CN100396177C - Artificial breeding method and incubator for shatang carp - Google Patents
Artificial breeding method and incubator for shatang carp Download PDFInfo
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- CN100396177C CN100396177C CNB2006100503576A CN200610050357A CN100396177C CN 100396177 C CN100396177 C CN 100396177C CN B2006100503576 A CNB2006100503576 A CN B2006100503576A CN 200610050357 A CN200610050357 A CN 200610050357A CN 100396177 C CN100396177 C CN 100396177C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to an artificial breeding method and an incubator for shatang carp. The artificial breeding method comprises the steps of parent carp breeding, spawning and fertilization, incubation and fry rearing, wherein a parent fish group is synchronously bred and fertilized by a temperature regulation method, a running water stimulation method, etc., after preferential strengthening and breeding of parent carp; a tile attached with fertilized eggs is arranged in a custom-designed incubating device for incubation after sterilization; fry larvae after incubation are collected in a special fry cement pool for elaborative breeding. The artificial incubator is a cuboid incubation tank which is provided with a light screen, an oxygen enriched circulation water pump, a water level control mechanism, a water flow control mechanism and a water quantity control mechanism. The artificial incubator has the advantages of convenient operation and management, little space occupation and easy transfer and transportation. The whole technology of the present invention is carried out in the condition of complete indoor artificial control; the present invention has the advantages of convenient operation, specification, stability, reliability, no influence of external natural environment and stable production of fries, and solves the problem that the shatang carp can not produced in large scale or in commercialization.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the fish culture technical field, particularly relate to the artificial fecundation method and the hatching apparatus thereof of Odontobutis obscura.
Background technology
Odontobutis obscura (Odonbutis obscurus) has another name called husky murrel, the black straw bag of local name, and careless mother-in-law fish, handwoven cloth fish are subordinate to Perciformes, Eleotridae, Odontobutis, are distributed in water systems such as China middle and lower reach of Yangtze River, the Qiantang River, the Min River.This fish belongs to end small-sized carnivorous economic fish of dwelling, the tender thorn of meat less, contain meat rate height, delicious flavour, be of high nutritive value, its fresh meat contains protein 18.39%, fat 0.98%, human body institute's essential amino acid and delicate flavour amino acid content all are higher than general fish, in the river, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Fujian one band is regarded as famous and precious fish, can be rated as " south of the River famous dish ", be loved by the people.The Odontobutis obscura individuality is less, and natural output is not high, at present, because this fish artificial propagation techniques is not broken through, marketable fish still depends on fishes for wild resource, along with the aggravation of catching intensity causes marketable fish size constantly to reduce, stock number descends, heavy damage the population structure of wild resource, reduce the absolute quantity of reproductive population.On the other hand, along with market increases the demand of Odontobutis obscura, supply falls short of demand in market, and price constantly raises up, and the market supply time of this fish mainly concentrate on sexual maturity reproduction period, be difficult to accomplish balanced listing, this also becomes the major reason of destroying resource.Therefore, the large-scale production of development seed, solving the deficient problem of seed is the basis of carrying out artificial increasing cultivation, protection wild resource, demonstrates its importance day by day with urgent.Compare with common cyprinid fish, Odontobutis obscura has its unique reproductive habit, is its breeding period in the 3-4 month in natural world every year, and breeding period early; Have that nature nest nest formula is laid eggs, milter is guarded the habit of hatching.According to open, in recent years, there are indivedual units once Odontobutis obscura to be carried out natural temperature artificial propagation lab scale, adopt artificial induced spawning, natural spawning, natural temperature hatching pattern, this method is subjected to the particularly influence of water temperature variation of external environment easily, simultaneously owing to can't obtain guarding naturally of milter, the easy mouldy death of fertilized egg, thereby can not form in batches and stable seed production capacity.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that quasi-solution of the present invention is determined is, and is stable for Odontobutis obscura, breed a kind of complete manually operated method and hatching apparatus thereof are provided in bulk.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
The Odontobutis obscura artificial fecundation method, comprise parent fish rearing, spawning and fertilization, hatching and each step of fry rearing, be specially (1) parent fish rearing: carry out reinforced cultivating by the parent population of purchasing natural parent population or propagating artificially, promote the fingerling gonadal maturation, at annual late March to early April, method by perusal and touch, select gonadal maturation, body surface is normal, no scale comes off parent population to put into little cement pit in proportion through sterilizing, place tile at the bottom of the pond, both perched, lay eggs as parent population again and adhere to usefulness as parent population; (2) parent population is supported temporarily by sterilization, enters the artificial induction and lays eggs the stage, adopts fresh and alive feed, enriched nutritive, temperature control, and stimulation by running water promotes parent population to concentrate synchronous spawning and fertilization; (3) artificial incubation: the tile medication liquor that will adhere to fertilized egg soaks and carries out disinfection, and rejects dead ovum; (4) fry rearing, preceding ten days wheel animalcules of throwing something and feeding, more than the ten day macroplankton of throwing something and feeding in back is as bait.It is characterized in that in described step (3) the artificial incubation process, is when treating that the development of fertilized ova color is brown, tile to be moved in the artificial incubation groove one by one, tile with
Form is placed, and the water temperature of control incubation tank is 25～26 ℃, and pH value is 7.3～7.8, dissolved oxygen amount 〉=5mg/l, the discharge by incubation tank is 150l/h, water velocity 10～12m/min, illuminance 40～the 600lx of incubation tank, fertilized egg begins rupture of membranes and emerges after 480 hours approximately; Step (4) fry rearing is after the yolk sac for the treatment of the Odontobutis obscura young disappears substantially, the Odontobutis obscura young in the incubation tank to be collected in the fry rearing cement pit, control water level 60cm, and water temperature is 23～24 ℃, water-soluble oxygen amount 〉=5mg/l is by 1000 tails/m
3The cloth seedling.
