CN110870445A - Novel mixed culture method for one-season rice multi-batch juvenile shrimps and two-season adult shrimps - Google Patents
Novel mixed culture method for one-season rice multi-batch juvenile shrimps and two-season adult shrimps Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
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Abstract
A novel mixed culture method of multiple batches of young shrimps in rice and two-season adult shrimps relates to the technical field of aquaculture, and the specific culture steps comprise rice field condition and transformation, rice field preparation, putting in of breeding shrimps, planting and breeding management, seedling management, autumn and winter management and adult shrimp breeding period management. A novel mixed culture method for multiple batches of young shrimps in one season and two-season grown shrimps in one season is characterized in that multiple batches of young shrimps and two-season grown shrimps can be harvested in the same rice field under the condition that rice planting is not influenced in the same rice field, and the method is more than a traditional rice shrimp mode and is capable of harvesting multiple batches of young shrimps and finished shrimps, so that the quality of the finished shrimps is guaranteed, and meanwhile, the economic benefit is effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to a novel method for mixed culture of multiple batches of young shrimps in one season and two adult shrimps.
Background
With the development of agriculture modernization by the nation, scientific planting and breeding are realized, and the life of people is enriched. Crayfish is a food material liked by people in daily life, and in order to meet the market demand, a mode of breeding crayfish in a rice field is adopted to be initially popularized, so that a lot of problems occur in the practical process, and especially, the crayfish bred in the conventional technology can cause illness or large-area death. At present, the rice shrimp pond only allows the natural propagation of the fries, culturists depend on the seed shrimps remained in the rice field to naturally propagate to be used as the fries for cultivating the adult shrimps, and the adult shrimps are harvested in one season in one year. The utilization rate of the rice and shrimp pond is low, the seedlings are insufficient, and the yield is low; the seedling quality is poor, and the growth speed is slow; the seedling emergence time is late, the growth period is long, the individual specification is small, and the economic benefit of paddy field cultivation is low. On the contrary, the crayfish in the market is in short supply, the price is high, the good-quality healthy large-size finished crayfish is few and few, and if the unit yield and the specification of the crayfish finished product are improved, the time to market is controlled, so that the crayfish always comes into the market all the year round. In order to solve the problems, scientific research units and scientific personnel in the breeding industry continuously research and explore to develop the technology which can breed the young shrimps and harvest the grown shrimps in the rice field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects, provides a novel method for mixed culture of multiple batches of young shrimps in one season and two adult shrimps in two seasons, fully utilizes rice field resources, organically combines rice planting and crayfish culture by adopting a scientific method, and achieves synchronous yield increase of crayfish and rice by artificially lowering water level and then raising water level, thereby effectively improving the utilization rate of the rice field and increasing the economic value per mu. The method is characterized in that in the same paddy field, under the condition of not influencing the paddy planting, the paddy field can harvest a plurality of batches of young shrimps and can harvest two-season grown shrimps, and compared with the traditional 'paddy shrimp' mode, the method can harvest a plurality of batches of young shrimps and finished shrimps, thereby not only ensuring the quality of the finished shrimps, but also effectively improving the economic benefit.
The invention relates to a technical scheme of a novel mixed culture method of one-season rice multi-batch juvenile shrimps and two-season adult shrimps, which comprises the following steps:
the following steps: rice field transformation: the shrimp pond is rectangular, the area is 20-30 mu, surrounding ditches are dug around the pond, the width is 4m, the depth is 1.2m, the gradient of the pond ridge is 3:1, a dam ridge with the height of 40cm-50cm is added around the middle beach surface, a protective net is built on the surface of the pond ridge, and an independent water inlet and outlet system is built.
The following steps: independent water supply and drainage system: the water inlet channel is higher than the ground level, the water discharge channel is lower than the ground level, the water inlet is a PVC or PE pipe, each water inlet pipe is filtered by a mesh bag made of 80-mesh bolting silk (the length is more than 8 meters), and the water discharge port is additionally provided with a protective screen (20 meshes).
