CN112167118A - Artificial propagation method of zier whitefish - Google Patents
Artificial propagation method of zier whitefish Download PDFInfo
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- CN112167118A CN112167118A CN202011082506.3A CN202011082506A CN112167118A CN 112167118 A CN112167118 A CN 112167118A CN 202011082506 A CN202011082506 A CN 202011082506A CN 112167118 A CN112167118 A CN 112167118A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
- A01K61/17—Hatching, e.g. incubators
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/003—Aquaria; Terraria
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
- A01K63/042—Introducing gases into the water, e.g. aerators, air pumps
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention discloses an artificial propagation method of zier whiter, which comprises the steps of parent fish cultivation, parent fish inspection, artificial egg collecting and insemination, fertilized egg quality identification, artificial incubation and fry pond cultivation, and the zier whiter fries are successfully bred. The method succeeds in artificial breeding technology of the zilr whitefish for the first time, obtains the zilr whitefish fries and adopts a pond breeding method for breeding; the method has the advantages of improving the breeding effect of the seeds of the parr, reducing the breeding cost of the seeds, having practical significance for solving the problem of the supply of the seeds of the parr, effectively solving the problems of few breeding varieties, dependence on imported seeds and long breeding period of the current parr in the Xinjiang area, enabling the parr to exert greater economic and social benefits and having important significance for the development of the Xinjiang cold water fish industry.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fish reproduction, and particularly relates to an artificial reproduction method of a zier coregonus.
Background
The zilr whitefish Coregonus nasus (Pallas,1776) is mainly distributed in rivers and lakes in the near north ice ocean water system of 55 ° north latitude, and is one of large cold water fishes and russian important water-cultured fishes, called "polar carp". In natural waters, zilr whitefish blossoms feed on zooplankton, after which they progressively switch to feeding chironomidae larvae, mollusks, oligotrichines and other insect larvae and benthic crustaceans, to adult omnivory. The fish is suitable for growing in water with temperature below 11 deg.C, and has the advantages of rapid growth, large size, fine meat quality, and abundant unsaturated fatty acid.
Xinjiang is the area which is introduced in a standard mode at the earliest and releases the salmon fry on a large water surface in China. Originally, indigenous fishes are not existed in the sailimu lake, and white salmon roes are introduced from russia in 1998 and all hatched in the sailimu lake in order to develop fishery production by utilizing cold water resources of the sailimu lake.
At present, the species of the cold water fish in Xinjiang area is relatively single: the running water culture mainly comprises rainbow trout and golden trout, and the breeds bred in the large water surface comprise coregonus peled, zier peled and the like. The cold water fish culture in the area has the following problems:
(1) the symptoms of deterioration of the germplasm, precocity and individual miniaturization are serious because the variety breeding is not emphasized after long-term use;
(2) so far, no mature artificial propagation technical specification of the zier coregonus peled exists, so that the zier coregonus peled fries are completely dependent on import;
(3) at present, a quality identification method for the fertilized eggs of the zier whitefish is lacked, and high-quality fertilized eggs and poor-quality fertilized eggs cannot be effectively distinguished;
(4) the initial feed of the whitefish is all expensive artemia nauplii, and the culture cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems, provides a series of artificial propagation methods of parent fish cultivation, artificial egg collection, insemination, debonding, hatching and the like for the zier coregonus peled, can successfully hatch the zier coregonus peled fry, and effectively solves the fry supply problem of the zier coregonus peled.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
an artificial propagation method of zier coregonus comprises the following specific steps:
(1) parent fish rearing
After hatching eggs of the zier whitefish, cultivating the zier whitefish to be 2-3 cm in full length, feeding the zir whitefish into an outdoor cement flowing water pool for flowing water cultivation, wherein the feed is feed for the salmon and the trout, the feed is cultivated in the flowing water pool for 5-6 years, 5+ age of female fish and 4+ age of male fish can reach maturity, and the zier whitefish is used as an artificial breeding parent;
the water depth of the parent fish pond is 70-90 cm, the water inlet flow of the parent fish pond is kept stable, the dissolved oxygen at a water outlet is kept above 6mg/L, the temperature of the parent fish culture water is controlled to be 17-19 ℃, the temperature of the water is controlled to be below 12 ℃ in 3 months before birth, the temperature of the water in the spawning period is controlled to be 4-12 ℃, and the pond water is exchanged for 2 times per hour;
the primary-production fish is cultured in a parent fish pond 6 months before production, the primary-production fish is cultured in the parent fish pond after spawning of the primary-production fish, 6-8 kg of the primary-production fish is released per square meter, the female parent fish and the male parent fish can be cultured in a mixed mode, the number ratio of the female parent fish to the male parent fish is 1:2, and the female parent fish and the male parent fish are separately cultured in ponds 1 month before production;
feeding parent fish feed in 6 months before egg collection, wherein the parent fish feed is adult fish feed for salmon and trout, and the daily feeding rate is as follows: the weight of the fish is 0.5% in 1 month before the spawning period and 1 month after spawning, the spawning period is 0.3%, the other time is 0.7-1.0%, and the fish is fed for three times in the morning, at noon and at night every day;
1 month before delivery, intensified cultivation: increasing water flow stimulation to promote gonad maturation of parent fish, wherein the water flow is 0.3m at ordinary times3The per hour is increased to 0.4m3H; enhancing nutrition, and selecting salmon and trout feed with high protein content;
