CN101664011A - Earthen pond breeding method of procambarus clarki - Google Patents
Earthen pond breeding method of procambarus clarki Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101664011A CN101664011A CN200910192389A CN200910192389A CN101664011A CN 101664011 A CN101664011 A CN 101664011A CN 200910192389 A CN200910192389 A CN 200910192389A CN 200910192389 A CN200910192389 A CN 200910192389A CN 101664011 A CN101664011 A CN 101664011A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- pond
- shrimp
- breeding
- water
- procambius clarkii
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 230000001488 breeding Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 241000238028 Procambarus Species 0.000 title abstract 3
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 241000238565 lobster Species 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000001954 sterilising Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,PD94bWwgdmVyc2lvbj0nMS4wJyBlbmNvZGluZz0naXNvLTg4NTktMSc/Pgo8c3ZnIHZlcnNpb249JzEuMScgYmFzZVByb2ZpbGU9J2Z1bGwnCiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgeG1sbnM9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnJwogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgeG1sbnM6cmRraXQ9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cucmRraXQub3JnL3htbCcKICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIHhtbG5zOnhsaW5rPSdodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8xOTk5L3hsaW5rJwogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICB4bWw6c3BhY2U9J3ByZXNlcnZlJwp3aWR0aD0nODVweCcgaGVpZ2h0PSc4NXB4JyB2aWV3Qm94PScwIDAgODUgODUnPgo8IS0tIEVORCBPRiBIRUFERVIgLS0+CjxyZWN0IHN0eWxlPSdvcGFjaXR5OjEuMDtmaWxsOiNGRkZGRkY7c3Ryb2tlOm5vbmUnIHdpZHRoPSc4NS4wJyBoZWlnaHQ9Jzg1LjAnIHg9JzAuMCcgeT0nMC4wJz4gPC9yZWN0Pgo8dGV4dCB4PScxMy4zJyB5PSc1My42JyBjbGFzcz0nYXRvbS0wJyBzdHlsZT0nZm9udC1zaXplOjIzcHg7Zm9udC1zdHlsZTpub3JtYWw7Zm9udC13ZWlnaHQ6bm9ybWFsO2ZpbGwtb3BhY2l0eToxO3N0cm9rZTpub25lO2ZvbnQtZmFtaWx5OnNhbnMtc2VyaWY7dGV4dC1hbmNob3I6c3RhcnQ7ZmlsbDojRTg0MjM1JyA+SDwvdGV4dD4KPHRleHQgeD0nMjguMicgeT0nNjIuOScgY2xhc3M9J2F0b20tMCcgc3R5bGU9J2ZvbnQtc2l6ZToxNXB4O2ZvbnQtc3R5bGU6bm9ybWFsO2ZvbnQtd2VpZ2h0Om5vcm1hbDtmaWxsLW9wYWNpdHk6MTtzdHJva2U6bm9uZTtmb250LWZhbWlseTpzYW5zLXNlcmlmO3RleHQtYW5jaG9yOnN0YXJ0O2ZpbGw6I0U4NDIzNScgPjI8L3RleHQ+Cjx0ZXh0IHg9JzM1LjAnIHk9JzUzLjYnIGNsYXNzPSdhdG9tLTAnIHN0eWxlPSdmb250LXNpemU6MjNweDtmb250LXN0eWxlOm5vcm1hbDtmb250LXdlaWdodDpub3JtYWw7ZmlsbC1vcGFjaXR5OjE7c3Ryb2tlOm5vbmU7Zm9udC1mYW1pbHk6c2Fucy1zZXJpZjt0ZXh0LWFuY2hvcjpzdGFydDtmaWxsOiNFODQyMzUnID5PPC90ZXh0Pgo8L3N2Zz4K O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 103
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001131 transforming Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000249 desinfective Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000007842 Glycine max Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 206010022114 Injury Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000004080 Milk Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000015450 Tilia cordata Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000026109 gonad development Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000004083 survival Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000001360 synchronised Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium monoxide Chemical compound data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 230000035611 feeding Effects 0.000 description 13
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 240000000218 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 6
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 6
- 241000238017 Astacoidea Species 0.000 description 5
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 5
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 5
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 210000003608 Feces Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 240000007607 Hydrilla verticillata Species 0.000 description 4
- 241000598351 Malacothrix coulteri Species 0.000 description 4
- 241001123263 Zostera Species 0.000 description 4
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N water-d2 Chemical compound data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000252233 Cyprinus carpio Species 0.000 description 3
- 206010000060 Abdominal distension Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 240000002216 Alternanthera philoxeroides Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000005781 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000003917 Bambusa tulda Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000036536 Cave Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000252185 Cobitidae Species 0.000 description 2
- 240000003826 Eichhornia crassipes Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001113556 Elodea Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000699666 Mus <mouse, genus> Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000269799 Perca fluviatilis Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000004185 Pistia stratiotes Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000006440 Pistia stratiotes Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 231100000614 Poison Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 241000283080 Proboscidea <mammal> Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000238030 Procambarus clarkii Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000196435 Prunus domestica subsp. insititia Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000282941 Rangifer tarandus Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000270295 Serpentes Species 0.000 description 2
