CN1846480A - Artificial breeding method and incubator for shatang carp - Google Patents
Artificial breeding method and incubator for shatang carp Download PDFInfo
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- CN1846480A CN1846480A CNA2006100503576A CN200610050357A CN1846480A CN 1846480 A CN1846480 A CN 1846480A CN A2006100503576 A CNA2006100503576 A CN A2006100503576A CN 200610050357 A CN200610050357 A CN 200610050357A CN 1846480 A CN1846480 A CN 1846480A
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Abstract
The present invention is artificial breeding method and incubator for Shatang carp. The artificial breeding method includes the steps of parent fish breeding, spawning and fertilization, hatching and carp fry culturing. After intensified parent fish breeding, temperature control, flow water stimulation and other method are taken to promote the synchronous spawning and fertilization of parent fishes, the fertilized eggs on tiles are sterilized and hatched in a special hatching device, and the hatched carp fries are cultured in a special cement pond. The artificial hatching device is one rectangular hatching tank with shield, ventilating water circulating pump, water level and water flow controlling mechanism. The technology of the present invention is suitable for large scale production of Shatang carp fry.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the fish culture technical field, particularly relate to the artificial fecundation method and the hatching apparatus thereof of Odontobutis obscura.
Background technology
Odontobutis obscura (Odonbutis obscurus) has another name called husky murrel, the black straw bag of local name, and careless mother-in-law fish, handwoven cloth fish are subordinate to Perciformes, Eleotridae, Odontobutis, are distributed in water systems such as China middle and lower reach of Yangtze River, the Qiantang River, the Min River.This fish belongs to end small-sized carnivorous economic fish of dwelling, the tender thorn of meat less, contain meat rate height, delicious flavour, be of high nutritive value, its fresh meat contains protein 18.39%, fat 0.98%, human body institute's essential amino acid and delicate flavour amino acid content all are higher than general fish, in the river, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Fujian one band is regarded as famous and precious fish, can be rated as " south of the River famous dish ", be loved by the people.The Odontobutis obscura individuality is less, and natural output is not high, at present, because this fish artificial propagation techniques is not broken through, marketable fish still depends on fishes for wild resource, along with the aggravation of catching intensity causes marketable fish size constantly to reduce, stock number descends, heavy damage the population structure of wild resource, reduce the absolute quantity of reproductive population.On the other hand, along with market increases the demand of Odontobutis obscura, supply falls short of demand in market, and price constantly raises up, and the market supply time of this fish mainly concentrate on sexual maturity reproduction period, be difficult to accomplish balanced listing, this also becomes the major reason of destroying resource.Therefore, the large-scale production of development seed, solving the deficient problem of seed is the basis of carrying out artificial increasing cultivation, protection wild resource, demonstrates its importance day by day with urgent.Compare with common cyprinid fish, Odontobutis obscura has its unique reproductive habit, is its breeding period in the 3-4 month in natural world every year, and breeding period early; Have that nature nest nest formula is laid eggs, milter is guarded the habit of hatching.According to open, in recent years, there are indivedual units once Odontobutis obscura to be carried out natural temperature artificial propagation lab scale, adopt artificial induced spawning, natural spawning, natural temperature hatching pattern, this method is subjected to the particularly influence of water temperature variation of external environment easily, simultaneously owing to can't obtain guarding naturally of milter, the easy mouldy death of fertilized egg, thereby can not form in batches and stable seed production capacity.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that quasi-solution of the present invention is determined is, and is stable for Odontobutis obscura, breed a kind of complete manually operated method and hatching apparatus thereof are provided in bulk.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
The Odontobutis obscura artificial fecundation method, it comprises the parent population seed selection, the insemination of laying eggs, hatching and each step of fry rearing:
(1), parent population seed selection
A. the parent population reinforced cultivating in 4-5 month, is chosen fingerling and is carried out the labor management breed of special pond, to the fresh and alive concentrated feed enriched nutritive that 2-3 month begins to throw something and feed in next year, often annotates simultaneously and changes fresh water, promotes the fingerling gonadal maturation;
B. selection of parent population and combo, between 20-April 20 March in every year, select a time by dissecting the method for mensuration and perusal and touch, select that gonadal maturation, body surface are normal, no scale comes off two age fish do the parent, the parent population of select is put into indoor cement pit after strict sterilization in 1: 1 ratio of male and female, place at the bottom of the pond that some are bundled into the arch tile
Shape fish nest was both perched as parent population, laid eggs as parent population again and adhered to usefulness;
(2), induce synchronous spawning and fertilization
Parent population is supported temporarily through the sterilization of week age in above-mentioned cement pit, enters the artificial induction and lays eggs the stage, adopts throw something and feed fresh and alive feed, enriched nutritive, and temperature adjusting, stimulation by running water promote parent population to concentrate synchronous spawning and natural insemination, the ovum that dam's steck goes out attached to
The tile inwall of shape fish nest, male parent population are promptly inseminated to it and are formed fertilized egg;
(3), artificial incubation
The tile that a. will be attached with fertilized egg carries out disinfection with bleaching powder or hydrogen peroxide soup, and puts back in the cement pit again after rejecting dead ovum;
When treating that b. the development of fertilized ova color is brown, tile is moved in the artificial incubation groove one by one, tile with
Form is placed, and the water temperature of control incubation tank is 25-26 ℃, and pH value is 7.3-7.8, dissolved oxygen amount 〉=5mg/l, the discharge by incubation tank is 150l/h, water velocity 10-12m/min, the illuminance 40-600lx of incubation tank, fertilized egg begins rupture of membranes and emerges after 480 hours approximately;
(4), fry rearing
After the yolk sac for the treatment of the Odontobutis obscura young disappears substantially, the Odontobutis obscura young in the incubation tank is collected in the fry rearing cement pit, control water level 60cm, water temperature is 23-24 ℃, water-soluble oxygen amount 〉=5mg/l is by 1000 tails/m
3The cloth seedling, preceding ten days wheel animalcules of throwing something and feeding, macroplanktons such as more than the ten day cladocera of throwing something and feeding in back, copepoda make bait, and through more than 20 days, fry can grow up to the commodity fry of 2-3cm.