keeping the surrounding of the parent fish pond quiet, making a round of the pond three times every morning, noon and evening, paying attention to observing the ingestion condition of the parent fish, and finding out the problem to be solved in time; when the dissolved oxygen in the water outlet is lower than 6mg/L, the water injection amount is increased in time or other oxygen increasing measures are taken to remove residual baits, excrement, diseases and dead fishes in the pond in time and keep the fish pond clean;
(2) examination of parent fish
Selecting healthy, active, disease-free, injury-free and deformity-free zier whitefish as parent fish;
the abdomen of the sexually mature female fish is enlarged and soft, the genital pore is red, swollen and protruded, when the caudal peduncle is lifted, the ovaries on both sides are drooped, the outline is obvious, and the ovaries flow out when the abdomen is lightly pressed; the abdomen of the sexually mature male fish is hard, and milky semen flows out when the abdomen is lightly pressed;
(3) artificial ovum-collecting insemination
In a breeding period, carrying out primary maturity identification every 5-7 days according to the identification method in the step (2), and timely collecting eggs of mature female fishes;
the artificial egg taking and insemination of the zier whitefish is carried out in a light-proof environment, every 3-5 female fishes are taken as a group, water on the surfaces of the female fishes is wiped off by a towel, the heads of the fish bodies are upward, the tail parts of the fish bodies are obliquely downward and face a basin to squeeze eggs, egg granules are required to flow in along the basin, the fish eggs are prevented from being damaged due to overhigh position from the basin, when the eggs are squeezed, one hand grabs a tail handle and holds the fish bodies by an arm, the other hand slightly presses the belly of the fish from front to back, a plurality of fish eggs which are taken out first are discarded, and if the egg granules with blood streaks appear, the egg taking is stopped immediately;
according to the female: the male fish sperm corresponding to the female fish with eggs is quickly squeezed into the collected fish eggs, and the male fish sperm and the eggs are evenly mixed by gently stirring the male fish sperm and the eggs with feathers; adding water with the same volume as sperm and egg into the basin, stirring gently, mixing, and standing for 3 min; washing off semen and sundries in an egg basin by using clear water, rinsing until the water in the egg basin is clear and free of impurities, adding water into the egg basin, covering and standing for 60min to ensure that the eggs fully absorb water and swell, stirring fertilized eggs once every 20min to prevent the fertilized eggs from adhering to each other, pouring out the water in the basin, adding clear water with the same volume as the fertilized eggs into the basin, and repeatedly rinsing for 60min until the eggs lose viscosity;
(4) fertilized egg quality identification
The high-quality fertilized eggs are light yellow or white, the eggs are full, round and transparent, cell division can be observed, and the eggs are viscous when extruded; the inferior fertilized eggs are white, the egg granules are not round, have edges and corners, are not transparent, can not observe cell division, are in a dilute water shape when extruded, and are separately incubated with the high-quality fertilized eggs and the inferior fertilized eggs during incubation;
(5) artificial hatching
Hatching fertilized eggs by adopting a Vickers incubator, wherein 50 ten thousand fertilized eggs are packed in each bottle, the incubator is placed in an incubation chamber with shading and shockproof conditions for running water incubation, the incubation water is clarified, the dissolved oxygen is more than 6.5mg/L, and the incubation water temperature is 3-5 ℃;
the water inflow of the incubator is continuously increased according to different stages of the development of the fish eggs, and the conditions that the fish eggs all roll up and down but do not overflow the incubator and do not lack oxygen are taken as the criteria; sucking out dead eggs on the upper layer of the incubator by a siphon method every day; stirring the roe in the bottle with feather for 3-4 times every day to prevent the roe from sticking to the wall of the bottle to form dead corners; sterilizing fertilized eggs in the incubator with 1/2000 formalin solution every 4 days for 15min before eye exposure; observing the water amount injected into the incubator every day, and dredging the incubator in time if the pipeline is clogged and the water amount is reduced;
after the oosperm are exposed, the oosperm are moved into a flowing water incubation groove to be incubated continuously, and dead eggs in the incubation groove are picked out in time; observing once in the morning and at night every day, slightly shaking the incubation groove to ensure that the incubated fry extruded on the lower layer can be turned over, adjusting the water injection amount, brushing the incubation groove, keeping the water flow of the incubation groove smooth, and strictly preventing oxygen deficiency suffocation; after a large amount of seedlings emerge, removing oil films, egg skins and dead eggs by using a small filter screen;
(6) fry pond culture
After the fry passes through a yolk sac absorption period of more than 10 days in a running water hatching tank, feeding initial bait artemia nauplii when about half of the water flowers swim horizontally, feeding a small amount of the initial artemia nauplii, wherein about 50 artemia nauplii are fed every day for 1 time; feeding a large amount of artemia nauplii at the later stage according to the ingestion condition of the fry, wherein each tail of the artemia nauplii is fed by 3 times every day, and the feeding is carried out on the artemia nauplii;
when the total length of the fry reaches 1.5cm, putting the fry into a pond, and feeding the fry by using plankton in the pond; controlling the temperature of the pond at 15 ℃, monitoring the water temperature at regular time every day, making relevant records, and reducing the temperature of a water body by changing water when the water temperature is too high; regularly monitoring the pH value, dissolved oxygen and ammonia nitrogen, and taking measures in time when abnormality is found; regularly observing the water quality and the fry activity every day, regularly checking the ingestion, growth and disease conditions of the fry, and timely treating the problems; and (4) releasing the fry when the full length of the fry is 3-5 cm, wherein the releasing is continued from the last ten days of 6 months to 8 months.
