CN110537512A - Method for 'autumn seedling early propagation' of procambarus clarkii - Google Patents

Method for 'autumn seedling early propagation' of procambarus clarkii Download PDF

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CN110537512A
CN110537512A CN201910894100.6A CN201910894100A CN110537512A CN 110537512 A CN110537512 A CN 110537512A CN 201910894100 A CN201910894100 A CN 201910894100A CN 110537512 A CN110537512 A CN 110537512A
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pond
months
water level
feed
shrimps
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徐宇
李佳佳
许志强
孙梦玲
严维辉
唐建清
潘建林
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Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province
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Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01KANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/50Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
    • A01K61/59Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01KANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K63/00Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
    • A01K63/003Aquaria; Terraria
    • A01K63/006Accessories for aquaria or terraria
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
  • Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for 'early propagation of autumn seedlings' of procambarus clarkia, which comprises stocking parents with the specification of more than 30 g/tail in late 7 months, wherein the male-female ratio is (1.2-1.5): 1; planting swamp cabbages 100% around the pond in 6 months; building a sunshade net above the pond along the pond for 7-8 months; feeding high-quality compound feed twice in the morning and at night every day, wherein the feed is a hard granular feed, the protein content is 36%, and the daily feeding amount is 3-5% of the weight of the shrimps; drying the pond for 10 days at the bottom of 8-9 months, and forcing parent shrimps to live in holes; raising the water level to more than 20cm of the original water level, forcing the parent shrimps to go out of the holes and lay eggs, and reducing the water level to the original water level after 7 days; after forced mating and spawning in the dry pond, feeding management is carried out in a conventional mode, and crayfish fries with the specification of more than 5 g/tail are harvested in batches from the last 10 th to the last 11 th of the month. The method solves the problem of large-scale early breeding of the seedlings, and can realize centralized batch marketing of commercial shrimps in 2-3 months during the spring festival by putting the seedlings in advance for breeding in autumn.

Description

Method for 'autumn seedling early propagation' of procambarus clarkii
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of procambarus clarkia cultivation, and relates to a method for 'autumn seedling early propagation' of procambarus clarkia.
Background
Procambarus clarkii (Procambarus clarkii), commonly known as crayfish, belongs to the Crustacea, Depodales, Dicambaridae, Procambarus. With the rapid increase of domestic consumption, crayfish has become the best-selling freshwater aquatic product variety in China. In the face of the rapidly increased breeding area in China, the demand of the breeding industry for high-quality seedlings is increasing, and the insufficient supply of the high-quality seedlings becomes a main bottleneck restricting the sustainable development of the crayfish industry. In the actual culture production process, the time for artificial natural breeding of the fries to appear on the market is concentrated (a large amount of fries emerge in 3-5 months), and the commercial shrimps are concentrated on the market in 5-6 months, so that the price of the commercial shrimps is lowered, and the culture benefit is low. Under the condition, most farmers hope to avoid the peak of concentrated marketing in 5-6 months, advance or delay the marketing time of commercial shrimps, realize 'peak staggering breeding' and increase the economic benefit. The main limiting factor for implementing the 'peak shifting cultivation' is the seed supply, and the industry needs to provide seeds in batches early or delayed.
The normal mating time of the crayfishes in the Yangtze river basin is autumn, and the necessary conditions for mating and spawning are that the water temperature is reduced and the sunshine time is shortened; in a natural breeding state, because the normal mating and spawning time is later, the embryo development speed is reduced along with the gradual reduction of the water temperature, and the seedlings can be bred only after spring beginning in the next year. In addition, the current industry generally adopts a mode of 'pond-left parent shrimp self-reproduction' to breed (put parents to breed), the number of the parents and the fries in a pond can not be determined, and the quality can not be ensured.
disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for 'autumn seedling early propagation' of procambarus clarkia, aiming at the defects in the prior art.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for 'autumn seedling early propagation' of Procambrus clarkii comprises stocking parents with a specification of more than 30 g/tail in late 7 months, wherein the male-female ratio is (1.2-1.5): 1; planting swamp cabbages 100% around the pond in 6 months; building a sunshade net above the pond along the pond for 7-8 months; feeding high-quality compound feed twice in the morning and at night every day, wherein the feed is hard granular feed, the content of crude protein is 36 percent, and the daily feeding amount is 3 to 5 percent of the weight of the shrimps; drying the pond for 10 days at the bottom of 8-9 months, and forcing parent shrimps to live in holes; raising the water level to more than 20cm of the original water level, forcing the parent shrimps to go out of the holes and lay eggs, and reducing the water level to the original water level after 7 days; after forced mating and oviposition in the dry pond, adopting a conventional mode for feeding management, and harvesting crayfish fries with the specification of more than 5 g/tail in batches from 10 late months to 11 early months.