The following steps: preparing a rice field: draining off water in a pond in the last ten days of 6 months, sunning the paddy rice before planting, turning over the pond surface for 30 centimeters, exposing for over 10 days for disinfection, cleaning the pond with bleaching powder around the ditch, filtering water by using a filter screen of 80-mesh bolting silk when adding water, and fertilizing and planting plants in the paddy field after the water is added.
The following steps: fertilizing in a rice field: in autumn and winter rice fields, decomposed human and animal manure is used as base fertilizer and biological breeding bait according to the proportion that the rice field is 280 plus one-year rice field and 320kg per mu and the annular ditch is 180 plus one-year rice field, harvested straws are completely returned to the field, and fertilizer water in autumn and winter is completely fertilized with biological organic fertilizer, and 5 kilograms of fertilizer water per mu is needed.
The following steps: planting plants: the aquatic weeds are required to occupy 30-40% of the water surface area, the aquatic weeds are prepared from three aquatic weeds of eel grass, hydrilla verticillata and elodea algae in proportion, 10% of cane shoots are properly planted to shade the water surface, the transparency of the shrimp ditch water is kept at 28-32cm, and the dissolved oxygen is 5-10 mg/L.
The following steps: feeding seed shrimps: when paddy rice is planted and water is supplied, seed shrimps are thrown according to the total area of the paddy rice shrimp pond, 30 jin of seed shrimps are thrown per mu, and the standard of parent shrimps is thrown: tail weight 35-50 g; the color is dark red or black red, and the wine is glossy; the appendages are complete, active and healthy; the sex ratio of the female shrimp to the male shrimp is 1:1, the fine feed is added to promote the gonad development, if the shrimps are cultured in the next year, about 30 jin of the shrimps are directly left after the shrimps are caught, the water level is reduced in batches, the shrimps are induced to make holes, and the parent shrimps lay eggs, hatch and grow seedlings.
The following steps: planting and breeding management: in the crayfish breeding process, daily work such as water quality, water level, fertilization, feeding, disease and pest control and the like is carried out; multiple seedling formation stages: and manually lowering the water level at the beginning of the July month to make the parent shrimps punch holes in batches, and manually raising the water level five times in the eighth month to make the brooding parent shrimps come out in batches.
The following steps: seedling management: culturing plankton in rich water, feeding fermented feed, regulating water and improving bottom.
The following steps: management in autumn and winter: watering after harvesting the rice, planting Yile grass when the rice is planted for 10 centimeters, wherein the row spacing is 4 meters and the plant spacing is 6 meters, and slowly raising the water level after 3 days; after 15 days, the water level is stabilized at 50 centimeters, grass is protected, water is enriched, enough natural bait is provided for shrimp seeds, 32% of complete feed is matched, 50% of the feed is directly fed before feeding, and the other 50% of the feed is soaked in EM bacteria for 10 hours.
The following steps: managing the adult shrimp culture period, namely regularly patrolling the pond, performing daily management, paying attention to the water level, feeding and regularly increasing oxygen;
first-season adult shrimps: harvesting crayfish of the first season before the bottom of 6 months by self-seedling culture;
second season adult shrimps: after the rice is harvested, feeding water into the pond, feeding the rice in the whole pond, and harvesting crayfishes in the second season before winter;
in the second year, the seedlings are hatched in the circular ditches in advance before the year, and the seedlings are caught by a ground cage in the whole pond in the beginning of the second year.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with the traditional rice field shrimp culture mode, the novel mixed culture method for the multiple batches of young crayfishes in one season increases the multiple batches of artificial breeding parts of the crayfishes, is reasonable in design and management, ensures the yield of rice field rice, also ensures the seedling quality and quantity of crayfish culture, advances the marketing time of finished crayfishes, and greatly meets the market demand.
