the observation platform is set so as to adjust the feeding amount of the feed. The feed is preferably uniformly applied to the field and grass-free areas.

2.5 cultivation management

2.5.1 Water level control

2, watering in the middle ten days of the month, controlling the water level to be 0.3m above the field surface, and facilitating grass planting; the water level after grass planting is controlled at 0.5 m. After seedling placement, keeping the water level of the field surface at a temperature below 28 ℃ for 0.6m, and when the temperature exceeds 30 ℃, deepening the water level to 0.8 m.

2.5.2 Water quality control

According to the principle of 'breeding by using fertilizer water and breeding shrimps by using clear water', the breeding water body is always kept 'fertile, alive, tender and cool'. The transparency of the water body is controlled to be 25-35cm during the whole culture period by measures of fertilizer supplement, bacterium supplement, calcium supplement, microecological preparation and the like. At other times, water quality is adjusted by adopting methods of fertilizer supplementation, water addition and the like at proper time according to water color, weather and activity conditions of shrimps, so that the transparency of the water body is always controlled to be 0.3-0.4 m.

2.5.3 aquatic weed management

The area of the aquatic weeds is kept 1/3-1/2 of the total area during the cultivation period, the aquatic weeds are cut off in time when the aquatic weeds are too much, the aquatic weeds are supplemented in time when the aquatic weeds are not enough, and the aquatic weeds are cut in high-temperature seasons to prevent high-temperature rotting of the aquatic weeds. The growth condition of the aquatic weeds is often checked, and the fertilizer is applied in time when the activity of the aquatic weeds is not good.

2.5.4 round the field

Insisting on patrolling the field in the morning and at night every day, observing the water quality of the aquaculture water, the feeding condition of the shrimps, the molting growth, the activity condition, the existence of diseases and the like, and adjusting the feeding amount in time; in seasons with high water plant insect damage, checking whether water plants are abnormal every day, finding problems, and treating in time; and (5) regularly checking and maintaining the escape-proof facility 7, and establishing a ledger record file by a specially-assigned person.

2.6 disease control

The principle of taking prevention as the main and emphasizing prevention over treatment is adhered to. When diseases occur, the medicines used for treatment should be regulated in NY 5071.

2.7 fishing

Fishing time: fishing adult shrimps from 4 to 6 ten days in the first month;

the fishing tool mainly comprises a ground cage: the mesh size of the adult shrimp catching ground cage is 3.5 cm.

(3) The rice was planted as follows:

3.1 Rice seed selection

Selecting a spike-tightening late rice variety with short growth period, small leaf opening angle, strong fertilizer resistance, moderate plant type, lodging resistance, strong disease resistance and higher yield.

3.2 finishing of the field surface

And (4) beginning to soil the field in the late 6 th month, specifically based on the shrimp fishing and the rice growth period. The standard of field preparation: soft upper part and loose lower part, moderate mud rot; the water is irrigated to the plants and drained at the drainage position.

3.3 seedling planting

The rice can be planted 10 days before 7 months, can be planted manually or mechanically, and ensures that the number of rice planting holes is not less than 1.1 ten thousand holes/mu through side-row close planting.

3.4 drying the fields

Adopting twice field drying technology, wherein the first field drying time is 42 days after rice is sealed and rice seedlings are transplanted, and slightly drying the field until the surface of the field is free from sinking feet (about 4 days); rehydrating to 5cm deep after the first field drying, and performing the second field drying after 5 days, and slightly drying (about 4 days). The total requirement of sunning the field is light sunning or short sunning, so that the middle of the field is not sunk, and the surface soil on the edge of the field is not cracked and whitened.

3.5 fertilization

When in fertilization, enough base fertilizer is applied, and reasonable additional fertilization is carried out according to the growth vigor of the rice in the later period.

3.6 Water level control

And (3) keeping the water level of the land surface about 5.5cm from the land preparation to the rice transplanting, and controlling the land drying and the irrigation according to the growth requirements of the rice. Irrigating according to the growth requirement of the rice.

3.7 Pest control

The pest control should use high-efficiency, low-toxicity and low-residue pesticide. The solar trap lamp is preferably adopted to kill pests so as to reduce the usage amount of the pesticide.

3.8 reaping

Harvesting after the rice is ripe for 11-12 months, leaving 30-40cm of stubble, returning the scattered rice straws to the field, and respectively concentrating the rice straws into a plurality of small grass piles.

Test examples

The following breeding was carried out according to the method provided in example 1, with the following breeding sites and breeding gains:

in 2019: the transverse-turning Zhengtang field village test pond in the county of Qi Chun has 2 mouths, 3.5 mu for 1# area, 6.2 mu for 2# area, 16 days in 3 months, starting catching in 17 days in 4 months, ending in 29 days in 5 months, and catching large and small (sieving by 5 inches). The yield of crayfish in the 1# pond per mu is 218.7 jin, the average unit price is 17.2 yuan, and the profit per mu is 3165.9 yuan; the yield of 2# pond crayfish is 123.8 kg per mu, the average unit price is 14.6 yuan, and the profit per mu is 3109.7 yuan.

In 2020, the area of 36# is 11 mu, shrimp seedlings are put in 5 days in 3 months, and the shrimp seedlings are caught in 1 day in 4 months and are left large and small. The yield of crayfish in the 36# pond is 114.2 kg per mu, the average unit price is 16.4 yuan, and the profit per mu is 3268.33 yuan.

