CN113455428B - Artificial breeding method for Mafu fish - Google Patents
Artificial breeding method for Mafu fish Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
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- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
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- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
- A01K61/17—Hatching, e.g. incubators
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- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
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Abstract
The invention discloses an artificial breeding method of horse-fish, belonging to the technical field of aquaculture. The method comprises the following steps: selecting parent fish individuals of the horse-fish, transporting the parent fish individuals to a temporary culture pond for temporary culture, sterilizing after stabilization, transferring the parent fish individuals to a parent fish culture pond, carrying out sexual gland reinforced culture on the parent fish until the sexual gland development reaches the IV stage, naturally laying and discharging sperm in an induced spawning mode combining running water stimulation and illumination mutation, hatching and breaking membranes of fertilized eggs formed after fertilization to obtain pre-hatched larvae, transferring the pre-hatched larvae to a fry culture pond, culturing planktonic animal baits in the fry culture pond by using composite beneficial bacteria and microalgae and regulating and controlling water quality, wherein the baits are in a series combination of rotifer-artemia nauplius larvae-copepods-artificial compound feed for fry culture. The artificial breeding method can improve the fertility rate and the hatchability of the horse-fish, promote the growth and development of the horse-fish in the breeding process of the seeds, and promote the survival rate of the cultured seeds to be 9 percent, thereby providing a new way for developing the ecological diversity research of the horse-fish and protecting or releasing the coral reef fish.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and relates to an artificial breeding method for seawater ornamental fishes, in particular to an artificial breeding method for horse-fish.
Background
The breeding engineering is the most important in the current industrial development of China, different ornamental fish species are important germplasm resources besides economic species, artificial breeding is an important part in the breeding engineering, and the artificial breeding is of great significance in providing the seedlings of the ornamental fish, protecting and restoring natural germplasm resources and protecting marine ecological environment. The ornamental fishes have high economic value in leisure travel, are developed to play an important role in preventing diseases (senile dementia and depression), regulating spirit and the like, the quantity of fishes caught from natural sea areas is increased due to the demand of the ornamental fish market on different varieties, and the continuous development of the ornamental fish market is limited.
So far, only 30-40 species of seawater fish which can really realize artificial breeding are less than 1 percent of seawater ornamental fish species, and the species which can reach commercial breeding are less. At present, the species of the ornamental fish in seawater in China are mostly concentrated in several varieties of sparrow Pagrus, such as clown fish, ophthalmia major, white-striped sawfish and the like, the artificial breeding of the varieties has quite abundant experience, and the varieties are researched by a plurality of experts and scholars at home and abroad, including gonad development, fry breeding, sex transformation, body color change and the like, and the great results are obtained. However, the variety of the ornamental fish is still single relative to the variety of the seawater ornamental fish, and the requirements of different varieties of the ornamental fish on the ecological environment are different, so that the fry breeding technology is different.
The horse fish (Heniochus acuminatus), also called as Guanyu knife or Black and white Guanyu knife, Lepidula (see figure 1), belongs to family Perciformes, family Iridaceae, genus Mafu, and is tropical marine fish in coral reef area. The fish is widely distributed in Indian ocean and Pacific ocean, is produced only in south China sea, is a warm water type small coral reef fish, generally has a body length of about 10 cm and can reach more than 20cm at most. They are movable in areas with luxuriant coral reefs, ingest organic debris, coral worms and the like, are famous for the special filiform fin lines on the dorsal fins, and have high ornamental value. In recent years, the amount of wild resources of ornamental fishes is reduced sharply due to over-fishing, and many varieties including horse fishes are in imminent danger, and the tasks of propagation protection, breeding and releasing, biological diversity recovery and habitat restoration are urgent.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the main object of the present invention is to provide an artificial breeding method for horse-fish, which adopts the synergistic effect of the environmental factor regulation and control of gonadotropic development and the reinforced feed for gonadotropic development to significantly improve the fertilization rate and the hatching rate of horse-fish, reinforce the growth and development in the process of fry breeding, and provide a feasible technology for carrying out the ecological diversity research of horse-fish, and protecting or releasing coral reef fish.