A novel mixed culture method for multiple batches of young shrimps in one season and two-season adult shrimps in one season can start from different periods and links in production, solves various problems in pond excavation, and fully utilizes the land. The method is used for planting, breeding and cultivating rice in the same rice field, so that multiple batches of young shrimps and one-season grown shrimps can be harvested in the rice field to form multiple products, the production capacity of the rice field is fully exerted, and the economic benefit of the rice field is greatly improved.
Through certain field transformation in rice, a plurality of batches of juvenile shrimps are harvested in a rice field every year, the shrimps grow in two seasons, and rice planting and crayfish culture continuous cropping are carried out, so that the method is a green agricultural production mode; the implementation of the technology not only greatly improves the yield and economic benefit of unit area, but also provides a large amount of crayfish fries and large-size adult crayfishes for society, and effectively promotes the development of crayfish breeding industry.
Drawings
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples:
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of a novel method for mixed culture of multiple batches of young shrimps in one season and two adult shrimps in two seasons.
Detailed Description
The invention relates to a novel mixed culture method of one-season rice multi-batch juvenile shrimps and two-season adult shrimps, which comprises the following specific steps:
in the step 1, the rice and shrimp pond is preferably rectangular, and the area of the pond is 20-30 mu. The depth of the rice field is 2.5-3 m, and the gradient of the pool ridge is 2.5-3: 1. The periphery of the rice planting area of the rice and shrimp pond is provided with 40cm small dams, and when the dam is used for planting rice, the operation in the circular ditch is not influenced. The four-meter wide circular ditch is arranged around the rice and shrimp pond, the depth of the circular ditch is more than 1.2 meters, the surface width of the pond ridge is more than or equal to 2 meters, and an escape-preventing net is built around the pond ridge surface by the rice field.
An independent water inlet and drainage system is built, and the water inlet channel is higher than the ground level, so that water can smoothly enter. The drainage channel is arranged on the lower ground level and is required to drain water in the circular ditch; the water inlet is a PVC or PE pipe, and each water inlet pipe is filtered by a mesh bag made of 80-mesh bolting silk (the length is more than 8 meters). A protective net (20 meshes only) is additionally arranged at the water outlet.
And 2, drying the field before planting the paddy rice in the pond in the last ten days of 6 months, turning over the pond surface for 30 centimeters, solarizing for more than 10 days for disinfection, and filtering the inlet water by using a filter screen of 80-mesh bolting silk when adding water so as to prevent the entry of enemies.
Fertilizing in a rice field: in the rice fields in autumn and winter, decomposed human and animal manure is used as base fertilizer and bait for breeding organisms according to the proportion that the rice fields are 280 plus one-year rice field and 320kg per mu and the annular ditch is 180 plus one-year rice field and 220kg per mu, and the harvested straws are completely returned to the field; the fertilizer water in autumn and winter is completely fertilized by the biological organic fertilizer, and 5 kilograms of the fertilizer water per mu are needed.
Planting plants: the aquatic weeds are required to occupy 30% to 40% of the water surface area, and the aquatic weeds are prepared from three aquatic weeds of eel grass, hydrilla verticillata and elodea nutans. Properly planting 10% of cane shoots to shade the water surface, keeping the transparency of the water in the shrimp ditch at 28-32cm, and keeping the dissolved oxygen at 5-10 mg/L.
In step 3, when the rice is planted and watered, the breeding shrimps are thrown according to the total area of the rice shrimp pond, 25 jin of breeding shrimps are thrown per mu, and the standard of parent shrimps is thrown: tail weight 35-50 g; the color is dark red or black red, and the wine is glossy; the appendages are complete, active and healthy; the ratio of sexuality to sexuality is 1:1, and natural mating is carried out. And (4) adding concentrated feed to promote gonad development.