- 244000269722 Thea sinensis Species 0.000 description 2
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000012970 cakes Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241001233037 catfish Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorine atom Chemical compound data:image/svg+xml;base64,PD94bWwgdmVyc2lvbj0nMS4wJyBlbmNvZGluZz0naXNvLTg4NTktMSc/Pgo8c3ZnIHZlcnNpb249JzEuMScgYmFzZVByb2ZpbGU9J2Z1bGwnCiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgeG1sbnM9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnJwogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgeG1sbnM6cmRraXQ9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cucmRraXQub3JnL3htbCcKICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIHhtbG5zOnhsaW5rPSdodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8xOTk5L3hsaW5rJwogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICB4bWw6c3BhY2U9J3ByZXNlcnZlJwp3aWR0aD0nMzAwcHgnIGhlaWdodD0nMzAwcHgnIHZpZXdCb3g9JzAgMCAzMDAgMzAwJz4KPCEtLSBFTkQgT0YgSEVBREVSIC0tPgo8cmVjdCBzdHlsZT0nb3BhY2l0eToxLjA7ZmlsbDojRkZGRkZGO3N0cm9rZTpub25lJyB3aWR0aD0nMzAwLjAnIGhlaWdodD0nMzAwLjAnIHg9JzAuMCcgeT0nMC4wJz4gPC9yZWN0Pgo8dGV4dCB4PScxMTguNycgeT0nMTcwLjAnIGNsYXNzPSdhdG9tLTAnIHN0eWxlPSdmb250LXNpemU6NDBweDtmb250LXN0eWxlOm5vcm1hbDtmb250LXdlaWdodDpub3JtYWw7ZmlsbC1vcGFjaXR5OjE7c3Ryb2tlOm5vbmU7Zm9udC1mYW1pbHk6c2Fucy1zZXJpZjt0ZXh0LWFuY2hvcjpzdGFydDtmaWxsOiM1QkI3NzInID5DPC90ZXh0Pgo8dGV4dCB4PScxNDYuMycgeT0nMTcwLjAnIGNsYXNzPSdhdG9tLTAnIHN0eWxlPSdmb250LXNpemU6NDBweDtmb250LXN0eWxlOm5vcm1hbDtmb250LXdlaWdodDpub3JtYWw7ZmlsbC1vcGFjaXR5OjE7c3Ryb2tlOm5vbmU7Zm9udC1mYW1pbHk6c2Fucy1zZXJpZjt0ZXh0LWFuY2hvcjpzdGFydDtmaWxsOiM1QkI3NzInID5sPC90ZXh0Pgo8cGF0aCBkPSdNIDExOC4xLDE1MC4wIEwgMTE4LjEsMTQ5LjggTCAxMTguMSwxNDkuNyBMIDExOC4wLDE0OS41IEwgMTE4LjAsMTQ5LjMgTCAxMTcuOSwxNDkuMiBMIDExNy44LDE0OS4wIEwgMTE3LjcsMTQ4LjkgTCAxMTcuNiwxNDguNyBMIDExNy41LDE0OC42IEwgMTE3LjQsMTQ4LjUgTCAxMTcuMywxNDguNCBMIDExNy4xLDE0OC4zIEwgMTE3LjAsMTQ4LjIgTCAxMTYuOCwxNDguMSBMIDExNi43LDE0OC4xIEwgMTE2LjUsMTQ4LjAgTCAxMTYuMywxNDguMCBMIDExNi4xLDE0OC4wIEwgMTE2LjAsMTQ4LjAgTCAxMTUuOCwxNDguMCBMIDExNS42LDE0OC4xIEwgMTE1LjUsMTQ4LjEgTCAxMTUuMywxNDguMiBMIDExNS4yLDE0OC4yIEwgMTE1LjAsMTQ4LjMgTCAxMTQuOSwxNDguNCBMIDExNC43LDE0OC41IEwgMTE0LjYsMTQ4LjcgTCAxMTQuNSwxNDguOCBMIDExNC40LDE0OC45IEwgMTE0LjMsMTQ5LjEgTCAxMTQuMiwxNDkuMiBMIDExNC4yLDE0OS40IEwgMTE0LjEsMTQ5LjYgTCAxMTQuMSwxNDkuNyBMIDExNC4xLDE0OS45IEwgMTE0LjEsMTUwLjEgTCAxMTQuMSwxNTAuMyBMIDExNC4xLDE1MC40IEwgMTE0LjIsMTUwLjYgTCAxMTQuMiwxNTAuOCBMIDExNC4zLDE1MC45IEwgMTE0LjQsMTUxLjEgTCAxMTQuNSwxNTEuMiBMIDExNC42LDE1MS4zIEwgMTE0LjcsMTUxLjUgTCAxMTQuOSwxNTEuNiBMIDExNS4wLDE1MS43IEwgMTE1LjIsMTUxLjggTCAxMTUuMywxNTEuOCBMIDExNS41LDE1MS45IEwgMTE1LjYsMTUxLjkgTCAxMTUuOCwxNTIuMCBMIDExNi4wLDE1Mi4wIEwgMTE2LjEsMTUyLjAgTCAxMTYuMywxNTIuMCBMIDExNi41LDE1Mi4wIEwgMTE2LjcsMTUxLjkgTCAxMTYuOCwxNTEuOSBMIDExNy4wLDE1MS44IEwgMTE3LjEsMTUxLjcgTCAxMTcuMywxNTEuNiBMIDExNy40LDE1MS41IEwgMTE3LjUsMTUxLjQgTCAxMTcuNiwxNTEuMyBMIDExNy43LDE1MS4xIEwgMTE3LjgsMTUxLjAgTCAxMTcuOSwxNTAuOCBMIDExOC4wLDE1MC43IEwgMTE4LjAsMTUwLjUgTCAxMTguMSwxNTAuMyBMIDExOC4xLDE1MC4yIEwgMTE4LjEsMTUwLjAgTCAxMTYuMSwxNTAuMCBaJyBzdHlsZT0nZmlsbDojMDAwMDAwO2ZpbGwtcnVsZTpldmVub2RkO2ZpbGwtb3BhY2l0eToxO3N0cm9rZTojMDAwMDAwO3N0cm9rZS13aWR0aDowLjBweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpidXR0O3N0cm9rZS1saW5lam9pbjptaXRlcjtzdHJva2Utb3BhY2l0eToxOycgLz4KPC9zdmc+Cg== data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000857 drug effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000029578 entry into host Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000016087 ovulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen Chemical compound data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001717 pathogenic Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004642 transportation engineering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000252230 Ctenopharyngodon idella Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000583629 Cypridopsis vidua Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000252234 Hypophthalmichthys nobilis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000252498 Ictalurus punctatus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001275890 Megalobrama amblycephala Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000237536 Mytilus edulis Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000009411 base construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035800 maturation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000020638 mussel Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention discloses an earthen pond breeding method of procambarus clarki. The method comprises the following technical steps: (1) pond reconstructing, cleaning and sterilizing; (2) preparing before parent shrimp breeding; (3) parent shrimp breeding; (4) fodder feeding; (5) daily management; (6) wintering management; (7) seedling cultivation; and (8) seedling catching. After the testing of themethod, a large number of seedlings are produced in a base of about 5,000 mu (1 mu is about 666.7 square meters), more than 50,000 shrimps can be bred per mu, and specifications are 140 to 160 high-quality shrimp seedlings per kilogram, thus offering safeguard for the breeding of grown shrimp. Though the breeding amount of lobster individuals is small, survival rate is relatively high. A large amount of parent shrimps ensures the amount of seedlings. The breeding of procambarus clarki is not synchronous and seedling specifications in a pond are inconsistent, but seedlings required by production can be bred and demand for future breeding can be fulfilled. With batches of seedlings, future production and development can be guaranteed.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of aquaculture, more specifically relate to the earthen pond breeding method of a kind of Procambius clarkii,
