CN101103706B - Reproduction method for American reeves shad artificial cultivation parent fish - Google Patents
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- CN101103706B CN101103706B CN2006100289074A CN200610028907A CN101103706B CN 101103706 B CN101103706 B CN 101103706B CN 2006100289074 A CN2006100289074 A CN 2006100289074A CN 200610028907 A CN200610028907 A CN 200610028907A CN 101103706 B CN101103706 B CN 101103706B
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
The invention discloses a farmed American reeves shad breeding method, in particular to an artificial induced spawning method implemented firstly in the world through the mature reeves shad in freshwater aquaculture conditions. The main difficult technical problems resolved includes the strong stress response of parent fish in cultivating conditions, the gonadal dysgenesis and desynchronization, the low fecundity, spawning rate and hatching rate and so on. The invention includes the following steps. The EM probiotics are added in a parent fish culture pond, and the stocking density of reeves shad culture is 2 to 4 kg/cu.m water. In the situation that the natural sunlight is adopted, the water temperature is adjusted in accordance with the inspection data, which is in an emulate natural seasonal change. The recipe nutrition is implemented based on the nutritional needs of different seasons of the reeves shad gonadal development. In spring, the parent fishes are inspected. The female fish in which the abdomen is obviously raised and the male fish in which the semen flows out when the gentle pressure is imposed on the abdomen are singled out to inject the odinagogue for the induced spawning, and the artificial insemination is implemented during the effective phase. The fertilized egg is then incubated under the running water floating conditions.
Description
Technical field: the propagation method of the U.S. hilsa herring that the present invention relates to propagate artificially, the propagation method that the intensification ecological type artificial that particularly a kind of nutritional need according to cultured fishes reproductive biology, ecological principle and gonad development is formulated U.S. hilsa herring is cultured parent population.
Background technology: because U.S. hilsa herring (American shad, Alosa sapidissima) morphological feature, flesh quality and taste etc. are all quite similar with the Changjiang river hilsa herring, under the endangered situation of the Changjiang river hilsa herring, U.S. hilsa herring enters China market, selling price is very high, hundreds of per jin unit, even thousands of unit.In recent years, China has formed the upsurge of culturing U.S. hilsa herring from U.S.'s hilsa herring fertilized egg of millions of dollars of U.S.'s import value.Along with cultured area and quantity enlarge year by year, supply falls short of demand for U.S.'s hilsa herring fertilized egg of import.U.S.'s hilsa herring fertilized egg obtains by wild reproductive population artificial insemination in US West Colambia River hilsa herring spawning ground, its egg-laying period be mid-June in every year to mid-July, local water temperature is about 18 ℃.At this moment, the main area of culturing hilsa herring of China, the water temperature that comprises ground such as Guangdong, Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces is generally about 24～30 ℃.Because temperature is too high, incubation rate is very low.For example unit is cultured by several families in Guangdong in 2005, buys up to a million hilsa herring ovum, and incubation rate less than 10% has caused very big economic loss.In addition, temperature is too high, and the abnormal rate height also can cause survival rate of seedling low and with low quality.
The breeding of U.S. hilsa herring is mainly carried out artificial propagation and is finished by gather ripe parent in the natural spawning field, although Zohar (2003, Limburg, K.E., and J.R.Waldman, editors.2003.Biodiversity, Status, and Conservation of the World ' s Shads.AmericanFisheries Society, Symposium35, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.) for to break away from the restriction of objective condition to the hilsa herring artificial propagation, gather natural hilsa herring parent in the spawning ground and carry out the artificial propagation test and achieve success at the indoor gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GRH) of experiment (GnRH) first, carry out the precedent that the artificial induction is laid eggs but still there is the hilsa herring that utilization propagates artificially in the world.
