CN101743915B - Cultivation method for enhancing physique of weak young Chinese sturgeon - Google Patents
Cultivation method for enhancing physique of weak young Chinese sturgeon Download PDFInfo
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- CN101743915B CN101743915B CN2008102075100A CN200810207510A CN101743915B CN 101743915 B CN101743915 B CN 101743915B CN 2008102075100 A CN2008102075100 A CN 2008102075100A CN 200810207510 A CN200810207510 A CN 200810207510A CN 101743915 B CN101743915 B CN 101743915B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method for enhancing the physique of weak young Chinese sturgeon, relating to seed cultivation technique in aquiculture and aiming at the technical problem needed to be solved; the technical proposal thereof comprises screening of the weak, enhancement by baits, pond classification, environmental regulation and control, regulation and control of water quality and food habit domestication, the method is characterized by comprising the steps: screening the weak young Chinese sturgeon for cultivation in another pond; feeding live baits, like live tubificidae or zooplankton, to the weak young Chinese sturgeon starting to eat during the baby stage; classifying the resultant physique-enhanced young Chinese sturgeons to another pond and classifying the young Chinese sturgeons with about the same size in one pond; setting light source, depth of water, flow speed of water, dissolved oxygen of water, water temperature, pH value, limit amount of ammonia nitrogen, transparency of water for the cultivation pond and further carrying out the procedures of daily change of water, removal of residual baits, washing of feeding platform and prevention and treatment of diseases; and during the young stage, implementing food habit domestication and gradually decreasing the amount of tubificidae and increasing the amount of artificial feed day by day. The method is used for the physique-enhanced cultivation of weak young Chinese sturgeon.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the seed rearing technology of aquaculture.
Background technology
Mandarin sturgeon is that China's one-level is laid special stress on protecting wildlife, is a kind of very ancient fish, and apart from modern existing more than 100,000,000 year history, it is called as " panda in the water ", " national treasure ", has high scientific research value.Mandarin sturgeon is sea, a kind of river migration fishes, and mainly live in the ocean all one's life, and sexual maturity gets into the Changjiang river by the coastal waters individual 5～June, arrives the Upper Yangtze River egg reproduction 9～November.Young juvenile fish after the hatching falls the river and descends then, arrives the entrance of Changjiang River 5～June of next year, and 7～August is forage in degree of saltiness water river mouth, goes into the sea after September and fattens and pass the winter the river breeding migration of after sexual maturity, tracing back again.
China extremely payes attention to mandarin sturgeon protection work.Nineteen eighty-two has been carried out the test of mandarin sturgeon artificial propagation, and the mandarin sturgeon of hastening parturition first in 1984 is succeedd.All having every year the mandarin sturgeon of certain scale to breed in recent years releases.Two throw in mandarin sturgeon prelarva 5,000,000 tails to the Changjiang river during the last ten years according to the preliminary statistics, about 300,000 tails of annual have the more stable scale of releasing every year.
At present to the more existing reports of the seed rearing of mandarin sturgeon; Like people such as Li Luoxin, Xiao Yizhe, Wan Songliang, Rao Jun, Zhang Dehua mandarin sturgeon seed rearing technology has been done certain research, yet these technological achievements all are the breeding methods to normal mandarin sturgeon seed.In the mandarin sturgeon seed acclimatization culture stage; No matter adopt artifical compound feed, natural bait or mixed feed to tame, all can have the certain proportion seed to occur not ingesting or the bad phenomenon of ingesting, and then a considerable amount of weak seedlings occur; These weak seedling bodily form slight of statures, dead easily.The cultivation method for enhancing physique that does not also have at present the weak seedling of a kind of special pin mandarin sturgeon seed.These weak seedlings are often improper because of domesticating method, and are hungry or malnutritive and dead, cause than large economy to seed rearing and lose.Therefore create a kind of special cultivation method for enhancing physique to the weak seedling of mandarin sturgeon larvae juvenile fish and be very important, it is all significant in scientific research and production practices to improve the mandarin sturgeon weed survival rate.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to the problem that occurs weak seedling in the mandarin sturgeon seed rearing cultivation method for enhancing physique of the weak seedling of a kind of mandarin sturgeon larvae juvenile fish to be provided.
