CN110100765A - Introduce the high-yield quick breeding method of Mozambique Tilapia mossambica - Google Patents
Introduce the high-yield quick breeding method of Mozambique Tilapia mossambica Download PDFInfo
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- CN110100765A CN110100765A CN201810144486.4A CN201810144486A CN110100765A CN 110100765 A CN110100765 A CN 110100765A CN 201810144486 A CN201810144486 A CN 201810144486A CN 110100765 A CN110100765 A CN 110100765A
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- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/60—Fishing; Aquaculture; Aquafarming
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses the high-yield quick breeding methods for introducing Mozambique Tilapia mossambica, and in Tilapia mossambica breeding Chi Shangshe solar photovoltaic cell panel equation, using solar power generation, electricity consumption can be carried out the water supply to breeding pond, water temperature regulation, and water temperature is made to be maintained at 25-32 DEG C；The suspend mode of Tilapia mossambica is eliminated, the new method of the high-yield quick breeding Tilapia mossambica without suspend mode is created；The selection in Tilapia mossambica breeding pond is carried out, is created；Tilapia mossambica breeding pool, breeding net cage, nursery pond, seedling net cage are established, marketable fish culture pond, marketable fish cultivate net cage, and Rofe fishpond escape-proof fence carries out the clear pond of sterilizing；In pond, culture transferring water plant in net cage, breeding, nursery, commodity fish culture, adult fish, the parent population raising to Tilapia mossambica are carried out；Using Rofe fingerling, during breeding, parent population, the different size of fry, rational density, the scientific and reasonable disease-resistant feed for feeding Tilapia mossambica fast-growth, the disease control for carrying out Tilapia mossambica breeding are determined；Carry out the nascent state breeding of science.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is to belong to a kind of technical field of fishery cultivating, specifically a kind of introduction Mozambique Tilapia mossambica
Utilize solar energy high-yield quick breeding method.
Background technique
Mozambique Tilapia mossambica, original, which refers to, incubates non-crucian carp category fish species: Mozambique by the mouth of type locality of Mozambique
It is that the non-crucian carp category of Family Cichlidae and mouth incubate non-crucian carp category etc. and belong to being commonly called as jointly for several fish that mouth, which incubates non-crucian carp now,；It is world's aquatic products industry now
Emphasis scientific research culture cultured freshwater fish, and be known as one of the main source of the following animal protein.Tilapia mossambica is logical
It often moves in fresh water, can also move in the salt water of different salt contents, can also survive in lake, river, in the shallow water in pond.
It has very strong adaptability, can also breed in the narrow waters of area, or even can grow in paddy field, and to dissolved oxygen
Less water has extremely strong adaptability.Most Tilapia mossambicas are omnivorousness, often eat aquatic plant and mince.
The meat flavour of Tilapia mossambica is delicious, fine and tender taste, either braises in soy sauce or cooks clearly, taste is all good.Bolti is through surveying
It is fixed, 20.5 grams of protein are contained in every 100 grams of meat, 6.93 grams of fat, 148 kilocalories of heat, 70 milligrams of calcium, 50 milligrams of sodium, phosphorus 37 is in the least
Gram, 1 milligram of iron, 0.1 milligram of vitamin B1,0.12 milligram of vitamin B2.Tilapia mossambica, which will become international, mainly cultivates fish
Class.
Mozambique Tilapia mossambica originates in Africa, is grown in torrid areas, and natural conditions are good, and production period is long, growth speed
Degree is fast, and yield is high；The cultivation of Tilapia mossambica in China, due to being limited by subtropical climatic condition, generally existing temperature is low, water temperature
Low situation, production is there are dormant period, and the cultivation speed of growth is slow, and yield is lower, and production period is short, restricts Tilapia mossambica aquaculture
Development, for the development for accelerating China's Tilapia mossambica aquaculture, it is necessary to create a kind of introduction Mozambique Tilapia mossambica and utilize the sun
It can high-yield quick breeding method.Method using solar energy high-yield quick breeding Tilapia mossambica is at low cost, and high financial profit is accurate
The good project that poverty alleviation is striven for a relatively comfortable life.
Summary of the invention:
The content of present invention technical problems to be solved are: in Mozambique's Tilapia mossambica breeding Chi Shangshe solar energy of introduction
Solar panel equation is lied prostrate, using solar power generation, electricity consumption can be carried out the electric heating exchange to the well water in Tilapia mossambica breeding pond, provide Rofe
Temperature adjustment water supply needed for fish breeding pond makes the water temperature in Tilapia mossambica breeding pond be maintained at 25-32 DEG C throughout the year；Eliminate stopping for Tilapia mossambica
It sleeps, creates nascent state, new environment, the new method of the annual high-yield quick breeding Tilapia mossambica without suspend mode.Carry out Tilapia mossambica breeding pond
Selection, creation；It digs a well in the quadrangle of Tilapia mossambica breeding pool, set " well " font PVC water supplying pipe, aerating pipe, in the water surface in bottom of pond
If oxygen increasing pump, immersible pump is filled in well and connects water supplying pipe, sets drainpipe on the Rofe fishpond ridge, establish Tilapia mossambica breeding pool, breeding
Net cage, nursery pond, seedling net cage, marketable fish aquaculture pond, marketable fish aquaculture net cage, Rofe fishpond escape-proof fence carry out sterilization and disappear
The clear pond of poison；In nursery pond, seedling net cage, breeding pool, breeding net cage, marketable fish aquaculture pond, culture transferring water in marketable fish aquaculture net cage
Grass；Using Mozambique Tilapia mossambica, bolti, Oreochromis aureus and the various combined hybridization of the health of high-quality
Offspring's Rofe fingerling: red tilapia kind, Fu Shou fingerling carry out hatching, breeding, nursery, commodity fish culture to Tilapia mossambica, at
Fish, parent population raising, determine parent population, the different size of fry, fry pond rational density and put in a suitable place to breed, using the breeding that science is healthy
Method, rationally launch various animals, biological feedstuff and Tilapia mossambica fast-growth disease-resistant feed, carry out Tilapia mossambica disease it is anti-
It controls, promotes Tilapia mossambica fast-growth.The unhealthy method that breeding uses drug and commercial synthesis feed in the process is excluded, using day
Right forage science cultivation, implementation through the invention obtain the Tilapia mossambica of high-quality, and the consumption for being able to satisfy domestic and international people needs
It asks.
The technical scheme is that passing through in Mozambique's Tilapia mossambica breeding Chi Shangshe solar photovoltaic cell panel equation
The electric energy converted using solar energy is carried out the electric heating exchange to the well water of Tilapia mossambica breeding pool, it is numerous to provide a kind of long-term Tilapia mossambica
The water temperature in feeding pond is at 25-32 DEG C, the new water temperature growing environment of creation Tilapia mossambica, growth, reproductive characteristic with standard to Tilapia mossambica,
Eliminate the suspend mode of Tilapia mossambica, create the nascent state of annual high-yield quick breeding Tilapia mossambica of the Tilapia mossambica breeding without suspend mode, new environment,
New method.Research shows that: Growth Op Tilapia has its rule: Tilapia mossambica feeding habits are extensive, are mostly the omnivorousness based on vegetalitas, very
Voracity, food ration are big；Growth rapidly, is grown faster with young stage especially.Growth Op Tilapia and temperature have substantial connection, Tilapia mossambica
16~38 DEG C of growth temperature, 22~35 DEG C of thermophilic, 28~32 DEG C of optimum breeding temperature.The critical-temperature of Rofe fish culture highest is about
40~41 DEG C, when water temperature is lower than 15 DEG C, Tilapia mossambica is in a dormant state.Tilapia mossambica is in China, 4 months annual October to next years
Ten days, into dormant period, does not ingest, does not grow, does not breed when water temperature is lower than 15 DEG C, when water temperature is higher than 15 DEG C, starts to live
It moves, look for food, grow.Tilapia mossambica is when growing 6 months, sexal maturity, when water temperature is at 20 DEG C or more, starts oviposition and enters breeding
Phase.In In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River, Tilapia mossambica is initially entered breeding period to May by the end of April.The flourish phase of Tilapia mossambica is shorter, stops
The dormancy phase is longer, about half a year.The technical scheme is that being utilized in Tilapia mossambica breeding Chi Shangshe solar-energy photo-voltaic cell equation
The electric energy of solar energy conversion carries out the electric heating exchange to the well water in Tilapia mossambica breeding pond, provides a kind of long-term Tilapia mossambica breeding pond
Water temperature at 25-32 DEG C, improve Tilapia mossambica nascent state and grow temperature environment, eliminate the suspend mode of Tilapia mossambica, keep Tilapia mossambica long-term
To high-yield quick breeding, changes the method for China traditional breeding Tilapia mossambica at present, create the nascent state environment of Tilapia mossambica existence, wound
Build nascent state Tilapia mossambica breeding pond；Using the Mozambique Tilapia mossambica of high-quality, bolti, Oreochromis aureus and each
The combined filial generation Rofe fingerling of kind: red tilapia kind, Fu Shou fingerling carry out hatching, breeding, nursery, quotient to Tilapia mossambica
Product fish culture, the raising of adult fish, parent population, determine the different size of Rofe fry, Rofe fishpond rational density with put in a suitable place to breed, use
The breeding method of scientific health, feeds the disease-resistant feed of various natural animals, biological feedstuff and Tilapia mossambica fast-growth, carries out sieve
The prevention and treatment of non-fish disease evil, excludes to use industrial fits feed and drug, carries out the nascent state breeding of science, reality through the invention
It applies, obtains the healthy Tilapia mossambica of high-quality, meet foreign exchange earning and need and domestic and international consumption demand, the warp of raising Tilapia mossambica breeding
Ji benefit.
(1), the selection and creation in Tilapia mossambica breeding pond:
1), Tilapia mossambica breeding pond selects environment quiet, hidding and sunny side, has abundant water resources, and water quality is good, and water, soil is pollution-free, row
Fill convenient；The place of traffic convenience, bottom of pond is smooth, and sediment of pond is with a thickness of 15-30 centimetres.The slope Chi Geng ratio is 1: 1.5, creates sieve
Non- fish breeding pond.
1.1), at the 2.5-3 rice in Tilapia mossambica breeding pond overhead, by Tilapia mossambica breeding pond overhead per acre, by dress 400-440
Square metre solar photovoltaic cell panel equation, building generated energy on ground is 50 kilowatts of solar power station.Solar photovoltaic
Pond plate receives the thermal energy of the sun, converts direct current energy for solar thermal energy, direct current energy inputs direct current energy through transmission pressure
The solar energy inversion manifold of solar power station is changed into alternating current；Certainly by a part access Tilapia mossambica breeding system of alternating current
With, extra a part is sold to power grid, it, can be to power grid power purchase when electricity consumption is inadequate；Personal electric energy part, is used as to Tilapia mossambica
Illumination, power, water supply and the heating of well water to Tilapia mossambica breeding pond of breeding, the water quality of Tilapia mossambica breeding water, water level, water
Temperature control system is adjusted and dynamic etc. to the fine bourn of breeding water.
2), the selection and creation of Tilapia mossambica breeding pool, breeding net cage:
2.1), Tilapia mossambica breeding pool, breeding net cage selection environment quiet, hidding and sunny side, have abundant water resources, water quality it is good, water,
Soil is pollution-free, irrigation and drainage are convenient；The place of traffic convenience, bottom of pond is smooth, bottom of pond mud is with a thickness of 20-30 centimetres, and the slope Chi Geng ratio is 1:
1.2, creation Tilapia mossambica breeding pool, breeding net cage.
2.2), every open area of Tilapia mossambica breeding pool: 66-110 meters a length of, width is 30 meters, and area is 1980-3300 squares
Rice, is advisable with 3-5 mus；
2.3), the depth of water of Tilapia mossambica breeding pool is 1.20-1.5 meters, and the depth of water most depth is 1.5-2 meters；
2.4), water quality requirement: between pH value 6.8-8.0, the water mg/litre of 3-5 containing dissolved oxygen, molecules of ammonia is less than 0.04 milli
Grams per liter；It can be carried out Tilapia mossambica breeding water circulation and fine bourn be dynamic, keep Tilapia mossambica breeding water water temperature at 25-32 DEG C；
2.5), ooxygenation facility is set: every 8-10 meters before and after bottom of pond, long 20-25 meters of aerating pipe (oxygen supplying tube) 1 is set
Item, every pond set 8-10 item, and in every face Kou Chi equipped with paddle aerator one that power is 2 kilowatts, it is ensured that Tilapia mossambica breeding
Water oxygenation needs；
2.6), dig a well and set pipe armored pump: in the quadrangle of every mouthful of Tilapia mossambica breeding pool, each a bite diameter that excavates is 2 meters, and well head is straight
Diameter is 1.2 meters, the well that depth is 8-10 meters；The PVC that bottom is laid with that " well " font diameter is 3 cun in Tilapia mossambica breeding pool is intake
Pipe, above PVC water supplying pipe, boring 1 diameter at interval of 10 centimetres is 2 millimeters towards day hole, may be used as into water, adjusts water
Matter, water level, water temperature and the new water of supply and keep fine bourn dynamic；Facing bottom into well by 1 diameter is filled in well head is 3 cun of Yang Chengwei
13-15 meters of immersible pump, submersible pump outlet connect a side port of PVC water supplying pipe nearby, in another side port of water supplying pipe, connect 90 degree
After elbow connects 1.5 meters of PVC straight tubes towards day, then connect after 90 degree of elbows by the dress regulating valve flow velocity and flow made adjustments into water；
By solar energy conversion from electricity consumption, well water is converted into required water temperature by electric heating, and enable immersible pump, well water is used as
It supplies water and adjusts water quality, water level, water temperature and the new water of supply of Tilapia mossambica breeding pool and keep water fine bourn dynamic；
2.7), create nascent state breeding condition: by the Chi Geng of four perimeters of Tilapia mossambica breeding pool be made into it is 1.8-2 meters wide, from
The Chi Geng that bottom of pond is 2.2-2.5 meters a height of, the slope Chi Geng ratio is 1: 1.2, bottom of pond mud is with a thickness of 20~30 centimetres, in pond face culture transferring water
Grass, creation allow the milter of heat to find place in pond and do the condition of nest, make Tilapia mossambica natural propagation.
2.8), in breeding pool waters cultivation water hyacinth grass, waterweed, hydrilla verticillata, eel grass, spray sward；
2.9) an a length of 1.8-, is opened at horizontal line every 10 meters of standardized horizontal lines on the surface on the Tilapia mossambica breeding pool ridge
2 meters, wide 30 centimetres, the pipe trench that depth is 30-40 centimetres, it is 25 centimetres that diameter is embedded in pipe trench, a length of 1.8-2 meters of pvc pipe,
Soil is filled in back in pipe trench, be embedded to diameter is 25 centimetres, and a length of 1.8-2 meters of pvc pipe is used as Tilapia mossambica and breeds as overflow pipe
The self-draining in pond is used；
2.10), in the overflow pipe water inlet nylon wire of 25 mesh, nozzle is sealed, to prevent the flight of Rofe fry；
2.11), keep water water level, fine bourn dynamic: the water inlet of Tilapia mossambica breeding water is by being embedded in " well " of bottom of pond
The PVC water inlet pipe that the diameter of font is 3 cun enters, and extra water is discharged by overflow pipe, is not only able to maintain the control of water level, and
And can ensure that the pico- flowing of water, it keeps water to be in running water state, is conducive to the quick breeding of Tilapia mossambica；
2.12) batch production vinyl house, is set up, it is ensured that pond water temperature: in order to ensure Tilapia mossambica breeding pool can be kept throughout the year
Water temperature obtains condition, the purpose of high-yield quick breeding Tilapia mossambica at 25-32 DEG C, can in solar photovoltaic cell panel equation and
Batch production vinyl house is set up above Tilapia mossambica breeding pool overcomes northern China cold snap to improve the thermal efficiency of solar energy
It is interfered using temperature control of the solar energy to high-yield quick breeding Tilapia mossambica；
2.13), the type water temperature adjustment method of Tilapia mossambica breeding pool: well water has the characteristics that constant temperature cool in summer and warm in winter, in general feelings
Under condition, winter-spring season well water water temperature is between 10-12 DEG C, and summer and autumn, well water water temperature was between 13-18 DEG C；In summer and autumn, weather
The highest temperature is between 38-43 DEG C, and open country temperature is up to 55-60 DEG C, and the water temperature of Tilapia mossambica breeding pool can be unfavorable at 38-50 DEG C
In the flourish of Tilapia mossambica, at this point it is possible to make sieve by the well water of 13-18 DEG C of the injection into Tilapia mossambica breeding pool to reach
Water temperature cooling in non-fish breeding pool, reaches the requirement of 25-32 DEG C of required ideal water temperatures, it is raw to be conducive to Tilapia mossambica high-yield quick
It is long；Winter-spring season, for temperature close between -6 DEG C to 18 DEG C, open country temperature at this time can be between -7 DEG C to 20 DEG C, at this time
Tilapia mossambica breeding pool subglacial water temperature is 0 DEG C or more, when temperature is high, and water temperature is 10-18 DEG C；It can use what solar energy was sent out at this time
Electricity heats well water by the electric heating exchange to well water, well water water temperature is heated between 40-50 DEG C, according to practical need
Heated well water is inputted into Tilapia mossambica breeding pool, Tilapia mossambica breeding pool is made to reach the requirement of 25-32 DEG C of required ideal water temperatures,
Conducive to the growth of winter-spring season Tilapia mossambica high-yield quick；Using solar energy electricity, electric heating exchange heating, Ke Yili are carried out to well water
With the temperature persistance of well water, electricity consumption is saved, the effective use to solar energy is conducive to, keep it environmentally friendly and energy saving, obtained fast
The benefit of fast high yield breeding Tilapia mossambica；In Various Seasonal, solar energy electric energy obtained can use, nearby using local water
Source adjusts water level, the water quality, water temperature in Tilapia mossambica breeding pond；
2.14), build net cage for breeding tilapia: a length of 5 meters of net cage for breeding tilapia, width are 4 meters, and each net cage is 20 flat
The square water surface；The 75-80% that the net cage setting gross area is breeding pool water area is bred, breeding pool water surface setting Tilapia mossambica breeds per acre
Net cage 24-25 is only；Breeding net cage is set in row, and breeds net cage and is arranged with central area of 1 meter from water side, between cabinet between
It is divided into 0.5 meter；Breeding net cage is made into the polyethylene that mesh is 25 mesh without tubercle mesh sheet, and net cage for breeding tilapia is with four moso bamboos
Bar inserts in 5 meters long respectively, in wide 4 meters of four angle points, mesh sheet is fixed on bamboo bar quadrangle with iron wire, breeds a height of 2.0- of net cage
2.2 meters, underwater portion is 1.6-1.8 meters, and above water is 0.4 meter；The bottom filling 30-30 cm thick in breeding net cage
Soil makes net cage bottom come into full contact with bottom of pond soil；It breeds net cage to cultivate first 15 days in Rofe fingerling cartonning, input from bottom of pond height
1.4-1.6 meters of deep water transplant water hyacinth when breeding net cage and entering water in breeding net cage, waterweed, hydrilla verticillata, eel grass,
Spray sward；Water plant area coverage accounts for the 65-75% of breeding net cage water area.