The hatching apparatus that is used for above-mentioned Odontobutis obscura artificial fecundation method, it has the cuboid cell body, vertical end of this rectangular cell body is equipped with water inlet pipe, the vertical other end of cell body offers floss hole on the bottom surface, and floss hole is connected with the discharge nozzle of band valve downwards, also is provided with the overflow pipe of vertical through slot base plate on the bottom land, the overflow pipe upper end is connected with telescoping tube, the oxygenation water circulating pump is installed on the cell body madial wall, and cell body is suitable for reading to be equipped with movable shadow shield, evenly places fertilized egg on the groove bottom and adheres to tile.
Advantage that the present invention has and good effect:
(1), parent population carries out antenatal reinforced cultivating, and its gonad development is aligned mutually.
(2), take methods such as temperature adjusting, stimulation by running water, promote parent fish population synchronous spawning and fertilization, improved parent fish population synchronous spawning rate and fertilization rate effectively.
(3), adopt total man's industry control system water quality and temperature to carry out incubating oosperm, manually guard, reject measure such as dead ovum, bound drug is sterilized, and effectively prevents the mildew and rot death of fertilized egg, has significantly improved incubation rate.
(4), hatching apparatus is simple and reasonable for structure, and is convenient to the regulation and control of incubation conditions such as water quality, water temperature, discharge, flow velocity and illuminance, thereby obviously reduced the dead ovum number of hatching process, and device integral body takes up room for a short time, is easy to shift carrying.
(5), a whole set of technology is carried out under indoor full manual control condition; be not subjected to the external environment factor affecting; convenient and reliable operation; can guarantee the steady production of seed; solved the large-scale production difficult problem of Odontobutis obscura seed preferably; the Odontobutis obscura incubation rate of the technology of the present invention reaches 85%, and survival rate of fish fry reaches 80%.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing is a hatching apparatus general structure schematic diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described with embodiment below.
The Odontobutis obscura artificial fecundation method comprises the following steps:
(1), parent fish rearing
A. the parent population reinforced cultivating in 4-5 month, through the fingerling that artificial propagation obtains, is put the 3000-5000 tail in a suitable place to breed for every mu, propagates artificially, cultivates to carrying out artificial-strengthening the 2-3 month in next year.Mainly cultivate plankton with suitable rich water, throw something and feed fresh water freshwater shrimp shrimp seedling or shrimp, conventional fry, fingerling, and often annotate and change fresh water, promote gonad development, maturation.
B. hasten parturition selection and the combo of parent population are according to the natural propagation time of Odontobutis obscura, by the end of March to early April, carry out parent fish selection, mainly by the method for perusal and touch, parent population required more than 2 ages in winter, and the bodily form is normal, anosis nothing is hindered, more than the specification 75 gram/tails, the raun belly that maturity is good expands, and faces upward the visible significantly ovary profile of abdomen, handstand has the ovary flow phenomenon, and hand is touched belly soft flexible sensation.The milter belly does not expand, and gonapophysis is long and sharp, is pink.According to natural spawning natural insemination method, the male and female parent population was by 1: 1 combo.