Technical scheme of the present invention is utilized the physiology and the ecosystem characterization of mandarin sturgeon larvae juvenile fish; The weak seedling screening of integrated use, bait reinforcements, classification branch pond, environment conditioning, regulating and controlling water quality, domestication improve the survival rate of mandarin sturgeon larvae juvenile fish cultivation, it is characterized in that: select bodily form slight of stature, head greatly, tails elongated; Move about slow, ingest slower or less, the weak seedling of certain apocleisis situation is arranged, the weak seedling that will have these characteristics screens in the other pond to be cultivated specially; Weak seedling screening is carried out every day, finds that weak seedling carries out reinforced cultivating with regard in time taking out, in order to avoid dead; Throw something and feed behind the weak seedling opening of mandarin sturgeon larval stages running water earthworm or zooplankton live bait, the number of times 9 times of throwing something and feeding every day, the morning, afternoon and evening respectively 3 times; Weak seedling of mandarin sturgeon postlarva stage, the Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri number of times of throwing something and feeding every day alive 6 times, the morning, afternoon and evening each 2 times; Weak seedling of mandarin sturgeon juvenile fish stage, the number of times of throwing something and feeding every day is 3 times, the morning, afternoon and evening respectively 1 time at the starting stage Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri alive of still throwing something and feeding, begins domestication in the later stage, the bait that mixes of throw something and feed Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri and artificial feed; Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri is one of hobby bait of mandarin sturgeon seed, on a small quantity repeatedly, can promote to ingest when throwing something and feeding, and strengthens and improves physique; Domestication was postponed to the juvenile fish stage, because the physique of juvenile fish mandarin sturgeon during the stage will reach better level, this moment, domestication can improve survival rate; In the cultivating process of seedling, some seed physique is recovered better a little less than the mandarin sturgeon larvae juvenile fish, and growth is very fast, and it is not only much but also faster to ingest, and need these have been obtained the seed classification that enhancing physique is cultivated, and screens in the other pond; In addition because of the difference of ingesting; Weak seedling also can cause individual size difference to some extent because of the growth rate difference; Also need seedling classification a little less than these be carried out the enhancing physique cultivation in different ponds; The weak seedling that individuality is close divides to 1 pond, can avoid like this removing the bait of ingesting because of individual difference causes a little less than some seedling to be difficult to obtain sufficient chance; Breeding density also need divide the pond dilution, larval stages breeding density 300 tails/m along with individual growth
3, postlarva stage breeding density 100 tails/m
3, juvenile fish stage breeding density 15 tails/m
3Behind the classification branch pond physique preferably the mandarin sturgeon seed can in time carry out domestication; Mandarin sturgeon demoulding prelarva has the light of becoming, upwards moves about the end of from, behaviouristics characteristic such as migration; Also have act of concealment alevin stage, and have the characteristic of selecting white substrate habitat, therefore above the cultivation pond, place 1 light source more than the 1000lx in the mandarin sturgeon prelarva nurturing period; The depth of water remains on 50 centimetres; Cultivate the slow-flowing stream that forms 2 cels in the pond, cultivation is used the white ceramic tiles shop fixtures at the bottom of the pond, and becomes 5 little caves with the gravelstone indignation; The dissolved oxygen that guarantees water body is greater than 6.5mg/L; Temperature maintenance is at 20～22 ℃, and pH maintains 7～8, and ammonia nitrogen is less than 0.03mg/L, and transparency is more than 45cm; Change water about 1/3 every day, must remove residual bait every day, scrubs food platform and airing; With potassium permanganate 1～3mg/L or 30 gram/m
3Formalin is prevented and treated disease; Cultivate through prelarva and the enhancing physique in postlarva stage, the physique of mandarin sturgeon can reach better level, and the juvenile fish stage is carried out domestication, and is of fixed place and time during the every day bait throwing in; Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri 3 days that stop before the domestication throwing something and feeding make the mandarin sturgeon juvenile fish be in starvation, the 4th day fixed point Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri of throwing something and feeding regularly, beginning in the 5th day Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri 3 days that stop again throwing something and feeding; Make the mandarin sturgeon juvenile fish be in starvation, behind regularly fixed point domestication, the hungry stimulation, begin artificial feed domestication process then, regularly throw something and feed on the bait table of setting up every day; Begin all to throw something and feed Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, then artificial feed are ground, be blended in the Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, reduce Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri every day gradually; Increase the artificial feed ratio gradually, in the time of the 30th day, Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri and artificial feed respectively account for half the; Next reduce Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri every day gradually, increase the artificial feed ratio gradually, in the time of the 50th day; Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri accounts for 15%, and artificial feed account for 85%, and and then 10 days with gauze expressed water earthworm juice; Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri juice is watered on artificial feed, reduce Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri juice content every day gradually, until not adding Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri juice fully.