3), the selection and creation of Tilapia mossambica nursery pond, seedling net cage:
3.1), Tilapia mossambica nursery pond, seedling net cage selection environment quiet, hidding and sunny side, have abundant water resources, water quality it is good, water,
Soil is pollution-free, irrigation and drainage are convenient；The place of traffic convenience, bottom of pond is smooth, bottom of pond mud is with a thickness of 10-20 centimetres, and the slope Chi Geng ratio is 1:
1.2, create Tilapia mossambica nursery pond, seedling net cage.
3.2), nursery pool area: 30 meters wide with 90-110 meters long, 2640-3300 square metres of area, 4-5 mus are advisable；
3.3), the nursery pond depth of water: the depth of water is 1.40-1.60 meters, and most depth is 1.6-2.0 meters；
3.4), nursery pond water quality requirement: between pH value 6.5-8.0, water is greater than 3-5 mg/litre containing dissolved oxygen, and molecules of ammonia is small
In 0.04 mg/litre；Water temperature is 28-32 DEG C, and it is dynamic to can be carried out water circulation fine bourn；
3.5) every 8-10 meters before and after bottom of pond, long 20-25 meters of gas explosion, nursery pond setting aerating pipe and oxygen increasing pump: is set
It manages (oxygen supplying tube) 1, every pond, which sets 10-11 item, to be advisable；In every mouthful of larval rearing water face, the vane type oxygenation for being 3 kilowatts equipped with power
One, machine, it is ensured that water is for oxygen demand；
3.6), nursery pond digs a well, sets intake-discharge pipe line, sets immersible pump, intakes, draining, water quality, water temperature, water level
Regulation, the dynamic requirement of fine bourn, by Tilapia mossambica breeding pool requirement setting；
3.7), set Tilapia mossambica seedling net cage: seedling net cage is 3 meters wide with 4 meters long, and every net cage water surface is 12 square metres；Net
The 75-80% that the gross area is Tilapia mossambica larval rearing water area is arranged in case, and Tilapia mossambica seedling net cage 42- is arranged in the nursery pond water surface per acre
45；Net cage is set in row, and net cage is arranged with central area of 1 meter from water side, between cabinet between be divided into 0.5 meter；Nursery
Net cage is made into the polyethylene that mesh is 25 mesh without tubercle mesh sheet, and Tilapia mossambica seedling net cage inserts in long 4 with four moso bamboo bars respectively
Meter, in wide 3 meters of four angle points, mesh sheet is fixed on bamboo bar quadrangle with iron wire；Net cage is 2.0-2.2 meters a height of, and underwater portion is
1.4-1.8 meters, above water is 0.4 meter, 8-10 centimetres from nursery pond bottom of seedling net cage bottom, net cage bottom not contact chamber bed mud
Soil；Seedling net cage is 15 days before Tilapia mossambica prelarva enters net cage seedling nursery, after sterilizing to nursery pond, inputs 1.4-1.8 high from bottom of pond
The water of meter Shen.
4), the selection and creation of Tilapia mossambica marketable fish aquaculture pond, aquaculture net cage:
4.1), Tilapia mossambica marketable fish aquaculture pond selection environment quiet, hidding and sunny side, have abundant water resources, water quality it is good, water, soil
Pollution-free, irrigation and drainage are conveniently；The place of traffic convenience, bottom of pond is smooth, bottom of pond mud is with a thickness of 20~30 centimetres, and the slope Chi Geng ratio is 1:
1.2, create Tilapia mossambica marketable fish aquaculture pond, aquaculture net cage.
4.2), marketable fish cultivates pool area: it is 30 meters wide with 88-100 meters long, 2640-3300 square metres, be with 4-5 mus
Preferably；
4.3), the marketable fish aquaculture pond depth of water: for the depth of water at 1.60-1.80 meters, most depth is 2 meters；
4.4), marketable fish aquaculture pond water quality requirement: between pH value 6.5-8.0, water is greater than 4-5 mg/litre containing dissolved oxygen, point
Sub- ammonia is less than 0.04 mg/litre；It can be carried out water to circulate, water temperature is 28-32 DEG C；
4.5) every 9-10 meters before and after bottom of pond, long 20-25, marketable fish aquaculture pond setting aerating pipe and oxygen increasing pump: is set
Rice aerating pipe (oxygen supplying tube) 1, every pond, which sets 7-8 item, to be advisable；It is 3 kilowatts equipped with power in every mouthful of marketable fish aquaculture pond water surface
Paddle aerator one, it is ensured that water is for oxygen demand；
4.6), marketable fish aquaculture pond digs a well, sets intake-discharge pipe line, sets immersible pump, intakes, draining, water quality, water
The regulation of temperature, water level, the dynamic requirement of fine bourn, is arranged by Tilapia mossambica breeding pool requirement；
4.7) marketable fish aquaculture net cage, is set, marketable fish aquaculture net cage is 4 meters wide with 5 meters long, and every net cage water surface is 20 flat
80% that the gross area is marketable fish culturing pool area is arranged in square rice, net cage, and marketable fish is arranged in the marketable fish aquaculture pond water surface per acre
Aquaculture net cage 25-26 is only；Net cage is set in row, and net cage is arranged with central area of 1 meter from water side, between cabinet between be divided into
0.5 meter, marketable fish aquaculture net cage is made into the polyethylene that mesh is 25 mesh without tubercle mesh sheet, four hairs of marketable fish aquaculture net cage
Bamboo bar inserts in 5 meters long respectively, and in wide 4 meters of four angle points, mesh sheet is fixed on moso bamboo bar quadrangle with iron wire；The a height of 2.0- of net cage
2.2 meters, underwater portion is 1.6-1.8 meters, and above water is 0.4 meter, and 30-35 cm thick is inserted in marketable fish aquaculture net cage
Soil makes net cage bottom come into full contact with bottom of pond soil；Marketable fish aquaculture net cage is 15 days before Rofe seedling fish cartonning, through to marketable fish
After the disinfection of aquaculture pond, inputs 1.6-1.8 meters high from bottom of pond deep water and moved in net cage when marketable fish aquaculture net cage enters water
Plant water hyacinth, waterweed, hydrilla verticillata, eel grass, spray sward；Water plant area coverage accounts for the 65-75% of net cage water area.
5) escaping-preventing facilities, are carried out: sealing the supply and discharge mouth of a river with the stainless steel window gauze of 35 mesh at the supply and discharge mouth of a river in each pond, and
It is fastened with iron wire, prevents Tilapia mossambica from fleeing.
6), the clear pond of sterilizing: removing excessive mud, only stay 10-30 centimetres, complete with Chi Quan pond of the quick lime to each creation
Whole to splash, 160-180 kilograms of dosage per acre reaches thoroughly that pond is cleared and sterilized；Weeds weeds is removed, germ is killed, improves bottom of pond
Quality, after splashing quick lime 7 days, it is primary to let off water, allows and excludes dirt, then shines pond and adds the depth of water to 1.4-1.8 after 4-6 days
Rice.
7), in Tilapia mossambica breeding pool, net cage for breeding tilapia, nursery pond, seedling net cage, marketable fish aquaculture pond, marketable fish
To have planted water plant in aquaculture net cage: one pond of breeding, a net cage Tilapia mossambica first have to kind of a pond, a net cage water plant, create numerous
Support the nascent state environment of Tilapia mossambica；Water plant is that Tilapia mossambica likes one of natural bait eaten, and can play good purified water
Effect, and be the place that Tilapia mossambica inhabited, hid enemy；The area for supporting plant water plant should account for 2/3rds of pond, should not mistake
More, principal item has duckweed, red duckweed, waterweed, hydrilla verticillata, eel grass, water hyacinth grass；Duckweed, red duckweed, water hyacinth grass, wheel blade
Based on transplanting, eel grass is planted with seeding method for black algae, waterweed；In breeding pool, breeding net cage, nursery pond, seedling net cage, quotient
Transplanting water plant is 2/3rds of pond and the net cage water surface in product fish culture pond, marketable fish aquaculture net cage.
(2), the breeding method of Tilapia mossambica:
1), the hatching method of Tilapia mossambica:
1.1), Tilapia mossambica hatches characteristic: sexal maturity is reached after Growth Op Tilapia 6 months, the raun of 250-350 grams of weight cherishes ovum
Amount is mostly between 1200-1500, and during breeding, milter has beautiful wedding dark brown color, and abdomen has anus and urogenital hole two
A mouth, squeezing abdomen has white sperm to flow out, and raun abdomen has 3 holes, i.e. anus, gonopore and uropoiesis hole.Water temperature 18~32
DEG C, mature milter has " digging nest " ability, and mature raun matches into nest, it is simultaneously contained in oral cavity at once by output mature egg, makes
Ovum fertilization, fertilized eggs are developed in raun oral cavity, as water temperature 25-32, can hatch juvenile fish within 4-5 days.Juvenile fish is to yolk bag
It disappears and leaves parent when there is a capability.
1.2), the suitable water temperature of Tilapia mossambica hatching is 22-32 DEG C, the natural spawning generally after mid-May.To rob season
Section, light, heat and the feed resource of solar energy are made full use of, to improve cultured output, it is necessary to take using solar energy to breeding pool,
Breeding net cage heats, and so that breeding pool, breeding net cage water temperature is reached 22-32 DEG C, reinforced cultivating, the spring is numerous ahead of time, makes Tilapia mossambica in April
Seedling is incubated in the middle ten days oviposition；Concrete measure is as follows:
1.2.1), parent population selection and cultivate: the physical strong, energy of selection is strong, without sick and wounded, growth period at 6 months or more,
The good Tilapia mossambica of sexal maturity is parent population, in mid-March, is put into breeding pool or breeding net cage is reinforced cultivating, breeding pool can be selected
With overwintering breeding pond；6 tail parent populations are put in a suitable place to breed in every square metre of breeding pool or breeding net cage, and female-male proportion 2: 1 or 3: 1 is wanted simultaneously
It refreshes the water periodically, feed.
1.2.2), heat and feeding management: pool inner water temperature should be controlled at 22-32 DEG C, and water quality requirement is fertile, living, refreshing, feeding amount
Depending on water temperature, water quality and the growing state of fish；In the breeding pool or breeding net cage of hydrostatic, daily feeding amount is parent population weight
2%, flowing water pond is 3%.Meanwhile the activity condition and gonad development degree of parent population are often observed, carry out every record.
1.2.3), lay eggs: Tilapia mossambica male and female fish body color has apparent difference, and the milter of heat moves about in pool side, finds ground
Point does nest.The shape of nest be pot-shaped, 30-40 centimetres of diameter, 10 centimetres of depth or so.After nest is built up, milter arrives the female shoal of fish frequently
In tease, and intercept raun enter nest pairing.When water temperature reaches 22-23 DEG C, raun just can lay eggs.When oviposition, raun abdomen is leaned on
Nearly nest bottom, milter are guarded by nest, and after raun oviposition, immediately by ovum suction inlet, prominent lower jaw drum is in cryptomere.Milter enters nest immediately
Sperm drainage, raun is again by sperm in bilge suction.Ovum is fertilized in oral cavity.
1.2.4), incubate seedling: in water quality: between pH value 6.5-8.0, the water mg/litre of 3-5 containing dissolved oxygen, molecules of ammonia is less than
0.04 mg/litre；Water temperature is 25-32 DEG C, and water recycles in the dynamic water of fine bourn, and tilapia oosperm is incubated in raun oral cavity
Change, and stirred with the breathing of raun, has not only obtained the protection of parent, but also there is good environment of hatching.In water temperature in 25-32
DEG C when, hatch fry within about 4-5 days.
1.2.5), points for attention are bred: in numerous Tilapia mossambica seedlings, the kind bred out using Tilapia mossambica interspecific hybridization
The features such as seedling, these seedlings speed of growth due to having heterosis, hybrid vigor is fast, and individual is big, and cold resistance is good, and male ratio is high, commodity valence
Value is high.Its product name, mainly has: Ao Ni, miscellaneous, Tilapia difficult to understand, unisexuality Tilapia mossambica etc..In the breeding process, seedling is screened
Quality is good, the speed of growth is most fast, and the highest seedling of male ratio is put in a suitable place to breed.
1.2.6), the Tilapia mossambica young baby fish hatched first feeds soft-boiled eggs Huang, soya-bean milk, small fish slurry, water silk earthworm slurry etc., with Rofe
Fish constantly grow up, except pond fertilising in addition to, the later period should also feed fly maggot, silkworm chrysalis, earthworm, spiral shell freshwater mussel meat, bean dregs, wheat bran, rice bran,
The animals such as soya-bean cake, plant feed can carry out nursery after 1 month cultivates.
1.2.7), using the method for solar energy high-yield quick breeding Tilapia mossambica, the breeding of Tilapia mossambica is made to be maintained at pond throughout the year
Coolant-temperature gage carries out in 28-32 DEG C, eliminates the dormant period of Growth Op Tilapia, makes Tilapia mossambica fast-growth, so that Rofe
Fish realizes autumn and winter hatching breeding, and quantity, the speed of hatching breeding Tilapia mossambica are increased at training.Make high-yield quick breeding sieve
Non- fish is achieved.
2), the nursery of Tilapia mossambica:
2.1), the nursery of Tilapia mossambica carries out in nursery pond or seedling net cage；
2.2), the method for culturing seedlings of Tilapia mossambica:
2.2.1), 1 month before nursery, nursery pond or nursery box water level is made to be maintained at 1.40-1.60 meters, in pool water within,
The water surface sprinkles the decomposed storage excrement into 250-300 kilograms per acre, cultivates planktonic organism；
2.2.2), water quality requirement: between pH value 6.5-8.0, the water mg/litre of 3-5 containing dissolved oxygen, molecules of ammonia is less than 0.04 milli
Grams per liter；
2.2.3), water temperature requirement: water temperature is 28-32 DEG C；
2.2.4), duckweed, red duckweed, water hyacinth, the waterweed, wheel to be put in a suitable place to breed in Tilapia mossambica nursery pond or in seedling net cage
The black algae of leaf, eel grass etc., water plant put the 65-70% for accounting for water face in a suitable place to breed；
2.2.5), the physical strong, energy of fry selection it is strong, without it is sick and wounded, a length of 2-3 centimetres of prelarva seedling, neat specification
Fry, choose disease fry and dead seedling；
2.2.6), seedling density: every square metre of cultivation fry 120-150 tail；
2.2.7), before fry enters nursery pond, seedling net cage, to carry out disinfection, with 3%~5% salt water dipping bath fish body 5
~10 minutes, the morning or dusk that the fry time should be selected in fine day are put, never puts fry in rainy day or fine day high noon.
2.2.8), the feeding method of feed: daily bait throwing in 2 times, in nursery pond, educate at o'clock in the morning 8-9 at 5-6 o'clock in the afternoon
Dispersion is fed in seedling net cage.
2.2.9), feed forage volume: feeding forage volume and fed by the 2-3% of fry total weight, feeding volume can rest in
Eating up within feed 2 hours is advisable.
2.2.10), daily early, middle and late measurement water temperature, temperature, survey weekly 1 pH value, survey 2 transparencies；Early morning, night
Respectively patrol nursery pond, seedling net cage 1 time.When dissolved oxygen is lower, fry has slight floating head, oxygen increasing pump is opened in time or aerating pipe increases
Oxygen, or using changing the method oxygenation of water into Xin Shui, each quantity of exchanged water be nursery pond, seedling net cage 1/5th.
2.2.11), under fry after nursery pond, seedling net cage, to keep water in dark brown, transparency is 25~30 lis
Rice；It applies fertilizer 1 time weekly, applies 150~200 kilograms of animal manure fertilizer per acre every time.When fine, water transparency is greater than 30 centimetres
Dose can suitably be increased；When water quality overfertilization, it should reduce or stop applying fertilizer.
2.2.12), adhere to healthy aquaculture, by guidelines, prevent fish disease.Under fry after nursery pond, seedling net cage, every
10-15 days, 20-25 kilograms of quick lime water full pool spilling head is used per acre, and adjusting water pH value is in alkalescence, is changed with biological agent
Kind pond microorganism structure, improves water quality.
2.2.13), the feed of fry is planktonic organism, feeds ripe yolk, soya-bean milk, fresh small fish slurry, earthworm slurry；Fish
When seedling grows larger, the disease-resistant feed of fast-growth can be fed；When fry is long to 5-6 centimetres, pond can be gone out and formed.