The hatching apparatus that is used for above-mentioned Odontobutis obscura artificial fecundation method, it has the cuboid cell body, vertical end of this rectangular cell body is equipped with water inlet pipe, the vertical other end of cell body offers floss hole on the bottom surface, and floss hole is connected with the discharge nozzle of band valve downwards, also is provided with the overflow pipe of vertical through slot base plate on the bottom land, the overflow pipe upper end is connected with telescoping tube, the oxygenation water circulating pump is installed on the cell body madial wall, and cell body is suitable for reading to be equipped with movable shadow shield, evenly places fertilized egg on the groove bottom and adheres to tile.
Advantage that the present invention has and good effect:
(1), parent population carries out antenatal reinforced cultivating, and its gonad development is aligned mutually.
(2), take methods such as temperature adjusting, stimulation by running water, promote parent fish population synchronous spawning and fertilization, improved parent fish population synchronous spawning rate and fertilization rate effectively.
(3), adopt total man's industry control system water quality and temperature to carry out incubating oosperm, manually guard, reject measure such as dead ovum, bound drug is sterilized, and effectively prevents the mildew and rot death of fertilized egg, has significantly improved incubation rate.
(4), hatching apparatus is simple and reasonable for structure, and is convenient to the regulation and control of incubation conditions such as water quality, water temperature, discharge, flow velocity and illuminance, thereby obviously reduced the dead ovum number of hatching process, and device integral body takes up room for a short time, is easy to shift carrying.
(5), a whole set of technology is carried out under indoor full manual control condition; be not subjected to the external environment factor affecting; convenient and reliable operation; can guarantee the steady production of seed; solved the large-scale production difficult problem of Odontobutis obscura seed preferably; the Odontobutis obscura incubation rate of the technology of the present invention reaches 85%, and survival rate of fish fry reaches 80%.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing is a hatching apparatus general structure schematic diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described with embodiment below.
The Odontobutis obscura artificial fecundation method comprises the following steps:
(1), parent population seed selection
A. the parent population reinforced cultivating in 4-5 month, through the fingerling that artificial propagation obtains, is put the 3000-5000 tail in a suitable place to breed for every mu, propagates artificially, cultivates to carrying out artificial-strengthening the 2-3 month in next year.Mainly cultivate plankton with suitable rich water, throw something and feed fresh water freshwater shrimp shrimp seedling or shrimp, conventional fry, fingerling, and often annotate and change fresh water, promote gonad development, maturation.
B. hasten parturition selection and the combo of parent population are according to the natural propagation time of Odontobutis obscura, by the end of March to early April, carry out parent fish selection, mainly by the method for anatomic observation and touch, parent population required more than 2 ages in winter, and the bodily form is normal, anosis nothing is hindered, more than the specification 75 gram/tails, the raun belly that maturity is good expands, and faces upward the visible significantly ovary profile of abdomen, handstand has the ovary flow phenomenon, and hand is touched belly soft flexible sensation.The milter belly does not expand, and gonapophysis is long and sharp, is pink.According to natural spawning natural insemination method, the male and female parent population was by 1: 1 combo.
