CN111820155A - Pond culture method of eleutheronema tetradactylum - Google Patents
Pond culture method of eleutheronema tetradactylum Download PDFInfo
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- CN111820155A CN111820155A CN202010465392.4A CN202010465392A CN111820155A CN 111820155 A CN111820155 A CN 111820155A CN 202010465392 A CN202010465392 A CN 202010465392A CN 111820155 A CN111820155 A CN 111820155A
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- pond
- fish
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- tetradactylum
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention provides a pond culture method of eleutheronema tetradactylum, which comprises the following steps: (1) ecological construction of pond culture water: hanging and culturing oysters in a pond water inlet ditch to accumulate and culture plankton, omnivorous and herbivorous fishes; arranging a biological floating bed on the water surface of the pond; (2) cultivating mature parent group eleutheronema tetradactylum offspring seeds; (3) and (4) carrying out cultivation management on the seedlings, wherein the cultivation management comprises feeding management, cultivation density control and water body control. The method for culturing eleutheronemate tetradactylum in the pond is used for implementing fine management, is simple and convenient to operate, realizes large-scale production of eleutheronemate and obtains large-batch commercial fish.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fish culture, and particularly relates to a pond culture method of eleutheronema tetradactylum.
Background
The eleutheronema tetradactylum (eleutheronema tetradactylum) is commonly called as a horsefriend, a young bamboo shoot, a fish at noon, a chapter hop and the like, is distributed in western pacific and indian ocean, produces in yellow Bohai sea, east sea and south sea in China, and is more in south Square sea. The fish is a temperate and tropical marine fish, and sometimes enters fresh water. The fish has the characteristics of rapid growth, tender and delicious meat quality and the like, has huge culture space and large consumer groups, and has wide economic prospect.
Adult fish culture refers to culturing fishes to the specification of commercial fish through a series of technical measures so as to supply to domestic and foreign markets and meet the requirements of consumers. The whole adult fish culture process is carried out by creating all favorable conditions to ensure that the culture production develops towards the aspects of improving survival, accelerating growth and reducing cost, which is an important technical link in the adult fish culture of eleutheronema tetradactylum. At present, the culture of eleutheronema tetradactylum is still in the beginning stage in China continent, and a standardized technical system is not formed yet.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for culturing eleutheronema tetradactylum in a pond, which solves the problem of low survival rate of the existing eleutheronema tetradactylum culture.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a pond culture method of eleutheronema tetradactylum comprises the following steps:
(1) ecological construction of pond culture water: hanging and culturing oysters in a pond water inlet ditch to accumulate and culture plankton, omnivorous and herbivorous fishes; arranging a biological floating bed on the water surface of the pond;
(2) cultivating mature parent group eleutheronema tetradactylum offspring seeds;
(3) and (4) carrying out cultivation management on the seedlings, wherein the cultivation management comprises feeding management, cultivation density control and water body control.
In the invention, the treatment of source water before the culture of eleutheronema tetradactylum comprises the following steps: physically settling pond water for 5-7 days by using quick lime, and treating suspended organic matters in the water; flocculating suspended colloids in source water using a water purifying agent comprising alum or polyaluminium chloride; the heavy metal ions were treated with sodium thiosulfate or EDTA.
In the invention, the fish is mullet, siganus oramin and grass carp.
The biological floating bed plant is water spinach.
The oysters, the fishes and the water spinach form a small ecological system. Oysters belong to the genus of filter-feeding mollusks and feed on microscopic algae and organic debris in the water. Mullet and siganus are omnivorous fishes, and grass carp is grass plant edible fish. The oysters are hung in the water inlet ditch to culture plankton feeding fishes and herbivorous fishes, and the water body is filtered around the clock, so that the nutrient substances in the culture water body can be fully utilized, and the environmental pollution can be reduced. The water spinach is an amphibious plant, is fertilizer-resistant, can absorb toxic substances such as mercury, lead, phenol and the like in water, and plays an important role in purifying water.