Summary of the invention: the purpose of the invention provides the propagation method that a kind of U.S. hilsa herring intensification ecological type artificial is cultured parent population, be characterized in intensification degree height, cost is low, practicality easy and simple to handle, the reproductive efficiency height can satisfy the demand of domestic U.S. hilsa herring fertilized egg.Mainly solve at present difficulty in the long-term dependence on import fertilized egg of Sino-America culturing reeves shads industry, and since season discomfort cause the low difficulty of survival rate of seedling.The technology barrier of culturing the hilsa herring artificial propagation mainly shows: aspect such as culture that the parent population stress reaction is strong, lethality is high, gonad development poor synchronization, reproductive cell depauperation, fish brood amount are little, incubation rate and reproductive efficiency are low.Technical tactic of the present invention is: a kind of parent fish rearing method of formulating U.S. hilsa herring according to the nutritional need of cultured fishes reproductive biology, ecological principle and gonad development, natural conditions with reference to U.S.'s hilsa herring migration approach, envirment factor and physiological factor to the cultivating system are imitated the comprehensive regulation of natural season rhythmicity, satisfy sexual cell and grow the specific demand of environment, endogenous hormone and nutrient component to external world in Various Seasonal, satisfy the intensification ecosystem of hilsa herring gonad development and breeding with foundation.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of U.S. hilsa herring is propagated the propagation method of parent population artificially, may further comprise the steps: 1, in the parent fish rearing pond, the water-quality test detecting head is set, detects and the round-the-clock variation of the record main factor of water environment.Change according to hilsa herring wild stocks water environment temperature and illumination annual periodicity under field conditions (factors), carry out seasonal rhythm and regulate, to satisfy the essential ecological condition of hilsa herring gonad development.Under the situation that adopts natural daylight, water temperature in winter is controlled at 10～15 ℃; Spring, water temperature was controlled at 15～24 ℃; And summer, water temperature was 24～35 ℃; Autumn, water temperature was 18～28 ℃.2, add the EM probio in parent population culture pond water, EM probio content remains 10 * 10
8～40 * 10
8Individual/the cubic meter water body, to improve water quality, to suppress harmful germ growth and breeding.3, for adapting to the habit that the hilsa herring cluster is ingested, the Suitable Density of culturing hilsa herring is 2～4 kilograms of/cubic metre water bodys, makes the hilsa herring parent population keep the good intensity of feeding.4, according to the nutritional need of hilsa herring gonad development, carry out seasonal nutrition deployment, especially in the fall with the fortification in spring in, add and be rich in DHA, the miniature worm of little nutrient component such as EPA and carotenoid is added weight ratio and is 15% miniature worm and makes the parent population fortified feed in parent population buoyancy feed.The parent population buoyancy feed (protein content is 48～54%, and fat content is 8～14%) of throwing something and feeding in winter and summer.5, in spring, when water temperature exists〉when continuing 20～30 days under 18 ℃ of conditions, check parent population, choosing belly has the raun of obvious projection and gently squeezes the milter that belly has seminal fluid to flow out, and the injection gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GRH) carries out artificial induced spawning.For the hasten parturition stress reaction of injection back hilsa herring of reduction, should take measures such as sunshade, flowing water, constant temperature, peace and quiet at spawning pond.6, under 18～22 ℃ condition, 12～16 hours after hastening parturition is the ocyodinic effector phase.At this moment, the inspection raun when as if the light crowded belly of discovery the raun of ovum grain outflow being arranged, is pulled milter out, carries out artificial insemination.7, hilsa herring incubating oosperm temperature should be controlled at 18～22 ℃, and fertilized egg is hatched into parent population under the flowing water floating conditions.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows, according to the cultured fishes reproductive biology, the nutritional need of ecological principle and gonad development is formulated U.S. culturing reeves shads parent's propagation method, research and development are fit to the ecological intelligent propagation method of U.S. hilsa herring of China's actual conditions, not only break away from the present situation of the long-term dependence on import hilsa herring of U.S.'s culturing reeves shads ovum, fill up the intensify blank of environmental propagation technique of Chinese fish, and can control egg-laying time artificially, fertilized egg was provided in the spring that natural temperature suits, thereby, break through import fertilized egg and be subject to seasonal restrictions the too high bottleneck of incubation temperature that causes, provide guarantee for improving the hilsa herring incubation rate, help U.S. hilsa herring in Chinese aquaculture industry exploitation, save foreign exchange.The environmental propagation method of intensification among the present invention can be applicable to the high-grade breed variety that other stress reactions are big, breeding is difficult, especially saving aspect endangered the Changjiang river hilsa herring and hairtail gene pool, set up the artificial propagation field, very wide application prospect is arranged.
Embodiment: technical scheme provided by the invention is according to the cultured fishes reproductive biology, nutritional need by regulation and control of the ecotope factor and gonad development combines, the breeding ecological system of hilsa herring gonad development is satisfied in foundation, for the hilsa herring parent population provides warm living environment, the natural conditions of imitation U.S. hilsa herring migration approach, envirment factor and physiological factor to the cultivating system are imitated the comprehensive regulation of natural season rhythmicity, grow in Various Seasonal environment to external world to satisfy sexual cell, the specific demand of endogenous hormone and nutrient component, in mating season, induce artificial spawning by the injection gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GRH).The present invention not only is suitable for the hilsa herring artificial propagation, also can be applicable to the high-grade breed variety that other stress reactions are big, breeding is difficult, comprises endangered the Changjiang river hilsa herring and hairtail.