The method for breeding procambarus clarkii in autumn and early seedling is preferred, the soil of a breeding pond is preferably clay or loam, the area of the breeding pond is 5-20 mu, the breeding pond is rectangular in the east-west direction, the depth of the pond is 1.2-1.5 m, the slope ratio of pond ridges is 1: 1.8-2, water seepage does not occur, and the sludge at the bottom of the pond is 10-12 cm; the water inlet and drainage system is complete, the microporous oxygen increasing equipment is arranged, 1/3 parts of the whole pool area for planting the waterweeds, and the dryland grass is reserved beside the pool ridge.
the 'autumn seedling early propagation' method of the procambarus clarkii is preferred, and parents require pure body color, complete appendages, no injury, strong physique and good vitality.
The 'autumn seedling early propagation' method of the procambarus clarkii is optimized, and a sunshade net is built along 30-35% of the area above the pond.
The 'autumn seedling early propagation' method of the procambarus clarkii is preferred, the high-quality compound feed is fed twice in the morning and at night every day, the feeding time is 4-5 am and 17-18 pm, the feed is a hard granular material, the content of crude protein is 36%, and the particle size is 1.6-2.0 mm; the daily feeding amount is 3-5% of the weight of the shrimps, and the feeding amount is adjusted according to the eating condition.
the 'autumn seedling early propagation' method of the procambarus clarkii is preferable, the conventional mode is adopted for feeding management, 25-30% of protein feed is fed instead, and 28% of protein feed is further preferably fed instead.
According to the 'autumn seedling early propagation' method for the procambarus clarkii, which is disclosed by the invention, a sunshade net with 90% -95% of shading degree is preferably built along the 1/3 area above the pond in 7-8 months, the temperature and the illumination are accurately controlled, the temperature of the sunshade net is reduced by 5-8 ℃ at 11: 30-14: 30, and the illumination intensity is 6000 lux-6500 lux.
The method for the 'autumn seedling early propagation' of the procambarus clarkii is further preferable, and comprises the following steps:
(1) Pond design
The soil of the breeding pond is preferably clay or loam, the area of the breeding pond is 5-20 mu, the breeding pond is east-west-oriented and rectangular, the depth of the pond is about 1.5m, the slope ratio of the pond ridge is 1:2, water seepage does not occur, and the sludge at the bottom of the pond is 10 cm; the water inlet and drainage system is complete, the microporous oxygen increasing equipment is arranged, 1/3 parts of the whole pool area for planting the waterweeds, and dryland grass is reserved beside the pool ridge; planting swamp cabbages 100% around the pond in 6 months; building a sunshade net with 95% shading degree along 30% -35% of the area above the pond in 7-8 months, and accurately controlling the temperature and the illumination, so that the temperature of the sunshade net is reduced by 5-8 ℃ under 12: 00-14: 00, and the illumination intensity is 6000 lux-6100 lux;
(2) Parent releasing
parents with the specifications of more than 30 g/tail are stocked in late 7 th ten days, the body color is pure, the appendages are complete, the disease is avoided, the physique is strong, the vigor is good, and the male-female ratio is (1.2-1.5): 1;
(3) Feeding fodder
feeding high-quality compound feed twice in the morning and at 4 am and 17-18 am every night, wherein the feed is a hard granular material, the content of crude protein is 36%, and the particle size is 1.6-2.0 mm; the daily feeding amount is 3-5% of the weight of the shrimps, and the feeding amount is adjusted according to the eating condition;
(4) forced mating and oviposition
Drying the pond for 10 days at the bottom of 8-9 months, and forcing parent shrimps to live in holes; raising the water level to more than 20cm of the original water level, forcing the parent shrimps to go out of the holes and lay eggs, and reducing the water level to the original water level after 7 days;
(5) Harvesting of seedlings
After forced mating and spawning in the dry pond, feeding management is carried out in a conventional mode, 28% of protein feed is fed, and crayfish fries with the specification of more than 5 g/tail are harvested in batches from the last 10 th to the last 11 th of the month.
