CN113455428B - Artificial breeding method for Mafu fish - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an artificial breeding method for groom fish, which belongs to the technical field of aquaculture. The method includes: selecting the individual broodstock of the broodstock, transporting them to a temporary holding tank, sterilizing after stabilization, and transferring to the breeding tank, and then carrying out the intensive cultivation of the broodstock gonads until the gonad development reaches the stage IV, and the induction method of combining running water stimulation and light mutation Natural spawning and fertilization. The fertilized eggs formed after fertilization are hatched and the membrane is broken to obtain newly hatched larvae. After being transferred to the seedling cultivation tank, the compound beneficial bacteria and microalgae are used to cultivate zooplankton bait and control water quality in the seedling tank. The bait is a series of combinations of rotifers, Artemia nauplii, copepods, and artificial compound feeds for seed cultivation. The artificial seedling raising method of the invention can improve the fertilization rate and hatching rate of groom fish, promote its growth and development in the process of seed cultivation, and the survival rate of seed cultivation can reach 9%, which is for carrying out research on the ecological diversity of groom fish and protecting or releasing coral reefs. Fish offer new avenues.

Description

A kind of artificial breeding method of groom fish

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and relates to an artificial seedling raising method for ornamental fish in seawater, in particular to an artificial seedling raising method for groom fish.

Background technique

Seed industry engineering is the top priority of my country's industrial development today. In addition to economic species, different ornamental fish species are also important germplasm resources. Artificial breeding is an important part of seed industry engineering. Artificial breeding is used to provide ornamental fish seedlings. It is of great significance to plant, protect and restore natural germplasm resources and protect the marine ecological environment. In addition to the high economic value of ornamental fish in leisure tourism, ornamental fish has been developed to play an important role in preventing diseases (senile dementia, depression), regulating the spirit, etc. The demand for different species in the ornamental fish market has increased. The amount of fishing in the sea limits the sustainable development of the ornamental fish market.

So far, there are only 30-40 marine fish species that can truly achieve artificial breeding, which is less than 1% of marine ornamental fish species, and even fewer species have achieved commercial breeding. At present, most of the breedable species of marine ornamental fish in my country are concentrated in several species of the damselfish family, such as Gongzi clownfish, eye-spotted double-sawed fish, white-striped double-sawed fish, etc. Among these species, artificial seedlings have considerable experience. , has been studied by many experts and scholars at home and abroad, including gonadal development, seedling cultivation, gender transformation, body color change, etc., and has achieved fruitful results. However, compared to the various marine ornamental fish, it is still single. Different species of ornamental fish have different ecological environment requirements, which also leads to different seed breeding techniques.

Groomfish (Heniochus acuminatus), also known as Guandao or black and white Guandao, hooded butterflyfish (see Figure 1), belongs to the family Perciformes Butterflyfish and the genus Groomfish, and is a kind of tropical marine fish in coral reef areas. This fish is widely distributed in the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. It is only produced in the South China Sea in China. It is a small coral reef fish in warm water. They live in areas with abundant coral reefs, feeding on detritus of organic matter and corals, etc. They are famous for their special filamentous rays on their dorsal fins, which have high ornamental value. In recent years, the wild resources of ornamental fish have been drastically reduced due to overfishing. Many species, including Groomfish, are facing an endangered situation. Proliferation protection, breeding and release, restoration of their biodiversity, and restoration of the original habitat are required. is an urgent task.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In view of this, the main purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of artificial breeding method of groom fish, adopt the environmental factor regulation of gonadotropin development and the synergistic effect of gonadotropin development strengthening feed, significantly improve the fertilization rate and hatching rate of groom fish, strengthen the seedlings It grows and develops during the cultivation process, and provides a feasible technology for carrying out research on the ecological diversity of groom fish and protecting or releasing coral reef fish.