3), the cultivation of commodity Tilapia mossambica:
3.1), forming for commodity Tilapia mossambica is formed in marketable fish aquaculture pond or marketable fish aquaculture net cage；
3.2), the cultural method of commodity Tilapia mossambica:
3.2.1), 1 month before cultivation, marketable fish aquaculture pond or marketable fish aquaculture net cage water level is made to be maintained at 1.40-
1.60 meters, in pool water within, the water surface sprinkles the decomposed storage excrement into 300-400 kilograms per acre, cultivates planktonic organism；
3.2.2), water quality requirement: between pH value 6.5-8.0, the water mg/litre of 3-5 containing dissolved oxygen, molecules of ammonia is less than 0.04 milli
Grams per liter；
3.2.3), water temperature requirement: water temperature is 28-32 DEG C；
3.2.4), put in a suitable place to breed in Tilapia mossambica marketable fish aquaculture pond or in marketable fish aquaculture net cage duckweed, red duckweed, water hyacinth,
Waterweed, hydrilla verticillata, eel grass, water plant account for the 65-70% of pond water surface area；
3.2.5), fry selection is physical strong, energy is strong, a length of 5-6 centimetres without sick and wounded, fry, the fish of neat specification
Seedling chooses disease fry and dead seedling, and peach milter seedlings as more as possible are put in a suitable place to breed；
3.2.6), breeding density: 1500 tails of Tilapia mossambica fry/- 1900 tails of mu/mu, -320 tail of 220 tails of Colossoma brachypomum/mu/
Mu, silver carp, 40 tails of flathead/- 80 tails of mu/mu, 25 tails of grass carp/- 55 tails of mu/mu, 25 tails of dace/- 55 tails of mu/mu, put in a suitable place to breed 5000 tail of loach/
Mu -8000 tails/mu.The dispensing of Tilapia mossambica fry can also be close using early period, later period dilute stocking method, with commodity Tilapia mossambica
Grow up, divide pond reduce cultivation density；The output capacity in fishpond can be improved in this way.
3.2.7), fry enters Chi Qianyao and carries out disinfection, with salt water dipping bath fish body 5~10 minutes of 3%~5%, or it is every
Rise liquor potassic permanganate dipping bath fish body 10~15 minutes of 0.1 milligram；The morning or dusk that the fry time should be selected in fine day are put, is cut
Avoid and puts fry in rainy day or fine day high noon.
3.2.8), the feeding method of feed: feed is disposably put into；In marketable fish aquaculture pond or marketable fish aquaculture net cage
Middle dispersion is fed.
3.2.9), the time of feed fed: when 5-6 every afternoon；
3.2.10), feed forage volume: feeding forage volume and fed by the 2-3% of fry total weight, feeding volume can rest in
Eating up within feed 2 hours is advisable.
3.2.11), after marketable fish fry is launched, the feed of fry is planktonic organism, yolk, soya-bean milk, fresh small fish slurry,
Earthworm slurry；Earthworm, water silk earthworm, tadpole, fly maggot, wheel animalcule, small fish, pork liver, mussel meat, small shrimp, Pomacea canaliculata meat, wheat, wheat
Bran, corn flour, fishbone dust, sheep blood, yellow meal worm, multi-vitamins, minerals, oatmeal, dregs of beans, Cottonseed Meal, rapeseed cake, sesame
Cake, chicken giblets, choline chloride, Rehmannia glutinosa, zeolite powder, Prunella vulgaris, honeysuckle, peach kernel, Rhizoma Gastrodiae, anhydrous sodium sulphate, Chinese yam, Poria cocos, Radix Glycyrrhizae,
Fructus lycii, Radix Angelicae Sinensis, lotus leaf, rose, stevia rebaudian leaf, xylo-oligosaccharide, yunna spiraea, Radix Stellariae Yunnanensis, dandelion, shrimp shell, antibiotic etc.,
The disease-resistant feed for the Tilapia mossambica fast-growth being configured to by a certain percentage, is fed；
3.2.12), put one month in a suitable place to breed after, imposed 180-200 kgs/acre of decomposed animal manure every 2 weeks, cultivate planktonic organism；
Animal and plant feed is fed simultaneously.
3.3), the feeding management of Tilapia mossambica commodity fish culture:
3.3.1), morning and evening inspection is carried out, checks whether marketable fish aquaculture pond occurs Tilapia mossambica flight, marketable fish aquaculture net cage
Whether broken by the teeth by mouse, such as leaky timely repairing；
3.3.2), pay attention to marketable fish aquaculture pond, the water quality of marketable fish aquaculture net cage, water temperature, SEA LEVEL VARIATION, regulate and control pond in time
Water water quality, water temperature, water level, it is ensured that pond water quality requirement: between pH value 6.8-8.0, the water mg/litre of 3-5 containing dissolved oxygen, molecules of ammonia is small
In 0.04 mg/litre；It is dynamic to can be carried out Tilapia mossambica marketable fish aquaculture pond, marketable fish aquaculture net cage water circulation and fine bourn, it can be throughout the year
Keep Tilapia mossambica marketable fish culturing pool water temperature at 28-32 DEG C；
3.3.3), scientific and reasonable dispensing feed；" four fixed four see " will be accomplished by feeding feed, and " four is fixed " is: when feeding feed,
Accomplish: timing, fixed point determine matter, are quantitative；After feeding feed, to accomplish " four see " is: seeing that whether Tilapia mossambica ingests normal, is
No eaten in 1-2 hours feeds material, sees whether pond water quality changes, whether there is or not unqualified, sees whether Tilapia mossambica activity is good,
Whether there is or not anoxic, sees whether Tilapia mossambica is healthy, have disease-free；
3.3.4), when dissolved oxygen is lower, fish has slight floating head, oxygen increasing pump or aerating pipe oxygenation are opened in time, or use
The method oxygenation of water is changed into Xin Shui, each quantity of exchanged water is 1/5th of water；It was found that timely medication is anti-when Tilapia mossambica disease
It controls.
3.3.5), feeding feed principle is: when temperature and low water temperature, throwing plant feed more, throws animal fodder, gas less
When mildly water temperature is high, throws animal fodder more, throw plant feed less.Water temperature is at 20 DEG C hereinafter, throwing animal feed accounts for 20-
30%, plant feed accounts for 70-80%；When water temperature is at 20-25 DEG C, animal and plant feed respectively accounts for half；When water temperature is in 25-32
DEG C when, animal fodder should account for 60-70%, and plant feed accounts for 30-40%；
3.3.6), water quality, the water temperature, water level management between typhoon, big waterfall Pluvial are carried out.
3.3.7), commodity Tilapia mossambica is after raising in 5-6 months, when its single cabrage is between 0.5-1.2 kilograms, so that it may
Fishing sale.Commodity Tilapia mossambica can give over to kind of a fish, carry out hatching breeding as parent population.
4), the raising of Tilapia mossambica adult fish, parent population:
4.1), the adult fish of Tilapia mossambica, parent population raising, can by come Tilapia mossambica breeding pond or breeding pool or breeding net cage in
Raising；
4.2), 1 month before cultivation, breeding pond, breeding pool, breeding net cage water level is made to be maintained at 1.40-1.60 meters, in pond
In water, the water surface sprinkles the decomposed storage excrement into 300-400 kilograms per acre, cultivates planktonic organism；
4.3), water quality requirement: between pH value 6.5-8.0, the water mg/litre of 3-5 containing dissolved oxygen, molecules of ammonia is less than 0.04 milli
Grams per liter；
4.4), water temperature requirement: water temperature is 28-32 DEG C；
4.5) duckweed, red duckweed, water hyacinth, waterweed, wheel blade, are put in a suitable place to breed in Tilapia mossambica breeding pond, breeding pool, breeding net cage
Black algae, eel grass, water plant account for the 65-70% of pond water surface area；
4.6) it is by force, without sick and wounded, single cabrage 0.8- that, adult fish, parent population, which can choose physical strong, energy in marketable fish,
1.0 kilograms, the Tilapia mossambica of neat specification, the Tilapia mossambica that can also introduce different cultivars is raised together；To realize hybrid new breed；
4.7), cultivation density: breeding pond per acre, breeding pool, breeding net cage waters put adult fish, parent population 1600-1800 tail in a suitable place to breed.
200 tails of Colossoma brachypomum/- 250 tails of mu/mu, silver carp, 50 tails of flathead/- 70 tails of mu/mu, 30 tails of grass carp/- 50 tails of mu/mu, dace are raised together simultaneously
30 tails/- 50 tails of mu/mu put 4000 tails of loach/- 6000 tails of mu/mu in a suitable place to breed.
4.8), adult fish, parent population, other fish the Chi Qianyao that enters carry out disinfection, with 3%~5% salt water dipping bath fish body 5
~10 minutes or 0.1 milligram every liter liquor potassic permanganate dipping bath fish bodies 10~15 minutes；The upper of fine day should be selected in by putting the fish time
Noon or dusk never put fish in rainy day or fine day high noon.
4.9), the raising of adult fish, parent population: Tilapia mossambica category ominivore-fish cultivates planktonic organism, animal except applying fertilizer in pond
Feeding is outer, should also feed the animals, plant feed such as fly maggot, silkworm chrysalis, earthworm, spiral shell freshwater mussel meat, bean dregs, wheat bran, rice bran, soya-bean cake；
4.10), feeding feed will accomplish that " four fixed four see " four is surely: timing, fixed point determine matter, are quantitative；It is wanted after feeding feed
Accomplish that four see and are: seeing whether Monopterus Albus Feeding normal, if eaten in 1-2 hours and fed material, see whether pond water quality changes,
Whether there is or not unqualified, see whether swamp eel activity is good, whether there is or not anoxic, see whether swamp eel is healthy, have disease-free；
4.11), feeding feed principle is: when temperature and low water temperature, throwing plant feed more, throws animal fodder, gas less
When mildly water temperature is high, throws animal fodder more, throw plant feed less.Water temperature is at 20 DEG C hereinafter, throwing animal feed accounts for 20-
30%, plant feed accounts for 70-80%；When water temperature is at 20-25 DEG C, animal and plant feed respectively accounts for half；When water temperature is in 25-32
DEG C when, animal fodder should account for 60-70%, and plant feed accounts for 30-40%；
4.12) it, feeds with earthworm, water silk earthworm, tadpole, fly maggot, wheel animalcule, small fish, pork liver, mussel meat, river prawn, Pomacea canaliculata
Meat, yolk, fishbone dust, sheep blood, yellow meal worm, multi-vitamins, minerals, oatmeal, dregs of beans, rapeseed cake, sesame-send cake, chicken giblets,
Choline chloride, Rehmannia glutinosa, zeolite powder, Prunella vulgaris, honeysuckle, peach kernel, Rhizoma Gastrodiae, anhydrous sodium sulphate, Chinese yam, Poria cocos, Radix Glycyrrhizae, fructus lycii, when
Return, lotus leaf, rose, stevia rebaudian leaf, xylo-oligosaccharide, yunna spiraea, Radix Stellariae Yunnanensis, dandelion, shrimp shell, antibiotic etc., by certain
The disease-resistant feed for the Tilapia mossambica fast-growth that ratio is configured to promotes Tilapia mossambica high-yield quick to grow；
4.13), the time of feed fed: when 5-6 every afternoon；
4.14), the method for feed fed: feed is disposably put into；
4.15) 3-5% that doses accounts for about total Tilapia mossambica weight, is fed every time, feeding doses and having been eaten with the next morning is advisable,
When water temperature is high, feeding doses can be increase accordingly；Water temperature can accordingly reduce feeding doses when low；
4.16) after, putting one month in a suitable place to breed, 180-250 kgs/acre of decomposed animal manure was imposed every 2 weeks, cultivated planktonic organism；Together
When feed animal and plant feed.
4.17), daily early, middle and late measurement water temperature, temperature, survey weekly 1 pH value, survey 2 transparencies；Early morning, night are each
Patrol breeding pond, breeding pool, breeding net cage 1 time.When discovery when dissolved oxygen is lower, fish has slight floating head, to open oxygen increasing pump in time
Or aerating pipe oxygenation, or using the method oxygenation for changing water into Xin Shui, each quantity of exchanged water is 1/5th of water.Observe milter
Beautiful wedding dark brown it is color, " digging nest " situation, raun enters nest pairing, and discovery raun oviposition carries out the hatching management of Tilapia mossambica, together
When prior harvesting other mixed breedings fish.
(3), the control method of Tilapia mossambica disease:
1), fish disease prevention and cure aims at prevention, and mainly takes strict control breeding density, adjusts cultivation water, feeds nutrition
Comprehensive and fresh feed, periodically sampling carry out body surface to fish and the measures such as dissection checks prevent.Once it was found that fish disease, is answered timely
It suits the remedy to the case treatment.General measures are as follows:
1.1), thoroughly pond is cleared and sterilized；
1.2), fry, fingerling strictly carry out disinfection before entering pond；
1.3) primary with 1 gram/cubic metre, 90% trichlorphon full pool spilling head, under fry, fingerling behind pond.After half a month with 1
~2 gram/cubic metre bleaching powder: 28% effective chlorine spilled once；
1.4) it, keeps water quality fertile, living, tender, refreshing, is in alkalescence；
1.5), dead fish should be pulled out in time, be buried in the earth after disinfection；
1.6), used apparatus will embathe disinfection in sick fishpond, and sick fishpond water is non-sterile arbitrarily to be discharged；
1.7), prevent summer streptococcus from occurring, summer sweltering heat can periodically use lime disinfection, use 25-35 per acre
Kilogram quick lime, is suitably added and subtracted, can not feed feed after infecting streptococcus will increase the death rate in this way according to the water level depth；Such as
Fruit has good water source fish pond that can intake, and causing streptococcus to occur is mainly that temperature height is distributed plus the low mud in the pool by high temperature
Pernicious gas pollution water quality causes Tilapia mossambica long term hypoxia and disease resistance to reduce out；
1.8), the use of fish medicine must splash medicine and medicine for oral administration in strict accordance with State Council, Ministry of Agriculture's pertinent regulations, external application
Suggested use and dosage should meet the regulation of marine industry standard " pollution-free food drugs used in aquiculture usage criteria (NY5071-2002) ".
Four), the harvesting of Tilapia mossambica with reserve seed for planting:
1) after, Rofe fry trade product fish takes pains to foster cultivation, growth is fast, disease-free, and the cultivation by 6-7 months is
Can reach 0.8~1.2 tail of commodity Tilapia mossambica specification/kilogram, sale can be fished；
2), commodity Tilapia mossambica can give over to adult fish, and next year as Tilapia mossambica, raises up seed.
Five), the disease-resistant feed formula of Tilapia mossambica fast-growth:
1) the disease-resistant feed formula one of Tilapia mossambica fast-growth: raw material composition by weight, 20 kilograms of dregs of beans, wheat bran 20
Kilogram, 15 kilograms of fishbone dust, 5 kilograms of rapeseed cake, 10 kilograms of rice chaff, 10 kilograms of chicken giblets, 2 kilograms of lotus leaf, 1 kilogram of rose, sweet tea
3 kilograms of chrysanthemum leaf, 2 kilograms of xylo-oligosaccharide, 3 kilograms of yunna spiraea, 2 kilograms of Radix Stellariae Yunnanensis, 2 kilograms of dandelion, 3 kilograms of small shrimp,
2 kilograms of phagostimulant；
2), the disease-resistant feed formula two of Tilapia mossambica fast-growth: raw material composition by weight, raw material group by weight
At, 20 kilograms of earthworm, 20 kilograms of yellow meal worm, 20 kilograms of fly maggot, 5 kilograms of small fish, 15 kilograms of dregs of beans, 5 kilograms of fishbone dust, compound
2 kilograms of vitamin, 1 kilogram of minerals, 2 kilograms of Prunella vulgaris, 3 kilograms of honeysuckle, 3 kilograms of Rhizoma Gastrodiae, 4 kilograms of anhydrous sodium sulphate.
3), the disease-resistant feed formula three of Tilapia mossambica fast-growth: raw material composition by weight, 20 kilograms of water silk earthworm, river
18 kilograms of freshwater mussel meat, 10 kilograms of yolk, 5 kilograms of fishbone dust, 7 kilograms of small shrimp, 15 kilograms of sesame-send cake, 4 kilograms of choline chloride, zeolite
12 kilograms of powder, 2 kilograms of Prunella vulgaris, 3 kilograms of honeysuckle, 2 kilograms of Chinese yam, 1 kilogram of Radix Glycyrrhizae, 1 kilogram of fructus lycii.
4), the disease-resistant feed formula four of Tilapia mossambica fast-growth: raw material composition by weight, 20 kilograms of Pomacea canaliculata meat,
18 kilograms of pork liver, 12 kilograms of sheep blood, 15 kilograms of chicken giblets, 5 kilograms of fishbone dust, 15 kilograms of oatmeal, 3 kilograms of Rehmannia glutinosa, Prunella vulgaris 2
Kilogram, 2 kilograms of honeysuckle, 3 kilograms of fructus lycii, 2 kilograms of choline chloride, 3 kilograms of antibiotic.
5), the disease-resistant feed formula five of Tilapia mossambica fast-growth: raw material composition by weight, corn 25, wheat 20, earthworm
15 kilograms of earthworm, 15 kilograms of sesame-send cake, 5 kilograms of shrimp powder, 5 kilograms of chicken liver meal, 5 kilograms of river snails rice noodle, 5 kilograms of hornwort powder, salt 2
Kilogram, 3 kilograms of phagostimulant.
6), the disease-resistant feed formula six of Tilapia mossambica fast-growth: raw material composition by weight, 20 kilograms of tadpole, earthworm
18 kilograms, 12 kilograms of small fish, 10 kilograms of wheel animalcule, 10 kilograms of water silk earthworm, 10 kilograms of rapeseed cake, 2 kilograms of peach kernel, 3 kilograms of Rhizoma Gastrodiae,
2 kilograms of Poria cocos, 1 kilogram of choline chloride, 2 kilograms of Radix Angelicae Sinensis.
