CN101647413B - Method for transforming feeding habits of juvenile fishes of large acipenser sinensis - Google Patents
Method for transforming feeding habits of juvenile fishes of large acipenser sinensis Download PDFInfo
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- CN101647413B CN101647413B CN2008100415733A CN200810041573A CN101647413B CN 101647413 B CN101647413 B CN 101647413B CN 2008100415733 A CN2008100415733 A CN 2008100415733A CN 200810041573 A CN200810041573 A CN 200810041573A CN 101647413 B CN101647413 B CN 101647413B
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- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention provides a method for transforming feeding habits of a juvenile fishes of large acipenser sinensis, which relates to the feeding habit domestication of the juvenile fishes of the acipenser sinensis. The method required to be provided for performing the feeding habit domestication on the juvenile fishes of the large acipenser sinensis comprises the processes of domestication at fixed place and fixed time, hunger stimulation, ecological strengthening and feed domestication, and is characterized in that: after the domestication at fixed place and fixed time is completed, tubificidae feeding is stopped for 3 days, the tubificidae is fed at the fixed place and fixed time on the 24th day, and the tubificidae feeding is stopped from the 25-27th day for 3 days so that the juvenile fishes are in a hungry state; in the artificial feed domesticating process, water temperature stimulation and water flow stimulation domestication are carried out; through the combination of the domestication at fixed place and fixed time, the hunger stimulation and the ecological strengthening, the tubificidae is gradually reduced in the artificial feed domestication every day, and the proportion of the artificial feed is gradually increased; on the 57th day, the tubificidae accounts for 15 percent, and the artificial feed accounts for 85 percent; nextly, on the 58-67th days, tubificidae juice is poured on the artificial feed, and the content of the tubificidae juice is gradually reduced every day until the tubificidae juice is not added at all.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the feeding habits method for transformation of big individual mandarin sturgeon juvenile fish.
Background technology
Mandarin sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis Gray) is China first class of protection animal, is called " panda in the water ", " national treasure " again, has very important significance for the protection of studying species, has high science, society, ecological Studies value.It is a kind of very ancient fish, and apart from modern existing more than 100,005,000 ten thousand years history, coeval most of biology all becomes extinct, so mandarin sturgeon is called as the living fossil in the water.The mandarin sturgeon life-span is long, and sexual maturity evening, male sexual maturation cycle is more than 9 years, and female up to more than 16 years.Mandarin sturgeon mainly is distributed in the Changjiang river, be sea, a kind of river migration fishes, mainly live in the ocean its all one's life, the sexual maturity individuality enters the Changjiang river by the coastal waters 5～June, trace back thousands of kilometers, Chuanjiang River section to river, downstream, Jinsha jiang River section that arrives Upper Yangtze River 9～November is carried out egg reproduction (dam in the Ge Zhou Ba before), and dam in the Ge Zhou Ba in addition, and the spawning ground disappears on original dam, back, and section forms fairly large spawning ground in the lower reaches of the Changjiang River, Ge Zhou Ba, Yichang.Young juvenile fish after the hatching falls the river and descends then, arrives the entrance of Changjiang River 5～June of next year; 7～August is at degree of saltiness water river mouth forage; Going into the sea after September fattens pass the winter the river breeding migration of tracing back again after sexual maturity.