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an artificial breeding method of horse-fish comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting parent fish of the horse-fish: selecting individuals with no damage to body surface, normal swimming, bright body color and body length of more than 15cm from parent fish sources of the horse-fish, and transporting the individuals to a temporary culture pond by a water-moving vehicle for temporary culture; after the temporary rearing is stable, 1ppm of copper sulfate is splashed into the temporary rearing pond, the water is changed by 100 percent after the temporary rearing is carried out for 12 hours, the disinfection is carried out for 12 hours after the temporary rearing is carried out for 24 hours, and the temporary rearing pond is transferred to a parent fish rearing pond;
s2, gonad enhancement culture: adopting a mode of combining regulation and control of environmental factors and parent fish gonad development strengthening bait to carry out parent fish gonad strengthening cultivation until the gonad is gradually mature, wherein the abdomen of the female fish gradually expands, and the gonad development reaches the IV stage;
s3, spawning induction and hatching: adopting an induced spawning mode combining running water stimulation and illumination mutation, enabling the horse-fish to naturally spawn and discharge sperms in a parent fish culture pond after 96 hours, forming fertilized eggs after fertilization, collecting the fertilized eggs, washing the fertilized eggs cleanly, removing dead eggs, putting the fertilized eggs into a conical hatching barrel for hatching, hatching the fertilized eggs at the water temperature of 28 ℃ and the salinity of 29 under the condition of continuous inflation, breaking membranes after 18-22 hours of hatching, and transferring the fertilized eggs to a offspring seed culture pond when black eyespots appear in the newly hatched larva fish;
s4: and (3) seedling cultivation: adopting a bait biological culture and bait combined feeding mode to cultivate the offspring seeds; wherein,
feeding rotifers which are filtered by a 300-mesh net as main materials from 3-day-old newly-hatched fries, sprinkling 1ppm of BP (BP) every day, wherein the density of the rotifers is 15-20/ml, and sprinkling 0.5ppm of EM (effective microorganism) stock solution in a pool;
feeding rotifers after being filtered by a 200-mesh net at the age of 6-10 days, wherein the density of the rotifers is 10-15/ml;
feeding rotifers filtered by a 150-mesh net and 150-mesh filtered copepods after the age of 11-20 days, wherein the density of the rotifers is maintained at 7-15/ml, and the density of the copepods is maintained at 2-4/ml;
feeding the copepod larvae filtered by 150 meshes when the larvae are 21-30 days old, and maintaining the density of the copepod larvae at 2-3 per ml;
after 30 days of age, the horse-fish grows to the juvenile stage, and is transferred to a new fry rearing pond for continuous rearing;
feeding fairy shrimp nauplii and 100-mesh filtered soft-shelled turtle larval at 30-40 days old, and maintaining the density at 2-3/ml;
feeding large size soft-shelled turtle larva with size of more than 2mm after 40 days of age until young fish develops, and maintaining the density at 2-3/ml;
the larval stage is gradually acclimatized into artificial compound feed.
Preferably, in step S2, the method for regulating environmental factors is: according to the environmental factors in the natural sea area of the parent fish source, the day-night ratio of illumination is changed to be 1: 2. the light intensity is adjusted to 3000-.
Preferably, in step S2, the parent fish gonad development enhancing bait consists of, by mass, 75% of yubao feed, 10% of fresh shrimp meat, 5% of soybean lecithin, 5% of schizochytrium limacinum powder, 3% of vitamin E, 1% of vitamin C, and 1% of fish liver oil.
Preferably, in step S2, the period of the gonad enhancement incubation is 28-32 days.
Preferably, in step S3, the spawning induction manner is: the running water stimulation mode is as follows: the water flows for 6 hours and stops flowing for 6 hours, and the water flow is 0.4 m/s; the mode of the illumination mutation is as follows: illumination day-night ratio of illumination from parent fish culture is 1: 2. regulating the light intensity to 3000-5000 lux mutation to the illumination day-night ratio of 1: 1. the light intensity was adjusted to 5000-.
Preferably, in step S3, the number of the offspring seed culture ponds is 2, the offspring seed culture ponds are prepared one week before induced spawning, the specification is 4 × 6 × 1.5m, after each offspring seed culture pond is thoroughly disinfected, 1.3m of seawater is injected, 3ppm of shrimp slices, 10L of brown sugar fermentation liquor and 100ml of composite live bacteria are added, chlorella and golden algae are simultaneously added, the color of water in the pond maintains yellow-green, the transparency of pond water is 60cm, the illumination intensity is 5000 plus 10000lux, the water temperature is 28-30 ℃, and the salinity is 29-31.
More preferably, in step S3, the composite live bacteria are selected from the group consisting of: bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria, digestive bacteria, lactobacillus acidophilus and actinomycetes.
Preferably, in step S4, during the fry rearing period, 0.5ppm of EM bacteria stock solution is sprinkled every other day in the pond, the transparency of chlorella and chrysophyceae is maintained at 70cm, after the pre-hatched fries grow to 40 days old, water is changed by 30% every day, and the fries are raised in running water in the fry stage.