has the advantages that:
according to the invention, the parents are put in a quantitative and sufficient amount, the temperature and the illumination are accurately controlled by planting the water spinach and building the sunshade net, the measures of promoting the gonad development of the parents by matching with the feeding of high-quality feed, forcing the crayfish to mate in advance in a dry pond and the like are taken, and the goal of advanced batch breeding (11-month seedling emergence) of crayfish seedlings can be realized. The method for early breeding of autumn seedlings solves the problem of large-scale early breeding of the seedlings, and the commercial shrimps can be sold in batches in the spring period of 2-3 months by putting the seedlings in advance in autumn for breeding.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the development of early breeding of parent ovary of procambarus clarkii in autumn
A: 28% protein content + sunshade net (0), B: 28% protein content + sunshade net (1/3), C: 28% protein content + sunshade net (1/2), D: 36% protein content + sunshade net (0); e: 36% protein content + sunshade net (1/3); f: 36% protein content + sunshade net (1/2).
Detailed Description
The following is the early breeding condition of the seedlings in autumn in Korea of Jiangsu in 2017.
(1) pond preparation
6 aquaculture ponds with the areas of 10 mu respectively, the depths of the ponds are 1.5m, the ridge-slope ratio of the ponds is 1:2, water leakage does not occur, sludge at the bottom of the ponds is 10cm, a water inlet and drainage system is complete, escape-preventing facilities are complete, microporous oxygen increasing equipment is arranged, a sun-shading net (the ratio of the sun-shading net is 0,1/3 and 1/2 respectively) is erected above the south of the ponds in the months of 7 and 15 months, and the waterweeds are planted in the ponds and the areas of the ponds account for 1/3 of the whole pond; the pool is filled with water spinach strips with the width of 1 m.
(2) Parent releasing
500kg of parent shrimps with the specification of more than 30g are put into the pond in 7 months and 23 days, and the male-female ratio is 1.2: 1. After the parents are put in, the water temperature of the pond is reduced by utilizing the sunshade net.
(3) Feeding fodder
the feed is fed for 2 times a day (before 5: 00 and after 17: 00). The special compound feed for crayfishes with the protein content of 36% or 28% is added (see table 1 in detail), the feeding amount is based on the slight residue of 2 hours after feeding, and the feeding amount is adjusted in time according to the weather, the water temperature and the food intake condition.
(4) Forced mating and oviposition
Observing the parent gonad development conditions in 8 months and 18 days, and selecting a treatment group with the best gonad development (adjusting the content of feed protein and the coverage area of a sunshade net) to carry out forced mating and oviposition; draining the dry pond after 20 days in 8 months, and airing the pond for 10 days to stress shrimp caves; starting to feed water in 3 days after 9 months, rapidly increasing the water level to the highest water level, forcing the crayfish to go out of the hole and lay eggs, and reducing the water level to the original water level after 7 days.
(5) Harvesting of seedlings
After forced mating and oviposition in the dry pond, the conventional mode is adopted for feeding management (the protein 28% feed is fed instead). Catching the seedlings at 26 days in 10 months, and harvesting more than 200kg of the seedlings with the specification of more than 5 g/tail per mu till 16 days in 11 months.
The development condition and the ovarian photos of each group of procambarus clarkii bred in advance in autumn are shown in table 1 and figure 1.
TABLE 1 early breeding of procambarus clarkii in autumn parental development
Note: the examination time of gonad development is 8 months and 18 days
Example 2
The early autumn breeding condition of the seedlings in two ponds of Gaoyou in Jiangsu in 2018 is as follows.