Show by food composition of waters, entrance of Changjiang River in 5～September in 2006 the mandarin sturgeon juvenile fish of analyzing and researching and the month variation of ingesting, entrance of Changjiang River mandarin sturgeon juvenile fish is main food with dwell small fishes, Polychaeta and amphipoda of the end, some the small-sized zoobenthos such as food shrimps, crab class and lamellibranch of holding concurrently.The grazing rate and the intensity of feeding of juvenile fish are higher, and the intensity of feeding exists the month variation.The main bait biotic component has tangible monthly variation.Wherein May, main food species was Polychaeta and crab class, and be fish and amphipoda June, and be fish and Polychaeta July, and it is less and pass and be empty stomach for a long time apart from working the time of catching to gather sample August, and be fish and shrimps September.Along with the change and the individual growth of the variation in month, habitat, the mandarin sturgeon juvenile fish turns to the kind of single relatively large-scale food monoid gradually by the kind of the multiple small-sized food monoid of ingesting, and the food individuality has the trend that increases gradually.By comparing discovery with historical summary, once be the Yong class of the important bait of juvenile fish, find that under study for action ratio is minimum, its percentage by weight only accounts for 1.81%; And the goby class proportion in food that had not write down in the past is higher, and its percentage by weight reaches 50.54%; Etc. sufficient class also record not in the past, its frequency of occurrences reaches 10.07%.Therefore the mandarin sturgeon juvenile fish zoobenthos that mainly ingests belongs to the animal feeding habits.
A lot of famous and precious predacious fishes are developed to the breed new varieties gradually in the aquaculture at present, but because its fresh and alive supply of forage difficulty, large-scale intensive culture is restricted, and adopt artificial feed to throw something and feed and to address this problem well, can guarantee supply of forage whenever and wherever possible, and good and cheap, reduce the rate of falling ill, in breed, pay the utmost attention to artificial feed.Yet these famous and precious fish carry out must carrying out effective domestication before the intensive culture, make it to turn to the artifical compound feed of ingesting by the fresh and alive feed of originally ingesting, and just are convenient to large-scale farming.Change in the food process in domestication, if method is improper, will directly cause the domestication failure, the fish of the food of taming and dociling are all hungry to death, directly have influence on productivity effect.This at present domestication is very difficult, and success rate is very low.
The conventional method of general predacious fish domestication is as follows: select the small dimension seed; Select suitable bait of taming and dociling food; Follow suitable tame and docile food process.In tame and docile food process, in fresh food, progressively add manufactured feed, reduce the content of fresh food, perhaps change again and feed the artificial feed that add bait, reduce the content of bait then gradually, the manufactured feed of throwing something and feeding fully at last.It is reported that the domestication mode of wild Nian parent population is as follows: can set up 2～3 food platforms in the parent fish pond, be convenient to concentrate and throw something and feed, observe the food situation.Incipient stage, the fresh and alive fish of some low values of can throwing something and feeding (silver carp, flathead and some wild fisheses) and arrange in pairs or groups some dead fishes and livestock and poultry offcuts.Through throwing something and feeding of 2 weeks.Reduce fresh and alive fish gradually, strengthen the ratio of dead fish and livestock and poultry offcuts, and the food group that throws something and feeds simultaneously and rub up by fish meal and flour.Feeding volume can be adjusted according to the surplus bait of food platform what and variation of water.But this conventional method is for mandarin sturgeon, especially big individual mandarin sturgeon juvenile fish, be difficult to during domestication successfully, mandarin sturgeon often all can be died of hunger, therefore this has the species of ancient evolutionary history characteristics for mandarin sturgeon, must carry out innovation and creation at its physiology and ecological characteristic, just may the domestication success.
It is extremely important to tame and docile the food specification in the tame and docile food process of predacious fish, generally speaking, individuality is more little, and the plasticity of feeding habits is big more, tame and docile food is easy more, in general all be to carry out domestication in the little individual fish seed stage, pure as the river is about 2～4cm, and zander is about 5cm, the California perch is 5～6cm, southern catfish is about 7cm, and the domestication of these fish all belongs to conventional method, and technological means does not have innovative point.Individuality is big more, and the feeding habits of fish have become set and have been difficult to domestication, and therefore big individual predacious fish domestication is an aquatic products industry difficult point for a long time, and the normal conventional method often is difficult to prove effective, and directly causes taming and dociling the food failure.Generally speaking, on the basis of conventional predacious fish domestication, innovate, the feeding habits method for transformation that big individual mandarin sturgeon juvenile fish is propagated in the research invention artificially is very important and difficult task.