Preferably, in step S4, during the period of fry rearing, 0.5ppm of vitamin C is sprinkled in the pool to improve the immunity of the fry and reduce the stress reaction.
Advantageous effects
(1) The invention adopts the environmental factor regulation and control of gonadotropic development and the feed for enhancing the gonadotropic development, and effectively promotes the gonad development of the horse-fish. By adjusting environmental factors such as water flow, illumination time length, intensity and the like and selecting substances rich in gonadotropic development unsaturated fatty acid, anti-stress reaction and anti-oxidation, the gonadal development of the wild horse-fish can finally reach the IV stage, thereby providing guarantee for induced spawning and hatching.
(2) According to the method, hormone induced spawning is not adopted, the induced spawning is regulated and controlled by environmental factors, and the fertilization rate and the hatching rate of the horse-fish are respectively 55% and 65% by combining a hatching technology meeting specific hatching environmental factors, so that the initially hatched horse-fish of the horse-fish under artificial cultivation conditions is obtained.
(3) The fry culturing pond of the invention uses the composite beneficial bacteria and the microalgae to culture the planktonic animal baits and regulate and control the water quality in the fry culturing pond, the baits adopt the series combination of rotifer-artemia nauplius, copepods-artificial compound feed to culture the fries, the initial incubation of the horse-fish reaches the juvenile fish with the body length of 3.5 +/-1.1 cm after 60 days of culture, the survival rate of the fries can reach 9 percent, and the invention provides technical support for the resource recovery, protection and releasing of the coral reef fish.
The above-described and other features, aspects, and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent with reference to the following detailed description.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
fig. 1 is a picture of a parent of a horse-fish.
Fig. 2 is a picture of parent fish gonad development strengthening bait in the invention.
FIG. 3 is a picture of young horse-fish cultured in the example.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the described embodiments of the invention without inventive step, are within the scope of protection of the invention.
Example 1
Artificial breeding of the horse-fish is carried out in Qihai scientific research base of the eastern China institute for aquatic products, aquatic research institute of China from 6 months to 10 months in 2020.
1. Source of parent fish
The parent fish is derived from wild horse-fish captured in south China sea purchased from Tan wharf of Henan province. Selecting individuals with no injury on body surface, normal swimming, bright body color and body length of more than 15 cm. The parent fish is transported to a rescue test center by a running water truck. The method comprises the steps of firstly putting the horse-fish into a temporary rearing pond (3m multiplied by 4m multiplied by 1.2m) for temporary rearing, after the temporary rearing is stable, in order to prevent diseases such as parasite carried by the fish in the transportation process or the sea area, sprinkling 1ppm of copper sulfate in the temporary rearing pond, changing water for 100 percent after treating for 12 hours, repeatedly sterilizing for 12 hours after 24 hours, and then transferring to a parent fish rearing pond for intensive rearing.
2. Preparation of environment factor regulation and strengthening bait for parent fish culture
While the conventional temperature rise and water flow change are followed to promote the gonadal development, the gonadal development of the horse-fish is promoted by adopting a method of changing the day-night ratio of illumination to 8:16 and adjusting the light intensity to 3000-. The parent fish strengthening bait formula comprises: the compound feed for the fishes (shown in figure 2) produced by forest simultaneously is taken as a basic material, accounts for 75 percent of the total amount, 10 percent of fresh shrimp meat, 5 percent of soybean lecithin, 5 percent of schizochytrium powder, 3 percent of vitamin E, 1 percent of vitamin C, 1 percent of cod liver oil are added, the fresh shrimp meat, the soybean lecithin, the kettle algae powder, fish glycerol and the like in the feed are rich in EPA and DHA, substances required by the sexual gland development of the horse-fish are ensured, the gonad development of the horse-fish is promoted, the vitamin C has the anti-stress effect, the vitamin E has the anti-oxidation function, and the fish-gonad development process is prevented from being oxidized and damaged. Adopts an environmental factor regulation and control method and a gonadotropic gland development bait formula, and reaches the IV stage after the sexual gland development of the horse-fish is cultivated for 30 days.
3. Hasten parturition and hatching
After the horse-fish is intensively cultivated, the gonad development reaches the IV stage, and the abdomen of the female fish gradually expands. Then adopting 6 hours of running water and stopping running water after 6 hours, wherein the water flow reaches 0.4 m/s; the day-night ratio of illumination is adjusted to 12:12 from 8:16 when parent fish is cultured, the light intensity is adjusted to 5000-.