C. parent population is supported temporarily, and parent population is supported in indoor cement pit every pool area 10-20m temporarily before hastening parturition
2, and through strict sterilization.And the natural ecological environment of imitation Odontobutis obscura, at the bottom of cement pit, put quantity in a suitable place to breed a certain proportion of fish nest is set by parent population.The fish nest be with the tile of house owed by a citizen with
Shape couches at the bottom of the pond, both perches as parent population, and ovulation is adhered to after doing again.According to male and female proportioning 1: 1, every pond was put raun 100 tails, milter 100 tails in a suitable place to breed, lay at the bottom of the pond 100 with
Shape tilefish nest.
(2), induce synchronous spawning and fertilization
By the end of March, early April, temperature instability, the water temperature amplitude of variation is bigger.In order to guarantee Odontobutis obscura embryo's normal development, we have adopted indoor omnidistance temperature control technique.When water temperature was lower than 24 ℃, the induced spawning that progressively heats up, heating gradient were 1 ℃/day, until making water temperature stability at 24 ℃.The water body dissolved oxygen amount remains on more than the 5mg/l, and PH is between 7.3-7.8; And with the stimulation by running water parent population of 30m/min, observe parent population ovulation situation every day, find that indivedual fishes lay eggs after, the flowing water flow velocity is adjusted to 15-20m/min, in order to avoid influence the adhesion naturally of parent population physical consumption and fertilized egg.
(3), artificial incubation
Parent population ovulation and external finish insemination after, fertilized egg is attached to the fish nest
The tile inboard.Because fertilized egg viscosity is stronger, and be attached to and compare comparatively dense on the tile, overlapping phenomenon is serious, therefore, fertilized egg is gone rotten easily, to have influence on peripheral healthy ovum in order preventing to go rotten to stretch, should to take out the tile that is stained with fertilized egg after the ovulation with the bleaching powder soup soaking disinfection of 1ppm concentration 10 minutes, perhaps the hydrogen peroxide with 400ppm concentration soaked 30 minutes.Simultaneously in conjunction with putting back to spawning pond again behind the dead ovum of artificial rejecting.When treating that the development of fertilized ova color is brown, tile moved in the incubation tank one by one hatches, tile with
Form is placed.In the incubation tank hatching process, adopt the every index of total man's industry control system: water-soluble oxygen amount 〉=5mg/l, PH7.3-7.8, incubation tank streamflow 150l/h, flow velocity 10-12m/min, water temperature 25-26 ℃.Can make the rotten broken matter between fertilized egg be shed to bottom land by circulation flowing water.When just having hatched the sub-fraction fry, shadow shield is moved to the position of the strong or direct projection of light, embryo and 30 ages in days are 40-600lx with the suitable intensity of illumination that interior prelarva grows.
(4), fry rearing
Owing to be difficult to catch sale behind the pool under the sleeper seedling, thereby taked cement pit to cultivate fry.After the yolk sac for the treatment of the Odontobutis obscura young disappears substantially, the Odontobutis obscura young in the incubation tank is collected in the cement pit cement pit 18m
2/ only, control water level 60cm, water temperature 23-24 ℃.By 1000 tails/m
3The cloth seedling, early stage the wheel animalcule of throwing something and feeding, the later stage macroplanktons such as cladocera, copepoda of throwing something and feeding make living bait.Through more than 20 days, fry can grow up to the commodity fry of 2-3cm, and average survival can reach 80%.
Used hatching apparatus is custom-designed a kind of incubation tank in the said method, and it has cuboid cell body 1, and vertical end of cell body is equipped with water inlet pipe 11, and water inlet pipe 11 is provided with control valve 13, and flowmeter 12 is installed on the pipeline section behind the control valve 13; The vertical other end of cell body offers floss hole 4 on the bottom surface, and floss hole 4 is connected with the tube connector 5 of band valve 6 downwards, and by this floss hole and tube connector, but both letdown tank bottom sewage can be collected again and take out the hatching fry; The incubation tank bottom also is provided with the overflow pipe 7 of vertical through slot base plate, and overflow pipe 7 upper ends are connected with telescoping tube 8, regulates the telescoping tube height of overflow pipe, can regulate the water level height in the incubation tank; Oxygenation water circulating pump 10 is installed on the cell body inwall; Be connected with on the inlet tube of oxygenation water circulating pump 10 and stretch out the outer air intake duct 14 of incubation tank; Be respectively equipped with long recess under 1 liang of vertical side plate medial surface upper edge hole of cell body and constitute the slideway 3 of shadow shield 2, shadow shield 2 adopts brown or coloured glasss such as brown, blue look, green; Groove bottom is evenly placed fertilized egg and is adhered to tile 9.Present embodiment cell body 1 adopts galvanized iron sheet to make, long 2.5m, wide 0.5m, high 0.45m, and it is more convenient to shift carrying.