Summary of the invention
Technical solution problem of the present invention provides a kind ofly carries out the method for domestication to the mandarin sturgeon juvenile fish of big individuality, makes it transfer the artificial feed of ingesting to by the Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri of ingesting, and reduces the cultural technique difficulty, reduces aquaculture cost, improves the mandarin sturgeon juvenile fish and cultures survival rate.
Technical scheme of the present invention is made up of regularly fixed point domestication, hungry stimulation, intensified ecological, feed domestication technology, it is characterized in that: select total length more than 25cm, body weight begins domestication the big preferably individual mandarin sturgeon juvenile fish of the health more than the 50g, vigor is supported 5 days temporarily in the pond after, half Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri in total daily ration, feeding quantity is placed the bait table in breed pond at 6-10 days, second half is spread in the pond, next only Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri is placed the bait table domestication of fixing a point to ingest in 11-20 days; Every day regularly the mornings 9 point, select the bait of throwing something and feeding afternoon 4 and carry out the timing domestication of ingesting; After regularly the fixed point domestication is finished, Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri 3 days stopped to throw something and feed in 21-23 days, make juvenile fish be in starvation, the 24th day Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri of regularly fixing a point to throw something and feed, 25-27 days Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri 3 days that begin and stop to throw something and feed, make juvenile fish be in starvation, begin artificial feed domestication process then: water temperature increases progressively gradually in the artificial feed domestication process, and water temperature improved 1 ℃ in per 3 days, carries out water temperature and stimulates domestication, be raised to 25 ℃, totally 30 days from 15 ℃; Kept 25 ℃ of water temperatures on the 57th day later on; Keep in the artificial feed domestication process culturing in the pond being in cycle water, form certain current, about flow velocity 1 cel, ingesting of juvenile fish carried out current stimulate domestication; Through regularly fixed point domestication, the hungry stimulation combines with intensified ecological, the domestication of beginning artificial feed, beginning in the 28th day is is regularly thrown something and fed on bait table every day, begin all to throw something and feed Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, then artificial feed are ground, be blended in the Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, reduce Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri every day gradually, increase the artificial feed ratio gradually, in the time of the 47th day, Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri and artificial feed respectively account for half, next 48-57 days, reduce Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri every day gradually, increase the artificial feed ratio gradually, in the time of the 57th day, Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri accounts for 15%, and artificial feed account for 85%, and then used gauze expressed water earthworm juice in 58-67 days, Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri juice is watered on artificial feed, reduce Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri juice content every day gradually, do not add Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri juice until the 67th day fully.
The invention has the advantages that through regularly fixed point domestication, begin the artificial feed domestication behind hungry the stimulation, multiple strengthening and breeding environment in conjunction with ecological factors such as temperature and current during domestication are controlled, promote the mandarin sturgeon juvenile fish artificial feed of ingesting, in the domestication process, regularly dynamically the mandarin sturgeon juvenile fish is carried out sizing screening, reduce the competitive pressure of ingesting, the domestication mode of comprehensive regulation, the domestication success rate is increased to 90% or more that (the domestication method of routine is only tamed by the variation of bait component ratio, be difficult to succeed, directly cause the domestication failure).
Embodiment
The present invention's " feeding habits of propagating big individual mandarin sturgeon juvenile fish artificially transform " takes 67 days altogether.Implement as follows by the time process:
Select healthy, the big preferably individual mandarin sturgeon juvenile fish of vigor, in general total length is more than 25cm, and body weight is more than 50g.Culturing pool area is 1 square metre, 65 centimetres of the depth of waters, and each pond can be put in a suitable place to breed about 10 tails, will culture pond liquor potassic permanganate soaking disinfection earlier, discharges water after cleaning, and puts into the mandarin sturgeon juvenile fish then.In the pond, support temporarily and begin domestication after 5 days.
Set up bait table in culturing the pond, at 6-10 days half Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri in total daily ration, feeding quantity is placed bait table, second half is spread in the pond, next only Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri is placed bait table to ingest for mandarin sturgeon in 11-20 days, to the mandarin sturgeon domestication of fixing a point to ingest.Every day regularly the mornings 9 point, select the bait of throwing something and feeding afternoon 4, and mandarin sturgeon is carried out the timing domestication of ingesting.