Background technology
Procambius clarkii (Procambarus clarkii), English name Red swampcrayfish is commonly called as lobster, cray etc., is the economic freshwater shrimps, because of the meat flavour deliciousness extensively popular to people.The market price constantly rises, and particularly these 2 years, wholesale price is the highest to reach 30 yuan of per kilograms, and supply falls short of demand.And also there is the problem (there is supply the 4-10 month) in the tangible period of slack sales in market.Thought in the past that this seed shrimp was an adventive, do not cause domestic research institution and promote the attention of office, therefore this shrimp is begun to specialize in to the whole process few people of breeding, breed from biology, seed is supply in batches not, culturing does not have regular carrying out, output mainly to rely on open-air the seizure yet, the price height after, natural resources quantity can be fewer and feweri, and the supply in market from now on must solve by breed.
The Ke Shi crayfish all has huge market at home and abroad, spell out in " the national fishery development 11th Five-Year Plan ": regional emphasis: traditional freshwater aquiculture zone of the Changjiang river and Basin of Huaihe River, give priority to that feedstuff feedings such as silver carp bighead, grass carp, megalobrama amblycephala are few, the filter food or the herbivorous fishes of stable yield, cultural technique maturation culture; Ominivore-fish breed such as carp are given priority in traditional freshwater aquiculture zone of the Huanghe valley, make up freshwater aquiculture product main producing region; Middle and lower reach of Yangtze River advantage is cultured the area, give prominence to production, the processing base construction of strong freshwater aquiculture kind such as the international competitive advantage of doing a good job of it river crab, eel, channel catfish, pearl freshwater mussel, freshwater crayfish; Big-and-middle-sized lake, the area that reservoir is intensive will utilize functional planning according to the waters, promote the three-dimensional culture of integrated ecosystem, carry out the comprehensive mode of production such as stock enhancement and cage culture; The area of eutrophication appears in the waters, should actively utilize water plants and filter-feeding aquatile to improve and the improvement water area ecological environment developing ecology repairing type aquatic products crop cultivation and aquaculture; The develop actively rice field fish culture is wanted in the southwest, rationally development reservoir fishery, the mountain area fish culture in running water of appropriateness.Therefore, the breed that we greatly develop the Ke Shi crayfish had now both met national planning, met the needs in market again.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the cultural method of a kind of Procambius clarkii is provided.
For achieving the above object, the present invention has taked following technical scheme:
The cultural method of Procambius clarkii comprises following technical step:
(1) pond transformation and level sterilization;
(2) close shrimp is put preceding preparation in a suitable place to breed;
(3) close shrimp is put in a suitable place to breed;
(4) feedstuff feeding;
(5) daily management;
(6) overwinter management;
(7) seed is cultivated
(8) seed catching;
Below each step in the technique scheme is described in detail:
1. pond transformation and level sterilization;
The preparation of ponds: the pond of raising Procambius clarkii requires to have abundant water resources, and water quality is good, advances draining conveniently, and will there be certain gradient in the pond, and area is advisable with 3-5 mu, depth of water 0.4-1.2m.
The pond of new excavation and the old pool to look feelings in addition at the bottom of the smooth pool, remove mud and shine the pool, make at the bottom of the pond and pool wall has good water retention property, reduce the seepage of Chi Shui as far as possible, preferably have some areas to resemble marshland, deep mixed, account for about the 1/3-1/5 of the pond gross area.Utilize the rice field to be transformed into the ditch that will carry out " well " font or sphere of movements for the elephants shape to the field on the pool, open the field degree of depth at 40-50 centimetre, width is at 3-4 rice, mound on the ridge in the outside, and compacting, require width more than 2 meters, and build the anti-facility of escaping well with materials such as asbestos shingle, plastic plate, films.
The place and the fish of shrimps activity are different, and the place of shrimps activity is to make its water body floor space of adhering to and the pasture and water cauline leaf in the pond, promptly can be big more in the water body for the area that shrimp adheres to, and the quantity that then can put shrimp in a suitable place to breed is many more.Procambius clarkii is liked perching at the cave shady place, and attachment can be placed certain quantity according to the condition of different regions, and we saw with tile and thick bamboo tube and are placed in the pond in the breeding farm of Australia state lobster, also can obtain same effect.