Claims (8)
1, a kind of Odontobutis obscura artificial fecundation method comprises the parent population seed selection, spawning and fertilization, and hatching and each step of fry rearing:
(1), parent population seed selection
A. the parent population reinforced cultivating in 4-5 month, is chosen fingerling and is carried out the labor management breed of special pond, to the fresh and alive concentrated feed enriched nutritive that 2-3 month begins to throw something and feed in next year, often annotates simultaneously and changes fresh water, promotes the fingerling gonadal maturation;
B. selection of parent population and combo, between 20-April 20 March in every year, select a time by dissecting the method for mensuration and perusal and touch, select that gonadal maturation, body surface are normal, no scale comes off two age fish do the parent, the parent population of select is put into indoor cement pit after strict sterilization in 1: 1 ratio of male and female, place at the bottom of the pond that some are bundled into the arch tile
Shape fish nest was both perched as parent population, laid eggs as parent population again and adhered to usefulness;
(2), induce synchronous spawning and fertilization
Parent population is supported temporarily through the sterilization of week age in above-mentioned cement pit, enters the artificial induction and lays eggs the stage, adopts throw something and feed fresh and alive feed, enriched nutritive, and temperature adjusting, stimulation by running water promote parent population to concentrate synchronous spawning and natural insemination, the ovum that dam's steck goes out attached to
The tile inwall of shape fish nest, male parent population are promptly inseminated to it and are formed fertilized egg;
(3), artificial incubation
The tile that a. will be attached with fertilized egg carries out disinfection with bleaching powder or hydrogen peroxide soup, and puts back in the cement pit again after rejecting dead ovum;
When treating that b. the development of fertilized ova color is brown, tile is moved in the artificial incubation groove one by one, tile with
Form is placed, and the water temperature of control incubation tank is 25-26 ℃, and pH value is 7.3-7.8, dissolved oxygen amount 〉=5mg/l, the discharge by incubation tank is 150l/h, water velocity 10-12m/min, the illuminance 40-600lx of incubation tank, fertilized egg begins rupture of membranes and emerges after 480 hours approximately;
(4), fry rearing
After the yolk sac for the treatment of the Odontobutis obscura young disappears substantially, the Odontobutis obscura young in the incubation tank is collected in the fry rearing cement pit, control water level 60cm, water temperature is 23-24 ℃, water-soluble oxygen amount 〉=5mg/l is by 1000 tails/m
3The cloth seedling, preceding ten days wheel animalcules of throwing something and feeding, macroplanktons such as more than the ten day cladocera of throwing something and feeding in back, copepoda make bait, and through more than 20 days, fry can grow up to the commodity fry of 2-3cm.
2, by the described Odontobutis obscura artificial fecundation method of claim 1, it is characterized in that inducing the preferable condition of parent population synchronous spawning and fertilization to be: water body dissolved oxygen amount 〉=5mg/l, PH is 7.3-7.8, water temperature is 24 ℃, when water temperature is lower than 24 ℃, heats up with 1 ℃/day heating gradient, until making water temperature stability at 24 ℃, and with the stimulation by running water parent population of 30m/min, after parent population began to lay eggs, control flowing water flow velocity was 15-20m/min.
3, by the described Odontobutis obscura artificial fecundation method of claim 1, it is characterized in that the Eusol concentration that the tile that is attached with fertilized egg is carried out disinfection is 1ppm, tile soaking disinfection time in this solution is 10 minutes.
4, by the described Odontobutis obscura artificial fecundation method of claim 1, it is characterized in that the concentration of hydrogen peroxide that the tile that is attached with fertilized egg is carried out disinfection is 400ppm, the soaking disinfection time is 30 minutes.
5, a kind of hatching apparatus of Odontobutis obscura artificial fecundation method as claimed in claim 1, has cuboid cell body (1), a vertical end that it is characterized in that cell body (1) is equipped with water inlet pipe (11), cell body (1) vertically offers floss hole (4) on the other end bottom surface, floss hole (4) is connected with the tube connector (5) of band valve (6) downwards, trench bottom also is provided with the overflow pipe (7) of vertical through slot base plate, overflow pipe (7) upper end is connected with telescoping tube (8), oxygenation water circulating pump (10) is installed on the cell body inwall, be connected with on the water inlet pipe of oxygenation water circulating pump (10) and stretch out the outer air intake duct (14) of incubation tank, cell body (1) upper edge hole is equipped with movable shadow shield (2), evenly places fertilized egg on the groove bottom and adheres to tile (9).
6,, it is characterized in that on the pipeline section behind the cell body water inlet pipe control valve (13) flowmeter (12) being installed by the described hatching apparatus of claim 5.
7,, it is characterized in that offering long recess respectively under bottom land (1) two vertical side plate medial surface upper edge hole and the slideway (3) that constitutes shadow shield (2) by the described hatching apparatus of claim 5.
8,, it is characterized in that shadow shield (2) adopts coloured glass by claim 5 or 7 described hatching apparatus.
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