CN103270987A - Cultivating method for offspring seeds of spotted trout - Google Patents
Cultivating method for offspring seeds of spotted trout Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a cultivating method for offspring seeds of spotted trout. By the cultivating method, a large quantity of high-quality and healthy spotted trout fries can be acquired, and survival rate of juvenile fishes is high, so that cultivation popularization and factorization of the spotted trout can be realized. The cultivating method includes the following steps: (1), transporting eyed eggs of the spotted trout, (2), incubating the eyed eggs, (3), cultivating the fries at an early stage, (4), cultivating the fries at a late stage, (5) cultivating advanced fries, and (6), cultivating the juvenile fishes. By the cultivating method, incubation and cultivation conditions for the eyed eggs of the spotted trout are acquired; experiments show that incubation rate of the eyed eggs of the spotted trout can be increased to 97%, and the survival rate of the fries can reach 92%; and through the cultivating method, the fries grow quickly, cultivation cycle can be shortened, and cultivation cost can be reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fish culture, specifically, relate to the offspring seed cultivation method of a kind of spot trout.
Background technology
Spot trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), be commonly called as honorable fish, be a kind of of salmon fishes, because being covered with spot, whole body gains the name, belong to cold water anadromous migration fish, be the rainbow trout new varieties that formed by the extra large type kind of falling of Dow rainbow trout and rainbow trout rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) hybridization, have merits such as degeneration-resistant, that speed is livings, high temperature resistant, united introduction China by Shandong Province Marine Culture Institute and Qingdao good fortune card marine organisms Science and Technology Ltd. in 2010.The spot trout is wider than other salmon kind comfort zones, and its existence temperature suits water temperature 8-21 ℃ 10-18 ℃ of the suitableeest growth water temperature at 0-24 ℃; Adaptive capacity to salinity is also stronger, all can survive, thereby all can culture in fresh water, seawater in the salinity range of 0-33.Spot trout premunition is strong, and fast growth, feed conversion rate can grow to about 2kg up to 1.1: 1 in about 1 year, can reach 3-5kg in 2 years.Spot trout fine and tender taste, be of high nutritive value, thorn, dressing percentage height between few flesh, be the first-selected fish of making raw fish, sootiness salmon, liked by the consumer.
The international market reaches more than 350 ten thousand tons to the annual requirement of salmon, and annual production only has 2,000,000 tons, and every year will be from ten thousand tons of Norway, a large amount of about 5-6 of import salmon of Chile, and breach is fairly obvious.The sale of spot trout is not subjected to the restriction of fresh and alive fish market in addition, can fresh and alively sell, and also can process refrigeration, development deep processing industry, and market prospects are wide.The existing market price is at 80 yuan/Kg, and generally culture body weight through 2 years and can reach 5 kilograms, 400 yuan of single end pin price Ge Keda, profit is about about 60%, and economic benefit is higher.
But up to now, China lacks experience to artificial incubation and the seed rearing of spot trout, is expecting that the technical scheme of the offspring seed cultivation method of a kind of spot trout produces as early as possible.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides the offspring seed cultivation method of a kind of spot trout, by the offspring seed cultivation method of this spot trout, thereby obtain a large amount of high-qualitys, healthy spot trout prelarva, and have higher juvenile fish survival rate, with popularizing and batch production of realizing that the spot trout cultures.