50%-70% left and right area plantation pasture and water are hidden the invasion and attack of harmful animal and perch usefulness for Procambius clarkii at the bottom of the pond when shell.Raise early stage when pasture and water do not grow, available terrestrial plant is bundled into grass being placed on around the pond, from 1.5m place, the ridge, pond, puts a branch ofly every 3-5m, puts 20-30 for every mu and restraints.
The sterilization of cleaning up the pond: the pond sterilization of cleaning up the pond, can effectively kill harmful organisms in the pond such as catfish, loach, snakehead, snake, mouse etc.; Strive wild fishes class such as carp, crucian and the pathogenic bacteria of food.Method commonly used mainly contains:
Lime disinfection: quicklime has the dry method sterilization and is with two kinds of water sterilizations.The dry method sterilization: the pond is stayed about water 10cm, uses quicklime 100-120kg for every mu, and full pool spilling head after shining the pool in 3-5 days, pours into new water again.Band water sterilization, every mu of water surface are with 1 meter calculating of the depth of water, and after usefulness quicklime 125-150 kilogram is soluble in water, evenly splash in full pond.
Bleaching powder is sterilized: after bleaching powder is dissolved fully, evenly splash in full pond.Consumption is every mu of 15-20 kilogram (containing available chlorine 30%), and the bleaching powder consumption reduces by half.
Some is local with the sterilization of cleaning up the pond of tea cake, and effect is also fine.Quicklime preferably is with foster freshwater shrimp, management that river crab is the same.
2. close shrimp is put preceding preparation in a suitable place to breed;
The plantation pasture and water; " shrimp how much, sees pasture and water " supports shrimp, survival rate height in the pond that pasture and water are many.The Procambius clarkii feeding habits are assorted, and the pasture and water that ingest have eel grass, hydrilla verticillata, Eichhornia crassipes, water lettuce and Alternanthera philoxeroides (water peanut), and the careless class of some Lu Sheng etc.Planting pasture and water in the pond, be the desirable place that shrimp provides hidden, perched, also is the good place of shrimp shell.The area of general plantation pasture and water is to be no more than 2/3 of the pond gross area.Also must put spiral shell well before putting in a suitable place to breed, every mu of requirement also needs later on progressively to add more than the 200-300 kilogram, only in this way could guarantee to support good lobster.
Water inlet and fertilising; The water source requires water quality pure and fresh, and the dissolved oxygen abundance is pollution-free.When Xiang Chizhong injects new water, to use 60-80 order filtered through gauze, prevent that wild fishes and fish-egg from entering in the raising pond with current, just finding this year has a large amount of small fish in the shrimp pool, feed all allows small fish eat, influence output, we find to have that to have in the pool, a family be the snakehead fish in a large number in addition, greatly the output of the lobster of influence.Plankton is cultivated in fertilising simultaneously.In the shrimp pond, apply fertilizer, preferably select organic manure for use, as execute the organic manure that fermented.Amount of application is every mu of 300-500 kilogram, makes the certain fertile degree of Chi Shuiyou.Put the initial stage preceding and that put in a suitable place to breed in a suitable place to breed at the shrimp seedling, the water level that Chi Shuiying control is more shallow, water quality is easily grown fat; In the middle and later periods of raising,, progressively increase fertilizing amount along with water level is deepened.Specifically to decide, keep water transparence at 35-40cm on water colour.
3. close shrimp is put in a suitable place to breed;
During close shrimp in this step is put in a suitable place to breed, be to the shrimp species quality requirement of putting in a suitable place to breed:
(a) specification: the shrimp species specification is more than 25 grams.Can put in a suitable place to breed simultaneously, also can put in a suitable place to breed in batches; (b) physique stalwartness, appendage is complete, and anosis nothing is hindered, and vitality is strong.
Put close shrimp in a suitable place to breed and also will pay special attention to the survival rate of shrimp, we have found a lot of problems in practical operation, put down and look at it is alive, can find mortality on the 2nd day.The death what reason causes? reason has good several respects: 1 in transportation dried up overlong time, make lobster be in dewatering state for a long time, be put in the pool that a large amount of suctions of lobster cause abdominal distension and dead.The seed of 2 purchases is put in poison in water body by household of fisher and captures, and putting into the pool can mortality.3 because means of transport is improper, causes the lobster extruding injured, puts Ren Tangzhong and also can cause mortality.
Cleaned up the pond back 7-10 days, pond water drug effect disappears, and just can put close shrimp.Put Miao Qianyao and carry out " trying the water ", if the shrimp of trying the water is movable normal.The no phenomena of mortality illustrate pond water property of medicine complete obiteration, can put in a suitable place to breed.
The time of putting in a suitable place to breed must be chosen in before October 15, in female shrimp maturing stage that is in egg development all of the big specification of this period, used so can be used as close shrimp.
4. feedstuff feeding
Freshwater crayfish feed stuff mainly is based on careless class, feeding habits are very similar to river crab, so planted grass is the key of having cultured lobster, requirement accounts for the above pasture and water of pond area 50-70%, we are to have planted a large amount of eel grass (shoulder pole grass) this year, other careless class is also passable, such as: heavy water and emergent aquactic plants such as hydrilla verticillata, waterweed, and some fluitantes.Also must put spiral shell well before putting in a suitable place to breed, every mu of requirement is more than the 200-300 kilogram, and also needing later on progressively is to add, and only in this way could guarantee to support good lobster.
In the reinforced cultivating process of Procambius clarkii parent shrimp, during the raising in the step was thrown something and fed, shrimp species can add the feed of animal origin reinforcement cultivation of part, the needs that satisfy the lobster breeding and survive the winter with pellet.
5. daily management
In the daily management of step, in the Procambius clarkii earthen pond breeding method very key a bit be the lifting of water level, be to stimulate the Procambius clarkii gonad development and the timely key of ovulation, therefore in daily management, can beat dried pond substantially, add new water then.