After regularly the fixed point domestication is finished, Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri 3 days stopped to throw something and feed in 21-23 days, make the mandarin sturgeon juvenile fish be in starvation, the 24th day fixed point Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri of throwing something and feeding regularly, Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri 3 days began and stopped to throw something and feed in 25-27 days, make the mandarin sturgeon juvenile fish be in starvation, begin artificial feed domestication process then.
Water temperature increases progressively gradually in the artificial feed domestication process, improves 1 ℃ since the 28th day per 3 days water temperatures, carries out water temperature and stimulates domestication, is raised to 25 ℃, totally 30 days from 15 ℃; Kept 25 ℃ of water temperatures on the 57th day later on.Keep in the artificial feed domestication process culturing in the pond being in cycle water, form certain current, flow velocity carries out current to ingesting of mandarin sturgeon juvenile fish and stimulates domestication about 1 cel.
Through regularly fixed point domestication, behind hungry the stimulation, combine with intensified ecological, the domestication of beginning artificial feed, beginning in the 28th day is is regularly thrown something and fed on the bait table of setting up every day, begins all to throw something and feed Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, then artificial feed is ground, be blended in the Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, reduce Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri every day gradually, increase the artificial feed ratio gradually, in the time of the 47th day, Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri and artificial feed respectively account for half, next 48-57 days, reduce Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri every day gradually, increase the artificial feed ratio gradually, in the time of the 57th day, Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri accounts for 15%, and artificial feed account for 85%, and then uses gauze expressed water earthworm juice in 58-67 days, Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri juice is watered on artificial feed, reduce Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri juice content every day gradually, do not add Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri juice fully until the 67th day, so far the domestication process is finished.
In the domestication process, according to ingesting and upgrowth situation, regularly dynamically the mandarin sturgeon juvenile fish is assigned to excellent, in, in bad 3 ponds, reduce the competitive influence of ingesting that individual difference causes, observed ingesting and upgrowth situation of each pond mandarin sturgeon juvenile fish in per 5 days, according to excellent, in, bad 3 levels, mandarin sturgeon is dynamically adjusted in 3 ponds, can improve the domestication success rate greatly like this.
In whole domestication process, must keep the breeding environment peace and quiet, above culturing the pond, add a cover sun net, avoid high light, keep low light environment.For avoiding the unnecessary bait polluted water of not eating up, each bait throwing in will remain bait siphon pipe sucking-off after 1 hour.
Tamed big individual mandarin sturgeon juvenile fish 60 tails in 2008 altogether, tame successfully 55 tails, success rate is 91.67%.
Claims (4)
1. the feeding habits method for transformation of big individual mandarin sturgeon juvenile fish, form by regularly fixed point domestication, hungry stimulation, intensified ecological, feed domestication technology, it is characterized in that: select total length more than 25cm, body weight begins domestication the big preferably individual mandarin sturgeon juvenile fish of the health more than the 50g, vigor is supported 5 days temporarily in the pond after, half Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri in total daily ration, feeding quantity is placed the bait table in breed pond at 6-10 days, second half is spread in the pond, next only Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri is placed the bait table domestication of fixing a point to ingest in 11-20 days; Every day regularly the mornings 9 point, select the bait of throwing something and feeding afternoon 4 and carry out the timing domestication of ingesting; After regularly the fixed point domestication is finished, Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri 3 days stopped to throw something and feed in 21-23 days, make juvenile fish be in starvation, the 24th day Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri of regularly fixing a point to throw something and feed, 25-27 days Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri 3 days that begin and stop to throw something and feed, make juvenile fish be in starvation, begin artificial feed domestication process then: water temperature increases progressively gradually in the artificial feed domestication process, and water temperature improved 1 ℃ in per 3 days, carries out water temperature and stimulates domestication, be raised to 25 ℃, totally 30 days from 15 ℃; Kept 25 ℃ of water temperatures on the 57th day later on; Keep in the artificial feed domestication process culturing in the pond being in cycle water, form certain current, about flow velocity 1 cel, ingesting of juvenile fish carried out current stimulate domestication; Through regularly fixed point domestication, the hungry stimulation combines with intensified ecological, the domestication of beginning artificial feed, beginning in the 28th day is is regularly thrown something and fed on bait table every day, begin all to throw something and feed Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, then artificial feed are ground, be blended in the Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, reduce Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri every day gradually, increase the artificial feed ratio gradually, in the time of the 47th day, Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri and artificial feed respectively account for half, next 48-57 days, reduce Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri every day gradually, increase the artificial feed ratio gradually, in the time of the 57th day, Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri accounts for 15%, and artificial feed account for 85%, and then used gauze expressed water earthworm juice in 58-67 days, Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri juice is watered on artificial feed, reduce Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri juice content every day gradually, do not add Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri juice until the 67th day fully.