Technical scheme of the present invention is, the offspring seed cultivation method of a kind of spot trout, and described method is carried out according to following step:
⑴ the eyed eggs transportation of, spot trout
The eyed eggs of spot trout adopts the transportation of dry method low temperature, and transport temperature 4-6 ℃, to unpack after transporting to, the fresh water of eyed eggs being put into 5-7 ℃ adapts to 25-35 minute, water temperature is promoted to 9-11 ℃ gradually again;
⑵ the hatching of eyed eggs
Then, eyed eggs is put into the up-flow hatching pail carry out the flowing water hatching, 10-12 ℃ of hatching water temperature, dissolved oxygen amount 6.0-7.5mg/L, discharge 15-20L/min, when eyed eggs accumulated temperature reached 335 ℃ of d, fish-egg began rupture of membranes, should in time remove ovum skin, dead ovum and dead seedling;
⑶ prelarva
Prelarva is initiatively to ingest period before from hatching the prelarva opening, is 1-11 days, and after prelarva hatched, the operation of band water moved to the workshop with it and cultivates in the pond, and putting seedling density is 1500-1600 tail/m
2, at this breeding phase, water temperature 10-12 ℃, do not change water, add water 5-10% every day, in time remove dead seedling, keep to cultivate the pool environment cleaning, the prelarva ability of moving about strengthens after 5-10 days, is evenly distributed, and prelarva is opening but do not ingest as yet;
⑷ postlarva
Postlarva is initiatively to feed into the period of yolk sac between absorbing fully from the prelarva opening, it is 12-23 days, the fish body not only absorbs exogenous nutrition but also absorb endogenous nutrition during this period, fry begins come-up, the particle diameter of throwing something and feeding is the manufactured feed of 0.2mm, throw something and feed every day manufactured feed 6-8 time, daily ration, feeding quantity is the 4%-6% of prelarva body weight, it is soft to keep cultivating workshop light, cultivate 10-12 ℃ of water temperature, this stage need be changed water keep cultivating the pool environment cleaning, and quantity of exchanged water every day 100%, cultivating pond fish seedling density is 1300-1400 tail/m
2
⑸ the postlarva phase
The postlarva phase is the period that fish volume morphing structure is grown rapidly, absorbs from yolk sac to finish, till finishing to fin, squama growth, it is 24-59 days, throw something and feed every day manufactured feed 6-8 time, daily ration, feeding quantity is the 4%-6% of prelarva body weight, this moment, the particle diameter of feed can increase to 0.4-0.7mm.Cultivate 10-12 ℃ of water temperature, this stage quantity of exchanged water can increase to 150%-200% every day, and cultivating pond fish seedling density is 1100-1300 tail/m
2
⑹ young stage
Young stage is to finish from the postlarva phase, to having certain speckle color, profile is 60-90 days with till adult fish is similar, and the particle diameter of feed increases to 1mm, enter 14-16 ℃ of the fry rearing water temperature of young stage, can increase to 1.5mm to the 80th day fry feed particle diameter of throwing something and feeding, manufactured feed 5-7 time of throwing something and feeding every day, daily ration, feeding quantity is the 3%-5% of prelarva body weight, this stage quantity of exchanged water increases to 300-400% every day, and cultivating pond fish seedling density is 900-1100 tail/m
2
In the eyed eggs transportation, described eyed eggs accumulated temperature is 245 ℃ of d.
Eyed eggs will carry out disinfection to eliminate entrained pathogene before hatching, soak eyed eggs after 5-10 minute with pvp-I available iodine 100mg/L, washed repeatedly 8-12 minute with clear water again, in the up-flow hatching pail, the water of eyed eggs hatching is the well water of salinity 0-2 ‰, and used well water need be through the precipitation aeration.
Described cultivation pond is the cement pit that scribbles biological lacquer, and cultivating the pond water is the well water of salinity 0-2 ‰.
The manufactured feed of postlarva of throwing something and feeding is the ALLER board feed from Norway's import, and the illumination of cultivating the workshop is 400-500Lux.
Adopt method of the present invention, can obtain a large amount of spot trout seeds.Because the spot trout is particularly suitable for culturing in northern China, can survive the winter naturally in fish culture net cage winter, but northerly part marine site cage culture safe production in summer has improved the utilization ratio of fish culture net cage, greatly for the northern area of China cage culture has increased new efficient breed variety.The spot trout also is fit to carry out industrial aquaculture, and China's existing flounder flounder class factory breeding facility need not to transform and can come into operation the cost of can reducing investment outlay greatly.
By the applicant's research and development, obtained hatching and the breeding condition of spot trout eyed eggs, our experiments show that the incubation rate that can improve spot trout eyed eggs reaches 97%.Simultaneously can make the survival rate of fry reach 92%.This breeding method fry growth is fast, can shorten the culture-cycle, reduces aquaculture cost.The spot trout seedling that the inventive method is cultivated is than common salmon fast growth, yellowish pink bright-coloured, 80 yuan/Kg of market sale price provides reliable technical scheme for China popularizes industrial aquaculture spot trout, and can produce very big economic benefit and social benefit.The inventive method is easy and simple to handle, be easy to promote.
Embodiment
The offspring seed cultivation method of a kind of spot trout, described method is carried out according to following step:
⑴ the eyed eggs transportation of spot trout
Usually eyed eggs is from being transported to China abroad, the transportation of eyed eggs employing dry method low temperature, transport temperature 4-6 ℃, 245 ℃ of d of eyed eggs accumulated temperature this moment.Unpack after transporting to, the fresh water of eyed eggs being put into 6 ℃ adapts to 30min, water temperature is promoted to 10 ℃ gradually again.