Repeatedly cleaning the collected fertilized eggs, removing dead eggs, putting the fertilized eggs into a conical incubation barrel prepared in advance for incubation, continuously inflating, incubating and breaking membranes of the fertilized eggs for about 20 hours under the conditions of water temperature of 28 ℃ and salinity of 29, and transferring the fertilized eggs into a fry culture pond for culture when black eyespots appear in the newly incubated fries, wherein the fertility rate and the incubation rate respectively reach 55 percent and 65 percent.
4. Preparation of fry rearing pond
Preparing fry culturing ponds (4 multiplied by 6 multiplied by 1.5m, 2-mouth ponds) one week before spawning, completely sterilizing each culturing pond, injecting seawater 1.3m, adding 3ppm of shrimp slices, 10L of brown sugar fermentation liquor and 100ml of composite viable bacteria (bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria, digestive bacteria, lactobacillus acidophilus, actinomycetes and the like), simultaneously adding a small amount of chlorella and golden algae into the ponds for culturing protozoa in the ponds, keeping the water color in the ponds to be yellow green, keeping the water transparency of the ponds to be about 60cm, illuminating to 5000-.
5. Fry rearing
The composition of the bait organisms for cultivating the seeds of the horse-fish is set as follows: feeding rotifers which are filtered by a 300-mesh net as main materials from 3-day-old newly-hatched fries, sprinkling 1ppm of BP (BP) every day, wherein the density of the rotifers is 15-20/ml, and sprinkling about 0.5ppm of EM (effective microorganism) stock solution in a pool; feeding rotifers filtered by a 200-mesh net at the age of 6-10 days, wherein the density of the rotifers is 10-15/ml; feeding rotifers filtered by a 150-mesh net and copepods filtered by 150 meshes at the age of 11-20 days, wherein the density of the rotifers is maintained at 7-15/ml, and the density of the copepods larvae is maintained at 2-4/ml; feeding the copepod larvae after being filtered by 150 meshes when the larvae are 21-30 days old, and maintaining the density of the copepod larvae at 2-3 per ml.
After 30 days of age, the mackerel grows to a juvenile fish stage, and the juvenile mackerel needs to be transferred to a new culture pond for continuous culture, wherein the transfer method comprises the following steps: firstly, reducing water to 30cm by using a siphon (one end of the siphon absorbing water is arranged in the center of a 200-mesh net cage and is 20cm away from the bottom of the net cage, and the length of the net cage is 1m, the width of the net cage is 1m, and the depth of the net cage is 1.5 m); and slowly driving the young fishes into a specially-made net with the diameter of 60cm, the depth of 40cm and the mesh of 200 for fishing, and fishing the young fishes by using a water ladle and transferring the young fishes to a new culture pond.
Feeding fairy shrimp nauplii and flexible podded larvae filtered by 100 meshes at the age of 30-40 days, and maintaining the density at 2-3/ml; feeding large-size flexible feet with a size of more than 2mm after 40 days of age until young fish develops (see figure 3), and maintaining the density at 2-3/ml; the larval stage is gradually acclimatized into artificial compound feed.
In the cultivation period, about 0.5ppm of EM (effective microorganism) stock solution can be sprayed every other day in the pool, and the transparency of chlorella and golden algae is maintained at about 70 cm; after the newly hatched fries grow to 40 days old, water is changed by 30% every day, and the fries are raised in running water in the period of young fish. 0.5ppm of vitamin C is sprinkled in the pond during the fry rearing period to improve the fry immunity and reduce the stress reaction, and after 60 days of rearing, the newly hatched fries of the horse-fish reach the young fish with the body length of 3.5 +/-1.1 cm.
Taking out all eggs in the parent fish culture pond by using running water from lower water inlet and upper water outlet, counting the number of eggs according to the ratio of the number of eggs to the weight, spot-checking the number of eggs grown by embryos in floating eggs, then spot-checking the ratio of fertilized eggs to hatched fries to count the hatching rate, and calculating the fry breeding rate by using the ratio of the number of young fishes to hatched fries. Tests show that by adopting the artificial breeding method, the egg laying amount of the horse-fish is 11.3 ten thousand in total, about 6.2 thousand of fertilized eggs are obtained, the fertility rate is 55%, about 4.1 ten thousand of newly hatched fries are obtained, the hatching rate reaches 65%, 3700 young fries of the horse-fish are bred, and the survival rate of breeding is 9%.