The present invention utilizes physiology and the ecosystem characterization of the young juvenile fish of mandarin sturgeon; Created the method that the weak seedling screening of the tight integrated use of a cover science, bait reinforcement, classification branch pond, environment conditioning, regulating and controlling water quality, domestication combine; The weak seedling of screening in time; Increase the Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri number of times of throwing something and feeding, the physique of mandarin sturgeon seed is strengthened.In time the mandarin sturgeon seed is carried out classification branch pond, make it obtain sufficient chance and remove the bait of ingesting.Postpone domestication to the juvenile fish stage,, make the mandarin sturgeon juvenile fish artificial feed of finally ingesting, avoided weak seedling often improper, hungry or malnutritive and dead phenomenon because of domesticating method through reducing the Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri ratio gradually behind regularly fixed point domestication, the hungry stimulation.
Embodiment
1. weak seedling screening: in cultivating the pond, filter out weak seedling.Select promptly that bodily form slight of stature, head are big, tails elongated; Move about slow, feeding activity is slow or it is less to ingest, the weak seedling of certain apocleisis situation is arranged, the weak seedling that will have these characteristics screens in the other pond to be cultivated specially, weak seedling screening is carried out every day, finds that weak seedling just in time takes out to carry out reinforced cultivating, in order to avoid death.
2. bait is strengthened: throw something and feed behind the weak seedling opening of mandarin sturgeon larval stages running water earthworm or zooplankton live bait, Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri through flowing water flushing, disinfection by ultraviolet light, mince the back and spare along the bucket wall and spill.Broken section of Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri increases and increases gradually according to the fry bore; Throw something and feed every day number of times 9 times, the morning, afternoon and evening each 3 times; Each feeding volume is about 15% of a body weight.Weak seedling of mandarin sturgeon postlarva stage, the Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri number of times of throwing something and feeding every day alive 6 times, the morning, afternoon and evening each 2 times; Broken section of Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri increases and increases gradually according to the fry bore; Each feeding volume is about 12% of a body weight.Weak seedling of mandarin sturgeon juvenile fish stage; The number of times of throwing something and feeding every day is 3 times, and the morning, afternoon and evening each 1 time are at the starting stage Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri alive of still throwing something and feeding; Each feeding volume is about 8% of a body weight; Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri need not mince, and after juvenile fish physique is recovered better, begins domestication, the bait that mixes of throw something and feed Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri and artificial feed; Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri is one of hobby bait of mandarin sturgeon seed, on a small quantity repeatedly, can promote to ingest when throwing something and feeding, and strengthens and improves physique; Domestication was postponed to the juvenile fish stage, because the physique of juvenile fish mandarin sturgeon during the stage will reach better level, this moment, domestication can improve survival rate;
3. classification divides the pond: in the cultivating process of seedling, some seed physique is recovered better a little less than mandarin sturgeon prelarva, postlarva, juvenile fish, and growth is very fast, and it is not only fast but also fast to ingest, and needs these to obtain the seed classification that enhancing physique is cultivated, and screens in the other pond.Because of the difference of ingesting, weak seedling the growth rate difference also can occur and cause individual size in addition, also need seedling classification a little less than these be carried out the enhancing physique cultivation in different ponds, and the weak seedling that individuality is close divides to 1 pond.Can avoid like this removing the bait of ingesting because of individual difference causes a little less than some seedling to be difficult to obtain sufficient chance.Breeding density also need divide the pond dilution along with individual growth.Larval stages breeding density 300 tails/m
3, promptly in 0.5 cubic metre cultivation pond, put into the firm membrane prelarva of 150 tails; Postlarva stage breeding density 100 tails/m
3, juvenile fish stage breeding density 15 tails/m
3Behind the classification branch pond physique preferably the mandarin sturgeon seed can in time carry out domestication.
