CN113016670A - Tilapia mossambica saline water culture method - Google Patents
Tilapia mossambica saline water culture method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113016670A CN113016670A CN202110342896.1A CN202110342896A CN113016670A CN 113016670 A CN113016670 A CN 113016670A CN 202110342896 A CN202110342896 A CN 202110342896A CN 113016670 A CN113016670 A CN 113016670A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture. The invention provides a tilapia saline water culture method, which comprises the following steps: (1) selecting tilapia fries with the length of 3-6 cm, and performing salt tolerance domestication for 9-12 days in a domestication pond; (2) applying organic fertilizer into the culture pond 5-7 days before the acclimatization is finished, and controlling the salinity in the culture pond to be 15-20 per mill; (3) transferring the tilapia fries into a culture pond after domestication is finished, and feeding after 3-7 days; (4) and (3) changing water every 3-5 days after the fry begins to be fed, and fishing after 120-150 days. The method can effectively improve the salt water culture survival rate of the tilapia mossambica and realize industrial culture. Meanwhile, the yield of tilapia is improved, the method has obvious economic benefit, the earthy taste of fish is reduced, and the quality is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to a method for breeding tilapia in saline water.
Background
Tilapia is originally Africa and belongs to tropical fishes, and the tilapia comprises more than 100 subspecies. Tilapia has the characteristics of fast generation, high yield, food impurities, few diseases, strong fecundity and the like.
Tilapia is a main aquaculture product in China. The meat is delicious, has less thorn, has high protein content, is rich in 8 essential amino acids needed by human body, and has particularly high glutamic acid and glycine content. Tilapia is popular with people due to the characteristics, is called white salmon and fish in the 21 st century, and has become one of hot spots for cultivation, processing and export in recent years.
The freshwater aquaculture has the problems of limited water area and water resource, easy environmental pollution to water quality and the like, and the fish yield obtained every year is difficult to meet the market demand. Furthermore, the tilapia cultivated in fresh water has earthy taste and poor flavor. With the increasing importance of our country on fresh water resources and environmental protection, the situation that aquaculture faces the shortage of fresh water resources is increasingly highlighted. Meanwhile, China still has a large amount of inland low-lying saline water bodies. Therefore, it is very necessary to develop a method for the salt water aquaculture of tilapia.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a tilapia saline water aquaculture method, develop inland low-lying saline water and solve the situation of freshwater resource shortage faced by aquaculture.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a tilapia saline water culture method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting tilapia fries with the length of 3-6 cm, and performing salt tolerance domestication for 9-12 days in a domestication pond;
(2) before 5-7 days after the acclimatization, applying organic fertilizer into the culture pond, and controlling the salinity in the culture pond to be 15-20 per mill;
(3) transferring the tilapia fries into a culture pond after domestication is finished, and feeding after 3-7 days;
(4) and (3) changing water every 3-5 days after the fry begins to be fed, and fishing after 120-150 days.
Preferably, the water depth of the domestication pond is 0.5-0.8 m, and the domestication pond is disinfected by quicklime before use.
Preferably, the salt tolerance domestication method comprises the following steps: the salinity in the domestication pond is 2-6 per mill when domestication begins, and after the tilapia fries are placed in the domestication pond, the salinity in the domestication pond is increased by 1-1.5 per mill every day until the salinity in the domestication pond reaches 15-20 per mill.
Preferably, the domestication is not fed for 3-4 days, the feeding amount of the middle 3-4 days is 40-60% of the normal feeding amount, and finally the normal feeding amount is recovered.
Preferably, the density of tilapia fries in the domestication pond is 100-150 tails/m2。
Preferably, the temperature in the domestication pond is 22-28 ℃, and the dissolved oxygen is 5-9 mg/L.
Preferably, the culture pond is drained of water before use, disinfected by quicklime and subjected to solarization for 7-10 days.
Preferably, the water depth of the culture pond is 1.2-2 m, and the density of tilapia fries in the culture pond is 2500-3000 tails per mu.
Preferably, the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 120-180 kg/mu.
Preferably, the water exchange amount during water exchange is 15-30% of the total volume.