⑵ the hatching of eyed eggs
Eyed eggs will carry out disinfection to eliminate entrained pathogene before hatching, as bacterium, virus, parasite etc.Eyed eggs washed 10 minutes repeatedly with clear water after soaking 5-10 minute with pvp-I available iodine 100mg/L, put into the up-flow hatching pail then and carried out the flowing water hatching.10-12 ℃ of hatching water temperature, dissolved oxygen amount 6.0-7.5mg/L, discharge 15-20L/min, eyed eggs hatching water is that salinity is the well water of 0-2 ‰.Water source environment should meet the water quality standard for fishery requirement, and no noxious material pollutes.Used well water need be through the precipitation aeration.Fish-egg begins rupture of membranes when eyed eggs accumulated temperature reaches 335 ℃ of d, should in time remove ovum skin, dead ovum and dead seedling.After prelarva hatched, the operation of band water moved to the workshop with it and cultivates in the pond.Putting seedling density is 1500 tails/m
2, cultivating the pond is the cement pit that scribbles biological lacquer, specification is 5m * 4m, the dark 80-100cm in pond.
⑶ prelarva
Initiatively ingesting period before from hatching the prelarva opening, is 1-11 days, and fish body relies on yolk nutrition during this, is endogenous nutrition.Newly hatched larvae total length 14.25 ± 0.45mm, body weight 85 ± 5mg, physique a little less than, mobility is poor, often crawls in the bottom, poly-heap answers lucifuge to cultivate.Can reduce aeration quantity this moment, makes the water surface be wavy, 10-12 ℃ of this breeding phase water temperature, and salinity 0-2 ‰, do not change water, adds water 5-10% every day, in time remove dead seedling, keeps cultivating the pool environment cleaning.The prelarva ability of moving about strengthens after 5-10 days, is evenly distributed, and prelarva is opening but do not ingest as yet.
⑷ postlarva
Initiatively feeding into the period of yolk sac between absorbing fully from the prelarva opening, is 12-23 days, and fish body not only absorbs exogenous nutrition but also absorb endogenous nutrition during this, is the Combination vegetative phase.Prelarva total length 20.41 ± 0.88mm behind the 10-12d, fry begins come-up, and the particle diameter that can begin to throw something and feed this moment is the manufactured feed of 0.2mm, and the pellet that prelarva is thrown something and fed is the ALLER board special feed from Norway's import, throw something and feed every day manufactured feed 6-8 time, daily ration, feeding quantity is the 4%-6% of prelarva body weight.It is soft to cultivate workshop light, gets final product about light intensity 500Lux.Cultivate 10-12 ℃ of water temperature, salinity 0-2 ‰.This stage need be changed water keep cultivating the pool environment cleaning, quantity of exchanged water every day 100%.Cultivating pond fish seedling density is 1300-1400 tail/m
2
4) the postlarva phase
Be the period of the rapid growth of fish volume morphing structure.Finishing from the yolk sac absorption, till finishing to fin, squama growth, is 24-59 days.The digestive organs of this interim fish are grown rapidly to the grown form of adult fish, and last stomach, intestines, pyloric caecum etc. all reach the distinctive form of each kind and quantity.40 days fry total length 27.69 ± 2.47mm, the fry activity freely, manufactured feed 6-8 time of throwing something and feeding every day, daily ration, feeding quantity is the 4%-6% of prelarva body weight, this moment, the particle diameter of feed can increase to 0.4-0.7mm.Cultivate 10-12 ℃ of water temperature, salinity 0-2 ‰.This stage quantity of exchanged water can increase to 150%-200% every day, and cultivating pond fish seedling density is 1200 tails/m
2About.
5) young stage
Finish from the postlarva phase, to having certain speckle color, profile is with till adult fish is similar, 60-90 days.Fish inside and outside structure is progressively physically well developed, but each ratio and adult are still incomplete same.60 days fry total length 40.4 ± 3.88mm, the particle diameter of feed can increase to 1mm, enters 14-16 ℃ of the fry rearing water temperature of young stage, and this stage can be improved salinity gradually, carries out the transition in 5 ‰ the low salinity water to cultivate.The 80th day fry feed particle diameter of throwing something and feeding can increase to 1.5mm, throw something and feed every day manufactured feed 5-7 time, daily ration, feeding quantity is the 3%-5% of prelarva body weight, can carry out the transition in 10 ‰ the low salinity water to cultivate, this stage quantity of exchanged water can increase to 300-400% every day, and cultivating pond fish seedling density is 1000 tails/m
2About.