Detailed description of the invention: attached drawing 1: the kind fish of Tilapia mossambica,
Attached drawing 2: high-quality Tilapia mossambica prelarva seedling.
Specific embodiment:
That introduces Mozambique Tilapia mossambica utilizes solar energy high-yield quick breeding method, in the Tilapia mossambica breeding Chi Shangshe sun
Energy photovoltaic battery panel equation, using solar power generation, electricity consumption can be carried out the water supply to breeding pond, water temperature regulation, keep water temperature
At 25-32 DEG C；The suspend mode of Tilapia mossambica is eliminated, the new method of the high-yield quick breeding Tilapia mossambica without suspend mode is created；Carry out Tilapia mossambica
The selection in breeding pond, creation；Establish Tilapia mossambica breeding pool, breeding net cage, nursery pond, seedling net cage, marketable fish culture pond, commodity
Fish cultivates net cage, and Rofe fishpond escape-proof fence carries out the clear pond of sterilizing；In pond, culture transferring water plant in net cage, carry out to Rofe
Hatching, the breeding of fish, nursery, commodity fish culture, adult fish, parent population raising；Using Rofe fingerling, during breeding, parent is determined
Fish, the different size of fry, rational density, the scientific and reasonable disease-resistant feed for feeding Tilapia mossambica fast-growth, to carry out Tilapia mossambica numerous
Feeding disease control；It excludes to use industrial fits feed and drug during Tilapia mossambica breeding, be raised using natural animal, biology
Material carries out the nascent state breeding of science.
(1), the selection and creation in Tilapia mossambica breeding pond:
1), Tilapia mossambica breeding pond selects environment quiet, hidding and sunny side, has abundant water resources, and water quality is good, and water, soil is pollution-free, row
Fill convenient；The place of traffic convenience, bottom of pond is smooth, and sediment of pond is with a thickness of 15-30 centimetres.The slope Chi Geng ratio is 1: 1.5, creates sieve
Non- fish breeding pond.
1.1), at the 2.5-3 rice in Tilapia mossambica breeding pond overhead, by Tilapia mossambica breeding pond overhead per acre, by filling 440 squares
The solar photovoltaic cell panel equation of rice builds the solar power station that generated energy is 50 kilowatts on ground.Solar photovoltaic cell panel
Solar thermal energy is converted direct current energy by the thermal energy for receiving the sun, and direct current energy inputs the sun through transmission pressure, by direct current energy
The solar energy inversion manifold in energy power station is changed into alternating current；A part access Tilapia mossambica breeding system of alternating current is used by oneself,
Extra a part is sold to power grid, it, can be to power grid power purchase when electricity consumption is inadequate；Personal electric energy part is used as numerous to Tilapia mossambica
Feeding illumination, power, water supply and water quality, water level, water temperature to the heating of the well water in Tilapia mossambica breeding pond, Tilapia mossambica breeding water
Control, adjust and the fine bourn of breeding water is moved etc..
2), the selection and creation of Tilapia mossambica breeding pool, breeding net cage:
2.1), Tilapia mossambica breeding pool, breeding net cage selection environment quiet, hidding and sunny side, have abundant water resources, water quality it is good, water,
Soil is pollution-free, irrigation and drainage are convenient；The place of traffic convenience, bottom of pond is smooth, bottom of pond mud is with a thickness of 20-30 centimetres, and the slope Chi Geng ratio is 1:
1.2, creation Tilapia mossambica breeding pool, breeding net cage.
2.2), every open area of Tilapia mossambica breeding pool: 66-110 meters a length of, width is 30 meters, and area is 1980-3300 squares
Rice, is advisable with 3-5 mus；
2.3), the depth of water of Tilapia mossambica breeding pool is 1.20-1.5 meters, and the depth of water most depth is 1.5-2 meters；
2.4), water quality requirement: between pH value 6.8-8.0, the water mg/litre of 3-5 containing dissolved oxygen, molecules of ammonia is less than 0.04 milli
Grams per liter；It can be carried out Tilapia mossambica breeding water circulation and fine bourn be dynamic, keep Tilapia mossambica breeding water water temperature at 25-32 DEG C；
2.5), ooxygenation facility is set: every 8-10 meters before and after bottom of pond, long 20-25 meters of aerating pipe (oxygen supplying tube) 1 is set
Item, every pond set 8-10 item, and in every face Kou Chi equipped with paddle aerator one that power is 2 kilowatts, it is ensured that Tilapia mossambica breeding
Water oxygenation needs；
2.6), dig a well and set pipe armored pump: in the quadrangle of every mouthful of Tilapia mossambica breeding pool, each a bite diameter that excavates is 2 meters, and well head is straight
Diameter is 1.2 meters, the well that depth is 8-10 meters；The PVC that bottom is laid with that " well " font diameter is 3 cun in Tilapia mossambica breeding pool is intake
Pipe, above PVC water supplying pipe, boring 1 diameter at interval of 10 centimetres is 2 millimeters towards day hole, may be used as into water, adjusts water
Matter, water level, water temperature and the new water of supply and keep fine bourn dynamic；Facing bottom into well by 1 diameter is filled in well head is 3 cun of Yang Chengwei
13-15 meters of immersible pump, submersible pump outlet connect a side port of PVC water supplying pipe nearby, in another side port of water supplying pipe, connect 90 degree
After elbow connects 1.5 meters of PVC straight tubes towards day, then connect after 90 degree of elbows by the dress regulating valve flow velocity and flow made adjustments into water；
By solar energy conversion from electricity consumption, well water is converted into required water temperature by electric heating, and enable immersible pump, well water is used as
It supplies water and adjusts water quality, water level, water temperature and the new water of supply of Tilapia mossambica breeding pool and keep water fine bourn dynamic；
2.7), create nascent state breeding condition: by the Chi Geng of four perimeters of Tilapia mossambica breeding pool be made into it is 1.8-2 meters wide, from
The Chi Geng that bottom of pond is 2.2-2.5 meters a height of, the slope Chi Geng ratio is 1: 1.2, bottom of pond mud is with a thickness of 20~30 centimetres, in pond face culture transferring water
Grass, creation allow the milter of heat to find place in pond and do the condition of nest, make Tilapia mossambica natural propagation.
2.8), in breeding water domain cultivation water hyacinth grass, waterweed, hydrilla verticillata, eel grass, spray sward；
2.9) an a length of 1.8-, is opened at horizontal line every 10 meters of standardized horizontal lines on the surface on the Tilapia mossambica breeding pool ridge
2 meters, wide 30 centimetres, the pipe trench that depth is 30-40 centimetres, it is 25 centimetres that diameter is embedded in pipe trench, a length of 1.8-2 meters of pvc pipe,
Soil is filled in back in pipe trench, be embedded to diameter is 25 centimetres, and a length of 1.8-2 meters of pvc pipe is used as Tilapia mossambica and breeds as overflow pipe
The self-draining in pond is used；
2.10), in the overflow pipe water inlet nylon wire of 25 mesh, nozzle is sealed, to prevent the flight of Rofe fry；
2.11), keep water water level, fine bourn dynamic: the water inlet of Tilapia mossambica breeding water is by being embedded in " well " of bottom of pond
The PVC water inlet pipe that the diameter of font is 3 cun enters, and extra water is discharged by overflow pipe, is not only able to maintain the control of water level, and
And can ensure that the pico- flowing of water, it keeps water to be in running water state, is conducive to the quick breeding of Tilapia mossambica；
2.12) batch production vinyl house, is set up, it is ensured that pond water temperature: in order to ensure Tilapia mossambica breeding pool can be kept throughout the year
Water temperature obtains condition, the purpose of high-yield quick breeding Tilapia mossambica at 25-32 DEG C, can in solar photovoltaic cell panel equation and
Batch production vinyl house is set up above Tilapia mossambica breeding pool overcomes northern China cold snap to improve the thermal efficiency of solar energy
It is interfered using temperature control of the solar energy to high-yield quick breeding Tilapia mossambica；
2.13), the type water temperature adjustment method of Tilapia mossambica breeding pool: well water has the characteristics that constant temperature cool in summer and warm in winter, in general feelings
Under condition, winter-spring season well water water temperature is between 10-12 DEG C, and summer and autumn, well water water temperature was between 13-18 DEG C；In summer and autumn, weather
The highest temperature is between 38-43 DEG C, and open country temperature is up to 55-60 DEG C, and the water temperature of Tilapia mossambica breeding pool can be unfavorable at 38-50 DEG C
In the flourish of Tilapia mossambica, at this point it is possible to make sieve by the well water of 13-18 DEG C of the injection into Tilapia mossambica breeding pool to reach
Water temperature cooling in non-fish breeding pool, reaches the requirement of 25-32 DEG C of required ideal water temperatures, it is raw to be conducive to Tilapia mossambica high-yield quick
It is long；Winter-spring season, for temperature close between -6 DEG C to 18 DEG C, open country temperature at this time can be between -7 DEG C to 20 DEG C, at this time
Tilapia mossambica breeding pool subglacial water temperature is 0 DEG C or more, when temperature is high, and water temperature is 10-18 DEG C；It can use what solar energy was sent out at this time
Electricity heats well water by the electric heating exchange to well water, well water water temperature is heated between 40-50 DEG C, according to practical need
Heated well water is inputted into Tilapia mossambica breeding pool, Tilapia mossambica breeding pool is made to reach the requirement of 25-32 DEG C of required ideal water temperatures,
Conducive to the growth of winter-spring season Tilapia mossambica high-yield quick；Using solar energy electricity, electric heating exchange heating, Ke Yili are carried out to well water
With the temperature persistance of well water, electricity consumption is saved, the effective use to solar energy is conducive to, keep it environmentally friendly and energy saving, obtained fast
The benefit of fast high yield breeding Tilapia mossambica；In Various Seasonal, solar energy electric energy obtained can use, nearby using local water
Source adjusts water level, the water quality, water temperature in Tilapia mossambica breeding pond；
2.14), build net cage for breeding tilapia: a length of 5 meters of net cage for breeding tilapia, width are 4 meters, and each net cage is 20 flat
The square water surface；Breed the 75-80% that the net cage setting gross area is water area, per acre water surface setting net cage for breeding tilapia 24-25；
Breeding net cage is set in row, and breeds net cage and is arranged with central area of 1 meter from water side, between cabinet between be divided into 0.5 meter；It is numerous
It grows net cage to be made into the polyethylene that mesh is 25 mesh without tubercle mesh sheet, net cage for breeding tilapia inserts in length with four moso bamboo bars respectively
5 meters, in wide 4 meters of four angle points, mesh sheet is fixed on bamboo bar quadrangle with iron wire, breeding net cage is 2.0-2.2 meters a height of, underwater portion
It is 1.6-1.8 meters, above water is 0.4 meter；The soil of bottom filling 30-30 cm thick, fills net cage bottom in breeding net cage
Tap touching bottom of pond soil；It breeds net cage to cultivate first 15 days in Rofe fingerling cartonning, inputs 1.4-1.6 meters high from bottom of pond deep water,
When breeding net cage enters water, water hyacinth, waterweed, hydrilla verticillata, eel grass, spray sward are transplanted in breeding net cage；Water plant is covered
Capping product accounts for the 65-75% of breeding net cage water area.
3), the selection and creation of Tilapia mossambica nursery pond, seedling net cage:
3.1), Tilapia mossambica nursery pond, seedling net cage selection environment quiet, hidding and sunny side, have abundant water resources, water quality it is good, water,
Soil is pollution-free, irrigation and drainage are convenient；The place of traffic convenience, bottom of pond is smooth, bottom of pond mud is with a thickness of 10-20 centimetres, and the slope Chi Geng ratio is 1:
1.2, create Tilapia mossambica nursery pond, seedling net cage.
3.2), nursery pool area: 30 meters wide with 90-110 meters long, 2640-3300 square metres of area, 4-5 mus are advisable；
3.3), the nursery pond depth of water: the depth of water is 1.40-1.60 meters, and most depth is 1.6-2.0 meters；
3.4), nursery pond water quality requirement: between pH value 6.5-8.0, water is greater than 3-5 mg/litre containing dissolved oxygen, and molecules of ammonia is small
In 0.04 mg/litre；Water temperature is 28-32 DEG C, and it is dynamic to can be carried out water circulation fine bourn；
3.5) every 8-10 meters before and after bottom of pond, long 20-25 meters of gas explosion, nursery pond setting aerating pipe and oxygen increasing pump: is set
It manages (oxygen supplying tube) 1, every pond, which sets 10-11 item, to be advisable；In every mouthful of larval rearing water face, the vane type oxygenation for being 3 kilowatts equipped with power
One, machine, it is ensured that water is for oxygen demand；
3.6), nursery pond digs a well, sets intake-discharge pipe line, sets immersible pump, intakes, draining, water quality, water temperature, water level
Regulation, the dynamic requirement of fine bourn, by Tilapia mossambica breeding pool requirement setting；
3.7), set Tilapia mossambica seedling net cage: seedling net cage is 3 meters wide with 4 meters long, and every net cage water surface is 12 square metres；Net
The 75-80% that the gross area is Tilapia mossambica larval rearing water area is arranged in case, and Tilapia mossambica seedling net cage 42- is arranged in the nursery pond water surface per acre
45；Net cage is set in row, and net cage is arranged with central area of 1 meter from water side, between cabinet between be divided into 0.5 meter；Nursery
Net cage is made into the polyethylene that mesh is 25 mesh without tubercle mesh sheet, and Tilapia mossambica seedling net cage inserts in long 4 with four moso bamboo bars respectively
Meter, in wide 3 meters of four angle points, mesh sheet is fixed on bamboo bar quadrangle with iron wire；Net cage is 2.0-2.2 meters a height of, and underwater portion is
1.4-1.8 meters, above water is 0.4 meter, 8-10 centimetres from nursery pond bottom of seedling net cage bottom, net cage bottom not contact chamber bed mud
Soil；Seedling net cage is 15 days before Tilapia mossambica prelarva enters net cage seedling nursery, after sterilizing to nursery pond, inputs 1.4-1.8 high from bottom of pond
The water of meter Shen.
4), the selection and creation of Tilapia mossambica marketable fish aquaculture pond, aquaculture net cage:
4.1), Tilapia mossambica marketable fish aquaculture pond, aquaculture net cage selection environment quiet, hidding and sunny side, have abundant water resources, water quality it is good
Good, water, soil is pollution-free, irrigation and drainage are convenient；The place of traffic convenience, bottom of pond is smooth, bottom of pond mud is with a thickness of 20~30 centimetres, the slope Chi Geng
Than being 1: 1.2, Tilapia mossambica marketable fish aquaculture pond, aquaculture net cage are created.
4.2), marketable fish cultivates pool area: it is 30 meters wide with 88-100 meters long, 2640-3300 square metres, be with 4-5 mus
Preferably；
4.3), the marketable fish aquaculture pond depth of water: for the depth of water at 1.60-1.80 meters, most depth is 2 meters；
4.4), water quality requirement: between pH value 6.5-8.0, water is greater than 4-5 mg/litre containing dissolved oxygen, and molecules of ammonia is less than 0.04
Mg/litre；It can be carried out water to circulate, water temperature is 28-32 DEG C；
4.5) every 9-10 meters before and after bottom of pond, long 20-25, marketable fish aquaculture pond setting aerating pipe and oxygen increasing pump: is set
Rice aerating pipe (oxygen supplying tube) 1, every pond, which sets 7-8 item, to be advisable；It is 3 kilowatts equipped with power in every mouthful of marketable fish aquaculture pond water surface
Paddle aerator one, it is ensured that water is for oxygen demand；
4.6), marketable fish aquaculture pond digs a well, sets intake-discharge pipe line, sets immersible pump, intakes, draining, water quality, water
The regulation of temperature, water level, the dynamic requirement of fine bourn, is arranged by Tilapia mossambica breeding pool requirement；
4.7) marketable fish aquaculture net cage, is set, marketable fish aquaculture net cage is 4 meters wide with 5 meters long, and every net cage water surface is 20 flat
80% that the gross area is marketable fish culturing pool area is arranged in square rice, net cage, and marketable fish is arranged in the marketable fish aquaculture pond water surface per acre
Aquaculture net cage 25-26 is only；Net cage is set in row, and net cage is arranged with central area of 1 meter from water side, between cabinet between be divided into
0.5 meter, marketable fish aquaculture net cage is made into the polyethylene that mesh is 25 mesh without tubercle mesh sheet, four hairs of marketable fish aquaculture net cage
Bamboo bar inserts in 5 meters long respectively, and in wide 4 meters of four angle points, mesh sheet is fixed on moso bamboo bar quadrangle with iron wire；The a height of 2.0- of net cage
2.2 meters, underwater portion is 1.6-1.8 meters, and above water is 0.4 meter, and 30-35 cm thick is inserted in marketable fish aquaculture net cage
Soil makes net cage bottom come into full contact with bottom of pond soil；Marketable fish aquaculture net cage is 15 days before Rofe seedling fish cartonning, through to marketable fish
After the disinfection of aquaculture pond, inputs 1.6-1.8 meters high from bottom of pond deep water and moved in net cage when marketable fish aquaculture net cage enters water
Plant water hyacinth, waterweed, hydrilla verticillata, eel grass, spray sward；Water plant area coverage accounts for the 65-75% of net cage water area.
5) escaping-preventing facilities, are carried out: sealing the supply and discharge mouth of a river with the stainless steel window gauze of 35 mesh at the supply and discharge mouth of a river in each pond, and
It is fastened with iron wire, prevents Tilapia mossambica from fleeing.
6), the clear pond of sterilizing: removing excessive mud, only stay 10-30 centimetres, complete with Chi Quan pond of the quick lime to each creation
Whole to splash, 160-180 kilograms of dosage per acre reaches thoroughly that pond is cleared and sterilized；Weeds weeds is removed, germ is killed, improves bottom of pond
Quality, after splashing quick lime 7 days, it is primary to let off water, allows and excludes dirt, then shines pond and adds the depth of water to 1.4-1.8 after 4-6 days
Rice.