In the daily management of Procambius clarkii parent shrimp, adhere to every morning or make an inspection tour 1-2 time at dusk that observe the pond change of water quality, understanding Procambius clarkii food activity situation is done the adjustment of feedstuff feeding amount well; The cleaning breeding environment, unusual circumstance is in time taken measures.Daily management mission mainly concentrates on throws aspects such as feeding tube is managed, the water quality water level is regulated, mend spraying fertilizer, diseases prevention is prevented escaping.
6. overwinter management;
The overwinter management work of step concentrates on the water quality water level and regulates, and winter, water level will be controlled at the pond highest order, prevents from that the pond from freezing lobster in the hole is caused freeze injury, can add the part hay at the side of a pond, spreads out around along the ridge, the pool, plays insulation effect.
7. seed is cultivated
During the seed of the Procambius clarkii of step is cultivated, spring, the Procambius clarkii seedling can progressively break away from parent, at this moment want application in time, cultivate plankton, can throw something and feed soya-bean milk and partial crushing pellet make the shrimp seedling in time obtain prescribing adequate nutrition, can accelerate seed is growth, can early emerge, the production of shrimp seedling after also can not influencing so just can reach high yield and sufficient seedling morning is arranged.
8 seed catchings;
In the fishing for of step, Procambius clarkii seedling growth rate is very fast, and pond feed Procambius clarkii seedling through 1 month raising, becomes the shrimp specification to reach 6-8 when above, can fish for sale or moves the pool and culture into shrimp.
The method that Procambius clarkii is fished for is a lot, available lobster basket, instruments such as cage net, write by hand net catch, also can angle and catch, do the pond at last again and catch.
Seed is adopted lobster basket to rise and catches, and effect is better.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
By testing method of the present invention, have this year a large amount of seeds to produce in our proving ground, on the one hand be we that each link is all held in breeding process is relatively good, we stay many ripe lobsters on the other hand.Though as lobster individual reproduction amount is not very big, survival rate after parent quantity is many, has just guaranteed the quantity of seed than higher.The Procambius clarkii breeding is nonsynchronous, and the seed size in same pond is inconsistent, produces needed seed but can breed, and can satisfy the needs of culturing from now on.Seed has in batches been arranged, and production development has from now on just had guarantee.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiment, but the present invention's scope required for protection is not limited to the scope that embodiment describes.
Embodiment 1
The cultural method of Procambius clarkii comprises following technical step:
(1) pond transformation and level sterilization;
(2) close shrimp is put preceding preparation in a suitable place to breed;
(3) close shrimp is put in a suitable place to breed;
(4) feedstuff feeding;
(5) daily management;
(6) overwinter management;
(7) seed is cultivated
(8) seed catching;
Below each step in the technique scheme is described in detail:
1. pond transformation and level sterilization;
The preparation of ponds: the pond of raising Procambius clarkii requires to have abundant water resources, and water quality is good, advances draining conveniently, and will there be certain gradient in the pond, and area is advisable with 3-5 mu, depth of water 0.4-1.2m.
The pond of new excavation and the old pool to look feelings in addition at the bottom of the smooth pool, remove mud and shine the pool, make at the bottom of the pond and pool wall has good water retention property, reduce the seepage of Chi Shui as far as possible, preferably have some areas to resemble marshland, deep mixed, account for about the 1/3-1/5 of the pond gross area.Utilize the rice field to be transformed into the ditch that will carry out " well " font or sphere of movements for the elephants shape to the field on the pool, open the field degree of depth at 40-50 centimetre, width is at 3-4 rice, mound on the ridge in the outside, and compacting, require width more than 2 meters, and build the anti-facility of escaping well with materials such as asbestos shingle, plastic plate, films.
The place and the fish of shrimps activity are different, and the place of shrimps activity is to make its water body floor space of adhering to and the pasture and water cauline leaf in the pond, promptly can be big more in the water body for the area that shrimp adheres to, and the quantity that then can put shrimp in a suitable place to breed is many more.Procambius clarkii is liked perching at the cave shady place, and attachment can be placed certain quantity according to the condition of different regions, and we saw with tile and thick bamboo tube and are placed in the pond in the breeding farm of Australia state lobster, also can obtain same effect.
50%-70% left and right area plantation pasture and water are hidden the invasion and attack of harmful animal and perch usefulness for Procambius clarkii at the bottom of the pond when shell.Raise early stage when pasture and water do not grow, available terrestrial plant is bundled into grass being placed on around the pond, from 1.5m place, the ridge, pond, puts a branch ofly every 3-5m, puts 20-30 for every mu and restraints.
The sterilization of cleaning up the pond: the pond sterilization of cleaning up the pond, can effectively kill harmful organisms in the pond such as catfish, loach, snakehead, snake, mouse etc.; Strive wild fishes class such as carp, crucian and the pathogenic bacteria of food.Method commonly used mainly contains: lime disinfection: quicklime has the dry method sterilization and is with two kinds of water sterilizations.The dry method sterilization: the pond is stayed about water 10cm, uses quicklime 100-120kg for every mu, and full pool spilling head after shining the pool in 3-5 days, pours into new water again.Band water sterilization, every mu of water surface are with 1 meter calculating of the depth of water, and after usefulness quicklime 125-150 kilogram is soluble in water, evenly splash in full pond.
Bleaching powder is sterilized: after bleaching powder is dissolved fully, evenly splash in full pond.Consumption is every mu of 15-20 kilogram (containing available chlorine 30%), and the bleaching powder consumption reduces by half.
Some is local with the sterilization of cleaning up the pond of tea cake, and effect is also fine.Quicklime preferably is with foster freshwater shrimp, management that river crab is the same.