In 2021, the rice field has 33 mouths and the area is 208 mu. The method comprises the steps of throwing seedlings of 11#, 19#, and 20# of the test fields of Qichun county, such as the Slot, the river, the town, the Gaidefield and the Yucun in 6 days of 4 months, beginning to catch in 7 days of 5 months, and adopting a catching method of catching in large and leaving in small. The yield per unit of the crayfish in the 3-mouth paddy field is 126.6 kg, 157.8 kg and 124.6 kg respectively. The economic benefits of the crayfish are 3644.5 yuan for each mu of the 11# pond, 4695.1 yuan for each mu of the 19# pond and 3591.9 yuan for each mu of the 20# pond.

In conclusion, according to the method provided by the application, a fish ditch and a fish keeper do not need to be dug in the rice field, the field infrastructure engineering quantity is small, one-season crayfish cultivation and one-season rice cultivation are carried out in the idle field period on the premise that the basic farmland rice cultivation area is not crowded, the cultivation income of the rice field is increased, the soil moisture content of the rice field is improved, the basic farmland rice cultivation area for comprehensively cultivating the crayfish is ensured, the land fertility and the rice quality of the rice field are improved, the specification and the quality of the crayfish are improved, and the field engineering reconstruction and the production cost for crayfish cultivation are reduced.

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes will occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A method for culturing crayfish in a non-ditch rice field is characterized by comprising the following steps: putting young shrimps in the crayfish breeding system in 3 to 4 months each year and breeding; harvesting mature shrimps from the middle ten days of 5 months to the bottom of 6 months; soil preparation, seedling transplanting and field drying are carried out from late 6 months to early 7 months; harvesting late rice in 10-11 months; the harvested rice field is left unused until young shrimps are put in next time;

the crayfish breeding system comprises a modified non-furrow rice field, the cross section of a ridge of the modified non-furrow rice field is in a trapezoid shape with a narrow top and a wide bottom, the height of the ridge is 0.8-1.2m, the bottom width is 1.2-1.4m, the face width is 0.6-1m, and the slope ratio is 1: 0.2-0.3;

the rice field transformation comprises the following steps: soil below a plough layer of an idle rice field to be transformed is taken to widen and heighten the ridge, and then the soil of the plough layer is backfilled, leveled and reclaimed; in the course of modifying idle rice field, no trench is dug.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that plastic mesh cloth with 40-50 meshes is laid on the surface of the ridge;

preferably, the bottom of the non-trenching paddy field is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet which are arranged diagonally;

preferably, the water inlet is additionally provided with a wild-preventing mesh bag; preferably, the mesh number of the wild-preventing mesh bag is 60 meshes;

preferably, the water outlet cover is provided with a filter screen; preferably, the mesh number of the filter screen is 20-40 meshes;

preferably, closed escape-proof pieces are further arranged around the ridge; preferably, the lower end of the closed escape-proof piece is buried underground for 0.1-0.2m, and the upper end of the closed escape-proof piece is 0.25-0.35m higher than the ground; the edge of the closed escape-proof piece is arc-shaped.

3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the soil used for widening and raising the ridge is soil at a depth of 0.15-0.2m below the plough layer.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the modified non-trenched paddy field is planted with water plants;

preferably, the waterweed is waterweed;

preferably, the modified non-trenched rice field is sterilized before planting the aquatic weeds.

5. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the young shrimps are released according to the specification of 5000-;

preferably, the juvenile shrimps are 3-5cm long;

preferably, the transport distance of the thrown juvenile shrimps is not more than 2h, and the water temperature of the thrown juvenile shrimps is 15-20 ℃;

preferably, when putting the young shrimps, firstly soaking the young shrimps in the water in the rice field to be put for 1-1.5min, lifting and standing for 1.5-2.5min, then soaking for 1-1.5min, lifting and standing for 1.5-2.5min, and then putting the young shrimps in a shallow water area or a dense water grass place.

6. The method of claim 5, further comprising feeding the shrimp larvae during the growth phase of the shrimp larvae;

preferably, the feed comprises a plant feed and a compound feed special for crayfish, wherein the plant feed comprises at least one of soybean, corn, wheat, bran, rice bran, cake and bean dregs;

preferably, before 3 months, when the water temperature reaches 12 ℃, the daily feeding amount of the feed is 1-1.2% of the total weight of the shrimps in the paddy field; when the water temperature is lower than 12 ℃, the daily feeding amount of the feed is lower than 1 percent of the total weight of the shrimps in the rice field; and 3, after ten days in the middle of the month, the daily feeding amount of the feed is 2-6% of the total weight of the shrimps in the rice field.

7. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the surface water level in the paddy field is 0.3 to 0.35m before the planting of the aquatic weeds; after the water plants are planted, the water level of the surface of the paddy field is 0.5-0.55 m;

after young shrimps are put in, if the temperature is lower than 28 ℃, the water level of the surface of the paddy field is 0.6-0.65 m; if the air temperature is higher than 30 ℃, the water level of the surface of the paddy field is 0.8-0.85 m;

preferably, the transparency of the water body in the rice field is 25-35cm in the whole shrimp culture process;

preferably, after the young shrimps are thrown, the area of the water plants is 1/3-1/2 of the area of the rice field.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the number of rice transplanting holes is not less than 1.1 ten thousand holes/mu.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the sunning comprises a first sunning and a second sunning;

wherein, the first field drying is started 40-45 days after the rice transplanting, the rehydration treatment is carried out after the first field drying, the second field drying is carried out 5 days after the rehydration treatment, and the time duration of the first field drying and the second field drying is 3-5 days.

10. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water level of the surface of the paddy field is 4.5 to 5.5cm from the time of field preparation to the time of transplanting.

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