To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

A method for artificial breeding of groom fish, comprising the following steps:

S1. Selection of broodstock for Groomfish: Select individuals with no injuries, normal swimming, bright body color, and body length over 15cm from the source of the broodstock of Groomfish, and transport them to the temporary holding tank by running water trucks; , sprinkle 1ppm of copper sulfate in the temporary holding tank, change the water 100% after 12 hours of treatment, repeat disinfection after 24 hours for 12 hours, and transfer to the broodstock breeding tank;

S2. Gonadal strengthening cultivation: adopt the combination of regulating environmental factors and broodstock gonad development strengthening bait, carry out the broodstock gonad strengthening cultivation until the gonads gradually mature, in which the female broodstock gradually expands the abdomen, and the gonad development reaches stage IV;

S3. Oxygenation and hatching: The induction method combining running water stimulation and light mutation is adopted. After 96 hours, the groom can spawn and fertilize naturally in the broodstock breeding tank. After fertilization, fertilized eggs are formed. The eggs were incubated in a conical hatching tank. Under the conditions of a water temperature of 28°C, a salinity of 29 and continuous aeration, the fertilized eggs hatched for 18–22 hours. When the newly hatched larvae appeared black eye spots, transfer it to the seedling pond;

S4: Cultivation of seedlings: the cultivation of seedlings is carried out by means of bait biological culture and combined feeding of bait; among which,

The newly hatched larvae were fed mainly rotifers filtered by 300 mesh nets from the age of 3 days, supplemented by splashing 1ppm of BP every day, the density of rotifers was 15-20/ml, and 0.5ppm of EM bacteria stock solution was sprinkled in the pool;

6–10 days old, fed with rotifers filtered through a 200-mesh mesh at a density of 10–15 rotifers/ml;

11–20 days old, fed with rotifers filtered through 150 mesh and larvae of 150 meshes, the density of rotifers was maintained at 7–15/ml, and the density of larvae was maintained at 2–4/ml;

At 21-30 days old, the larvae were fed with 150-mesh larvae, and the density of the larvae was maintained at 2-3/ml;

After 30 days of age, the groom fish develops to the juvenile stage and is transferred to a new fry breeding tank for further cultivation;

30-40 days old, fed Artemia nauplii and 100-mesh-filtered scratched larvae at a density of 2-3/ml;

At 40 days of age, until they develop into juveniles, they are fed with large-sized larvae of 2mm or more, and the density is maintained at 2-3/ml;

The juvenile stage is gradually domesticated into artificial compound feed.

Preferably, in step S2, the method for regulating environmental factors is: according to the environmental factors in the natural sea area where the broodstock originates, while heating up and imitating the changes of water flow in the environment, changing the light day-night ratio to 1:2, adjusting the light intensity It is 3000–5000 lux, and the seawater used for broodstock cultivation goes through dark sedimentation, sand filter filtration and then enters the pool.

Preferably, in step S2, the broodstock gonadal development enhancing bait is composed of 75% of Yubao feed, 10% of fresh shrimp, 5% of soybean lecithin, 5% of Schizochytrium powder, 3% of of vitamin E, 1% vitamin C and 1% cod liver oil.

Preferably, in step S2, the period of the enhanced gonad cultivation is 28-32 days.

Preferably, in step S3, the induced production method is: the running water stimulation method is: running water for 6 hours and stopping running water for 6 hours, and the water flow rate is 0.4m/s; The light day-night ratio is 1:2, and the light intensity is adjusted to 3000-5000lux, and the light day-night ratio is 1:1, and the light intensity is adjusted to 5000-10000lux.

Preferably, in step S3, the number of the seed cultivating pools is 2, which is prepared one week before spawning and spawning, and the size is 4×6×1.5m. After each seed cultivating pool is thoroughly disinfected, 1.3m of seawater is injected into it. , add 3ppm of shrimp chips, 10L brown sugar fermentation broth, 100ml of compound viable bacteria, and add chlorella and golden algae at the same time, the water color in the pool remains yellow-green, the transparency of the pool water is 60cm, the light intensity is 5000-10000lux, and the water temperature is 28-30 °C with a salinity of 29–31.

More preferably, in step S3, the composite living bacteria are selected from the group consisting of Bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria, digestive bacteria, Lactobacillus acidophilus and actinomycetes.

Preferably, in step S4, during the seedling cultivation period, 0.5ppm of EM bacteria stock solution is sprinkled in the pool every other day, the transparency of chlorella and golden algae is maintained at 70cm, and after the newly hatched larvae grow to 40 days of age, the water is changed by 30% every day. , juvenile stage water feeding.