4. environment conditioning: research shows, behaviouristics characteristics such as mandarin sturgeon demoulding prelarva has the light of becoming, upwards moves about the end of from, migration.Also have act of concealment alevin stage, and have the characteristic of selecting white substrate habitat.Therefore place 1 light source more than the 1000lx above cultivating the pond in the mandarin sturgeon prelarva nurturing period, hang over 1 incandescent light bulb and cultivate the top, pond.The depth of water remains on 50 centimetres, cultivates and places 2 small-sized immersible pumps in the pond, forms the slow-flowing stream of 2 cels, and cultivation is used the white ceramic tiles shop fixtures at the bottom of the pond, and becomes 5 little caves with the gravelstone indignation, can supply the mandarin sturgeon seed to conceal usefulness.
5. regulating and controlling water quality: place the inflator pump of 1 300W, in cultivating the pond, place 4 pneumatic heads, guarantee the dissolved oxygen that water body is sufficient, maintain more than the 6.5mg/L; In cultivating the pond, place the heating rod of 2 1000W, water temperature maintains 20～22 ℃, and change water about 1/3 every day in the daily management; Must remove residual bait every day, scrubs food platform and airing, and water body pH maintains 7～8; Ammonia nitrogen is less than 0.03mg/L, and transparency is more than 45cm.With potassium permanganate 1～3mg/L or 30 gram/m
3Formalin is prevented and treated disease.
6. domestication: cultivate through the prelarva and the enhancing physique in postlarva stage, the physique of mandarin sturgeon can reach better level, domestication was postponed to the juvenile fish stage can improve survival rate.Of fixed place and time during the every day bait throwing in, Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri 3 days that stop before the domestication throwing something and feeding make the mandarin sturgeon juvenile fish be in starvation, the 4th day fixed point Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri of throwing something and feeding regularly, and beginning in the 5th day Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri 3 days that stop again throwing something and feeding make the mandarin sturgeon juvenile fish be in starvation.Behind regularly fixed point domestication, the hungry stimulation, begin artificial feed domestication process then.Regularly throw something and feed on the bait table of setting up every day, begins all to throw something and feed Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, then artificial feed ground; Be blended in the Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, reduce Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri every day gradually, increase the artificial feed ratio gradually; In the time of the 30th day, Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri and artificial feed respectively account for half the.Next reduce Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri every day gradually, increase the artificial feed ratio gradually, in the time of the 50th day, Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri accounts for 15%, and artificial feed account for 85%.And then 10 days with gauze expressed water earthworm juice, and Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri juice is watered on artificial feed, reduces Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri juice content every day gradually, until not adding Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri juice fully.