2. close shrimp is put preceding preparation in a suitable place to breed;
The plantation pasture and water; " shrimp how much, sees pasture and water " supports shrimp, survival rate height in the pond that pasture and water are many.The Procambius clarkii feeding habits are assorted, and the pasture and water that ingest have eel grass, hydrilla verticillata, Eichhornia crassipes, water lettuce and Alternanthera philoxeroides (water peanut), and the careless class of some Lu Sheng etc.Planting pasture and water in the pond, be the desirable place that shrimp provides hidden, perched, also is the good place of shrimp shell.The area of general plantation pasture and water is to be no more than 2/3 of the pond gross area.Also must put spiral shell well before putting in a suitable place to breed, every mu of requirement also needs later on progressively to add more than the 200-300 kilogram, only in this way could guarantee to support good lobster.
Water inlet and fertilising; The water source requires water quality pure and fresh, and the dissolved oxygen abundance is pollution-free.When Xiang Chizhong injects new water, to use 60-80 order filtered through gauze, prevent that wild fishes and fish-egg from entering in the raising pond with current, just finding this year has a large amount of small fish in the shrimp pool, feed all allows small fish eat, influence output, we find to have that to have in the pool, a family be the snakehead fish in a large number in addition, greatly the output of the lobster of influence.Plankton is cultivated in fertilising simultaneously.In the shrimp pond, apply fertilizer, preferably select organic manure for use, as execute the organic manure that fermented.Amount of application is every mu of 300-500 kilogram, makes the certain fertile degree of Chi Shuiyou.Put the initial stage preceding and that put in a suitable place to breed in a suitable place to breed at the shrimp seedling, the water level that Chi Shuiying control is more shallow, water quality is easily grown fat; In the middle and later periods of raising,, progressively increase fertilizing amount along with water level is deepened.Specifically to decide, keep water transparence at 35-40cm on water colour.
3. close shrimp is put in a suitable place to breed;
During close shrimp in this step is put in a suitable place to breed, be to the shrimp species quality requirement of putting in a suitable place to breed:
(a) specification: the shrimp species specification is more than 25 grams.Can put in a suitable place to breed simultaneously, also can put in a suitable place to breed in batches; (b) physique stalwartness, appendage is complete, and anosis nothing is hindered, and vitality is strong.
Put close shrimp in a suitable place to breed and also will pay special attention to the survival rate of shrimp, we have found a lot of problems in practical operation, put down and look at it is alive, can find mortality on the 2nd day.The death what reason causes? reason has good several respects: 1 in transportation dried up overlong time, make lobster be in dewatering state for a long time, be put in the pool that a large amount of suctions of lobster cause abdominal distension and dead.The seed of 2 purchases is put in poison in water body by household of fisher and captures, and putting into the pool can mortality.3 because means of transport is improper, causes the lobster extruding injured, puts Ren Tangzhong and also can cause mortality.
Cleaned up the pond back 7-10 days, pond water drug effect disappears, and just can put close shrimp.Put Miao Qianyao and carry out " trying the water ", if the shrimp of trying the water is movable normal.The no phenomena of mortality illustrate pond water property of medicine complete obiteration, can put in a suitable place to breed.
The time of putting in a suitable place to breed must be chosen in before October 15, in female shrimp maturing stage that is in egg development all of the big specification of this period, used so can be used as close shrimp.
4. feedstuff feeding
Freshwater crayfish feed stuff mainly is based on careless class, feeding habits are very similar to river crab, so planted grass is the key of having cultured lobster, requirement accounts for the above pasture and water of pond area 50-70%, we are to have planted a large amount of eel grass (shoulder pole grass) this year, other careless class is also passable, such as: heavy water and emergent aquactic plants such as hydrilla verticillata, waterweed, and some fluitantes.Also must put spiral shell well before putting in a suitable place to breed, every mu of requirement is more than the 200-300 kilogram, and also needing later on progressively is to add, and only in this way could guarantee to support good lobster.
In the reinforced cultivating process of Procambius clarkii parent shrimp, during the raising in the step was thrown something and fed, shrimp species can add the feed of animal origin reinforcement cultivation of part, the needs that satisfy the lobster breeding and survive the winter with pellet.
5. daily management
In the daily management of step, in the Procambius clarkii earthen pond breeding method very key a bit be the lifting of water level, be to stimulate the Procambius clarkii gonad development and the timely key of ovulation, therefore in daily management, can beat dried pond substantially, add new water then.
In the daily management of Procambius clarkii parent shrimp, adhere to every morning or make an inspection tour 1-2 time at dusk that observe the pond change of water quality, understanding Procambius clarkii food activity situation is done the adjustment of feedstuff feeding amount well; The cleaning breeding environment, unusual circumstance is in time taken measures.Daily management mission mainly concentrates on throws aspects such as feeding tube is managed, the water quality water level is regulated, mend spraying fertilizer, diseases prevention is prevented escaping.
6. overwinter management;
The overwinter management work of step concentrates on the water quality water level and regulates, and winter, water level will be controlled at the pond highest order, prevents from that the pond from freezing lobster in the hole is caused freeze injury, can add the part hay at the side of a pond, spreads out around along the ridge, the pool, plays insulation effect.
7. seed is cultivated
During the seed of the Procambius clarkii of step is cultivated, spring, the Procambius clarkii seedling can progressively break away from parent, at this moment want application in time, cultivate plankton, can throw something and feed soya-bean milk and partial crushing pellet make the shrimp seedling in time obtain prescribing adequate nutrition, can accelerate seed is growth, can early emerge, the production of shrimp seedling after also can not influencing so just can reach high yield and sufficient seedling morning is arranged.
8 seed catchings;
In fishing for, Procambius clarkii seedling growth rate is very fast, and pond feed Procambius clarkii seedling through 1 month raising, becomes the shrimp specification to reach 6-8 when above, can fish for sale or moves the pool and culture into shrimp.