The invention provides a tilapia saline water culture method, which comprises the following steps: (1) selecting tilapia fries with the length of 3-6 cm, and performing salt tolerance domestication for 9-12 days in a domestication pond; (2) applying organic fertilizer into the culture pond 5-7 days before the acclimatization, and controlling the salinity in the culture pond to be 15-20 per mill; (3) transferring the tilapia fries into a culture pond after domestication is finished, and feeding after 3-7 days; (4) and (3) changing water every 3-5 days after the fry begins to be fed, and fishing after 120-150 days. The method can effectively improve the salt water culture survival rate of the tilapia mossambica and realize industrial culture. Meanwhile, the yield of tilapia is improved, the method has obvious economic benefit, the earthy taste of fish is reduced, and the quality is improved.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a tilapia saline water culture method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting tilapia fries with the length of 3-6 cm, and performing salt tolerance domestication for 9-12 days in a domestication pond;
(2) before 5-7 days after the acclimatization, applying organic fertilizer into the culture pond, and controlling the salinity in the culture pond to be 15-20 per mill;
(3) transferring the tilapia fries into a culture pond after domestication is finished, and feeding after 3-7 days;
(4) and (3) changing water every 3-5 days after the fry begins to be fed, and fishing after 120-150 days.
In the invention, the length of the tilapia fry is preferably 4-5 cm.
In the invention, the water depth of the domestication pond is preferably 0.5-0.8 m, and more preferably 0.6-0.7 m.
In the present invention, the acclimation tank is sterilized with quicklime before use.
In the invention, the salt tolerance domestication method is preferably as follows: the salinity in the domestication pond is 2-6 per mill when domestication begins, and after the tilapia fries are placed in the domestication pond, the salinity in the domestication pond is increased by 1-1.5 per mill every day until the salinity in the domestication pond reaches 15-20 per mill.
In the invention, the time for salt tolerance domestication is preferably 10-11 days.
In the present invention, the salinity in the initial acclimation pool is preferably 3 to 5%, and more preferably 4%.
In the invention, the salinity in the domestication pond is preferably increased by 1.1-1.4 per mill per day, and is further preferably increased by 1.2-1.3 per mill per day.
In the invention, the final salinity in the domestication pond is preferably 16-19 per thousand, and more preferably 17-18 per thousand.
In the invention, the domestication is not fed for 3-4 days, the feeding amount in the middle 3-4 days is 40-60% of the normal feeding amount, and finally the normal feeding amount is recovered.
In the present invention, the feeding amount of the acclimatization for the middle 3 to 4 days is preferably 45 to 55% of the normal feeding amount, and more preferably 50% of the normal feeding amount.
In the invention, the density of tilapia fries in the domestication pond is preferably 100-150 tails/m2More preferably 120 to 140 tails/m2Still more preferably 125 tails/m2。
In the invention, the temperature in the domestication pond is preferably 22-28 ℃, more preferably 24-26 ℃, and still more preferably 25 ℃.
In the invention, the dissolved oxygen amount in the domestication pond is preferably 5-9 mg/L, more preferably 6-8 mg/L, and still more preferably 7 mg/L.
In the invention, the culture pond is preferably drained before use, disinfected by quicklime and solarized for 7-10 days.
In the invention, the exposure time is preferably 8-9 days.
In the present invention, the time for applying the organic fertilizer is preferably 6 days before the end of acclimation.
In the invention, the organic fertilizer is decomposed manure.
In the invention, the salinity in the culture pond is preferably 15-20 per thousand, more preferably 16-19 per thousand, and still more preferably 17-18 per thousand.
In the invention, the water depth of the culture pond is preferably 1.2-2 m, more preferably 1.4-1.8 m, and still more preferably 1.6 m.
In the invention, the feeding time is preferably 4-6 days after the tilapia fries are transferred to the culture pond, and is further preferably 5 days after the tilapia fries are transferred to the culture pond.
In the present invention, it is preferable to change the water every 4 days after the initial feeding of the fry.
In the invention, the density of tilapia fries in the culture pond is preferably 2500-3000 tails/mu, more preferably 2600-2900 tails/mu, and still more preferably 2700-2800 tails/mu.
In the invention, the application amount of the organic fertilizer is preferably 120-180 kg/mu, more preferably 140-160 kg/mu, and even more preferably 150 kg/mu.
In the present invention, the water exchange amount during water exchange is preferably 15 to 30% of the total volume, and more preferably 20 to 25% of the total volume.
In the present invention, the fishing is preferably performed at 130 to 140 days from the start of feeding.