C. parent population is supported temporarily, and parent population is supported in indoor cement pit every pool area 10-20m temporarily before hastening parturition
2, and through strict sterilization.And the natural ecological environment of imitation Odontobutis obscura, at the bottom of cement pit, put quantity in a suitable place to breed a certain proportion of fish nest is set by parent population.The fish nest be with the tile of house owed by a citizen with
Shape couches at the bottom of the pond, both perches as parent population, and ovulation is adhered to after doing again.According to male and female proportioning 1: 1, every pond was put raun 100 tails, milter 100 tails in a suitable place to breed, lay at the bottom of the pond 100 with
Shape tilefish nest.
(2), induce synchronous spawning and fertilization
At early April by the end of March, temperature instability, the water temperature amplitude of variation is bigger.In order to guarantee Odontobutis obscura embryo's normal development, we have adopted indoor omnidistance temperature control technique.When water temperature was lower than 24 ℃, the induced spawning that progressively heats up, heating gradient were 1 ℃/day, until making water temperature stability at 24 ℃.The water body dissolved oxygen amount remains on more than the 5mg/l, and PH is between 7.3-7.8; And with the stimulation by running water parent population of 30m/min, observe parent population ovulation situation every day, find that indivedual fishes lay eggs after, the flowing water flow velocity is adjusted to 15-20m/min, in order to avoid influence the adhesion naturally of parent population physical consumption and fertilized egg.
(3), artificial incubation
Parent population ovulates and at the external after fertilization of finishing, fertilized egg is attached to the fish nest
The tile inboard.Because fertilized egg viscosity is stronger, and be attached to and compare comparatively dense on the tile, overlapping phenomenon is serious, therefore, fertilized egg is gone rotten easily, to have influence on peripheral healthy ovum in order preventing to go rotten to stretch, should to take out the tile that is stained with fertilized egg after the ovulation with the bleaching powder soup soaking disinfection of 1ppm concentration 10 minutes, perhaps the hydrogen peroxide with 400ppm concentration soaked 30 minutes.Simultaneously in conjunction with putting back to spawning pond again behind the dead ovum of artificial rejecting.When treating that the development of fertilized ova color is brown, tile moved in the incubation tank one by one hatches, tile with
Form is placed.In the incubation tank hatching process, adopt the every index of total man's industry control system: water-soluble oxygen amount 〉=5mg/l, PH7.3-7.8,, incubation tank streamflow 150l/h, flow velocity 10-12m/min, water temperature 25-26 ℃.Can make the rotten broken matter between fertilized egg be shed to bottom land by circulation flowing water.When just having hatched the sub-fraction fry, shadow shield is moved to the position of the strong or direct projection of light, embryo and 30 ages in days are 40-600lx with the suitable intensity of illumination that interior prelarva grows.
(4) fry rearing
Owing to be difficult to catch sale behind the pool under the Odontobutis obscura fry, thereby taked cement pit to cultivate fry.After the yolk sac for the treatment of the Odontobutis obscura young disappears substantially, the Odontobutis obscura young in the incubation tank is collected in the cement pit cement pit 18m
2/ only, control water level 60cm, water temperature 23-24 ℃.By 1000 tails/m
3The cloth seedling, early stage the wheel animalcule of throwing something and feeding, the later stage macroplanktons such as cladocera, copepoda of throwing something and feeding make living bait.Through more than 20 days, fry can grow up to the commodity fry of 2-3cm, and average survival can reach 80%.
Used hatching apparatus is custom-designed a kind of incubation tank in the said method, and it has cuboid cell body 1, and vertical end of cell body is equipped with water inlet pipe 11, and water inlet pipe 11 is provided with control valve 13, and flowmeter 12 is installed on the pipeline section behind the control valve 13; The vertical other end of cell body offers floss hole 4 on the bottom surface, and floss hole 4 is connected with the tube connector 5 of band valve 6 downwards, and by this floss hole and tube connector, but both letdown tank bottom sewage can be collected again and take out the hatching fry; The also high overflow pipe 7 that vertical through slot base plate is arranged in incubation tank bottom, overflow pipe 7 upper ends are connected with telescoping tube 8, regulate the telescoping tube height of overflow pipe, can regulate the water level height in the incubation tank; Oxygenation water circulating pump 10 is installed on the cell body inwall; Be connected with on the inlet tube of oxygenation water circulating pump 10 and stretch out the outer air intake duct 14 of incubation tank; Be respectively equipped with long recess under 1 liang of vertical side plate medial surface upper edge hole of cell body and constitute the slideway 3 of shadow shield 2, shadow shield 2 adopts brown or coloured glasss such as brown, blue look, green; Groove bottom is evenly placed fertilized egg and is adhered to tile 9.Present embodiment cell body 1 adopts galvanized iron sheet to make, long 2.5m, wide 0.5m, high 0.45m, and it is more convenient to shift carrying.