Preferably, in step S4, during the cultivation of the seedlings, 0.5ppm of vitamin C is sprinkled in the pool to improve the immunity of the seedlings and reduce the stress response.

beneficial effect

(1) The present invention adopts the environmental factor regulation of gonadotropin development and the gonadotropin development intensified feed to effectively promote the gonadal development of groom fish. By adjusting environmental factors such as water flow, light duration and intensity, and at the same time selecting substances rich in gonadotropic unsaturated fatty acids, anti-stress response and anti-oxidation, the gonad development of wild groom fish can finally reach stage IV, which is for induction of labor. Incubation provides protection.

(2) The present invention does not use hormones to induce labor, but regulates and induces labor through environmental factors. Combined with the hatching technology that satisfies specific hatching environmental factors, the fertilization rate and hatching rate of groom fish can reach 55% and 65% respectively. Newly hatched larvae under Groomfish.

(3) in the seedling cultivation pool of the present invention, use compound beneficial bacteria and microalgae to cultivate zooplankton bait and control water quality in the seedling pond, and the bait adopts rotifer-artemia nauplii-copepod-artificial compound feed. A series of combinations are used for seed cultivation. After 60 days of cultivation, the newly hatched larvae of groom fish have reached juveniles with a body length of 3.5 ± 1.1 cm. The survival rate of seed cultivation can reach 9%, which is for the recovery, protection and development of coral reef fish resources. Release provides technical support.

The above and other features, aspects and advantages of the present invention may be better understood with reference to the following detailed description.

Description of drawings

Other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent upon reading the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:

Figure 1 is a picture of the groom fish parent.

Figure 2 is a picture of the broodstock gonadal development enhancing bait in the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a picture of the groom fish juveniles cultivated in the embodiment.

Detailed ways

In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. Based on the described embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

From June to October 2020, artificial breeding of Groomfish was implemented at Qionghai Scientific Research Base of East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences.

1. Source of broodstock

The broodstock comes from wild groom fish caught in the South China Sea purchased by Hainan Tanmen Wharf. Select individuals with no injury on the body surface, normal swimming, bright body color, and body length of more than 15cm. The broodstock were transported to the rescue test center by live water trucks. The groom fish was put into the temporary holding tank (3m×4m×1.2m) for temporary cultivation. After the temporary cultivation was stable, in order to prevent the fish from carrying parasites and other diseases during the transportation process or in the sea area, 1ppm copper sulfate was sprinkled in the temporary cultivation tank. 100% water change after 12 hours, repeated disinfection after 24 hours for 12 hours, and then transferred to the broodstock breeding tank for intensive cultivation.

2. Regulation of environmental factors for broodstock cultivation and enhanced bait production

While following the normal temperature rise and water flow changes to promote gonad development, the method of changing the light day-to-night ratio of 8:16 and adjusting the light intensity to 3000-5000 lux was used to promote the gonad development of groom fish. After filtering, the filter tank enters the tank, the temperature is 27-30 ℃, the salinity is 28-32, and the water level of the cement tank is maintained at about 1m. Recipe of broodstock fortified bait: use the Yubao feed produced by Linjian (see Figure 2) as the base material, accounting for 75% of the total, add 10% fresh shrimp meat, 5% soybean lecithin, 5% Schizochytrium powder, and vitamin E3 %, vitamin C1%, cod liver oil 1%, fresh shrimp meat, soybean lecithin, algae powder and fish glycerin in the feed are rich in EPA and DHA, which ensure the substances required for the development of the gonads of groom fish and promote the gonads of groom fish. Development, vitamin C has anti-stress effect, vitamin E has antioxidant function, protects against oxidative damage during gonad development. Using the regulation method of environmental factors and the formula of gonadotropin development food, after 30 days of cultivation, the gonad development of the groom reached the stage IV.

3. Induction and incubation

After intensive cultivation, the gonads of the groom fish reached the stage IV, and the abdomen of the female broodstock gradually expanded. Then, 6 hours of running water and 6 hours of stop running water were used, and the water flow reached 0.4m/s; the light was adjusted from the day-night ratio of 8:16 to 12:12, and the light intensity was adjusted from 3000–5000lux to 5000–10000lux, 96 hours. Post-groom fish can spawn and fertilize naturally in the broodstock breeding tank, and form fertilized eggs after fertilization.