7), in Tilapia mossambica breeding pool, net cage for breeding tilapia, nursery pond, seedling net cage, marketable fish aquaculture pond, marketable fish
To have planted water plant in aquaculture net cage: one pond of breeding, a net cage Tilapia mossambica first have to kind of a pond, a net cage water plant, create numerous
Support the nascent state environment of Tilapia mossambica；Water plant is that Tilapia mossambica likes one of natural bait eaten, and can play good purified water
Effect, and be the place that Tilapia mossambica inhabited, hid enemy；The area for supporting plant water plant should account for 2/3rds of pond, should not mistake
More, principal item has duckweed, red duckweed, waterweed, hydrilla verticillata, eel grass, water hyacinth grass；Duckweed, red duckweed, water hyacinth grass, wheel blade
Based on transplanting, eel grass is planted with seeding method for black algae, waterweed；In breeding pool, breeding net cage, nursery pond, seedling net cage, quotient
Transplanting water plant is 2/3rds of pond and the net cage water surface in product fish culture pond, marketable fish aquaculture net cage.
(2), the breeding method of Tilapia mossambica:
1), the hatching method of Tilapia mossambica:
1.1), Tilapia mossambica hatches characteristic: sexal maturity is reached after Growth Op Tilapia 6 months, the raun of 250-350 grams of weight cherishes ovum
Amount is mostly between 1200-1500, and during breeding, milter has beautiful wedding dark brown color, and abdomen has anus and urogenital hole two
A mouth, squeezing abdomen has white sperm to flow out, and raun abdomen has 3 holes, i.e. anus, gonopore and uropoiesis hole.Water temperature 18~32
DEG C, mature milter has " digging nest " ability, and mature raun matches into nest, it is simultaneously contained in oral cavity at once by output mature egg, makes
Ovum fertilization, fertilized eggs are developed in raun oral cavity, as water temperature 25-32, can hatch juvenile fish within 4-5 days.Juvenile fish is to yolk bag
It disappears and leaves parent when there is a capability.
1.2), the suitable water temperature of Tilapia mossambica hatching is 22-32 DEG C, the natural spawning generally after mid-May.To rob season
Section, light, heat and the feed resource of solar energy are made full use of, to improve cultured output, it is necessary to take using solar energy to breeding pool,
Breeding net cage heats, and so that breeding pool, breeding net cage water temperature is reached 22-32 DEG C, reinforced cultivating, the spring is numerous ahead of time, makes Tilapia mossambica in April
Seedling is incubated in the middle ten days oviposition；Concrete measure is as follows:
1.2.1), parent population selection and cultivate: the physical strong, energy of selection is strong, without sick and wounded, growth period at 6 months or more,
The good Tilapia mossambica of sexal maturity is parent population, in mid-March, is put into breeding pool or breeding net cage is reinforced cultivating, breeding pool can be selected
With overwintering breeding pond；6 tail parent populations are put in a suitable place to breed in every square metre of breeding pool or breeding net cage, and female-male proportion 2: 1 or 3: 1 is wanted simultaneously
It refreshes the water periodically, feed.
1.2.2), heat and feeding management: pool inner water temperature should be controlled at 22-30 DEG C, and water quality requirement is fertile, living, refreshing, feeding amount
Depending on water temperature, water quality and the growing state of fish；In the breeding pool or breeding net cage of hydrostatic, daily feeding amount is parent population weight
2%, flowing water pond is 3%.Meanwhile the activity condition and gonad development degree of parent population are often observed, carry out every record.
1.2.3), lay eggs: Tilapia mossambica male and female fish body color has apparent difference, and the milter of heat moves about in pool side, finds ground
Point does nest.The shape of nest be pot-shaped, 30-40 centimetres of diameter, 10 centimetres of depth or so.After nest is built up, milter arrives the female shoal of fish frequently
In tease, and intercept raun enter nest pairing.When water temperature reaches 22-23 DEG C, raun just can lay eggs.When oviposition, raun abdomen is leaned on
Nearly nest bottom, milter are guarded by nest, and after raun oviposition, immediately by ovum suction inlet, prominent lower jaw drum is in cryptomere.Milter enters nest immediately
Sperm drainage, raun is again by sperm in bilge suction.Ovum is fertilized in oral cavity.
1.2.4), incubate seedling: in water quality: between pH value 6.5-8.0, the water mg/litre of 3-5 containing dissolved oxygen, molecules of ammonia is less than
0.04 mg/litre；Water temperature is 25-32 DEG C, and water recycles in the dynamic water of fine bourn, and tilapia oosperm is incubated in raun oral cavity
Change, and stirred with the breathing of raun, has not only obtained the protection of parent, but also there is good environment of hatching.In water temperature in 25-32
DEG C when, hatch fry within about 4-5 days.
1.2.5), points for attention are bred: in numerous Tilapia mossambica seedlings, the children that is bred out using Tilapia mossambica interspecific hybridization
The features such as seedling, these seedlings speed of growth due to having heterosis, hybrid vigor is fast, and individual is big, and cold resistance is good, and male ratio is high, commodity valence
Value is high.Its product name, mainly has: Ao Ni, miscellaneous, Tilapia difficult to understand, unisexuality Tilapia mossambica etc..In the breeding process, seedling is screened
Quality is good, the speed of growth is most fast, and the highest seedling of male ratio is put in a suitable place to breed.
1.2.6), the Tilapia mossambica young baby fish hatched first feeds soft-boiled eggs Huang, soya-bean milk, small fish slurry, water silk earthworm slurry etc., with Rofe
Fish constantly grow up, except pond fertilising in addition to, the later period should also feed fly maggot, silkworm chrysalis, earthworm, spiral shell freshwater mussel meat, bean dregs, wheat bran, rice bran,
The animals such as soya-bean cake, plant feed can carry out nursery after 1 month cultivates.
1.2.7), using the method for solar energy high-yield quick breeding Tilapia mossambica, the breeding of Tilapia mossambica is made to be maintained at pond throughout the year
Coolant-temperature gage carries out in 28-32 DEG C, eliminates the dormant period of Growth Op Tilapia, makes Tilapia mossambica fast-growth, so that Rofe
Fish realizes autumn and winter hatching breeding, and quantity, the speed of hatching breeding Tilapia mossambica are increased at training.Make high-yield quick breeding sieve
Non- fish is achieved.
2), the nursery of Tilapia mossambica:
2.1), the nursery of Tilapia mossambica carries out in nursery pond or seedling net cage；
2.2), the method for culturing seedlings of Tilapia mossambica:
2.2.1), 1 month before nursery, nursery pond or nursery box water level is made to be maintained at 1.40-1.60 meters, in pool water within,
The water surface sprinkles the decomposed storage excrement into 250-300 kilograms per acre, cultivates planktonic organism；
2.2.2), water quality requirement: between pH value 6.5-8.0, the water mg/litre of 3-5 containing dissolved oxygen, molecules of ammonia is less than 0.04 milli
Grams per liter；
2.2.3), water temperature requirement: water temperature is 28-32 DEG C；
2.2.4), duckweed, red duckweed, water hyacinth, the waterweed, wheel to be put in a suitable place to breed in Tilapia mossambica nursery pond or in seedling net cage
The black algae of leaf, eel grass etc., water plant put the 65-70% for accounting for water face in a suitable place to breed；
2.2.5), the physical strong, energy of fry selection it is strong, without it is sick and wounded, a length of 2-3 centimetres of prelarva seedling, neat specification
Fry, choose disease fry and dead seedling；
2.2.6), seedling density: every square metre of cultivation prelarva 120-150 tail；
2.2.7), before fry enters nursery pond, seedling net cage, to carry out disinfection, with 3%~5% salt water dipping bath fish body 5
~10 minutes, the morning or dusk that the fry time should be selected in fine day are put, never puts fry in rainy day or fine day high noon.
2.2.8), the feeding method of feed: daily bait throwing in 2 times, in nursery pond, educate at o'clock in the morning 8-9 at 5-6 o'clock in the afternoon
Dispersion is fed in seedling net cage.
2.2.9), feed forage volume: feeding forage volume and fed by the 2-3% of fry total weight, feeding volume can rest in
Eating up within feed 2 hours is advisable.
2.2.10), daily early, middle and late measurement water temperature, temperature, survey weekly 1 pH value, survey 2 transparencies；Early morning, night
Respectively patrol nursery pond, seedling net cage 1 time.When dissolved oxygen is lower, fish has slight floating head, oxygen increasing pump is opened in time or aerating pipe increases
Oxygen, or using changing the method oxygenation of water into Xin Shui, each quantity of exchanged water be nursery pond, seedling net cage 1/5th.
2.2.11), under fry after nursery pond, seedling net cage, to keep water in dark brown, transparency is 25~30 lis
Rice；It applies fertilizer 1 time weekly, applies 150~200 kilograms of animal manure fertilizer per acre every time.When fine, water transparency is greater than 30 centimetres
Dose can suitably be increased；When water quality overfertilization, it should reduce or stop applying fertilizer.
2.2.12), adhere to healthy aquaculture, by guidelines, prevent fish disease.Under fry after nursery pond, seedling net cage, every
10-15 days, 20-25 kilograms of quick lime water full pool spilling head is used per acre, and adjusting water pH value is in alkalescence, is changed with biological agent
Kind pond microorganism structure, improves water quality.
2.2.13), the feed of fry is planktonic organism, feeds ripe yolk, soya-bean milk, fresh small fish slurry, earthworm slurry；Fish
When seedling grows larger, the disease-resistant feed of fast-growth can be fed；When fry is long to 5-6 centimetres, pond can be gone out and formed.
3), the cultivation of commodity Tilapia mossambica:
3.1), forming for commodity Tilapia mossambica is formed in marketable fish aquaculture pond or marketable fish aquaculture net cage；
3.2), the cultural method of commodity Tilapia mossambica:
3.2.1), 1 month before cultivation, marketable fish aquaculture pond or marketable fish aquaculture net cage water level is made to be maintained at 1.40-
1.60 meters, in pool water within, the water surface sprinkles the decomposed storage excrement into 300-400 kilograms per acre, cultivates planktonic organism；
3.2.2), water quality requirement: between pH value 6.5-8.0, the water mg/litre of 3-5 containing dissolved oxygen, molecules of ammonia is less than 0.04 milli
Grams per liter；
3.2.3), water temperature requirement: water temperature is 28-32 DEG C；
3.2.4), put in a suitable place to breed in Tilapia mossambica marketable fish aquaculture pond or in marketable fish aquaculture net cage duckweed, red duckweed, water hyacinth,
Waterweed, hydrilla verticillata, eel grass, water plant account for the 65-70% of pond water surface area；
3.2.5), fry selection is physical strong, energy is strong, a length of 5-6 centimetres without sick and wounded, fry, the fish of neat specification
Seedling chooses disease fry and dead seedling, and peach milter seedlings as more as possible are put in a suitable place to breed；
3.2.6), breeding density: 1500 tails of Tilapia mossambica fry/- 1900 tails of mu/mu, -320 tail of 220 tails of Colossoma brachypomum/mu/
Mu, silver carp, 40 tails of flathead/- 80 tails of mu/mu, 25 tails of grass carp/- 55 tails of mu/mu, 25 tails of dace/- 55 tails of mu/mu, put in a suitable place to breed 5000 tail of loach/
Mu -8000 tails/mu.The dispensing of Tilapia mossambica fry can also be close using early period, later period dilute stocking method, with commodity Tilapia mossambica
Grow up, divide pond reduce cultivation density；The output capacity in fishpond can be improved in this way.
3.2.7), fry enters Chi Qianyao and carries out disinfection, with salt water dipping bath fish body 5~10 minutes of 3%~5%, or it is every
Rise liquor potassic permanganate dipping bath fish body 10~15 minutes of 0.1 milligram；The morning or dusk that the fry time should be selected in fine day are put, is cut
Avoid and puts fry in rainy day or fine day high noon.
3.2.8), the feeding method of feed: feed is disposably put into；In marketable fish aquaculture pond or marketable fish aquaculture net cage
Middle dispersion is fed.
3.2.9), the time of feed fed: when 5-6 every afternoon；
3.2.10), feed forage volume: feeding forage volume and fed by the 2-3% of fry total weight, feeding volume can rest in
Eating up within feed 2 hours is advisable.
3.2.11), after marketable fish fry is launched, the feed of fry is planktonic organism, yolk, soya-bean milk, fresh small fish slurry,
Earthworm slurry；Earthworm, water silk earthworm, tadpole, fly maggot, wheel animalcule, small fish, pork liver, mussel meat, small shrimp, Pomacea canaliculata meat, wheat, wheat
Bran, corn flour, fishbone dust, sheep blood, yellow meal worm, multi-vitamins, minerals, oatmeal, dregs of beans, Cottonseed Meal, rapeseed cake, sesame
Cake, chicken giblets, choline chloride, Rehmannia glutinosa, zeolite powder, Prunella vulgaris, honeysuckle, peach kernel, Rhizoma Gastrodiae, anhydrous sodium sulphate, Chinese yam, Poria cocos, Radix Glycyrrhizae,
Fructus lycii, Radix Angelicae Sinensis, lotus leaf, rose, stevia rebaudian leaf, xylo-oligosaccharide, yunna spiraea, Radix Stellariae Yunnanensis, dandelion, shrimp shell, antibiotic etc.,
The disease-resistant feed for the Tilapia mossambica fast-growth being configured to by a certain percentage, is fed；
3.2.12), after putting one month in a suitable place to breed, 180-200 kgs/acre of decomposed animal manure was imposed every 2 weeks, cultivated planktonic organism；
Animal and plant feed is fed simultaneously.
3.3), the feeding management of Tilapia mossambica commodity fish culture:
3.3.1), morning and evening inspection is carried out, checks whether marketable fish aquaculture pond occurs Tilapia mossambica flight, marketable fish aquaculture net cage
Whether broken by the teeth by mouse, such as leaky timely repairing；
3.3.2), pay attention to marketable fish aquaculture pond, the water quality of marketable fish aquaculture net cage, water temperature, SEA LEVEL VARIATION, regulate and control pond in time
Water water quality, water temperature, water level, it is ensured that pond water quality requirement: between pH value 6.8-8.0, the water mg/litre of 3-5 containing dissolved oxygen, molecules of ammonia is small
In 0.04 mg/litre；It is dynamic to can be carried out Tilapia mossambica marketable fish aquaculture pond, marketable fish aquaculture net cage water circulation and fine bourn, it can be throughout the year
Keep Tilapia mossambica marketable fish culturing pool water temperature at 28-32 DEG C；
3.3.3), scientific and reasonable dispensing feed；" four fixed four see " will be accomplished by feeding feed, and " four is fixed " is: when feeding feed,
Accomplish: timing, fixed point determine matter, are quantitative；After feeding feed, to accomplish " four see " is: seeing that whether Tilapia mossambica ingests normal, is
No eaten in 1-2 hours feeds material, sees whether pond water quality changes, whether there is or not unqualified, sees whether Tilapia mossambica activity is good,
Whether there is or not anoxic, sees whether Tilapia mossambica is healthy, have disease-free；
3.3.4), when dissolved oxygen is lower, fish has slight floating head, oxygen increasing pump or aerating pipe oxygenation are opened in time, or use
The method oxygenation of water is changed into Xin Shui, each quantity of exchanged water is 1/5th of water；It was found that timely medication is anti-when Tilapia mossambica disease
It controls.
3.3.5), feeding feed principle is: when temperature and low water temperature, throwing plant feed more, throws animal fodder, gas less
When mildly water temperature is high, throws animal fodder more, throw plant feed less.Water temperature is at 20 DEG C hereinafter, throwing animal feed accounts for 20-
30%, plant feed accounts for 70-80%；When water temperature is at 20-25 DEG C, animal and plant feed respectively accounts for half；When water temperature is in 25-32
DEG C when, animal fodder should account for 60-70%, and plant feed accounts for 30-40%；
3.3.6), water quality, the water temperature, water level management between typhoon, big waterfall Pluvial are carried out.
3.3.7), commodity Tilapia mossambica is after raising in 5-6 months, when its single cabrage is between 0.5-1.2 kilograms, so that it may
Fishing sale.Commodity Tilapia mossambica can give over to kind of a fish, carry out hatching breeding as parent population.
4), the raising of Tilapia mossambica adult fish, parent population:
4.1), the adult fish of Tilapia mossambica, parent population raising, can by come Tilapia mossambica breeding pond or breeding pool or breeding net cage in
Raising；
4.2), 1 month before cultivation, breeding pond, breeding pool, breeding net cage water level is made to be maintained at 1.40-1.60 meters, in pond
In water, the water surface sprinkles the decomposed storage excrement into 300-400 kilograms per acre, cultivates planktonic organism；
4.3), water quality requirement: between pH value 6.5-8.0, the water mg/litre of 3-5 containing dissolved oxygen, molecules of ammonia is less than 0.04 milli
Grams per liter；
4.4), water temperature requirement: water temperature is 28-32 DEG C；
4.5) duckweed, red duckweed, water hyacinth, waterweed, wheel blade, are put in a suitable place to breed in Tilapia mossambica breeding pond, breeding pool, breeding net cage
Black algae, eel grass, water plant account for the 65-70% of pond water surface area；
4.6) it is by force, without sick and wounded, single cabrage 0.8- that, adult fish, parent population, which can choose physical strong, energy in marketable fish,
1.0 kilograms, the Tilapia mossambica of neat specification, the Tilapia mossambica that can also introduce different cultivars is raised together；To realize hybrid new breed；
4.7), cultivation density: breeding pond per acre, breeding pool, breeding net cage waters put adult fish, parent population 1600-1800 tail in a suitable place to breed.
200 tails of Colossoma brachypomum/- 250 tails of mu/mu, silver carp, 50 tails of flathead/- 70 tails of mu/mu, 30 tails of grass carp/- 50 tails of mu/mu, dace are raised together simultaneously
30 tails/- 50 tails of mu/mu put 4000 tails of loach/- 6000 tails of mu/mu in a suitable place to breed.