Specific implementation process is as follows:
The preparation of parent fish pond: the parent fish rearing pond is selected round pond for use or the square cement pit of fillet is arranged, and area is 40～200 square metres, and the depth of water is 1 meter.In the parent fish rearing pond, the water-quality test detecting head is set, detect and the round-the-clock variation of the record main factor of water environment, comprise water temperature and dissolved oxygen etc.In cultivating the pond, add EM probio .EM probio, be a kind of compound microecological active bacteria formulation of the eighties by day the present invention, can improve water quality rapidly, decompose defective material and animal wastes, suppress harmful germ growth and breeding, as " concentrating EM bacterium king " of the green treasured place bio tech ltd in Shenzhen.EM probio density maintains 10 * 10
8～40 * 10
8Individual/the cubic meter water body.Keeping the transparency of cultivating Chi Shui is 1.2～1.8 meters.
The raising of parent population: the breeding density of culturing hilsa herring is 2～4 kilograms of/cubic metre water bodys.Detected water temperature and dissolved oxygen in per 4～8 hours, dissolved oxygen content keeps greater than 5mg/l.Change according to hilsa herring wild stocks water environment temperature and illumination annual periodicity under field conditions (factors), culture the pond under the situation that adopts natural daylight, temperature is carried out seasonal rhythm manually reconcile, to satisfy the essential natural conditions of hilsa herring gonad development.Jede Woche is measured ammonia nitrogen, and the control ammonia-nitrogen content is lower than 0.2mg/l.
The parent population in summer is raised: the hilsa herring parent population buoyancy feed (protein content is 52%, and fat content is 12%) of throwing something and feeding and producing by Shuande, Guangdong star feed factory, to throw something and feed every day 3～4 times, and feeding volume is 3～5% of a body weight.Water temperature should be controlled within 24～35 ℃ of scopes.
The fortification in autumn: autumn is on the occasion of the critical period of reproductive cell increment and growth.Need amounts of protein, unsaturated fatty acid and other little nutrition.Add in parent population buoyancy feed and be rich in DHA (DHA), little nutrient components such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and carotenoid are carried out fortification, for example miniature worm.Miniature worm is a kind of copepoda that lives in the Arctic Ocean, the dried bait of making through the ultralow temperature drying, be rich in multiple DHA and EPA, especially carotenoid content reaches 7000ppm, and the latter provides most important, essential little nutrition and non-oxidizability to the growth of hilsa herring reproductive cell.Add weight ratio and be 15% miniature worm in parent population buoyancy feed and make the parent population fortified feed, a day feeding volume is 3～5% of a fish body weight.Early autumn, temperature should be controlled at 22～28 ℃, and late fall, temperature should be 18～20 ℃.
The management in winter: winter low temperature is that reproductive cell is grown essential condition.The hilsa herring gonad development needs the hypothermic phase more than two months.Temperature should be controlled at 10～15 ℃, and parent population buoyancy feed every day that Shuande, the Guangdong star feed factory of throwing something and feeding is produced 1 time, feeding volume is 0.5～1% of a fish body weight.
The fortification in spring: be the important period that egg mother cell yolk generates and sperm generates spring.During this period, when adding probio, strengthening water quality management, need throw something and feed that to add weight ratio in parent population buoyancy feed be the parent population fortified feed that 15% miniature worm is made, a day feeding volume is 1～3% of a fish body weight.Temperature range is 15～24 ℃.
The selection of mature brood fish: when water temperature surpasses 18 ℃ when reaching 20～30 days, occur the phenomenon that the male and female hilsa herring chases between the lights, show that hilsa herring arrives mating season, at this moment, answer the male and female hilsa herring of selective maturation to hasten parturition and have an injection.The standard of ripe female hilsa herring is: belly is soft and little protuberance arranged, and gonopore is blush; Ripe male hilsa herring mainly shows light pressure belly, and the adularescent seminal fluid flows out.
Induced spawning: it is Ovaprin (by Canadian SyndelInternational company's production and sell) that hilsa herring needs the disposable injection of hastening parturition, ocyodinic.The injected dose of raun is 500 μ l/ kilogram fishes, and the milter injected dose reduces by half.Hilsa herring after the injection is put into spawning ground (4x4x1 rice), density be 2 tails/square metre.Should there be flowing water in the spawning ground, and discharge is 3 cubic metres/hour, and shading is also kept quite.Water temperature is controlled at 18～22 ℃ during artificial induced spawning.