Claims (8)
1. Odontobutis obscura artificial fecundation method, comprise parent fish rearing, spawning and fertilization, hatching and each step of fry rearing, be specially (1) parent fish rearing: carry out reinforced cultivating by the parent population of purchasing natural parent population or propagating artificially, promote the fingerling gonadal maturation, at annual late March to early April, method by perusal and touch, select gonadal maturation, body surface is normal, no scale comes off parent population to put into little cement pit in proportion through sterilizing, place tile at the bottom of the pond, both perched, lay eggs as parent population again and adhere to usefulness as parent population; (2) parent population is supported temporarily by sterilization, enters the artificial induction and lays eggs the stage, adopts fresh and alive feed, enriched nutritive, temperature control, and stimulation by running water promotes parent population to concentrate synchronous spawning and fertilization; (3) artificial incubation: the tile medication liquor that will adhere to fertilized egg soaks and carries out disinfection, and rejects dead ovum; (4) fry rearing, preceding ten days wheel animalcules of throwing something and feeding, more than the ten day macroplankton of throwing something and feeding in back is as bait; It is characterized in that in described step (3) the artificial incubation process, is when treating that the development of fertilized ova color is brown, tile to be moved in the artificial incubation groove one by one, tile with
Form is placed, and the water temperature of control incubation tank is 25～26 ℃, and pH value is 7.3～7.8, dissolved oxygen amount 〉=5mg/l, the discharge by incubation tank is 150l/h, water velocity 10～12m/min, illuminance 40～the 600lx of incubation tank, fertilized egg begins rupture of membranes and emerges after 480 hours approximately; Step (4) fry rearing is after the yolk sac for the treatment of the Odontobutis obscura young disappears substantially, the Odontobutis obscura young in the incubation tank to be collected in the fry rearing cement pit, control water level 60cm, and water temperature is 23～24 ℃, water-soluble oxygen amount 〉=5mg/l is by 1000 tails/m
3The cloth seedling.
2. by the described Odontobutis obscura artificial fecundation method of claim 1, it is characterized in that inducing the preferable condition of parent population synchronous spawning and fertilization to be: water body dissolved oxygen amount 〉=5mg/l, PH is 7.3～7.8, water temperature is 24 ℃, when water temperature is lower than 24 ℃, heats up with 1 ℃/day heating gradient, until making water temperature stability at 24 ℃, and with the stimulation by running water parent population of 30m/min, after parent population began to lay eggs, control flowing water flow velocity was 15～20m/min.
3. by the described Odontobutis obscura artificial fecundation method of claim 1, it is characterized in that the Eusol concentration that the tile that is attached with fertilized egg is carried out disinfection is 1ppm, tile soaking disinfection time in this solution is 10 minutes.
4. by the described Odontobutis obscura artificial fecundation method of claim 1, it is characterized in that the concentration of hydrogen peroxide that the tile that is attached with fertilized egg is carried out disinfection is 400ppm, the soaking disinfection time is 30 minutes.
5. hatching apparatus that is used for the Odontobutis obscura artificial fecundation method, has cuboid cell body (1), a vertical end that it is characterized in that cell body (1) is equipped with water inlet pipe (11), cell body (1) vertically offers floss hole (4) on the other end bottom surface, floss hole (4) is connected with the tube connector (5) of band valve (6) downwards, trench bottom also is provided with the overflow pipe (7) of vertical through slot base plate, overflow pipe (7) upper end is connected with telescoping tube (8), oxygenation water circulating pump (10) is installed on the cell body inwall, be connected with on the water inlet pipe of oxygenation water circulating pump (10) and stretch out the outer air intake duct (14) of incubation tank, cell body (1) upper edge hole is equipped with movable shadow shield (2), evenly places fertilized egg on the groove bottom and adheres to tile (9).
6. by the described hatching apparatus of claim 5, it is characterized in that on the pipeline section behind the cell body water inlet pipe control valve (13) flowmeter (12) being installed.
7. by the described hatching apparatus of claim 5, it is characterized in that offering long recess respectively under bottom land (1) two vertical side plate medial surface upper edge hole and the slideway (3) that constitutes shadow shield (2).
8. by claim 5 or 7 described hatching apparatus, it is characterized in that shadow shield (2) adopts coloured glass.
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