Claims (1)
1. the cultivation method for enhancing physique of the weak seedling of mandarin sturgeon larvae juvenile fish adopts that weak seedling screening, bait are strengthened, classification divides pond, environment conditioning, regulating and controlling water quality, domestication, it is characterized in that selecting that bodily form slight of stature, head are big, tails elongated; Move about slow, feeding activity is slow or the less weak seedling of ingesting, be fetched into weak seedling screening in the other pond and cultivate specially every day; Throw something and feed behind the weak seedling opening of mandarin sturgeon larval stages running water earthworm or zooplankton live bait, the number of times 9 times of throwing something and feeding every day, the morning, afternoon and evening respectively 3 times; Weak seedling of mandarin sturgeon postlarva stage, the Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri number of times of throwing something and feeding every day alive 6 times, the morning, afternoon and evening each 2 times; Weak seedling of mandarin sturgeon juvenile fish stage, the number of times of throwing something and feeding every day is 3 times, the morning, afternoon and evening each 1 time; A little less than the mandarin sturgeon larvae juvenile fish, in the cultivating process of seedling,, screen in the other pond obtaining the seed classification that enhancing physique is cultivated; Weak seedling classification is carried out the enhancing physique cultivation in different ponds, individual close weak seedling divides to 1 pond; Breeding density is along with individual growth will divide pond dilution, larval stages breeding density 300 tails/m
3, postlarva stage breeding density 100 tails/m
3, juvenile fish stage breeding density 15 tails/m
3Above the cultivation pond, place 1 light source more than the 1000lx in the mandarin sturgeon prelarva nurturing period, the depth of water remains on 50 centimetres, cultivates the slow-flowing stream that forms 2 cels in the pond, and cultivation is used the white ceramic tiles shop fixtures at the bottom of the pond, and becomes 5 little caves with the gravelstone indignation; The dissolved oxygen that guarantees water body is greater than 6.5mg/L; Temperature maintenance is at 20～22 ℃, and pH maintains 7～8, and ammonia nitrogen is less than 0.03mg/L, and transparency is more than 45cm; Change water about 1/3 every day, must remove residual bait every day, scrubs food platform and airing; With potassium permanganate 1～3mg/L or 30 gram/m
3Formalin is prevented and treated disease; The juvenile fish stage is carried out domestication, and is of fixed place and time during the every day bait throwing in, Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri 3 days that stop before the domestication throwing something and feeding, the 4th day fixed point Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri of throwing something and feeding regularly; Began to stop again throwing something and feeding Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri 3 days on the 5th day, after stimulating through regularly fixed point domestication, hunger, begin artificial feed domestication process then, regularly throw something and feed on bait table every day; Begin all to throw something and feed Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, then artificial feed are ground, be blended in the Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, reduce Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri every day gradually; Increase the artificial feed ratio gradually, in the time of the 30th day, Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri and artificial feed respectively account for half the, next reduce Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri every day gradually; Increase the artificial feed ratio gradually, in the time of the 50th day, Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri accounts for 15%, and artificial feed account for 85%; And then watered on artificial feed with Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri juice in 10 days, reduce Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri juice content every day gradually, until not adding Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri juice fully.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103348941B (en) * | 2013-06-28 | 2015-11-04 | 镇江水中仙渔业发展有限公司 | The cultural method of a kind of sturgeon |
| CN103999805A (en) * | 2014-05-04 | 2014-08-27 | 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所 | Food conversion method for improving food conversion success rate of juvenile eleutheronema tetradactylum |
| CN104430070B (en) * | 2014-10-16 | 2017-05-10 | 华中农业大学 | Method for culturing offspring seeds of fierce fishes |
| CN114651752A (en) * | 2022-03-13 | 2022-06-24 | 江苏海洋大学 | Method for artificially cultivating Murray cod parent fish |
| CN115067245B (en) * | 2022-08-22 | 2023-01-24 | 云南省渔业科学研究院 | Sturgeon culture method |
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| CN1255295A (en) * | 1999-11-30 | 2000-06-07 | 汤沃坤 | Synthetic feed for Chinese sturgeon and its production method |
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| CN1255295A (en) * | 1999-11-30 | 2000-06-07 | 汤沃坤 | Synthetic feed for Chinese sturgeon and its production method |
| CN100393200C (en) * | 2005-01-24 | 2008-06-11 | 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所 | Siberia sturgeon cultivation in plateau saline-alkali water |
| CN1911002A (en) * | 2005-08-10 | 2007-02-14 | 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所 | Method for domesticating acipenser schrencki with sea water |
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