Artificial insemination: when 18～22 ℃ of water temperatures, the effector phase of ocyodinic is 12～16 hours, the temperature height, and the time is short, otherwise, then short.When water temperature is 18 ℃, the 16th hour crowded ovum, when water temperature is 22 ℃, the 12nd hour crowded ovum.When artificial insemination, catch out earlier raun, gently press belly, allow ovum flow out voluntarily in the basin that holds fish-egg, take out milter simultaneously, seminal fluid is clamp-oned in the ovum, stir gently with chicken feather, add a small amount of clear water, continue to stir 1～2 minute, left standstill 2～3 minutes, pour out sewage in the basin, clean with a small amount of clear water again, 2 times repeatedly, can move into the incubation vessel hatching.
Hatch fish roe: the hilsa herring ovum is floating gamogenetic egg, is suitable for selecting for use awl end hatching pail, and the amount of being filled with water is 50～100 liters.Center at the bottom of water inlet pipe is located at barrel, a recoil bucket end,, delivery port is located at the upper end of bucket.Inflow to be washing bottom ovum heap open, and ovum does not overflow from the upper end delivery port and is advisable.Putting the ovum amount is 5～100,000/100 premium on currency.Water temperature should be controlled at 18～22 ℃, and dissolved oxygen is not less than 5mg/l.Hilsa herring fertilized egg was hatched through 3 day time under 18 ℃ of conditions.The fry that hatches is flowed into by outlet pipe and receives in the fry net cage, and cage size is a 0.5x0.5x0.35 rice.The fry that hatches moves in the nursery pond after counting and cultivates.
Claims (1)
1. a U.S. hilsa herring is propagated the propagation method of parent population artificially, may further comprise the steps: in the parent fish rearing pond, the cultivation density of hilsa herring is 2～4 kilograms of/cubic metre water bodys, the water-quality test detecting head is set, adjust water temperature according to detecting data, under the situation that adopts natural daylight, water temperature in winter is controlled at 10～15 ℃, spring, water temperature was controlled at 15～24 ℃, and summer, water temperature was 24～35 ℃; Autumn, water temperature was 18～28 ℃; Add the EM probio in parent population culture pond water, the density of EM probio is 10 * 10
8～40 * 10
8Individual/the cubic meter water body, keeping the transparency of cultivating Chi Shui is 1.2～1.8 meters, ammonia-nitrogen content is lower than 0.2mg/l in the parent fish rearing pond, adjust water temperature and dissolved oxygen according to detecting data, the dissolved oxygen content that keeps the parent fish rearing pond is greater than 5mg/l, according to the nutritional need of hilsa herring gonad development in Various Seasonal, carry out nutrition deployment, make the parent population fortified feed with throwing something and feeding spring by adding miniature worm in the fall, in the winter time with the parent population buoyancy feed of throwing something and feeding summer, in the parent population buoyancy feed: protein content is 48～54%, fat content is 8～14%, the parent population fortified feed is that to add weight ratio in parent population buoyancy feed be that 15% miniature worm is made, in spring, check parent population, choosing belly has the raun of obvious projection and the light belly that squeezes to have milter that seminal fluid flows out to inject ocyodinic to carry out artificial induced spawning, water temperature is controlled at 18～22 ℃ during artificial induced spawning, it is 500 μ l/ kilogram fishes that raun is injected the dosage of hastening parturition, milter reduces by half, when 18～22 ℃ of water temperatures, the effector phase of ocyodinic is 12～16 hours, in effector phase, carry out artificial insemination after hastening parturition, it is 5～100,000/100 premium on currency that fertilized egg is put the ovum amount, the hatching water temperature should be controlled at 18～22 ℃, the hatching oxygen in water is not less than 5mg/l, and fertilized egg is hatched into parent population under the flowing water floating conditions.
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Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101642067B (en) * | 2009-08-21 | 2011-09-07 | 江阴市申港三鲜养殖有限公司 | Method for artificially hastening parturition of American reeves shads, inseminating and hatching germ cells |
| CN103651190A (en) * | 2012-09-24 | 2014-03-26 | 上海市水产研究所 | Intensive hatcher for American shads |
| CN103478022A (en) * | 2013-08-07 | 2014-01-01 | 泰州市秋雪湖渔业有限公司 | Method for promoting nature spawning of american shad by using artificial culture ecological factor |
| CN103444605B (en) * | 2013-08-23 | 2015-02-18 | 江苏中洋集团股份有限公司 | Natural reeves shad breeding method |
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