Claims (9)
1. the earthen pond breeding method of Procambius clarkii is characterized in that: comprise following technical step:
(1) pond transformation and level sterilization;
(2) close shrimp is put preceding preparation in a suitable place to breed;
(3) close shrimp is put in a suitable place to breed;
(4) feedstuff feeding;
(5) daily management;
(6) overwinter management;
(7) seed is cultivated;
(8) seed catching.
2. the earthen pond breeding method of Procambius clarkii according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in (1) step: pond transformation and level sterilization and be: the pond that is used for Procambius clarkii breeding requires to have abundant water resources, water quality is good, it is convenient to advance draining, area is advisable for 3-5 mu, rectangle, pond, the ridge, pond be than 1: 3, depth of water 0.4-1.2m; The disinfectant method of cleaning up the pond is lime disinfection or bleaching powder sterilization method.
3. the earthen pond breeding method of Procambius clarkii according to claim 1 is characterized in that: prepare to comprise plantation pasture and water and water inlet and fertilising before the close shrimp in (2) step is put in a suitable place to breed.
4. the earthen pond breeding method of Procambius clarkii according to claim 1 is characterized in that: during the close shrimp in (3) step is put in a suitable place to breed, to the shrimp species quality requirement of putting in a suitable place to breed be:
(a) specification: the shrimp species specification is more than 25 grams; Can put in a suitable place to breed simultaneously, also can put in a suitable place to breed in batches; (b) physique stalwartness, appendage is complete, and anosis nothing is hindered, and vitality is strong.
5. the earthen pond breeding method of Procambius clarkii according to claim 1 is characterized in that: during the raising in (4) step was thrown something and fed, shrimp species can strengthen cultivating the needs that satisfy the lobster breeding and survive the winter with the feed of animal origin that pellet add part.
6. the earthen pond breeding method of Procambius clarkii according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the daily management of (5) step, in the Procambius clarkii earthen pond breeding method very key a bit be the lifting of water level, it is the key that stimulates the Procambius clarkii gonad development and in time ovulate, therefore in daily management, can beat dried pond substantially, add new water then.
7. the cultural method of Procambius clarkii according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the overwinter management work of (6) step concentrates on the water quality water level and regulates, winter, water level will be controlled at the pond highest order, preventing that the pond from freezing causes freeze injury to lobster in the hole, can add the part hay at the side of a pond, spread out around along the ridge, the pool, play insulation effect.
8. the earthen pond breeding method of Procambius clarkii according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: during the seed of the Procambius clarkii of (7) step is cultivated, at this moment spring, the Procambius clarkii seedling can progressively break away from parent, wanted application in time, cultivate plankton, can throw something and feed soya-bean milk and partial crushing pellet, make the shrimp seedling in time obtain prescribing adequate nutrition, can accelerate seed is growth, can early emerge, the production of shrimp seedling after also can not influencing so just can reach high yield and sufficient seedling morning is arranged.
9. the earthen pond breeding method of Procambius clarkii according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the fishing for of (8) step, Procambius clarkii seedling growth rate is very fast, pond feed Procambius clarkii seedling, raising through 1 month, become the shrimp specification to reach 6-8 when above, can fish for sale or move the pool and culture into shrimp.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN200910192389A CN101664011A (en) | 2009-09-16 | 2009-09-16 | Earthen pond breeding method of procambarus clarki |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN200910192389A CN101664011A (en) | 2009-09-16 | 2009-09-16 | Earthen pond breeding method of procambarus clarki |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN101664011A true CN101664011A (en) | 2010-03-10 |
Family
ID=41800918
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN200910192389A Pending CN101664011A (en) | 2009-09-16 | 2009-09-16 | Earthen pond breeding method of procambarus clarki |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN101664011A (en) |
Cited By (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101971778A (en) * | 2010-08-13 | 2011-02-16 | 南京市水产科学研究所 | Method for culturing large size procambarus clarkii in pond |
CN102342254A (en) * | 2010-08-03 | 2012-02-08 | 湖北省姜友余龙虾养殖专业合作社 | Technique for rearing crayfish seedling |
CN104719197A (en) * | 2015-03-07 | 2015-06-24 | 长沙立旺农业科技有限公司 | Lobster breeding method |
CN104996352A (en) * | 2015-07-03 | 2015-10-28 | 融安县渔业技术推广站 | Fish pond treatment method for culturing fishes in hilly pond |
CN105230544A (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2016-01-13 | 湖北省小龙虾良种选育繁育中心有限公司 | Artificial breeding method for crayfishes in net cage |
CN105360030A (en) * | 2015-11-23 | 2016-03-02 | 湖北莱克水产食品股份有限公司 | Earth pond artificial propagation and breeding integrated technology for crayfishes |
CN105638537A (en) * | 2016-03-30 | 2016-06-08 | 苏州市相城区阳澄湖镇剑成水产生态养殖专业合作社 | Breeding method for lobsters |
CN105815250A (en) * | 2016-03-30 | 2016-08-03 | 苏州市相城区阳澄湖镇剑成水产生态养殖专业合作社 | Method for artificially breeding metapenaeus ensis at high yield |