(1) Pond design
The soil quality of the breeding pond is clay, the area of the breeding pond is 10 multiplied by 667m2, the breeding pond is east-west oriented and rectangular, the depth of the pond is about 1.5m, the slope ratio of the pond ridge is 1:2, water seepage does not occur, and the sludge at the bottom of the pond is 10 cm; the water inlet and drainage system is complete, the microporous oxygen increasing equipment is arranged, 1/3 parts of the whole pool area for planting the waterweeds, and dryland grass is reserved beside the pool ridge; planting swamp cabbages with width of 1m 100% along the periphery of the pond in 6 months; building a sunshade net with 95 percent of shading degree along 30 to 35 percent of the area above the pond in 20 days after 7 months, and accurately controlling the temperature and the illumination, so that the temperature of the sunshade net is reduced by 5 to 8 ℃ under 12:00 to 14:00, and the illumination intensity is about 6000 lux;
(2) Parent releasing
parents with the specifications of more than 30 g/tail are released in 25 days after 7 months, the body color is pure, the appendages are complete, the disease is avoided, the physique is strong, the vitality is good, and the male-female ratio is 1.2: 1;
(3) Feeding fodder
Feeding high-quality compound feed twice in the morning and evening, wherein the feed is 4:00 and evening 17: 30, the feed is a hard granular material, the content of crude protein is 36 percent, and the grain diameter is 1.6 mm-2.0 mm; the daily feeding amount is 3% of the weight of the shrimps, and the feeding amount is adjusted according to the eating condition;
(4) Forced mating and oviposition
Drying the pond for 10 days in the beginning of 8 months and 20 days, and forcing parent shrimps to live in holes; raising the water level to more than 20cm of the original water level, forcing the parent shrimps to go out of the holes and lay eggs, and reducing the water level to the original water level after 7 days;
(5) Harvesting of seedlings
After forced mating and oviposition in a dry pond, feeding management is carried out in a conventional mode, 28% protein feed is fed, and crayfish fries with the specification of more than 5 g/tail are harvested in batches within 10 months and 30 days, and the results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 22018 early autumn breeding of Procambarus clarkii

Claims (8)

1. A method for 'early propagation of autumn seedlings' of procambarus clarkia is characterized by comprising stocking parents with the specification of more than 30 g/tail in late 7 months, wherein the male-female ratio is (1.2-1.5): 1; planting swamp cabbages 100% around the pond in 6 months; building a sunshade net above the pond along the pond for 7-8 months; feeding high-quality compound feed twice in the morning and at night every day, wherein the feed is hard granular feed, the content of crude protein is 36-40%, and the daily dosage is 3-5% of the weight of shrimps; drying the pond for 10 days at the bottom of 8-9 months, and forcing parent shrimps to live in holes; raising the water level to more than 20cm of the original water level, forcing the parent shrimps to go out of the holes and lay eggs, and reducing the water level to the original water level after 7 days; after forced mating and spawning in the dry pond, feeding management is carried out in a conventional mode, and crayfish fries with the specification of more than 5 g/tail are harvested in batches from the last 10 th to the last 11 th of the month.
2. The method for the 'autumn seedling early propagation' of the procambarus clarkii according to claim 1, wherein the soil of the breeding pond is preferably clay or loam, the area is 5-20 mu, the pond is rectangular, the depth of the pond is 1.2-1.5 m, the slope ratio of the pond ridge is 1: 1.8-2, water seepage does not occur, and the sludge at the bottom of the pond is 10-12 cm; the water inlet and drainage system is complete, the microporous oxygen increasing equipment is arranged, 1/3 parts of the whole pool area for planting the waterweeds, and the dryland grass is reserved beside the pool ridge.
3. The method for the 'autumn seedling early propagation' of the procambarus clarkii according to claim 1, wherein the parents require pure body color, complete appendages, no injury, strong physique and good vitality.
4. The method for the 'autumn seedling early propagation' of the procambarus clarkii according to claim 1, which is characterized in that a sunshade net is built along 30 to 35 percent of the area above a pond.
5. The method for the 'autumn seedling early propagation' of the procambarus clarkii according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the procambarus clarkii is fed with the high-quality compound feed twice in the morning and at night, the feeding time is 4-5 am and 17-18 am, the feed is required to be hard granules, the content of crude protein is 36%, and the particle size is 1.6 mm-2.0 mm; the daily feeding amount is 3-5% of the weight of the shrimps, and the feeding amount is adjusted according to the eating condition.