The method for cultivating the mature parent group offspring seeds specifically comprises the following steps: selecting an individual with lively swimming and no damage to the body surface from a culture group as a backup parent fish, wherein the parent fish feeding density is 6-7/M2(ii) a Feeding parent fish by using a special compound feed for Spanish mackerel, wherein the mass fraction of crude protein is more than or equal to 45 percent, the feeding amount is 3 percent of the weight, the daily bait amount is 30 percent in the morning, the feeding amount is 70 percent in the afternoon, and the feeding is carried out for multiple times; and (3) paving a plastic film above the soil pond in winter, and keeping the temperature in the shed at 18-23 ℃.
In the invention, the feed management feeds the feed according to the principles of fixed quality, fixed time, fixed point and fixed quantity.
The quality determination is carried out by adopting a special feed for the Spanish mackerel, the mass fraction of crude protein is more than or equal to 45 percent, and the feed with different grain diameters is fed according to different growth stages. The feed intake rate and the utilization rate of the cultured fishes are improved by ensuring the palatability and rich nutrition of the feed.
Further, feeding juvenile fish with the total length of 1.2-1.6cm with particle feed with the particle size of 0.4-0.5 mm; feeding 2.0-3.0cm of young and young fish with particle size of 1.4-1.5 mm; feeding juvenile fish with a total length of 3.0cm or more with granulated feed with a particle size of 1.5-2.0 mm.
The timing is the eating habit of feeding the fishes at 8-9 am and 3-4 pm.
The fixed point is that a batch feeder is arranged at the fixed point of the pond to feed the feed. Can prevent the loss of the feed, is beneficial to improving the utilization rate of the feed and knowing the eating condition of the cultured fishes, is convenient for disinfection of food farms and removal of residual feed, and ensures the eating sanitation of the cultured fishes.
The quantitative feeding is to keep the feed amount basically fixed every day so as to realize uniform feeding. Avoid the fish from hunger and saturating, which affects the digestion and growth of the fish.
Further, feeding 3-4 times a day in the initial stage of cultivation, wherein the daily feeding amount is 9% of the weight of the fish, feeding 2 times a day in the later stage, wherein the daily feeding amount is 3% -6% of the weight of the fish, and eating the fish for 1-2 hours is suitable.
The culture density is controlled to be 20 ten thousand pieces/mu.
The water body control comprises water temperature, pH value and dissolved oxygen control.
Further, the water temperature: 22-30 ℃, pH value: 7-8.5 percent and the dissolved oxygen is more than 4 mg/L.
In the invention, the fish is cultured and managed until the weight of the fish is more than 200 g.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the method for culturing eleutheronemate tetradactylum in the pond is used for implementing fine management, is simple and convenient to operate, realizes large-scale production of eleutheronemate and obtains large-batch commercial fish.
(2) The method for culturing eleutheronema tetradactylum in the pond scientifically treats source water, constructs the ecology of pond culture water, regulates and controls water quality in time, scientifically determines culture density, reasonably throws bait, maintains sufficient and balanced nutrition, and has high product quality and considerable benefit.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific examples to better understand and implement the technical solutions of the present invention for those skilled in the art.
A pond culture method of eleutheronema tetradactylum comprises the following steps:
(1) aquaculture source water treatment
When the aquaculture pond is fed with water, the source water is pretreated as follows:
a. a fence and a screen are arranged at a water inlet of a culture water source to block wild impurities, enemy organisms and floaters.
b. And (3) physically settling the pond water for 5-7 days by using quick lime, and treating suspended organic matters in the water.
c. The water purifying agent containing alum or polyaluminium chloride is used for flocculating and treating colloid suspended in water of a water source.
d. Sodium thiosulfate or EDTA is used for treating heavy metal ions which are dissolved in a water body and cannot naturally settle and are in a dissolved state in water source water.