Wash the collected fertilized eggs repeatedly, remove dead eggs, put them into the conical hatching bucket prepared in advance for incubation, continue to inflate, and under the conditions of water temperature of 28 ℃ and salinity of about 29, the fertilized eggs can hatch and rupture the membrane after about 20 hours. , when the newly hatched larvae were seen with black eye spots, they were transferred to the seed breeding tank for cultivation. The fertilization rate and hatching rate reached 55% and 65%, respectively.

4. Preparation of Seed Cultivation Pond

One week before spawning, prepare seedling cultivation pools (4×6×1.5m, 2 pools). After thorough disinfection of each cultivation pool, inject 1.3m of seawater, add 3ppm of shrimp chips, 10L of brown sugar fermentation broth, and 100ml of compound biomass. bacteria (Bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria, digestive bacteria, Lactobacillus acidophilus, actinomycetes, etc.), and at the same time add a small amount of chlorella and golden algae to the pool to cultivate protozoa in the pool, the water color in the pool remains yellow-green, and the transparency of the pool water is 60cm Around, light 5000-10000lux, water temperature 28-30 ℃, salinity 29-31, slightly aerated, after 5 days of water culture, the newly hatched larvae can be connected to start seedlings.

5. Seed cultivation

The composition of the bait organisms for the fry breeding of groom fish is set as follows: from the 3rd day of age, the newly hatched larvae are mainly fed with rotifers filtered by a 300-mesh mesh, supplemented by 1ppm of BP sprinkled every day, and the density of rotifers is 15-20 /ml, sprinkle about 0.5ppm of EM bacteria stock solution in the pool; 6-10 days old, feed rotifers filtered by 200 mesh mesh, rotifer density 10-15/ml; 11-20 days old, feed 150 The rotifers filtered by mesh mesh and the 150-mesh strobilopods maintained a density of 7–15 rotifers/ml and 2–4 larvae/ml; at 21–30 days of age, fed with 150 Scratched larvae were filtered, and the density of larvae was maintained at 2-3/ml.

After 30 days of age, the groom fish develops to the juvenile stage. In this case, the groom fish juveniles need to be transferred to a new breeding tank for further cultivation. , 20cm from the bottom of the cage, the size of the cage is 1m long × 1m wide × 1.5m,) reduce the water to 30cm; then slowly drive the juveniles into a special 60cm diameter, 40cm deep, 200 mesh net, and then use water Scoops salvage juveniles and transfer them to new breeding tanks.

30-40 days old, fed with Artemia nauplii + 100-mesh filtrate larvae, maintained at a density of 2-3/ml; 40 days old until they developed into juveniles (see Figure 3), fed with 2 mm For the above large-sized tortopods, the density is maintained at 2-3/ml; the juvenile stage is gradually domesticated into artificial compound feed.

During the incubation period, about 0.5ppm of EM bacteria stock solution can be sprinkled in the pool every other day, and the transparency of Chlorella and Chlorella can be maintained at about 70cm. During seed cultivation, 0.5ppm of vitamin C was sprinkled in the pool to improve seed immunity and reduce stress response. After 60 days of cultivation, newly hatched larvae of groom fish reached juveniles with a body length of 3.5±1.1 cm.

Take out all the eggs of the broodstock breeding tank with the running water of the lower water and upper water, count the number of eggs laid according to the ratio of the number of eggs to the weight, spot check the number of eggs in the floating eggs, and then spot check the difference between the fertilized eggs and the newly hatched larvae. The hatching rate was calculated by the ratio of the number of juveniles to the newly hatched larvae. After testing, using the above artificial breeding method, the total number of eggs laid by groom fish was 113,000, about 62,000 fertilized eggs were obtained, the fertilization rate was 55%, and the newly hatched larvae were about 41,000, and the hatching rate reached 65%. There are more than 3700 fish juveniles, and the survival rate of seedlings is 9%.