Claims (4)
1. An artificial breeding method of horse-fish is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, selecting parent fish of the horse-fish: selecting individuals with no damage to body surfaces, normal swimming, bright body color and body length of more than 15cm from parent fish sources of the horse-fish, transporting the individuals to a temporary culture pond by a water-moving vehicle for temporary culture, splashing 1ppm of copper sulfate into the temporary culture pond after stabilization, changing water for 100 percent after treating for 12 hours, repeatedly sterilizing for 12 hours after 24 hours, and transferring to the parent fish culture pond;
s2, gonad enhancement culture: adopting a mode of combining regulation and control environmental factors and parent fish sexual gland development strengthening baits to carry out parent fish sexual gland strengthening cultivation until the sexual gland is gradually mature, the abdomen of the female fish gradually expands, and the sexual gland development reaches the IV stage; wherein, according to the environmental factor in the natural sea area of parent fish origin, while raising the temperature and simulating the water flow change in the environment, the day-night ratio of the illumination is changed to 1: 2. regulating light intensity to 3000-;
s3, spawning induction and hatching: adopting an induced spawning mode combining running water stimulation and illumination mutation, and after 96 hours, enabling the horse-fish to naturally spawn and discharge sperm in a parent fish culture pond, and forming fertilized eggs after fertilization; collecting fertilized eggs, washing, removing dead eggs, putting the fertilized eggs into a conical hatching barrel for hatching, hatching the fertilized eggs at the water temperature of 28 ℃ and the salinity of 29 for 18-22 hours to break membranes, and transferring the fertilized eggs to a fry breeding pond when black eyespots appear in the newly hatched fries; the running water stimulation mode is as follows: the water flows for 6 hours and stops flowing for 6 hours, and the water flow is 0.4 m/s; the mode of the illumination mutation is as follows: illumination day-night ratio of illumination from parent fish culture is 1: 2. regulating the light intensity to 3000-5000 lux mutation to the illumination day-night ratio of 1: 1. adjusting the light intensity to 5000-;
s4: and (3) seedling cultivation: adopting a bait biological culture and bait combined feeding mode to cultivate the offspring seeds; wherein,
feeding rotifers filtered by a 300-mesh net to the newly hatched fries at 3-day age, sprinkling 1ppm of BP (BP) every day, wherein the density of the rotifers is 15-20/ml, and sprinkling 0.5ppm of EM (effective microorganism) stock solution in a pool;
feeding rotifers after being filtered by a 200-mesh net at the age of 6-10 days, wherein the density of the rotifers is 10-15/ml;
feeding rotifers filtered by a 150-mesh net and copepods filtered by 150 meshes at the age of 11-20 days, wherein the density of the rotifers is maintained at 7-15/ml, and the density of the copepods is maintained at 2-4/ml;
feeding the copepod larvae filtered by 150 meshes when the larvae are 21-30 days old, and maintaining the density of the copepod larvae at 2-3 per ml;
after 30 days of age, the horse-fish grows to the juvenile stage, and is transferred to a new fry rearing pond for continuous rearing;
feeding fairy shrimp nauplii and 100-mesh filtered soft-shelled turtle larval after 30-40 days of age;
feeding large-size soft-shelled turtle larvae with the age of 40 days and the size of more than 2mm until the young fishes develop;
gradually acclimating the juvenile fish into artificial compound feed;
wherein, in the period of fry cultivation, 0.5ppm of EM (effective microorganism) stock solution is sprayed every other day in the pond, the transparency of chlorella and golden algae is maintained at 70cm, after the newly hatched fries grow to 40 days old, water is changed by 30% every day, the fries are raised in running water in the stage of fry, and 0.5ppm of vitamin C is sprayed in the pond to improve the immunity of the fries and reduce the stress response.
2. The artificial breeding method of horse-fish according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the parent fish gonad development enhancing bait is composed of, by mass, 75% of Yubao feed, 10% of fresh shrimp meat, 5% of soybean lecithin, 5% of Schizochytrium limacinum powder, 3% of vitamin E, 1% of vitamin C, and 1% of fish liver oil.
3. The artificial breeding method of horse-fish according to claim 1, characterized in that in step S2, the period of gonad-enhanced cultivation is 28-32 days.
4. The artificial breeding method of horse-fish according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the number of the fry rearing ponds is 2, the fry rearing ponds are prepared one week before induced spawning, the specification is 4m x 6m x 1.5m, after each fry rearing pond is thoroughly disinfected, sea water is injected for 1.3m, 3ppm of shrimp slices, 10L of brown sugar fermentation broth and 100ml of composite live bacteria are added, chlorella and golden algae are simultaneously added, the color of water in the pond maintains yellow green, the transparency of pond water is 60cm, the illumination intensity is 5000 + 10000lux, the water temperature is 28-30 ℃, the salinity is 29-31, and the composite live bacteria are selected from the group consisting of: bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria, digestive bacteria, lactobacillus acidophilus and actinomycetes.
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