In the step 4, carrying out daily work such as water quality, water level, fertilization, feeding, disease and pest control and the like in the crayfish breeding process; the water level management is the core of the technology. Because the annular ditch is 4 meters wide and 1.2 meters deep, when the rice is planted in the middle ten days of 7 months, the water on the pond surface needs to be drained, when the water is drained to the annular ditch, the water drops by 10 centimeters every day for about 10 days, the water in the annular ditch is drained, the parent shrimps are dug along with the drop of the water level, and meanwhile, the hole is dug manually and also assisted according to the water level. The time of parent shrimps in the hole is kept about 30 days. When the rice needs to be grouted at the bottom of 8 months, only water is added into the rice planting area, and the seedling raising operation in the circular ditch is not affected. Water is slowly injected into the annular ditch in advance, and the water rises by 20 centimeters every 3 days. The significance lies in that the oviparous parent shrimps are forced out in batches, so that about five batches of seedlings with regular specifications can be obtained. And (3) surrounding the water surface with bamboo poles to form a water surface with the width of 2-3 m along the periphery of the annular groove, and throwing more water hyacinth to form a floating plant area.
At the same time, the first batch of seedlings (hatched at 8 months) was given sufficient growth time to market before winter. The conventional self-breeding seedlings of rice shrimps are harvested before the bottom of rice field 11 months, and then the seed shrimps are taken out from the holes, so that the seedlings just come out and need to enter winter, the seedlings grow slowly at low temperature, the shrimps cannot be sold before the year, the shrimps can be sold after the spring festival, and the best high-price period before and after the spring festival is missed.
And 5, digging holes, mating and laying eggs in the rice field by the thrown parent shrimps, adhering fertilized eggs to the abdomen of the female shrimps, incubating for about 20-30 days, continuously adhering the larvae to the abdomen of the female shrimps after the larvae emerge from membranes, unshelling and metamorphosis for 2 times to form the juvenile shrimps, leaving the larvae from the parents to finish the process of incubation of the eggs, and finishing the whole propagation process. When the young shrimps are seen in the circular ditch, feeding the shrimps, sprinkling soybean milk for three days, fertilizing water, and performing microecological water quality regulation and control.
(1) And (5) managing and harvesting rice. Because the small dams are arranged around the rice planting area, the normal operations of weeding, fertilizing, killing insects, grouting and the like on rice do not affect the seedling culture in the circular ditch. However, care should be taken to use pure biopesticides to prevent pesticide leakage into the litopenaeus vannamei larvae. After the rice is harvested, the surface of the pool is watered, and the water is kept at 20 centimeters for planting the grass.
(2) The bottom of the rice field is planted with the waterweeds, the row spacing is 4 meters, the plant spacing is 8 meters, each plant is about 1 jin, and then the water is gradually supplied. Managing in autumn and winter.
(3) Water quality management: the straws are rotten after being watered, and rust water is easily formed, so biological bottom modification and beneficial bacteria water regulation are needed for regularly detoxifying. In the winter period, the water level is regulated and controlled to be kept at the water level of more than 60 centimeters, and the water fertilizing and feeding work is well done in winter. During freezing, care was taken to break the ice surface to prevent oxygen starvation.
In the step 6, through management in autumn and winter, the pond is rich in aquatic plants, the specifications of the shrimp fries are different from 5 centimeters to 1 centimeter per tail, at the moment, when complete feed bait is fed, the feed is fermented and soaked by EM (effective microorganisms) before feeding every time, and the feeding amount is 3% -5% of the total weight of the stored shrimps. And catching and selling at the beginning of 3 months. Fishing once every 3-5 days, fishing 10-12 million shrimp seedlings in each mu of rice field, and leaving about 3-5 million shrimp seedlings in the pond as breeding seedlings to enter a mature shrimp breeding stage. More than 3 kilograms of seedlings can be sold in each mu of land, and the weight of each kilogram is 80-120. The benefit is considerable.