(2) Equipment of culture facility
1 waterwheel type aerator is arranged on the water surface of every 3 mu; each pond is provided with 1 automatic feeder, and 1 fishpond observation and water quality online detection system is arranged in the whole base.
a. The waterwheel type aerator is arranged in the center of the pond or on the windward side to avoid the position of the biological floating bed.
b. 1 wooden platform is taken beside the fishpond, the table top is 1.5 meters higher than the water surface, the batch feeder is fixedly arranged on the platform, and the batch inlet faces to the center of the fishpond.
c. An aquaculture monitoring system is installed in a production workshop, and an anti-theft night vision monitoring system is installed in a fishpond.
d. The water quality on-line monitoring management system monitors the water temperature, the pH value and the dissolved oxygen of the fishpond in real time for 24 hours.
(3) Pond culture water ecology construction
a. Hanging and culturing oysters in the water inlet ditch, and storing and culturing omnivorous and herbivorous fishes; the species are mullet, siganidae, grass carp, etc.
b. A biological floating bed is arranged on the water surface of the pond, the artificial floating island is made of foamed plastic, the area of the artificial floating island is 1/10 of the water surface, and the floating bed plants are water spinach.
c. The culture tail water is treated by a simplified circulation process and is treated by an ecological slope, a biological floating bed and an aerator, and all relevant water quality indexes meet the culture water quality requirement and are recycled.
(4) Cultivating mature parent group eleutheronema tetradactylum offspring seeds
Cultivating mature parent group seedlings, comprising the following steps;
selecting an individual with lively swimming and no damage to the body surface from a culture population as a backup parent fish; the parent fish feeding density is 6-7 fish/M2(ii) a Feeding parent fish by adopting a special feed for Spanish mackerel, wherein the mass fraction of crude protein is more than or equal to 45 percent, the feeding amount is 3 percent of the weight, the daily bait amount is 30 percent in the morning, the feeding amount is 70 percent in the afternoon, and the feeding is carried out for multiple times; and (3) paving a plastic film above the soil pond in winter, and keeping the temperature in the shed at 18-23 ℃.
(5) And (4) carrying out cultivation management on the seedlings, wherein the cultivation management comprises feeding management, cultivation density control and water body control.
a. The adopted offspring seeds have consistent specification, strong physique, bright color, complete and undamaged scales, active and normal swimming and no diseases.
b. Before the offspring seeds are put into the pond, 20-30 fish are put into the pond, water is tested for 24 hours, and whether the drug effect is over after pond cleaning is checked.
c. Culturing density: 20 ten thousand pieces/mu.
d. Controlling the water body: ensuring the water temperature of the water body: 22-30 ℃, pH value: 7-8.5 percent and the dissolved oxygen is more than 4 mg/L.
e. Feeding management
Feeding the feed according to the principles of fixed quality, fixed time, fixed point and fixed quantity.
Quality determination: the special feed for Spanish mackerel is adopted to feed special floating compound feed produced by a regular manufacturer, the mass fraction of crude protein is more than or equal to 45 percent, the safety limit of the feed meets NY5072, the sanitation index meets the regulation of GB l3078, and the feed with different grain sizes is fed according to different growth stages. Specifically, young fishes with the total length of 1.2-1.6cm are fed with particle feed with the particle size of 0.4-0.5 mm; feeding 2.0-3.0cm of young and young fish with particle size of 1.4-1.5 mm; feeding juvenile fish with a total length of 3.0cm or more with granulated feed with a particle size of 1.5-2.0 mm. . The self-made compound feed is used, so that the palatability and the nutrition of the feed are ensured to be rich, and the ingestion rate and the utilization rate of the feed by the cultured fishes are improved.
Timing: generally, the feeding habit of the fishes is formed by feeding the fishes at 8-9 am and 3-4 pm.
Fixed point: and a batch feeder is arranged at a fixed point of the pond to feed the feed. Can prevent the loss of the feed, is beneficial to improving the utilization rate of the feed and knowing the eating condition of the cultured fishes, is convenient for disinfection of food farms and removal of residual feed, and ensures the eating sanitation of the cultured fishes.