CN106259065A (en) * | 2016-08-05 | 2017-01-04 | 潘发全 | A kind of cultural method of fresh water shrimp |
CN106577078A (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2017-04-26 | 湖北省水产科学研究所 | Rice-shrimp-loach coupled cultivating method and paddy comprehensive planting-cultivating mode |
CN109042416A (en) * | 2018-08-21 | 2018-12-21 | 安徽省鲜可达农业股份有限公司 | A kind of early breeding method of Procambius clarkii |
CN110537512A (en) * | 2019-09-20 | 2019-12-06 | 江苏省淡水水产研究所 | Method for 'autumn seedling early propagation' of procambarus clarkii |
CN111280100A (en) * | 2020-03-11 | 2020-06-16 | 长江大学 | Method for breeding crayfishes in hydrilla verticillata primary pond |
CN112544515A (en) * | 2020-12-07 | 2021-03-26 | 哈尔滨市农业科学院 | Method for overwintering procambarus clarkii parents in outdoor pond under ice |
CN113100135A (en) * | 2021-04-21 | 2021-07-13 | 江苏省淡水水产研究所 | Method and system for producing procambarus clarkii with shrimp seeds in earth pond |
-
2009
- 2009-09-16 CN CN200910192389A patent/CN101664011A/en active Pending
Cited By (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102342254A (en) * | 2010-08-03 | 2012-02-08 | 湖北省姜友余龙虾养殖专业合作社 | Technique for rearing crayfish seedling |
CN101971778A (en) * | 2010-08-13 | 2011-02-16 | 南京市水产科学研究所 | Method for culturing large size procambarus clarkii in pond |
CN101971778B (en) * | 2010-08-13 | 2013-06-05 | 南京市水产科学研究所 | Method for culturing large size procambarus clarkii in pond |
CN104719197A (en) * | 2015-03-07 | 2015-06-24 | 长沙立旺农业科技有限公司 | Lobster breeding method |
CN104996352A (en) * | 2015-07-03 | 2015-10-28 | 融安县渔业技术推广站 | Fish pond treatment method for culturing fishes in hilly pond |
CN105230544A (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2016-01-13 | 湖北省小龙虾良种选育繁育中心有限公司 | Artificial breeding method for crayfishes in net cage |
CN105360030A (en) * | 2015-11-23 | 2016-03-02 | 湖北莱克水产食品股份有限公司 | Earth pond artificial propagation and breeding integrated technology for crayfishes |
CN105638537A (en) * | 2016-03-30 | 2016-06-08 | 苏州市相城区阳澄湖镇剑成水产生态养殖专业合作社 | Breeding method for lobsters |
CN105815250A (en) * | 2016-03-30 | 2016-08-03 | 苏州市相城区阳澄湖镇剑成水产生态养殖专业合作社 | Method for artificially breeding metapenaeus ensis at high yield |
CN106259065A (en) * | 2016-08-05 | 2017-01-04 | 潘发全 | A kind of cultural method of fresh water shrimp |
CN106577078A (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2017-04-26 | 湖北省水产科学研究所 | Rice-shrimp-loach coupled cultivating method and paddy comprehensive planting-cultivating mode |
CN109042416A (en) * | 2018-08-21 | 2018-12-21 | 安徽省鲜可达农业股份有限公司 | A kind of early breeding method of Procambius clarkii |
CN110537512A (en) * | 2019-09-20 | 2019-12-06 | 江苏省淡水水产研究所 | Method for 'autumn seedling early propagation' of procambarus clarkii |
CN111280100A (en) * | 2020-03-11 | 2020-06-16 | 长江大学 | Method for breeding crayfishes in hydrilla verticillata primary pond |
CN112544515A (en) * | 2020-12-07 | 2021-03-26 | 哈尔滨市农业科学院 | Method for overwintering procambarus clarkii parents in outdoor pond under ice |
CN112544515B (en) * | 2020-12-07 | 2022-06-03 | 哈尔滨市农业科学院 | Method for overwintering procambarus clarkii parents in outdoor pond under ice |
CN113100135A (en) * | 2021-04-21 | 2021-07-13 | 江苏省淡水水产研究所 | Method and system for producing procambarus clarkii with shrimp seeds in earth pond |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN103891659B (en) | Method for breeding Odontobutis obscura through fish-rice symbiosis in pool | |
CN101664011A (en) | Earthen pond breeding method of procambarus clarki | |
CN105393985A (en) | Frog culturing method | |
CN101836606B (en) | Comprehensive breeding method for macrobrachium nipponensis | |
CN103314902A (en) | Efficient breeding method for river crabs in pollution-free pond | |
CN103181343A (en) | Planting and breeding integrated ecological breeding method for large fishpond | |
CN103283652A (en) | Efficient ecological breeding method of giant freshwater prawns | |
CN101897309A (en) | Environmentally friendly breeding method of ricefield eel and loach | |
CN102986563A (en) | Method for ecologically poly-culturing fishes with different feeding habits in net cages of shrimp culture pond | |
CN106172101B (en) | Bionic breeding and healthy efficient breeding method for channa asiatica | |
CN104255601A (en) | Freshwater crayfish culturing method | |
CN101755581B (en) | Method for three-dimensional planting and breeding of agricultural products | |
CN103875566A (en) | Method for ecologically breeding portunus trituberculatus in ponds | |
CN101836607B (en) | Method for breeding macrobrachium nipponensis | |
CN103583431B (en) | Method for mainly culturing yellow catfishes and carrying out polyculture on other feeding fishes in pond | |
CN103385190A (en) | Symbiotic cultivation method of odontobutis obscura, snails and river crabs | |
CN103461250A (en) | Method for culturing pelteobagrus fulvidraco in rice field | |
CN102771419B (en) | Method for cultivating calcium-supplementing red swamp crayfish in rice field | |
CN107182657A (en) | A kind of method of rice field fish culture | |
CN111758628B (en) | Method for cultivating and removing weed rice of plate-type paddy field crayfishes without ditching and feeding | |
CN101622965A (en) | Method for reforming low-lying field to culture adult freshwater crayfishes | |
CN109997750A (en) | A kind of rice, cray, duck, crab symbiosis alternate culture method | |
CN104221963A (en) | Loach large-scale ecological breeding method | |
CN110663604A (en) | Paddy field polyculture method for crayfish and river crab juvenile crabs | |
CN101773029B (en) | Method for three-dimensionally planting and breeding loofahs, water cresses and crabs |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
C06 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |
Open date: 20100310 |
|
C02 | Deemed withdrawal of patent application after publication (patent law 2001) |