And 7, managing the growing period:
(1) the water level is 30 cm in spring, and gradually deepens to 60 cm before the rice is planted,
(2) regularly walking the pond every day, observing the growth condition of the shrimp larvae and making data records,
(3) the growth of the waterweeds is noticed, and particularly the occurrence of the moss is well controlled by a method of shading the fertilizer water. After 3 months, the water temperature continuously rises, and the adult shrimp culture stage is started, wherein the feeding is reinforced in the stage, and the grass feeding and the grass protection are paid attention. Feeding for 1 time in the evening every day, wherein the feeding amount is 3% -55% of the total shrimp storage amount, and adding water and increasing oxygen regularly.
Catching adult shrimps:
and (3) throwing seedlings (with the specification of 80-120 tails/jin) before 3 months for the newly excavated pond, catching shrimps in ground cages in the rice field from the beginning of 4 months, and catching the shrimps in large and small mode once a day (the catching is stopped in rainy days) until the paddy rice is planted in the late 6 months. Generally, 200-250 jin of shrimps can be harvested in each mu of rice field, and the price of the shrimps is better in this stage. In the old pond, the water temperature rises at the beginning of 3 months by using the technology of the patent, so that the shrimps and the seedlings can be directly harvested, and 150-200 jin of shrimps and 300-400 jin of five batches of seedlings can be harvested in each mu of rice field until the rice is planted in the late 6 months. The total amount is about 450-600 jin, and the seedling price of this stage is also above 20 Yuan/jin.
Compared with the traditional rice field shrimp culture mode, the novel mixed culture method for the multiple batches of young crayfishes in one season increases the multiple batches of artificial breeding parts of the crayfishes, is reasonable in design and management, ensures the yield of rice field rice, also ensures the seedling quality and quantity of crayfish culture, advances the marketing time of finished crayfishes, and greatly meets the market demand.
A novel mixed culture method for multiple batches of young shrimps in one season and two-season adult shrimps in one season can start from different periods and links in production, solves various problems in pond excavation, and fully utilizes the land. The method is used for planting, breeding and cultivating rice in the same rice field, so that multiple batches of young shrimps and one-season grown shrimps can be harvested in the rice field to form multiple products, the production capacity of the rice field is fully exerted, and the economic benefit of the rice field is greatly improved. Through certain field transformation in rice, a plurality of batches of juvenile shrimps are harvested in a rice field every year, the shrimps grow in two seasons, and rice planting and crayfish culture continuous cropping are carried out, so that the method is a green agricultural production mode; the implementation of the technology not only greatly improves the yield and economic benefit of unit area, but also provides a large amount of crayfish fries and large-size adult crayfishes for society, and effectively promotes the development of crayfish breeding industry.
Claims (9)
1. The novel mixed culture method of the one-season rice multi-batch juvenile shrimps and the two-season adult shrimps mainly comprises the following specific steps of: paddy field condition and transformation, paddy field preparation, put in the shrimp culture, breed management, seedling management, autumn and winter management, its characterized in that: the following steps: rice field transformation: the shrimp pond is rectangular, the area is 20-30 mu, surrounding ditches are dug around the pond, the width is 4m, the depth is 1.2m, the gradient of the pond ridge is 3:1, a dam ridge with the height of 40cm-50cm is added around the middle beach surface, a protective net is built on the surface of the pond ridge, and an independent water inlet and outlet system is built.
2. The novel method for mixed culture of one-season rice multi-batch juvenile shrimps and two-season adult shrimps as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the independent water inlet and outlet system comprises: the water inlet channel is higher than the ground level, the water discharge channel is lower than the ground level, the water inlet is a PVC or PE pipe, each water inlet pipe is filtered by a mesh bag made of 80-mesh bolting silk (the length is more than 8 meters), and the water discharge port is additionally provided with a protective screen (20 meshes).