Claims (5)
1. the offspring seed cultivation method of a spot trout is characterized in that, described method is carried out according to following step:
⑴ the eyed eggs transportation of, spot trout
The eyed eggs of spot trout adopts the transportation of dry method low temperature, and transport temperature 4-6 ℃, to unpack after transporting to, the fresh water of eyed eggs being put into 5-7 ℃ adapts to 25-35 minute, water temperature is promoted to 9-11 ℃ gradually again;
⑵ the hatching of eyed eggs
Then, eyed eggs is put into the up-flow hatching pail carry out the flowing water hatching, 10-12 ℃ of hatching water temperature, dissolved oxygen amount 6.0-7.5mg/L, discharge 15-20L/min, when eyed eggs accumulated temperature reached 335 ℃ of d, fish-egg began rupture of membranes, should in time remove ovum skin, dead ovum and dead seedling;
⑶ prelarva
Prelarva is initiatively to ingest period before from hatching the prelarva opening, is 1-11 days, and after prelarva hatched, the operation of band water moved to the workshop with it and cultivates in the pond, and putting seedling density is 1500-1600 tail/m
2, at this breeding phase, water temperature 10-12 ℃, do not change water, add water 5-10% every day, in time remove dead seedling, keep to cultivate the pool environment cleaning, the prelarva ability of moving about strengthens after 5-10 days, is evenly distributed, and prelarva is opening but do not ingest as yet;
⑷ postlarva
Postlarva is initiatively to feed into the period of yolk sac between absorbing fully from the prelarva opening, it is 12-23 days, the fish body not only absorbs exogenous nutrition but also absorb endogenous nutrition during this period, fry begins come-up, the particle diameter of throwing something and feeding is the manufactured feed of 0.2mm, throw something and feed every day manufactured feed 6-8 time, daily ration, feeding quantity is the 4%-6% of prelarva body weight, it is soft to keep cultivating workshop light, cultivate 10-12 ℃ of water temperature, this stage need be changed water keep cultivating the pool environment cleaning, and quantity of exchanged water every day 100%, cultivating pond fish seedling density is 1300-1400 tail/m
2
⑸ the postlarva phase
The postlarva phase is the period that fish volume morphing structure is grown rapidly, finish from the yolk sac absorption, to fin, squama grow finish till, be 24-59 days, manufactured feed 6-8 time of throwing something and feeding every day, daily ration, feeding quantity is the 4%-6% of prelarva body weight, this moment, the particle diameter of feed can increase to 0.4-0.7mm, cultivate 10-12 ℃ of water temperature, this stage quantity of exchanged water can increase to 150%-200% every day, and cultivating pond fish seedling density is 1100-1300 tail/m
2
⑹ young stage
Young stage is to finish from the postlarva phase, to having certain speckle color, profile is 60-90 days with till adult fish is similar, and the particle diameter of feed increases to 1mm, enter 14-16 ℃ of the fry rearing water temperature of young stage, can increase to 1.5mm to the 80th day fry feed particle diameter of throwing something and feeding, manufactured feed 5-7 time of throwing something and feeding every day, daily ration, feeding quantity is the 3%-5% of prelarva body weight, this stage quantity of exchanged water increases to 300-400% every day, and cultivating pond fish seedling density is 900-1100 tail/m
2
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: after eyed eggs transported to, described eyed eggs accumulated temperature was 245 ℃ of d.
3. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: eyed eggs will carry out disinfection to eliminate entrained pathogene before hatching, soak eyed eggs after 5-10 minute with pvp-I available iodine 100mg/L, washed repeatedly 8-12 minute with clear water again, in the up-flow hatching pail, the water of eyed eggs hatching is the well water of salinity 0-2 ‰, and used well water need be through the precipitation aeration.
4. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described cultivation pond is the cement pit that scribbles biological lacquer, and cultivating the pond water is the well water of salinity 0-2 ‰.
5. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the manufactured feed of the postlarva of throwing something and feeding is the ALLER board feed from Norway's import, the illumination of cultivating the workshop is 400-500Lux.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105104273A (en) * | 2015-09-22 | 2015-12-02 | 山东省海洋生物研究院 | Oncorhynchus mykiss intermediate cultivation method |
| CN109329135A (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2019-02-15 | 西藏自治区农牧科学院水产科学研究所 | A kind of Lhasa is naked to split buttocks fry rearing method |
| CN111820155A (en) * | 2020-05-28 | 2020-10-27 | 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所 | Pond culture method of eleutheronema tetradactylum |
| CN112626224A (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2021-04-09 | 深圳海关动植物检验检疫技术中心 | Activity detection reagent and method for salmonidae fish eye-growing eggs and application |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105104273A (en) * | 2015-09-22 | 2015-12-02 | 山东省海洋生物研究院 | Oncorhynchus mykiss intermediate cultivation method |
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| CN111820155A (en) * | 2020-05-28 | 2020-10-27 | 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所 | Pond culture method of eleutheronema tetradactylum |
| CN112626224A (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2021-04-09 | 深圳海关动植物检验检疫技术中心 | Activity detection reagent and method for salmonidae fish eye-growing eggs and application |
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Application publication date: 20130904 |