The cultivation method provided by the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
(1) Sterilizing the domestication pond with quicklime, adding saline water with salinity of 2 per mill until the water depth is 0.5 m, controlling the temperature in the domestication pond at 22 deg.C, and dissolving oxygen at 5 mg/L;
(2) selecting tilapia fries with length of 3cm according to the ratio of 150 tails/m2The density of the tilapia is put into a domestication pool, salt tolerance domestication is carried out for 12 days in the domestication pool, the tilapia is put into the domestication pool, and then the salt in the domestication pool is addedThe degree is increased by 1.5 per mill every day until the salinity in the domestication pond reaches 20 per mill, no feeding is carried out for 4 days before domestication, the feeding amount in the middle 4 days is 40% of the normal feeding amount, and finally the normal feeding amount is recovered;
(3) draining the culture pond, sterilizing with calx, and solarizing for 7 days;
(4) before 5 days after the acclimatization, applying organic fertilizer into the culture pond according to the application amount of 120 kg/mu, and controlling the water depth in the culture pond to be 1.2 m and the salinity to be 20 per thousand;
(5) transferring tilapia fries into a culture pond according to the density of 2500 tails/mu after domestication is finished, and feeding after 3 days;
(6) the water is changed every 3 days after the fry begins to feed, the water change amount is 15 percent of the total volume each time, and the fry can be caught after 150 days.
Example 2
(1) Sterilizing the domestication pond with quicklime, adding saline water with salinity of 5 per mill until the water depth is 0.7 m, controlling the temperature in the domestication pond to be 25 ℃, and controlling the dissolved oxygen amount to be 7 mg/L;
(2) selecting tilapia fries with length of 5cm according to the ratio of 125 fries/m2The density of the tilapia is put into a domestication pond, salt tolerance domestication is carried out for 10 days in the domestication pond, the salinity in the domestication pond is increased by 1 per mill every day after the tilapia is put into the domestication pond until the salinity in the domestication pond reaches 15 per mill, no feed is fed in the first 3 days of domestication, the feeding amount in the middle 3 days is 50 percent of the normal feeding amount, and finally the normal feeding amount is recovered;
(3) draining the culture pond, sterilizing with quicklime, and solarizing for 8 days;
(4) before 6 days after the acclimatization, applying organic fertilizer into the culture pond according to the application amount of 160 kg/mu, and controlling the water depth in the culture pond to be 1.6 m and the salinity to be 15 per thousand;
(5) transferring tilapia fries to a culture pond according to the density of 2700 tails/mu after the domestication is finished, and feeding after 5 days;
(6) the water is changed every 4 days after the fry begins to feed, the water change amount is 120 percent of the total volume each time, and the fry can be caught after 130 days.
Example 3
(1) Sterilizing the domestication pond with quicklime, adding saline water with salinity of 6 per mill until the water depth is 0.8 m, controlling the temperature in the domestication pond to be 28 ℃, and controlling the dissolved oxygen amount to be 9 mg/L;
(2) selecting tilapia fries with length of 6cm according to the ratio of 100 tails/m2The density of the tilapia is put into a domestication pond, salt tolerance domestication is carried out for 9 days in the domestication pond, the salinity in the domestication pond is increased by 1.2 per mill every day after the tilapia is put into the domestication pond until the salinity in the domestication pond reaches 16.8 per mill, no feed is fed in the first 3 days of domestication, the feeding amount in the middle 3 days is 60 percent of the normal feeding amount, and finally the normal feeding amount is recovered;
(3) draining the culture pond, sterilizing with quicklime, and solarizing for 10 days;
(4) before 7 days after the acclimatization, applying organic fertilizer into the culture pond according to the application amount of 180 kg/mu, and controlling the water depth in the culture pond to be 2 m and the salinity to be 16.8 per thousand;
(5) transferring tilapia fries to a culture pond according to the density of 3000 tails/mu after the domestication is finished, and feeding after 7 days;
(6) the water is changed every 5 days after the fry begins to feed, the water change amount is 30 percent of the total volume each time, and the fry can be caught after 120 days.