Claims (4)

1. an artificial method for raising seedlings of groom fish, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: S1. Selection of broodstock for Groomfish: Select individuals with no injuries, normal swimming, bright body color, and a body length of 15cm or more in the source of the broodstock of Groomfish, and transport them to the temporary holding tank by running water trucks, and then temporarily raise them after stabilization. Sprinkle 1ppm copper sulfate in the pool, change the water 100% after 12 hours of treatment, repeat disinfection after 24 hours for 12 hours, and transfer to the broodstock breeding pool; S2. Intensive cultivation of gonads: The combination of regulating environmental factors and broodstock gonad development strengthening bait is used to strengthen the gonads of broodstock until the gonads gradually mature, the abdomen of female broodstock gradually expands, and the development of gonads reaches stage IV; among them, according to the natural sea area of the source of broodstock For medium environmental factors, while heating up and imitating the changes in water flow in the environment, the day-night ratio of light was changed to 1:2, and the light intensity was adjusted to 3000-5000 lux. The seawater temperature is 27–30°C, the seawater salinity is 28–32, and the seawater level is maintained at 0.8–1.2m; S3. Oxygenation and hatching: The induction method of the combination of running water stimulation and light mutation is adopted. After 96 hours, the groom fish will spawn and fertilize naturally in the broodstock breeding tank, and fertilized eggs will be formed after fertilization; the fertilized eggs will be collected and washed, and dead eggs will be removed. , put it into a conical hatching tank to incubate, under the conditions of water temperature of 28 °C, salinity of 29 and continuous aeration, the fertilized eggs hatched after 18-22 hours, and when the newly hatched larvae appeared black eye spots, transfer To the seed cultivation pond; the way of the water stimulation is: 6 hours of running water and 6 hours of stopped running water, and the water flow is 0.4m/s; the way of the mutation of the light is: the light from the broodstock cultivated in a day-to-night ratio of 1: 2. Adjust the light intensity from 3000-5000lux to a sudden change to the light day-night ratio of 1:1, and adjust the light intensity to 5000-10000lux; S4: Cultivation of seedlings: the cultivation of seedlings is carried out by means of bait biological culture and combined feeding of bait; among which, The newly hatched larvae were fed rotifers filtered through 300 mesh nets from the age of 3 days, and 1ppm of BP was sprinkled every day, the density of rotifers was 15-20/ml, and 0.5ppm of EM bacteria stock solution was sprinkled in the pool; 6–10 days old, fed with rotifers filtered through a 200-mesh mesh at a density of 10–15 rotifers/ml; 11–20 days old, fed with rotifers filtered through 150 mesh and larvae of 150 meshes, the density of rotifers was maintained at 7–15/ml, and the density of larvae was maintained at 2–4/ml; At 21-30 days old, the larvae were fed with 150-mesh larvae, and the density of the larvae was maintained at 2-3/ml; After 30 days of age, the groom fish develops to the juvenile stage and is transferred to a new fry breeding tank for further cultivation; 30–40 days old, fed with Artemia nauplii and 100-mesh filtered scratched larvae; From 40 days of age until they develop into juveniles, they are fed with large-sized larvae of 2mm or more; The juvenile stage is gradually domesticated into artificial compound feed; Among them, during the seedling cultivation, 0.5ppm of EM bacteria stock solution was sprinkled in the pool every other day, and the transparency of Chlorella and Chrysanthemum was maintained at 70cm. After the newly hatched larvae grew to 40 days of age, the water was changed 30% every day, and the larvae were raised in flowing water. Sprinkling 0.5ppm of vitamin C in the pool improves the immunity of the seedlings and reduces the stress response. 2. the artificial nursery method of groom fish according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step S2, described broodstock gonadal development strengthening bait is calculated according to mass percentage, by 75% fish treasure feed, 10% fresh shrimp meat, 5% Soy Lecithin, 5% Schizochytrium Powder, 3% Vitamin E, 1% Vitamin C and 1% Cod Liver Oil. 3 . The artificial seedling raising method for groom fish according to claim 1 , wherein, in step S2 , the period of the gonad intensive cultivation is 28-32 days. 4 . 4. the artificial seedling method of groom fish according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step S3, the quantity of described seedling cultivation pool is 2, prepares one week before induction of labor, and specification is 4m × 6m × 1.5m, After thorough disinfection of each seed cultivation pool, 1.3m of sea water was injected into it, 3ppm of shrimp chips, 10L of brown sugar fermentation broth, 100ml of compound viable bacteria, and chlorella and golden algae were added at the same time. The color of the water in the pool remained yellow-green, and the water transparency was 60cm, the light intensity is 5000–10000lux, the water temperature is 28–30°C, and the salinity is 29–31, and the composite living bacteria are selected from the group consisting of: Bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria, digestive bacteria, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Actinomycetes.

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