3. The novel method for mixed culture of one-season rice multi-batch juvenile shrimps and two-season adult shrimps as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the following steps: preparing a rice field: draining off water in a pond in the last ten days of 6 months, sunning the paddy rice before planting, turning over the pond surface for 30 centimeters, exposing for over 10 days for disinfection, cleaning the pond with bleaching powder around the ditch, filtering water by using a filter screen of 80-mesh bolting silk when adding water, and fertilizing and planting plants in the paddy field after the water is added.
4. The novel method for mixed culture of one-season rice multi-batch juvenile shrimps and two-season adult shrimps as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the following steps: fertilizing in a rice field: in autumn and winter rice fields, decomposed human and animal manure is used as base fertilizer and biological breeding bait according to the proportion that the rice field is 280 plus one-year rice field and 320kg per mu and the annular ditch is 180 plus one-year rice field, harvested straws are completely returned to the field, and fertilizer water in autumn and winter is completely fertilized with biological organic fertilizer, and 5 kilograms of fertilizer water per mu is needed.
5. The novel method for mixed culture of one-season rice multi-batch juvenile shrimps and two-season adult shrimps as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the following steps: planting plants: the aquatic weeds are required to occupy 30-40% of the water surface area, the aquatic weeds are prepared from three aquatic weeds of eel grass, hydrilla verticillata and elodea algae in proportion, 10% of cane shoots are properly planted to shade the water surface, the transparency of the shrimp ditch water is kept at 28-32cm, and the dissolved oxygen is 5-10 mg/L.
6. The novel method for mixed culture of one-season rice multi-batch juvenile shrimps and two-season adult shrimps as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the following steps: feeding seed shrimps: when paddy rice is planted and water is supplied, seed shrimps are thrown according to the total area of the paddy rice shrimp pond, 30 jin of seed shrimps are thrown per mu, and the standard of parent shrimps is thrown: tail weight 35-50 g; the color is dark red or black red, and the wine is glossy; the appendages are complete, active and healthy; the sex ratio of the female shrimp to the male shrimp is 1:1, the fine feed is added to promote the gonad development, if the shrimps are cultured in the next year, about 30 jin of the shrimps are directly left after the shrimps are caught, the water level is reduced in batches, the shrimps are induced to make holes, and the parent shrimps lay eggs, hatch and grow seedlings.
7. The novel method for mixed culture of one-season rice multi-batch juvenile shrimps and two-season adult shrimps as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the following steps: planting and breeding management: in the crayfish breeding process, daily work such as water quality, water level, fertilization, feeding, disease and pest control and the like is carried out; multiple seedling formation stages: and manually lowering the water level at the beginning of the July month to make the parent shrimps punch holes in batches, and manually raising the water level five times in the eighth month to make the brooding parent shrimps come out in batches.
8. The novel method for mixed culture of one-season rice multi-batch juvenile shrimps and two-season adult shrimps as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the following steps: seedling management: culturing plankton in rich water, feeding fermented feed, regulating water and improving bottom.
9. The novel method for mixed culture of one-season rice multi-batch juvenile shrimps and two-season adult shrimps as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the following steps: management in autumn and winter: watering after harvesting the rice, planting Yile grass when the rice is planted for 10 centimeters, wherein the row spacing is 4 meters and the plant spacing is 6 meters, and slowly raising the water level after 3 days; after 15 days, the water level is stabilized at 50 centimeters, grass is protected, water is enriched, enough natural bait is provided for shrimp seeds, 32% of complete feed is matched, 50% of the feed is directly fed before feeding, and the other 50% of the feed is soaked in EM bacteria for 10 hours.
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| CN111418532A (en) * | 2020-05-06 | 2020-07-17 | 陈晓方 | Method for layered breeding of crayfish fries in rice field |
| US12035698B2 (en) * | 2022-06-16 | 2024-07-16 | Zhejiang University | Integrated rice-crayfish-oriental river prawn planting-breeding method |
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