4.8), adult fish, parent population, other fish the Chi Qianyao that enters carry out disinfection, with 3%~5% salt water dipping bath fish body 5
~10 minutes or 0.1 milligram every liter liquor potassic permanganate dipping bath fish bodies 10~15 minutes；The upper of fine day should be selected in by putting the fish time
Noon or dusk never put fish in rainy day or fine day high noon.
4.9), the raising of adult fish, parent population: Tilapia mossambica category ominivore-fish cultivates planktonic organism, animal except applying fertilizer in pond
Feeding is outer, should also feed the animals, plant feed such as fly maggot, silkworm chrysalis, earthworm, spiral shell freshwater mussel meat, bean dregs, wheat bran, rice bran, soya-bean cake；
4.10), feeding feed will accomplish that " four fixed four see " four is surely: timing, fixed point determine matter, are quantitative；It is wanted after feeding feed
Accomplish that four see and are: seeing whether Monopterus Albus Feeding normal, if eaten in 1-2 hours and fed material, see whether pond water quality changes,
Whether there is or not unqualified, see whether swamp eel activity is good, whether there is or not anoxic, see whether swamp eel is healthy, have disease-free；
4.11), feeding feed principle is: when temperature and low water temperature, throwing plant feed more, throws animal fodder, gas less
When mildly water temperature is high, throws animal fodder more, throw plant feed less.Water temperature is at 20 DEG C hereinafter, throwing animal feed accounts for 20-
30%, plant feed accounts for 70-80%；When water temperature is at 20-25 DEG C, animal and plant feed respectively accounts for half；When water temperature is in 25-32
DEG C when, animal fodder should account for 60-70%, and plant feed accounts for 30-40%；
4.12) it, feeds with earthworm, water silk earthworm, tadpole, fly maggot, wheel animalcule, small fish, pork liver, mussel meat, river prawn, Pomacea canaliculata
Meat, yolk, fishbone dust, sheep blood, yellow meal worm, multi-vitamins, minerals, oatmeal, dregs of beans, rapeseed cake, sesame-send cake, chicken giblets,
Choline chloride, Rehmannia glutinosa, zeolite powder, Prunella vulgaris, honeysuckle, peach kernel, Rhizoma Gastrodiae, anhydrous sodium sulphate, Chinese yam, Poria cocos, Radix Glycyrrhizae, fructus lycii, when
Return, lotus leaf, rose, stevia rebaudian leaf, xylo-oligosaccharide, yunna spiraea, Radix Stellariae Yunnanensis, dandelion, shrimp shell, antibiotic etc., by certain
The disease-resistant feed for the Tilapia mossambica fast-growth that ratio is configured to promotes Tilapia mossambica high-yield quick to grow；
4.13), the time of feed fed: when 5-6 every afternoon；
4.14), the method for feed fed: feed is disposably put into；
4.15) 3-5% that doses accounts for about total Tilapia mossambica weight, is fed every time, feeding doses and having been eaten with the next morning is advisable,
When water temperature is high, feeding doses can be increase accordingly；Water temperature can accordingly reduce feeding doses when low；
4.16) after, putting one month in a suitable place to breed, 180-250 kgs/acre of decomposed animal manure was imposed every 2 weeks, cultivated planktonic organism；Together
When feed animal and plant feed.
4.17), daily early, middle and late measurement water temperature, temperature, survey weekly 1 pH value, survey 2 transparencies；Early morning, night are each
Patrol breeding pond, breeding pool, breeding net cage 1 time.When discovery when dissolved oxygen is lower, fish has slight floating head, to open oxygen increasing pump in time
Or aerating pipe oxygenation, or using the method oxygenation for changing water into Xin Shui, each quantity of exchanged water is 1/5th of water.Observe milter
Beautiful wedding dark brown it is color, " digging nest " situation, raun enters nest pairing, and discovery raun oviposition carries out the hatching management of Tilapia mossambica, together
When prior harvesting other mixed breedings fish.
(3), the control method of Tilapia mossambica disease:
1), fish disease prevention and cure aims at prevention, and mainly takes strict control breeding density, adjusts cultivation water, feeds nutrition
Comprehensive and fresh feed, periodically sampling carry out body surface to fish and the measures such as dissection checks prevent.Once it was found that fish disease, is answered timely
It suits the remedy to the case treatment.General measures are as follows:
1.1), thoroughly pond is cleared and sterilized；
1.2), fry, fingerling strictly carry out disinfection before entering pond；
1.3) primary with 1 gram/cubic metre, 90% trichlorphon full pool spilling head, under fry, fingerling behind pond.After half a month with 1
~2 gram/cubic metre bleaching powder: 28% effective chlorine spilled once；
1.4) it, keeps water quality fertile, living, tender, refreshing, is in alkalescence；
1.5), dead fish should be pulled out in time, be buried in the earth after disinfection；
1.6), used apparatus will embathe disinfection in sick fishpond, and sick fishpond water is non-sterile arbitrarily to be discharged；
1.7), prevent summer streptococcus from occurring, summer sweltering heat can periodically use lime disinfection, use 25-35 per acre
Kilogram quick lime, is suitably added and subtracted, can not feed feed after infecting streptococcus will increase the death rate in this way according to the water level depth；Such as
Fruit has good water source fish pond that can intake, and causing streptococcus to occur is mainly that temperature height is distributed plus the low mud in the pool by high temperature
Pernicious gas pollution water quality causes Tilapia mossambica long term hypoxia and disease resistance to reduce out；
1.8), the use of fish medicine must splash medicine and medicine for oral administration in strict accordance with State Council, Ministry of Agriculture's pertinent regulations, external application
Suggested use and dosage should meet the regulation of marine industry standard " pollution-free food drugs used in aquiculture usage criteria (NY5071-2002) ".
The high-yield quick breeding method for introducing Mozambique Tilapia mossambica, changing previous Tilapia mossambica need to breeding Jing Guo suspend mode
Traditional approach, founded new long-term Tilapia mossambica in water temperature control in 28-32 DEG C of breeding new model, eliminated Tilapia mossambica and stop
Sleep not growth defect, extend Tilapia mossambica growth period more than half, grow Tilapia mossambica high-yield quick, annual output is turned over
Kind；Using with earthworm, water silk earthworm, tadpole, fly maggot, wheel animalcule, small fish, pork liver, mussel meat, river prawn, Pomacea canaliculata meat, yolk,
Fishbone dust, sheep blood, yellow meal worm, multi-vitamins, minerals, oatmeal, dregs of beans, rapeseed cake, sesame-send cake, chicken giblets, choline chloride,
Rehmannia glutinosa, zeolite powder, Prunella vulgaris, honeysuckle, peach kernel, Rhizoma Gastrodiae, anhydrous sodium sulphate, Chinese yam, Poria cocos, Radix Glycyrrhizae, fructus lycii, Radix Angelicae Sinensis, lotus leaf, rose
Rare flower, stevia rebaudian leaf, xylo-oligosaccharide, yunna spiraea, Radix Stellariae Yunnanensis, dandelion, shrimp shell, antibiotic etc., feed and match by a certain percentage
The disease-resistant feed of manufactured Tilapia mossambica fast-growth promotes the quick of Tilapia mossambica, high yield, disease-free breeding and growth, obtains
Gratifying Tilapia mossambica breeding economic benefit, makes the yield of Tilapia mossambica per acre reach 1800-2000 kilograms, the yield for raising together fish reaches
1500-1600 kilograms, per mu yield value reaches ten thousand yuan of 5-6.That introduces Mozambique Tilapia mossambica utilizes solar energy high-yield quick breeding side
Method is that China precisely helps the poor get rich the good project striven for a relatively comfortable life；Up for this project of Rapid Popularization.
Claims (1)
1. the high-yield quick breeding method of Mozambique Tilapia mossambica is introduced, in Tilapia mossambica breeding Chi Shangshe solar photovoltaic cell panel
Equation, using solar power generation, electricity consumption can be carried out the water supply to breeding pond, water temperature regulation, and water temperature is made to be maintained at 25-32 DEG C；Disappear
Except the suspend mode of Tilapia mossambica, the new method of the high-yield quick breeding Tilapia mossambica without suspend mode is created；The selection in Tilapia mossambica breeding pond is carried out,
Creation；Tilapia mossambica breeding pool, breeding net cage are established, nursery pond, seedling net cage, marketable fish culture pond, marketable fish cultivate net cage, sieve
Non- fishpond escape-proof fence carries out the clear pond of sterilizing；In pond, culture transferring water plant in net cage, hatching to Tilapia mossambica, numerous is carried out
It grows, nursery, commodity fish culture, adult fish, parent population raising；Using Rofe fingerling, during breeding, parent population, fry are determined not
Same specification, rational density, the scientific and reasonable disease-resistant feed for feeding Tilapia mossambica fast-growth, the disease for carrying out Tilapia mossambica breeding are anti-
It controls；It excludes to use industrial fits feed and drug during Tilapia mossambica breeding, using natural animal, biological feedstuff, carries out science
Nascent state breeding；
(1), the selection and creation in Tilapia mossambica breeding pond:
1), Tilapia mossambica breeding pond selects environment quiet, hidding and sunny side, has abundant water resources, and water quality is good, water, native pollution-free, irrigation and drainage side
Just；The place of traffic convenience, bottom of pond is smooth, and bottom of pond mud is with a thickness of 15-30 centimetres, and the slope Chi Geng ratio is 1: 1.5, and creation Tilapia mossambica is numerous
Support pond；
1.1), at the 2.5-3 rice in Tilapia mossambica breeding pond overhead, by Tilapia mossambica breeding pond overhead per acre, by filling 440 square metres
Solar photovoltaic cell panel equation builds the solar power station that generated energy is 50 kilowatts on ground；Solar photovoltaic cell panel receives
Solar thermal energy is converted direct current energy by the thermal energy of the sun, and direct current energy inputs solar-electricity through transmission pressure, by direct current energy
The solar energy inversion manifold stood is changed into alternating current；A part access Tilapia mossambica breeding system of alternating current is used by oneself, it will be more
Remaining a part is sold to power grid, can be to power grid power purchase when electricity consumption is inadequate；Personal electric energy part, as to Tilapia mossambica breeding
Illumination, power, water supply and the heating of well water to Tilapia mossambica breeding pond, the water quality of Tilapia mossambica breeding water, water level, water temperature control
System is adjusted and is moved to the fine bourn of breeding water；
2), the selection and creation of Tilapia mossambica breeding pool, breeding net cage:
2.1), Tilapia mossambica breeding pool, breeding net cage selection environment quiet, hidding and sunny side, have abundant water resources, water quality it is good, water, native nothing
Pollution, irrigation and drainage are convenient；The place of traffic convenience, bottom of pond is smooth, bottom of pond mud is with a thickness of 20-30 centimetres, and the slope Chi Geng ratio is 1: 1.2,
Create Tilapia mossambica breeding pool, breeding net cage；
2.2), every open area of Tilapia mossambica breeding pool: 66-110 meters a length of, width is 30 meters, and area is 1980-3300 square metres,
It is advisable with 3-5 mus；
2.3), the depth of water of Tilapia mossambica breeding pool is 1.20-1.5 meters, and the depth of water most depth is 1.5-2 meters；
2.4), water quality requirement: between pH value 6.8-8.0, the water mg/litre of 3-5 containing dissolved oxygen, molecules of ammonia is less than 0.04 mg/litre；
It can be carried out Tilapia mossambica breeding water circulation and fine bourn be dynamic, keep Tilapia mossambica breeding water water temperature at 25-32 DEG C；
2.5), ooxygenation facility is set: every 8-10 meters before and after bottom of pond, long 20-25 meters of aerating pipe 1 being set, and every pond sets 8-
10, and in every face Kou Chi equipped with paddle aerator one that power is 2 kilowatts, it is ensured that Tilapia mossambica breeds water oxygenation and needs
It wants；
2.6), dig a well and set pipe armored pump: in the quadrangle of every mouthful of Tilapia mossambica breeding pool, each a bite diameter that excavates is 2 meters, and well head diameter is
1.2 meters, the well that depth is 8-10 meters；Bottom is laid with the PVC water inlet pipe that " well " font diameter is 3 cun in Tilapia mossambica breeding pool,
Above PVC water supplying pipe, boring 1 diameter at interval of 10 centimetres is 2 millimeters towards day hole, be may be used as into water, regulating water quality, water
Position, water temperature and the new water of supply and keep fine bourn dynamic；Facing bottom into well by the Yang Cheng that 1 diameter is 3 cun is filled in well head is 13-15
The immersible pump of rice, submersible pump outlet connect a side port of PVC water supplying pipe nearby, in another side port of water supplying pipe, connect 90 degree of elbows
After connecting 1.5 meters of PVC straight tubes towards day, then connect after 90 degree of elbows by the dress regulating valve flow velocity and flow made adjustments into water；Pass through
Solar energy conversion from electricity consumption, well water is converted into required water temperature by electric heating, and enable immersible pump, by well water be used as water supply
With adjust the water quality of Tilapia mossambica breeding pool, water level, water temperature and the new water of supply and keep water fine bourn dynamic；
2.7), create nascent state breeding condition: by the Chi Geng of four perimeters of Tilapia mossambica breeding pool be made into it is 1.8-2 meters wide, from bottom of pond
The Chi Geng that the 2.2-2.5 meters a height of, slope Chi Geng ratio is 1: 1.2, bottom of pond mud is with a thickness of 20~30 centimetres, in pond face culture transferring water plant, wound
It makes and allows the milter of heat to find place in pond to do the condition of nest, make Tilapia mossambica natural propagation；
2.8), in breeding water domain cultivation water hyacinth grass, waterweed, hydrilla verticillata, eel grass, spray sward；
2.9), on the surface on the Tilapia mossambica breeding pool ridge, every 10 meters of standardized horizontal lines, opened at horizontal line one it is 1.8-2 meters a length of,
Wide 30 centimetres, the pipe trench that depth is 30-40 centimetres, it is 25 centimetres that diameter is embedded in pipe trench, a length of 1.8-2 meters of pvc pipe, in pipe
Ditch fills in back soil, and be embedded to diameter is 25 centimetres, and a length of 1.8-2 meters of pvc pipe is as overflow pipe, as Tilapia mossambica breeding pool
Self-draining is used；
2.10), in the overflow pipe water inlet nylon wire of 25 mesh, nozzle is sealed, to prevent the flight of Rofe fry；
2.11), keep water water level, fine bourn dynamic: the water inlet of Tilapia mossambica breeding water is by being embedded in " well " font of bottom of pond
Diameter be 3 cun PVC water inlet pipe enter, extra water is discharged by overflow pipe, is not only able to maintain the control of water level, Er Qieneng
Ensure the pico- flowing of water, keeps water to be in running water state, be conducive to the quick breeding of Tilapia mossambica；
2.12) batch production vinyl house, is set up, it is ensured that pond water temperature: in order to ensure Tilapia mossambica breeding pool water temperature can be kept throughout the year
At 25-32 DEG C, condition, the purpose of high-yield quick breeding Tilapia mossambica are obtained, it can be in solar photovoltaic cell panel equation and Rofe
Batch production vinyl house is set up above fish breeding pool, to improve the thermal efficiency of solar energy, northern China cold snap is overcome to utilize
Solar energy interferes the temperature control of high-yield quick breeding Tilapia mossambica；
2.13), the type water temperature adjustment method of Tilapia mossambica breeding pool: well water has the characteristics that constant temperature cool in summer and warm in winter, under normal circumstances,
Winter-spring season well water water temperature is between 10-12 DEG C, and summer and autumn, well water water temperature was between 13-18 DEG C；In summer and autumn, the highest gas of weather
Temperature is between 38-43 DEG C, and open country temperature is up to 55-60 DEG C, and the water temperature of Tilapia mossambica breeding pool can be unfavorable for Rofe at 38-50 DEG C
The flourish of fish, at this point it is possible to keep Tilapia mossambica numerous to reach by the well water of 13-18 DEG C of the injection into Tilapia mossambica breeding pool
The water temperature cooling in pond is grown, the requirement of 25-32 DEG C of required ideal water temperatures is reached, is conducive to the growth of Tilapia mossambica high-yield quick；Winter-Spring
In season, temperature is close between -6 DEG C to 18 DEG C, and open country temperature at this time can be between -7 DEG C to 20 DEG C, and Tilapia mossambica at this time is numerous
Growing pond subglacial water temperature is 0 DEG C or more, when temperature is high, and water temperature is 10-18 DEG C；It can use solar energy electricity at this time, pass through
Well water is heated in the electric heating exchange of well water, well water water temperature is heated between 40-50 DEG C, it according to actual needs will be through adding
The well water of heat inputs Tilapia mossambica breeding pool, and Tilapia mossambica breeding pool is made to reach the requirement of 25-32 DEG C of required ideal water temperatures, is conducive to Winter-Spring
The growth of season Tilapia mossambica high-yield quick；Using solar energy electricity, electric heating exchange heating is carried out to well water, can use well water
Temperature persistance saves electricity consumption, is conducive to the effective use to solar energy, keeps it environmentally friendly and energy saving, it is numerous to obtain high-yield quick
Grow the benefit of Tilapia mossambica；In Various Seasonal, solar energy electric energy obtained can use, nearby using local water source, adjust sieve
The water level in non-fish breeding pond, water quality, water temperature；
2.14), build net cage for breeding tilapia: a length of 5 meters of net cage for breeding tilapia, width are 4 meters, and each net cage is 20 squares of water
Face；The 75-80% that the net cage setting gross area is breeding pool water area is bred, net cage for breeding tilapia is arranged in the breeding pool water surface per acre
24-25 is only；Breeding net cage is set in row, and breeds net cage and is arranged with central area of 1 meter from water side, between cabinet between be divided into
0.5 meter；Breeding net cage is made into the polyethylene that mesh is 25 mesh without tubercle mesh sheet, net cage for breeding tilapia four moso bamboo bars point
It not inserting in 5 meters long, in wide 4 meters of four angle points, mesh sheet is fixed on bamboo bar quadrangle with iron wire, breeding net cage is 2.0-2.2 meters a height of,
Underwater portion is 1.6-1.8 meters, and above water is 0.4 meter；The soil of bottom filling 30-30 cm thick, makes net in breeding net cage
Bottom portion comes into full contact with bottom of pond soil；It breeds net cage to cultivate first 15 days in Rofe fingerling cartonning, input 1.4-1.6 meters high from bottom of pond