Quantification: the feed amount is kept basically fixed every day, and the feed is fed uniformly. Avoid the fish from hunger and saturating, which affects the digestion and growth of the fish. Specifically, feeding is carried out 3-4 times a day in the initial stage of cultivation, the daily feeding amount is 9% of the weight of the fish, feeding is carried out 2 times a day in the later stage, the daily feeding amount is 3% -6% of the weight of the fish, and the fish can be eaten after 1-2 h. Feeding floating feed with different grain sizes according to different growth stages.
f. Fishing and marketing: the standard of the culture to the market is more than 200g, and the whole pond is fished at one time.
Plastic films are laid above a small part of ponds for heat preservation, and the whole pond is put into the market from overwintering to the spring of the next year, so that higher economic income is obtained.
The culture period of the invention is 6 months, the eleutheronema tetradactylum is harvested and put into the market in the current year, the survival rate of the eleutheronema tetradactylum is more than 80%, and the yield reaches 1500-2000 kg/mu.
The above embodiments illustrate various embodiments of the present invention in detail, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art can achieve the objectives of the present invention based on the disclosure of the present invention, and any modifications and variations based on the concept of the present invention fall within the scope of the present invention, which is defined by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A pond culture method of eleutheronema tetradactylum is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) ecological construction of pond culture water: hanging and culturing oysters in a pond water inlet ditch to accumulate and culture plankton, omnivorous and herbivorous fishes; arranging a biological floating bed on the water surface of the pond;
(2) cultivating mature parent group eleutheronema tetradactylum offspring seeds;
(3) and (4) carrying out cultivation management on the seedlings, wherein the cultivation management comprises feeding management, cultivation density control and water body control.
2. The method for pond culture of eleutheronemate tetradactyloides as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fish is mullet, siganus oramin, grass carp; the biological floating bed plant is water spinach.
3. The pond culture method of eleutheronema tetradactylum according to claim 1, wherein the method for cultivating mature parent group offspring seeds specifically comprises the following steps: selecting an individual with lively swimming and no damage to the body surface from a culture group as a backup parent fish, wherein the parent fish feeding density is 6-7/M2(ii) a Feeding parent fish by using a special compound feed for Spanish mackerel, wherein the mass fraction of crude protein is more than or equal to 45 percent, the feeding amount is 3 percent of the weight, the daily bait amount is 30 percent in the morning, the feeding amount is 70 percent in the afternoon, and the feeding is carried out for multiple times; and (3) paving a plastic film above the soil pond in winter, and keeping the temperature in the shed at 18-23 ℃.
4. A method for the pond culture of eleutheronema tetradactylum according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the feed management feeds the feed according to the principles of fixed quality, fixed time, fixed point and fixed quantity.
5. The pond culture method of eleutheronemate tetradactylum according to claim 4, wherein the quality control is implemented by adopting a special feed for eleutheronemate, the mass fraction of crude protein is more than or equal to 45%, and feeds with different particle sizes are fed according to different growth stages.
6. The pond culture method of eleutheronemate tetradactylum according to claim 5, wherein juvenile fish with a total length of 1.2-1.6cm is fed with particle feed with a particle size of 0.4-0.5 mm; feeding 2.0-3.0cm of young and young fish with particle size of 1.4-1.5 mm; feeding juvenile fish with a total length of 3.0cm or more with granulated feed with a particle size of 1.5-2.0 mm.
7. The method for culturing eleutheronema tetradactylum in a pond according to claim 4, wherein the timing is 8-9 am and 3-4 pm, and the fish is fed with the feed habit.
8. The method for pond culture of eleutheronema tetradactylum according to claim 4, wherein the quantitative feeding amount is kept basically constant every day, and the feeding is uniform.
9. The pond culture method of eleutheronema tetradactylum according to claim 8, wherein the fish is fed 3-4 times a day in the initial stage of culture, the daily feeding amount is 9% of the weight of the fish, the fish is fed 2 times a day in the later stage, the daily feeding amount is 3% -6% of the weight of the fish, and the fish is eaten after 1-2 h.
10. The method for pond culture of eleutheronema tetradactylum according to claim 1, wherein the culture density is controlled to be 20 ten thousand/mu.
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Cited By (1)
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