Comparative example 1
(1) Sterilizing the domestication pond with quicklime, adding saline water with salinity of 5 per mill until the water depth is 0.7 m, controlling the temperature in the domestication pond to be 25 ℃, and controlling the dissolved oxygen amount to be 7 mg/L;
(2) selecting tilapia fries with length of 5cm according to the ratio of 125 fries/m2The density of the tilapia is put into a domestication pond, salt tolerance domestication is carried out for 10 days in the domestication pond, the salinity in the domestication pond is increased by 1 per mill every day after the tilapia is put into the domestication pond until the salinity in the domestication pond reaches 15 per mill, and normal feeding is carried out in the domestication process;
(3) draining the culture pond, sterilizing with quicklime, and solarizing for 8 days;
(4) before 6 days after the acclimatization, applying organic fertilizer into the culture pond according to the application amount of 160 kg/mu, and controlling the water depth in the culture pond to be 1.6 m and the salinity to be 15 per thousand;
(5) transferring tilapia fries to a culture pond according to the density of 2700 tails/mu after the domestication is finished, and feeding after 5 days;
(6) the water is changed every 4 days after the fry begins to feed, the water change amount is 120 percent of the total volume each time, and the fry can be caught after 130 days.
Comparative example 2
(1) Sterilizing the domestication pond with quicklime, adding saline water with salinity of 5 per mill until the water depth is 0.7 m, controlling the temperature in the domestication pond to be 25 ℃, and controlling the dissolved oxygen amount to be 7 mg/L;
(2) selecting tilapia fries with length of 5cm according to the ratio of 125 fries/m2The density of the feed is put into a domestication pond, the saline water with 5 per mill of the domestication pond is fed for 10 days, the salinity in the water is not changed in the period, the feed is not fed in the first 3 days, the feed amount in the middle 3 days is 50 percent of the normal feed amount, and finally the normal feed amount is recovered;
(3) draining the culture pond, sterilizing with quicklime, and solarizing for 8 days;
(4) before 6 days after the acclimatization, applying organic fertilizer into the culture pond according to the application amount of 160 kg/mu, and controlling the water depth in the culture pond to be 1.6 m and the salinity to be 15 per thousand;
(5) transferring tilapia fries to a culture pond according to the density of 2700 tails/mu after the domestication is finished, and feeding after 5 days;
(6) the water is changed every 4 days after the fry begins to feed, the water change amount is 120 percent of the total volume each time, and the fry can be caught after 130 days.
Comparative example 3
(1) Sterilizing the domestication pond with quicklime, adding saline water with salinity of 5 per mill until the water depth is 0.7 m, controlling the temperature in the domestication pond to be 25 ℃, and controlling the dissolved oxygen amount to be 7 mg/L;
(2) selecting tilapia fries with length of 5cm according to the ratio of 125 fries/m2The density of the tilapia is put into a domestication pond, salt tolerance domestication is carried out for 10 days in the domestication pond, the salinity in the domestication pond is increased by 1 per mill every day after the tilapia is put into the domestication pond until the salinity in the domestication pond reaches 15 per mill, no feed is fed in the first 3 days of domestication, the feeding amount in the middle 3 days is 50 percent of the normal feeding amount, and finally the normal feeding amount is recovered;
(3) draining the culture pond, sterilizing with quicklime, and solarizing for 8 days;
(4) before 6 days after the acclimatization, putting saline water into the culture pond, and controlling the water depth in the culture pond to be 1.6 m and the salinity to be 15 per mill;
(5) transferring tilapia fries to a culture pond according to the density of 2700 tails/mu after the domestication is finished, and feeding after 5 days; (ii) a
(6) The water is changed every 4 days after the fry begins to feed, the water change amount is 120 percent of the total volume each time, and the fry can be caught after 130 days.
Comparative example 4
(1) Sterilizing the domestication pond with quicklime, putting fresh water until the water depth is 0.7 m, controlling the temperature in the domestication pond to be 25 ℃ and the dissolved oxygen amount to be 7 mg/L;
(2) selecting tilapia fries with length of 5cm according to the ratio of 125 fries/m2The density of the feed is put into a domestication pond, domestication is carried out for 10 days in fresh water, no feed is fed in the first 3 days, the feed amount in the middle 3 days is 50 percent of the normal feed amount, and finally the normal feed amount is recovered;
(3) draining the culture pond, sterilizing with quicklime, and solarizing for 8 days;
(4) before 6 days after the domestication is finished, applying an organic fertilizer into the culture pond according to the application amount of 160 kg/mu, and controlling the water depth in the culture pond to be 1.6 m, wherein the water in the culture pond is also fresh water;
(5) transferring tilapia fries to a culture pond according to the density of 2700 tails/mu after the domestication is finished, and feeding after 5 days;
(6) the water is changed every 4 days after the fry begins to feed, the water change amount is 120 percent of the total volume each time, and the fry can be caught after 130 days.