6. The method for the 'autumn seedling early propagation' of the procambarus clarkii according to claim 1, wherein the conventional mode is adopted for feeding management, and 25-30% of protein feed is fed instead, preferably 28% of protein feed is fed instead.
7. The method for the 'autumn seedling early propagation' of the procambarus clarkii according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: a sunshade net with 90% -95% of shading degree is built along 1/3 area above the pond in 7-8 months, and temperature and illumination are accurately controlled, so that the temperature of the sunshade net is reduced by 5-8 ℃ at 11: 30-14: 30, and the illumination intensity is 6000 lux-6500 lux.
8. The method for the 'autumn seedling early propagation' of the procambarus clarkii according to any one of claims 1 to 7, which is characterized in that:
(1) pond design
The soil of the breeding pond is preferably clay or loam, the area of the breeding pond is 5-20 mu, the breeding pond is east-west-oriented and rectangular, the depth of the pond is about 1.5m, the slope ratio of the pond ridge is 1:2, water seepage does not occur, and the sludge at the bottom of the pond is 10 cm; the water inlet and drainage system is complete, the microporous oxygen increasing equipment is arranged, 1/3 parts of the whole pool area for planting the waterweeds, and dryland grass is reserved beside the pool ridge; planting swamp cabbages 100% around the pond in 6 months; building a sunshade net with 95% shading degree along 30% -35% of the area above the pond in 7-8 months, and accurately controlling the temperature and the illumination, so that the temperature of the sunshade net is reduced by 5-8 ℃ under 12: 00-14: 00, and the illumination intensity is 6000 lux-6100 lux;
(2) Parent releasing
parents with the specifications of more than 30 g/tail are stocked in late 7 th ten days, the body color is pure, the appendages are complete, the disease is avoided, the physique is strong, the vigor is good, and the male-female ratio is (1.2-1.5): 1;
(3) Feeding fodder
Feeding high-quality compound feed twice in the morning and at 4 am and 17-18 am every night, wherein the feed is a hard granular material, the content of crude protein is 36%, and the particle size is 1.6-2.0 mm; the daily feeding amount is 3-5% of the weight of the shrimps, and the feeding amount is adjusted according to the eating condition;
(4) Forced mating and oviposition
drying the pond for 10 days at the bottom of 8-9 months, and forcing parent shrimps to live in holes; raising the water level to more than 20cm of the original water level, forcing the parent shrimps to go out of the holes and lay eggs, and reducing the water level to the original water level after 7 days;
(5) Harvesting of seedlings
After forced mating and spawning in the dry pond, feeding management is carried out in a conventional mode, 28% of protein feed is fed, and crayfish fries with the specification of more than 5 g/tail are harvested in batches from the last 10 th to the last 11 th of the month.
CN201910894100.6A 2019-09-20 2019-09-20 Method for 'autumn seedling early propagation' of procambarus clarkii Pending CN110537512A (en)

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CN110973026A (en) * 2019-12-12 2020-04-10 江苏省淡水水产研究所 Method for breeding crayfish seedlings in advance
CN111134064A (en) * 2020-02-13 2020-05-12 江苏省淡水水产研究所 Method for 'late breeding' of procambarus clarkii in spring seedlings
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Cited By (6)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110973026A (en) * 2019-12-12 2020-04-10 江苏省淡水水产研究所 Method for breeding crayfish seedlings in advance
CN111134064A (en) * 2020-02-13 2020-05-12 江苏省淡水水产研究所 Method for 'late breeding' of procambarus clarkii in spring seedlings
CN111134064B (en) * 2020-02-13 2022-01-28 江苏省淡水水产研究所 Method for 'late breeding' of procambarus clarkii in spring seedlings
CN111280101A (en) * 2020-03-27 2020-06-16 广西壮族自治区水产科学研究院 Method for breeding crayfishes in early spring in workshop
CN111642432A (en) * 2020-04-07 2020-09-11 广西壮族自治区水产科学研究院 Method for in-situ breeding of red swamp crayfish in rice field planting area in slack winter
CN115380854A (en) * 2022-07-20 2022-11-25 广西壮族自治区水产科学研究院 Method for obtaining egg-carrying shrimps in batches

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