2. the feeding habits method for transformation of big individual mandarin sturgeon juvenile fish according to claim 1, it is characterized in that in domestication, according to ingesting and upgrowth situation, regularly dynamically with mandarin sturgeon juvenile fish sizing screening to excellent, in, in bad 3 ponds, reduce the competition of ingesting that individual difference causes.
3. the feeding habits method for transformation of big individual mandarin sturgeon juvenile fish according to claim 1, it is characterized in that keeping in the domestication breeding environment peace and quiet, above culturing the pond, add a cover sun net, avoid high light, keep low light environment, each bait throwing in will remain bait siphon pipe sucking-off after 1 hour, avoid the unnecessary bait polluted water of not eating up.
4. according to the feeding habits method for transformation of claim 1 or 2 or 3 described big individual mandarin sturgeon juvenile fish, it is characterized in that culturing pool area is 1 square metre, 65 centimetres of the depth of waters, put in a suitable place to breed about 10 tails in each pond, culture the pond and use earlier the liquor potassic permanganate soaking disinfection, discharge water after cleaning, put into the mandarin sturgeon juvenile fish then.
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| CN104247682A (en) * | 2013-06-27 | 2014-12-31 | 叶旖龙 | Culturing method for hybrid marble goby |
| CN103329830B (en) * | 2013-07-12 | 2015-03-11 | 中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所 | Wild-training method for improving feeding ability of released Acipenser dabryanus |
| CN107318721A (en) * | 2017-08-04 | 2017-11-07 | 安徽省泾县丰瑞水产科技有限公司 | A kind of sturgeon seed live body open-mouthed bait breeding method |
| CN107455297B (en) * | 2017-09-25 | 2020-10-27 | 贵州锦润水产品有限责任公司 | Industrial burbot breeding method for improving proportion of fish livers |
| CN107950438A (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2018-04-24 | 安徽省农业科学院水产研究所 | A kind of quick feed acclimation method of Micropterus salmonoides |
| CN109349166B (en) * | 2018-09-03 | 2020-04-28 | 中国长江三峡集团公司中华鲟研究所 | Wild training method for Chinese sturgeons |
| CN110100771B (en) * | 2019-06-13 | 2021-07-20 | 宁波大学 | Rapid domestication method for young cultured pomfret |
| CN116369250B (en) * | 2023-03-16 | 2023-12-12 | 中国长江三峡集团有限公司中华鲟研究所 | Acipenser dabryanus feeding training method |
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| CN1748488A (en) * | 2004-09-15 | 2006-03-22 | 中国科学院海洋研究所 | The mandarin sturgeon seawater acclimation method |
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| CN1748488A (en) * | 2004-09-15 | 2006-03-22 | 中国科学院海洋研究所 | The mandarin sturgeon seawater acclimation method |
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| 林金忠等.中华鲟的移地养殖.《厦门大学学报》.1999,第38卷(第6期),第957-960页. * |
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