As a result: the survival rate and average body weight were counted after tilapia fishing, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
| Group of | Survival rate (%) | Average body weight (g) |
| Example 1 | 94.1 | 715.6 |
| Example 2 | 95.3 | 690.2 |
| Example 3 | 94.8 | 688.4 |
| Comparative example 1 | 48.3 | 660.7 |
| Comparative example 2 | 72.5 | 670.5 |
| Comparative example 3 | 65.4 | 680.1 |
| Comparative example 4 | 95.7 | 723.4 |
And (4) conclusion: the method of comparative example 1 starts feeding when tilapia starts to acclimate, causing salt water to enter the fish body along with food, causing the fish fry to be dehydrated and die greatly; the method of the comparative example 2 has overlarge salinity change, so that the survival rate of tilapia fries is reduced; the method of the comparative example 3 does not pass rich water, and after the tilapia fries are put into the culture pond, food cannot be obtained from the water body, so that the survival rate is reduced to some extent; the experimental method of the embodiment 1-3 can effectively improve the survival rate of tilapia fries in salt water, the survival rate and the average body weight of the raised tilapia are close to the level of fresh water culture, and the tilapia salt water culture is realized.
The embodiment shows that the invention provides a tilapia saline water culture method, which comprises the following steps: (1) selecting tilapia fries with the length of 3-6 cm, and performing salt tolerance domestication for 9-12 days in a domestication pond; (2) applying organic fertilizer into the culture pond 5-7 days before the acclimatization, and controlling the salinity in the culture pond to be 15-20 per mill; (3) transferring the tilapia fries into a culture pond after domestication is finished, and feeding after 3-7 days; (4) and (3) changing water every 3-5 days after the fry begins to be fed, and fishing after 120-150 days. The method can effectively improve the salt water culture survival rate of the tilapia mossambica and realize industrial culture. Meanwhile, the yield of tilapia is improved, the method has obvious economic benefit, the earthy taste of fish is reduced, and the quality is improved.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A tilapia saline water culture method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting tilapia fries with the length of 3-6 cm, and performing salt tolerance domestication for 9-12 days in a domestication pond;
(2) before 5-7 days after the acclimatization, applying organic fertilizer into the culture pond, and controlling the salinity in the culture pond to be 15-20 per mill;
(3) transferring the tilapia fries into a culture pond after domestication is finished, and feeding after 3-7 days;
(4) and (3) changing water every 3-5 days after the fry begins to be fed, and fishing after 120-150 days.
2. The method for cultivating tilapia mossambica in saline water according to claim 1, wherein the water depth of said domestication pond is 0.5-0.8 m, and the domestication pond is disinfected by quicklime before use.
3. The method for cultivating tilapia mossambica in saline water according to claim 2, wherein the method for salt tolerance domestication is as follows: the salinity in the domestication pond is 2-6 per mill when domestication begins, and after the tilapia fries are placed in the domestication pond, the salinity in the domestication pond is increased by 1-1.5 per mill every day until the salinity in the domestication pond reaches 15-20 per mill.
4. The method for cultivating tilapia mossambica in saline water according to claim 3, wherein the tilapia mossambica is not fed before 3-4 days of acclimatization, the feeding amount in the middle 3-4 days is 40-60% of the normal feeding amount, and finally the normal feeding amount is recovered.
5. The tilapia saline water culture method according to claim 4, characterized in that the density of tilapia fries in the domestication pond is 100-150 fries/m2。
6. The tilapia saline water culture method according to claim 5, characterized in that the temperature in the domestication pond is 22-28 ℃, and the dissolved oxygen amount is 5-9 mg/L.
7. The method for cultivating tilapia mossambica in saline water according to claim 6, wherein the cultivating pond is drained of water before use, sterilized by quicklime and solarized for 7-10 days.
8. The method for breeding tilapia mossambica in saline water according to claim 7, wherein the water depth of the breeding pond is 1.2-2 m, and the density of tilapia mossambica seedlings in the breeding pond is 2500-3000 tails/mu.
9. The method for cultivating tilapia mossambica in saline water according to claim 8, wherein the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 120-180 kg/mu.
10. The method for cultivating tilapia mossambica in saline water according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the amount of water changed during water change is 15-30% of the total volume.
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