Deep water transplants water hyacinth, waterweed, hydrilla verticillata, eel grass, spray sward in breeding net cage when breeding net cage enters water；
Water plant area coverage accounts for the 65-75% of breeding net cage water area；
3), the selection and creation of Tilapia mossambica nursery pond, seedling net cage:
3.1), Tilapia mossambica nursery pond, seedling net cage selection environment quiet, hidding and sunny side, have abundant water resources, water quality it is good, water, native nothing
Pollution, irrigation and drainage are convenient；The place of traffic convenience, bottom of pond is smooth, bottom of pond mud is with a thickness of 10-20 centimetres, and the slope Chi Geng ratio is 1: 1.2,
Create Tilapia mossambica nursery pond, seedling net cage；
3.2), nursery pool area: 30 meters wide with 90-110 meters long, 2640-3300 square metres of area, 4-5 mus are advisable；
3.3), the nursery pond depth of water: the depth of water is 1.40-1.60 meters, and most depth is 1.6-2.0 meters；
3.4), nursery pond water quality requirement: between pH value 6.5-8.0, water is greater than 3-5 mg/litre containing dissolved oxygen, and molecules of ammonia is less than
0.04 mg/litre；Water temperature is 28-32 DEG C, and it is dynamic to can be carried out water circulation fine bourn；
3.5) every 8-10 meters before and after bottom of pond, long 20-25 meters of aerating pipe 1, nursery pond setting aerating pipe and oxygen increasing pump: is set
Item, every pond, which sets 10-11 item, to be advisable；In every mouthful of larval rearing water face, equipped with paddle aerator one that power is 3 kilowatts, it is ensured that
Water is for oxygen demand；
3.6), nursery pond digs a well, sets intake-discharge pipe line, sets immersible pump, intakes, draining, water quality, water temperature, water level tune
Control, the dynamic requirement of fine bourn, is arranged by Tilapia mossambica breeding pool requirement；
3.7), set Tilapia mossambica seedling net cage: seedling net cage is 3 meters wide with 4 meters long, and every net cage water surface is 12 square metres；Net cage is set
The 75-80% that the gross area is Tilapia mossambica larval rearing water area is set, Tilapia mossambica seedling net cage 42-45 is arranged in the nursery pond water surface per acre
Only；Net cage is set in row, and net cage is arranged with central area of 1 meter from water side, between cabinet between be divided into 0.5 meter；Nursery net
Case is made into the polyethylene that mesh is 25 mesh without tubercle mesh sheet, and Tilapia mossambica seedling net cage inserts in 4 meters of length with four moso bamboo bars respectively,
In wide 3 meters of four angle points, mesh sheet is fixed on bamboo bar quadrangle with iron wire；Net cage is 2.0-2.2 meters a height of, underwater portion 1.4-
1.8 meters, above water is 0.4 meter, 8-10 centimetres from nursery pond bottom of seedling net cage bottom, and contact chamber bed mud is not native at net cage bottom；It educates
Seedling net cage is 15 days before Tilapia mossambica prelarva enters net cage seedling nursery, after sterilizing to nursery pond, inputs 1.4-1.8 meters of depth high from bottom of pond
Water；
4), the selection and creation of Tilapia mossambica marketable fish aquaculture pond, aquaculture net cage:
4.1), Tilapia mossambica commodity aquaculture pond, aquaculture net cage selection environment quiet, hidding and sunny side, have abundant water resources, water quality it is good, water,
Soil is pollution-free, irrigation and drainage are convenient；The place of traffic convenience, bottom of pond is smooth, bottom of pond mud is with a thickness of 20~30 centimetres, and the slope Chi Geng ratio is 1:
1.2, create Tilapia mossambica marketable fish aquaculture pond, aquaculture net cage；
4.2), marketable fish cultivates pool area: it is 30 meters wide with 88-100 meters long, 2640-3300 square metres, it is advisable with 4-5 mus；
4.3), the marketable fish aquaculture pond depth of water: for the depth of water at 1.60-1.80 meters, most depth is 2 meters；
4.4), water quality requirement: between pH value 6.5-8.0, water is greater than 4-5 mg/litre containing dissolved oxygen, and molecules of ammonia is less than 0.04 milli
Grams per liter；It can be carried out water to circulate, water temperature is 28-32 DEG C；
4.5), marketable fish aquaculture pond setting aerating pipe and oxygen increasing pump: every 9-10 meters before and after bottom of pond, be arranged long 20-25 meters it is quick-fried
Tracheae 1, every pond, which sets 7-8 item, to be advisable；In every mouthful of marketable fish aquaculture pond water surface, the paddle aerator for being 3 kilowatts equipped with power
One, it is ensured that water is for oxygen demand；
4.6), marketable fish aquaculture pond digs a well, sets intake-discharge pipe line, sets immersible pump, intakes, draining, water quality, water temperature, water
The regulation of position, the dynamic requirement of fine bourn, is arranged by Tilapia mossambica breeding pool requirement；
4.7) Tilapia mossambica marketable fish aquaculture net cage, is set, marketable fish aquaculture net cage is 4 meters wide with 5 meters long, and every net cage water surface is 20
Square metre, 80% that the gross area is marketable fish culturing pool area is arranged in net cage, and commodity are arranged in the marketable fish aquaculture pond water surface per acre
Fish culture net cage 25-26 is only；Net cage is set in row, and net cage is arranged with central area of 1 meter from water side, the interval between cabinet
It is 0.5 meter, marketable fish aquaculture net cage is made into the polyethylene that mesh is 25 mesh without tubercle mesh sheet, and marketable fish aquaculture net cage is with four
Moso bamboo bar inserts in 5 meters long respectively, and in wide 4 meters of four angle points, mesh sheet is fixed on moso bamboo bar quadrangle with iron wire；The a height of 2.0- of net cage
2.2 meters, underwater portion is 1.6-1.8 meters, and above water is 0.4 meter, and 30-35 cm thick is inserted in marketable fish aquaculture net cage
Soil makes net cage bottom come into full contact with bottom of pond soil；Marketable fish aquaculture net cage is 15 days before Rofe fry cartonning, through to marketable fish
After the disinfection of aquaculture pond, inputs 1.6-1.8 meters high from bottom of pond deep water and moved in net cage when marketable fish aquaculture net cage enters water
Plant water hyacinth, waterweed, hydrilla verticillata, eel grass, spray sward；Water plant area coverage accounts for the 65-75% of net cage water area；
5) escaping-preventing facilities, are carried out: sealing the supply and discharge mouth of a river, and use iron with the stainless steel window gauze of 35 mesh at the supply and discharge mouth of a river in each pond
Silk fastens, and prevents Tilapia mossambica from fleeing；
6), the clear pond of sterilizing: removing excessive mud, only stay 10-30 centimetres, is completely sprinkled with Chi Quanchi of the quick lime to each creation
Spill, per acre 160-180 kilograms of dosage, reach thoroughly pond is cleared and sterilized；Weeds weeds is removed, germ is killed, improves bottom of pond quality,
After splashing quick lime 7 days, it is primary to let off water, allows and excludes dirt, then shines pond and adds the depth of water to 1.4-1.8 meters after 4-6 days；
7), in Tilapia mossambica breeding pool, net cage for breeding tilapia, nursery pond, seedling net cage, marketable fish aquaculture pond, commodity fish culture
To have planted water plant in net cage: one pond of breeding, a net cage Tilapia mossambica first have to kind of a pond, a net cage water plant, create breeding sieve
The nascent state environment of non-fish；Water plant is that Tilapia mossambica likes one of natural bait eaten, and can play the role of good purified water,
It and is the place that Tilapia mossambica inhabited, hid enemy；The area for supporting plant water plant should account for 2/3rds of pond, unsuitable excessive, main
Kind is wanted to have duckweed, red duckweed, waterweed, hydrilla verticillata, eel grass, water hyacinth grass；Duckweed, red duckweed, water hyacinth grass, hydrilla verticillata,
Waterweed based on transplanting, planted with seeding method by eel grass；In breeding pool, breeding net cage, nursery pond, seedling net cage, marketable fish
Transplanting water plant is 2/3rds of pond and the net cage water surface in aquaculture pond, marketable fish aquaculture net cage；
(2), the breeding method of Tilapia mossambica:
1), the hatching method of Tilapia mossambica:
1.1), Tilapia mossambica hatches characteristic: sexal maturity is reached after Growth Op Tilapia 6 months, 250-350 grams of raun, fish brood amount are more again
Between 1200-1500, during breeding, milter has beautiful wedding dark brown color, and abdomen has anus and two, urogenital hole mouth,
Squeezing abdomen has white sperm to flow out, and raun abdomen has 3 holes, i.e. anus, gonopore and uropoiesis hole；18~32 DEG C of water temperature, at
Ripe milter has " dig nest " ability, and mature raun matches into nest, output mature egg and at once by it contained in oral cavity, make ovum by
Essence, fertilized eggs are developed in raun oral cavity, as water temperature 25-32, can hatch juvenile fish within 4-5 days；Juvenile fish to yolk bag disappears simultaneously
Parent is left when with a capability；
1.2), the suitable water temperature of Tilapia mossambica hatching is 22-32 DEG C, the natural spawning generally after mid-May；To rob season, fill
Divide light, heat and the food resource using solar energy, to improve cultured output, it is necessary to take using solar energy to breeding pool, breeding
Net cage heats, and so that breeding pool, breeding net cage water temperature is reached 22-32 DEG C, reinforced cultivating, the spring is numerous ahead of time, makes Tilapia mossambica in mid-April
Seedling is incubated in oviposition；Concrete measure is as follows:
1.2.1), parent population selection and cultivate: the physical strong, energy of selection is strong, without sick and wounded, growth period at 6 months or more, property at
Ripe good Tilapia mossambica is parent population, in mid-March, is put into breeding pool or the interior reinforcement of breeding net cage is cultivated, breeding pool can be selected
Overwintering breeding pond；6 tail parent populations, female-male proportion 2: 1 or 3: 1 are put in a suitable place to breed in every square metre of breeding pool or breeding net cage, while to be determined
Phase changes water, feeds；
1.2.2), heat and feeding management: pool inner water temperature should be controlled at 22-30 DEG C, and water quality requirement is fertile, living, refreshing, and feeding amount is according to water
Depending on temperature, water quality and the growing state of fish；In the breeding pool or breeding net cage of hydrostatic, daily feeding amount is the 2% of parent population weight,
Flowing water pond is 3%；Meanwhile the activity condition and gonad development degree of parent population are often observed, carry out every record；
1.2.3), lay eggs: Tilapia mossambica male and female fish body color has apparent difference, and the milter of heat moves about in pool side, finds place and do
Nest；The shape of nest be pot-shaped, 30-40 centimetres of diameter, 10 centimetres of depth；After nest is built up, milter is teased into the female shoal of fish frequently, and
It intercepts raun and enters nest pairing；When water temperature reaches 22-23 DEG C, raun just can lay eggs；When oviposition, raun abdomen is male close to nest bottom
Fish is guarded by nest, and after raun oviposition, immediately by ovum suction inlet, prominent lower jaw drum is in cryptomere.Milter enters nest sperm drainage, raun immediately
Again by sperm in bilge suction；Ovum is fertilized in oral cavity；
1.2.4), incubate seedling: in water quality: between pH value 6.5-8.0, the water mg/litre of 3-5 containing dissolved oxygen, molecules of ammonia is less than 0.04 milli
Grams per liter；Water temperature is 25-32 DEG C, and water recycles in the dynamic water of fine bourn, and tilapia oosperm is hatched in raun oral cavity, and with
The breathing of raun and stir, not only obtained the protection of parent, but also there is good environment of hatching；When water temperature is at 25-32 DEG C, about
Hatch fry within 4-5 days；
1.2.5), points for attention are bred: in numerous Tilapia mossambica seedlings, the seedling bred out using Tilapia mossambica interspecific hybridization,
The features such as these seedlings speed of growth due to having heterosis, hybrid vigor is fast, and individual is big, and cold resistance is good, and male ratio is high, commodity value
It is high；Its product name, mainly has: Ao Ni, miscellaneous, Tilapia, unisexuality Tilapia mossambica difficult to understand；In the breeding process, seedling quality is screened
Well, the speed of growth is most fast, and the highest seedling of male ratio is put in a suitable place to breed；
1.2.6), the Tilapia mossambica young baby fish hatched first feeds soft-boiled eggs Huang, soya-bean milk, small fish slurry, water silk earthworm slurry etc., with Tilapia mossambica
It constantly grows up, except in addition to the fertilising of pond, the later period should also feed fly maggot, silkworm chrysalis, earthworm, spiral shell freshwater mussel meat, bean dregs, wheat bran, rice bran, soya-bean cake
These animals, plant feed can carry out nursery after 1 month cultivates；
1.2.7), using the method for solar energy high-yield quick breeding Tilapia mossambica, the breeding of Tilapia mossambica is made to keep pool water within temperature throughout the year
Degree carries out in 28-32 DEG C, eliminates the dormant period of Growth Op Tilapia, makes Tilapia mossambica fast-growth, so that Tilapia mossambica is real
Existing autumn and winter hatching breeding, quantity, the speed of hatching breeding Tilapia mossambica are increased at training；Make high-yield quick breeding Tilapia mossambica
It is achieved.
2), the nursery of Tilapia mossambica:
2.1), the nursery of Tilapia mossambica carries out in nursery pond or seedling net cage；
2.2), the method for culturing seedlings of Tilapia mossambica:
2.2.1), 1 month before nursery, nursery pond or nursery box water level is made to be maintained at 1.40-1.60 meters, in pool water within, per acre
The water surface sprinkles the decomposed storage excrement into 250-300 kilograms, cultivates planktonic organism；
2.2.2), water quality requirement: between pH value 6.5-8.0, the water mg/litre of 3-5 containing dissolved oxygen, molecules of ammonia less than 0.04 milligram/
It rises；
2.2.3), water temperature requirement: water temperature is 28-32 DEG C；
2.2.4), the duckweed to be put in a suitable place to breed in Tilapia mossambica nursery pond or in seedling net cage, red duckweed, water hyacinth, waterweed, wheel blade are black
Algae, eel grass etc., water plant put the 65-70% for accounting for water face in a suitable place to breed；
2.2.5), the physical strong, energy of fry selection it is strong, without it is sick and wounded, a length of 2-3 centimetres of prelarva seedling, the fish of neat specification
Seedling chooses disease fry and dead seedling；
2.2.6), seedling density: every square metre of cultivation prelarva 120-150 tail；
2.2.7), before fry enters nursery pond, seedling net cage, to carry out disinfection, with 3%~5% salt water dipping bath fish body 5~10
Minute, the morning or dusk that the fry time should be selected in fine day are put, never puts fry in rainy day or fine day high noon；
2.2.8), the feeding method of feed: daily bait throwing in 2 times, at o'clock in the morning 8-9, in nursery pond, nursery net at 5-6 o'clock in the afternoon
Dispersion is fed in case；
2.2.9), feed forage volume: feeding forage volume and fed by the 2-3% of fry total weight, feeding volume can rest in feed 2
Hour, which is eaten up, to be advisable；
2.2.10), daily early, middle and late measurement water temperature, temperature, survey weekly 1 pH value, survey 2 transparencies；Early morning, night respectively patrol
Nursery pond, seedling net cage 1 time；When dissolved oxygen is lower, fish has slight floating head, oxygen increasing pump or aerating pipe oxygenation are opened in time, or
Using the method oxygenation for changing water into Xin Shui, each quantity of exchanged water be nursery pond, seedling net cage 1/5th；
2.2.11), under fry after nursery pond, seedling net cage, to keep water in dark brown, transparency is 25~30 centimetres；Often
Week fertilising 1 time, applies 150~200 kilograms of animal manure fertilizer per acre every time；It is greater than 30 centimetres of Shi Keshi in fine, water transparency
When increase dose；When water quality overfertilization, it should reduce or stop applying fertilizer；
2.2.12), adhere to healthy aquaculture, by guidelines, prevent fish disease；Under fry after nursery pond, seedling net cage, every 10-
15 days, 20-25 kilograms of quick lime water full pool spilling head is used per acre, and adjusting water pH value is in alkalescence, is improved with biological agent
Pond microorganism structure improves water quality；
2.2.13), the feed of fry is zooplankter, feeds ripe yolk, soya-bean milk, fresh small fish slurry, earthworm slurry；Fry is long
When obtaining larger, the disease-resistant feed of fast-growth can be fed；When fry is long to 5-6 centimetres, pond can be gone out and formed；
3), the cultivation of Tilapia mossambica marketable fish:
3.1), forming for Tilapia mossambica marketable fish is formed in marketable fish aquaculture pond or marketable fish aquaculture net cage；
3.2), the cultural method of Tilapia mossambica marketable fish:
3.2.1), 1 month before cultivation, marketable fish aquaculture pond or marketable fish aquaculture net cage water level is made to be maintained at 1.40-1.60 meters,
In pool water within, the water surface sprinkles the decomposed storage excrement into 300-400 kilograms per acre, cultivates planktonic organism；
3.2.2), water quality requirement: between pH value 6.5-8.0, the water mg/litre of 3-5 containing dissolved oxygen, molecules of ammonia less than 0.04 milligram/
It rises；
3.2.3), water temperature requirement: water temperature is 28-32 DEG C；
3.2.4), duckweed, red duckweed, water hyacinth, Yi Le are put in Tilapia mossambica marketable fish aquaculture pond or in marketable fish aquaculture net cage in a suitable place to breed
Algae, hydrilla verticillata, eel grass, water plant account for the 65-70% of pond water surface area；
3.2.5), fry selection is physical strong, energy is strong, a length of 5-6 centimetres without sick and wounded, fry, and the fry of neat specification is chosen
Sick fry and dead seedling, peach milter seedlings as more as possible are put in a suitable place to breed out；
3.2.6), breeding density: 1500 tails of Tilapia mossambica fry/- 1900 tails of mu/mu, 220 tails of Colossoma brachypomum/- 320 tails of mu/mu,
Silver carp, 40 tails of flathead/- 80 tails of mu/mu, 25 tails of grass carp/- 55 tails of mu/mu, 25 tails of dace/- 55 tails of mu/mu put 5000 tails of loach/mu-in a suitable place to breed
8000 tails/mu；The dispensing of Tilapia mossambica fry can also be close using early period, later period dilute stocking method, with commodity Tilapia mossambica
It grows up, pond is divided to reduce cultivation density；The output capacity in fishpond can be improved in this way；
3.2.7), fry entered Chi Qianyao and carries out disinfection, with salt water dipping bath fish body 5~10 minutes or every liter 0.1 of 3%~5%
Liquor potassic permanganate dipping bath fish body 10~15 minutes of milligram；The morning or dusk that the fry time should be selected in fine day are put, is never existed
Rainy day or fine day high noon put fish；
3.2.8), the feeding method of feed: feed is disposably put into；Divide in marketable fish aquaculture pond or marketable fish aquaculture net cage
It dissipates and feeds.
3.2.9), the time of feed fed: when 5-6 every afternoon；
3.2.10), feed forage volume: feeding forage volume and fed by the 2-3% of fry total weight, feeding volume can rest in feed
Eating up within 2 hours is advisable；
3.2.11), after marketable fish fry is launched, the feed of fry is planktonic organism, yolk, soya-bean milk, fresh small fish slurry, earthworm
Slurry；Earthworm, water silk earthworm, tadpole, fly maggot, wheel animalcule, small fish, pork liver, mussel meat, small shrimp, Pomacea canaliculata meat, wheat, wheat bran, jade
Rice flour, fishbone dust, sheep blood, yellow meal worm, multi-vitamins, minerals, oatmeal, dregs of beans, Cottonseed Meal, rapeseed cake, sesame-send cake, chicken
Miscellaneous, choline chloride, Rehmannia glutinosa, zeolite powder, Prunella vulgaris, honeysuckle, peach kernel, Rhizoma Gastrodiae, anhydrous sodium sulphate, Chinese yam, Poria cocos, Radix Glycyrrhizae, fructus lycii,
Radix Angelicae Sinensis, lotus leaf, rose, stevia rebaudian leaf, xylo-oligosaccharide, yunna spiraea, Radix Stellariae Yunnanensis, dandelion, shrimp shell, antibiotic, by certain
The disease-resistant feed for the Tilapia mossambica fast-growth that ratio is configured to, is fed；
3.2.12), after putting one month in a suitable place to breed, 180-200 kgs/acre of decomposed animal manure was imposed every 2 weeks, cultivated planktonic organism；Simultaneously
Feed animal and plant feed；
3.3), the feeding management of Tilapia mossambica commodity fish culture:
3.3.1), morning and evening inspection is carried out, checks whether marketable fish aquaculture pond occurs Tilapia mossambica flight, whether marketable fish aquaculture net cage
It is broken by the teeth by mouse, such as leaky timely repairing；
3.3.2), pay attention to marketable fish aquaculture pond, the water quality of marketable fish aquaculture net cage, water temperature, SEA LEVEL VARIATION, regulate and control water water in time
Matter, water temperature, water level, it is ensured that pond water quality requirement: between pH value 6.8-8.0, the water mg/litre of 3-5 containing dissolved oxygen, molecules of ammonia is less than
0.04 mg/litre；It is dynamic to can be carried out Tilapia mossambica marketable fish aquaculture pond, marketable fish aquaculture net cage water circulation and fine bourn, can protect throughout the year
Tilapia mossambica marketable fish culturing pool water temperature is held at 28-32 DEG C；
3.3.3), scientific and reasonable dispensing feed；" four fixed four see " will be accomplished by feeding feed, and " four is fixed " is: when feeding feed, doing
Arrive: timing, fixed point determine matter, are quantitative；After feeding feed, to accomplish " four see " is: seeing whether Tilapia mossambica ingests normal, if
It has eaten in 1-2 hours and has fed material, seen whether pond water quality changes, whether there is or not unqualified, sees whether Tilapia mossambica activity is good, whether there is or not
Anoxic is seen whether Tilapia mossambica is healthy, is had disease-free；
3.3.4), when dissolved oxygen is lower, fish has slight floating head, oxygen increasing pump or aerating pipe oxygenation are opened in time, or use into new
Water changes the method oxygenation of water, and each quantity of exchanged water is 1/5th of water；It was found that when Tilapia mossambica disease, timely medication prevention and treatment；
3.3.5), feeding feed principle is: when temperature and low water temperature, mostly throwing plant feed throws animal fodder less, temperature and
When water temperature is high, throws animal fodder more, throw plant feed less.Water temperature at 20 DEG C hereinafter, throw animal feed account for 20-30%, plant
Physical property feed accounts for 70-30%；When water temperature is at 20-25 DEG C, animal and plant feed respectively accounts for half；When water temperature is at 25-32 DEG C, move
Physical property feed should account for 60-70%, and plant feed accounts for 30-40%；
3.3.6), water quality, the water temperature, water level management between typhoon, big waterfall Pluvial are carried out；
3.3.7), commodity Tilapia mossambica is after raising in 5-6 months, when its single cabrage is between 0.5-1.2 kilograms, so that it may fish
Sale；Commodity Tilapia mossambica can give over to kind of a fish, carry out hatching breeding as parent population；
4), the raising of Tilapia mossambica adult fish, parent population:
4.1), the adult fish of Tilapia mossambica, parent population raising can be raised by coming in Tilapia mossambica breeding pond or breeding pool or breeding net cage
It supports；
4.2), 1 month before cultivation, breeding pond, breeding pool, breeding net cage water level is made to be maintained at 1.40-1.60 meters, pool water within
In, the water surface sprinkles the decomposed storage excrement into 300-400 kilograms per acre, cultivates planktonic organism；
4.3), water quality requirement: between pH value 6.5-8.0, the water mg/litre of 3-5 containing dissolved oxygen, molecules of ammonia is less than 0.04 mg/litre；
4.4), water temperature requirement: water temperature is 28-32 DEG C；
4.5), to put duckweed, red duckweed, water hyacinth, waterweed, wheel blade in a suitable place to breed black in Tilapia mossambica breeding pond, breeding pool, breeding net cage
Algae, eel grass, water plant account for the 65-70% of pond water surface area；
4.6) it is 0.8-1.0 public that, adult fish, parent population can choose physical strong, energy in marketable fish by force, without sick and wounded, single cabrage
Jin, the Tilapia mossambica of neat specification, the Tilapia mossambica that can also introduce different cultivars are raised together；To realize hybrid new breed；
4.7), cultivation density: breeding pond per acre, breeding pool, breeding net cage waters put adult fish, parent population 1600-1800 tail in a suitable place to breed；Simultaneously
Raise together 200 tails of Colossoma brachypomum/- 250 tails of mu/mu, silver carp, 50 tails of flathead/- 70 tails of mu/mu, 30 tails of grass carp/- 50 tails of mu/mu, dace 30
Tail/- 50 tails of mu/mu puts 4000 tails of loach/- 6000 tails of mu/mu in a suitable place to breed；
4.8), adult fish, parent population, other fish the Chi Qianyao that enters carry out disinfection, with 3%~5% salt water dipping bath fish body 5~10
Minute or liquor potassic permanganate dipping bath fish body 10~15 minutes of 0.1 milligram every liter；Put the fish time should be selected in fine day the morning or
At dusk, fish never is put in rainy day or fine day high noon；
4.9), the raising of adult fish, parent population: Tilapia mossambica category ominivore-fish cultivates planktonic organism, detoxification except applying fertilizer in pond
Outside, fly maggot, silkworm chrysalis, earthworm, spiral shell freshwater mussel meat, bean dregs, wheat bran, rice bran, soya-bean cake these animals, plant feed should also be fed；
4.10), feeding feed will accomplish that " four fixed four see " four is surely: timing, fixed point determine matter, are quantitative；To accomplish after feeding feed
Four see and are: seeing whether Tilapia mossambica ingests normal, if interior eaten fed material at 1-2 hour, saw whether pond water quality changes, has
Without unqualified, see whether Tilapia mossambica activity is good, whether there is or not anoxic, see whether Tilapia mossambica is healthy, have disease-free；
4.11), feeding feed principle is: when temperature and low water temperature, mostly throwing plant feed throws animal fodder less, temperature and
When water temperature is high, throws animal fodder more, throw plant feed less；Water temperature at 20 DEG C hereinafter, throw animal feed account for 20-30%, plant
Physical property feed accounts for 70-80%；When water temperature is at 20-25 DEG C, animal and plant feed respectively accounts for half；When water temperature is at 25-32 DEG C, move
Physical property feed should account for 60-70%, and plant feed accounts for 30-40%；
4.12), feed with earthworm, water silk earthworm, tadpole, fly maggot, wheel animalcule, small fish, pork liver, mussel meat, river prawn, Pomacea canaliculata meat,
Yolk, fishbone dust, sheep blood, yellow meal worm, multi-vitamins, minerals, oatmeal, dregs of beans, rapeseed cake, sesame-send cake, chicken giblets, chlorination
Choline, Rehmannia glutinosa, zeolite powder, Prunella vulgaris, honeysuckle, peach kernel, Rhizoma Gastrodiae, anhydrous sodium sulphate, Chinese yam, Poria cocos, Radix Glycyrrhizae, fructus lycii, Radix Angelicae Sinensis, lotus
Leaf, rose, stevia rebaudian leaf, xylo-oligosaccharide, yunna spiraea, Radix Stellariae Yunnanensis, dandelion, shrimp shell, antibiotic, are prepared by a certain percentage
At Tilapia mossambica fast-growth disease-resistant feed, promote Tilapia mossambica high-yield quick grow；
4.13), the time of feed fed: when 5-6 every afternoon；
4.14), the method for feed fed: feed is disposably put into；
4.15) 3-5% that doses accounts for about total Tilapia mossambica weight, is fed every time, and feeding doses and having eaten with the next morning is advisable, water temperature
Gao Shi can increase accordingly feeding doses；Water temperature can accordingly reduce feeding doses when low；
4.16) after, putting one month in a suitable place to breed, 180-250 kgs/acre of decomposed animal manure was imposed every 2 weeks, cultivated planktonic organism；It throws simultaneously
Feed animal and plant feed；
4.17), daily early, middle and late measurement water temperature, temperature, survey weekly 1 pH value, survey 2 transparencies；Early morning, night respectively patrol numerous
Support pond, breeding pool, breeding net cage 1 time；When discovery when dissolved oxygen is lower, fish has slight floating head, to open oxygen increasing pump or quick-fried in time
Tracheae oxygenation, or using the method oxygenation for changing water into Xin Shui, each quantity of exchanged water is 1/5th of water；Observe the beauty of milter
Beautiful wedding dark brown is color, " digging nest " situation, and raun enters nest pairing, and the hatching management of Tilapia mossambica, same current events are carried out in discovery raun oviposition
The fish of other mixed breedings of first harvesting；
(3), the control method of Tilapia mossambica disease:
1), fish disease prevention and cure aims at prevention, and mainly takes strict control breeding density, adjusts that cultivation water, to feed nutrition comprehensive
And fresh feed, periodically sampling carry out body surface to fish and the measures such as dissection checks prevent；Once it was found that fish disease, should suit the medicine to the illness in time
Prescribe medicine treatment；Measure are as follows:
1.1), thoroughly pond is cleared and sterilized；
1.2), fry, fingerling strictly carry out disinfection before entering pond；
1.3) primary with 1 gram/cubic metre, 90% trichlorphon full pool spilling head, under fry, fingerling behind pond；After half a month with 1~2
Gram/cubic metre bleaching powder: 28% effective chlorine spilled once；
1.4) it, keeps water quality fertile, living, tender, refreshing, is in alkalescence；
1.5), dead fish should be pulled out in time, be buried in the earth after disinfection；
1.6), used apparatus will embathe disinfection in sick fishpond, and sick fishpond water is non-sterile arbitrarily to be discharged；
1.7), prevent summer streptococcus from occurring, summer sweltering heat can periodically use lime disinfection, use 25-35 kilograms per acre
Quick lime is suitably added and subtracted according to the water level depth, and can not feed feed after infecting streptococcus will increase the death rate in this way；If there is
Good water source fish pond can intake, and causing streptococcus to occur is mainly that temperature height comes out plus the low mud in the pool by high temperature
Pernicious gas pollution water quality causes Tilapia mossambica long term hypoxia and disease resistance to reduce；
1.8), the use of fish medicine must splash the usage of medicine and medicine for oral administration in strict accordance with State Council, Ministry of Agriculture's pertinent regulations, external application
And dosage should meet the regulation of marine industry standard " pollution-free food drugs used in aquiculture usage criteria (NY5071-2002) "；
(4), the disease-resistant feed formula of Tilapia mossambica fast-growth:
1) the disease-resistant feed formula one of Tilapia mossambica fast-growth: raw material composition by weight, 20 kilograms of dregs of beans, wheat bran 20 are public
Jin, 15 kilograms of fishbone dust, 5 kilograms of rapeseed cake, 10 kilograms of rice chaff, 10 kilograms of chicken giblets, 2 kilograms of lotus leaf, 1 kilogram of rose, stevia rebaudianum
3 kilograms of leaf, 3 kilograms of yunna spiraea, 2 kilograms of Radix Stellariae Yunnanensis, 2 kilograms of dandelion, 3 kilograms of small shrimp, lures at 2 kilograms of xylo-oligosaccharide
2 kilograms of agent of food；
2), the disease-resistant feed formula two of Tilapia mossambica fast-growth: raw material composition by weight, raw material composition by weight,
20 kilograms of earthworm, 20 kilograms of yellow meal worm, 20 kilograms of fly maggot, 5 kilograms of small fish, 15 kilograms of dregs of beans, 5 kilograms of fishbone dust, compound dimension
Raw element 2 kilograms, 1 kilogram of minerals, 2 kilograms of Prunella vulgaris, 3 kilograms of honeysuckle, 3 kilograms of Rhizoma Gastrodiae, 4 kilograms of anhydrous sodium sulphate；
3), the disease-resistant feed formula three of Tilapia mossambica fast-growth: raw material composition by weight, 20 kilograms of water silk earthworm, mussel meat
18 kilograms, 10 kilograms of yolk, 5 kilograms of fishbone dust, 7 kilograms of small shrimp, 15 kilograms of sesame-send cake, 4 kilograms of choline chloride, zeolite powder 12
Kilogram, 2 kilograms of Prunella vulgaris, 3 kilograms of honeysuckle, 2 kilograms of Chinese yam, 1 kilogram of Radix Glycyrrhizae, 1 kilogram of fructus lycii；
4), the disease-resistant feed formula four of Tilapia mossambica fast-growth: raw material composition by weight, 20 kilograms of Pomacea canaliculata meat, pork liver
18 kilograms, 12 kilograms of sheep blood, 15 kilograms of chicken giblets, 5 kilograms of fishbone dust, 15 kilograms of oatmeal, 3 kilograms of Rehmannia glutinosa, 2 public affairs of Prunella vulgaris
Jin, 2 kilograms of honeysuckle, 3 kilograms of fructus lycii, 2 kilograms of choline chloride, 3 kilograms of antibiotic；
5), the disease-resistant feed formula five of Tilapia mossambica fast-growth: raw material composition by weight, corn 25, wheat 20, earthworm 15
Kilogram, 15 kilograms of sesame-send cake, 5 kilograms of shrimp powder, 5 kilograms of chicken liver meal, 5 kilograms of river snails rice noodle, 5 kilograms of hornwort powder, salt 2 it is public
Jin, 3 kilograms of phagostimulant；
6), the disease-resistant feed formula six of Tilapia mossambica fast-growth: raw material composition by weight, 20 kilograms of tadpole, earthworm 18 are public
Jin, 12 kilograms of small fish, 10 kilograms of wheel animalcule, 10 kilograms of water silk earthworm, 10 kilograms of rapeseed cake, 2 kilograms of peach kernel, 3 kilograms of Rhizoma Gastrodiae, Poria cocos
2 kilograms, 1 kilogram of choline chloride, 2 kilograms of Radix Angelicae Sinensis.
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| CN111727912A (en) * | 2020-06-17 | 2020-10-02 | 浙江省海洋水产养殖研究所 | Striped mullet seawater pond circulating water seedling raising method |
| CN112655600A (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2021-04-16 | 海南勤富实业有限公司 | Method for quickly cultivating tilapia mossambica in early stage |
| CN113016670A (en) * | 2021-03-30 | 2021-06-25 | 海南省海洋与渔业科学院 | Tilapia mossambica saline water culture method |
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| CN112655600A (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2021-04-16 | 海南勤富实业有限公司 | Method for quickly cultivating tilapia mossambica in early stage |
| CN111727912A (en) * | 2020-06-17 | 2020-10-02 | 浙江省海洋水产养殖研究所 | Striped mullet seawater pond circulating water seedling raising method |
| CN113016670A (en) * | 2021-03-30 | 2021-06-25 | 海南省海洋与渔业科学院 | Tilapia mossambica saline water culture method |
| CN113016670B (en) * | 2021-03-30 | 2023-02-03 | 海南省海洋与渔业科学院 | Tilapia mossambica saline water culture method |
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