Preferably, in the step (1), the inflow rate of the outdoor cement flow pool is 0.3-0.4 m3/h；
The size of the parent fish pond is 3.5m × 16 m.
Preferably, in step (3), when eggs are artificially collected, 5 tails of less than 2kg female fish individuals form a group, and 3 tails of more than 2kg female fish individuals form a group.
Preferably, in step (5), the size of the incubation groove is 0.4m × 0.4m × 0.4 m.
The method is based on a new species of cold water fish, namely the zier whitefish, which is suitable for being cultured in Xinjiang area, researches key technologies of parent fish culture, artificial propagation and fry pond culture, and masters the gonad development characteristics, propagation time and propagation mode of the zier whitefish through continuous tracking and observation. The invention comprises a series of techniques such as parent fish cultivation, artificial egg collection, insemination, debonding, hatching and the like, is a set of complete artificial propagation technical specification, has scientificity and operability, has practical significance for solving the problem of seed supply of the zier whitefish, and can effectively solve the problems of few breeding varieties, seed dependence import and long breeding period of the current whitefish in Xinjiang area, so that the whitefish can exert greater economic and social benefits, and has important significance for the development of the cold water fish industry in Xinjiang; the identification method of the zier whitefish fertilized eggs is obtained through observation, analysis and comparison, the method is favorable for timely distinguishing high-quality fertilized eggs from low-quality fertilized eggs, the economic loss caused by the influence of the low-quality fertilized eggs on the incubation of the high-quality fertilized eggs is prevented, meanwhile, the low-quality fertilized eggs are abandoned in time, and the attention is concentrated on the incubation of the high-quality fertilized eggs, so that the incubation rate of the fertilized eggs is improved, the workload of workers is reduced, and the incubation cost is reduced; the pelagic animals cultured in the pond instead of expensive artemia nauplii are adopted in the later stage of the initial feed of the zier whitefish fries, so that the fry culturing cost is reduced, the artemia hatching work is omitted, and the working strength of workers is reduced.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides an artificial propagation method of the zilr salmon, which succeeds in the artificial propagation technology of the zilr salmon for the first time, obtains the seeds of the zilr salmon and adopts a pond culture method for culture; the method has the advantages of improving the breeding effect of the seeds of the parr, reducing the breeding cost of the seeds, having practical significance for solving the problem of the supply of the seeds of the parr, effectively solving the problems of few breeding varieties, dependence on imported seeds and long breeding period of the current parr in the Xinjiang area, enabling the parr to exert greater economic and social benefits and having important significance for the development of the Xinjiang cold water fish industry.
Detailed Description
The following description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is provided for the purpose of illustration and description, and is in no way intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
Obtaining about 140 ten thousand Zil whitefish fertilized eggs in a West ditch cold water fish farm in Dabanchen district of Wuluqizi city in 2019 and 12 months, successfully hatching the Zil whitefish fries, and adopting a pond raising method to cultivate the fries. The specific method comprises the following steps:
(1) parent fish rearing
After the eggs of the zier whitefish are hatched, cultivating the eggs to the full length of 2-3 cm, feeding the eggs in an outdoor cement flowing water pond for flowing water cultivation, wherein the feed is feed for the salmon and the trout, the eggs are cultivated in the flowing water pond for 5-6 years, and the water inlet flow of the flowing water pond is controlled to be 0.3-0.4 m3The zier coregonus peled can mature in an accessible way at 5+ age of female fish and 4+ age of male fish, and is used as an artificial propagation parent;
3.5m is multiplied by 16m in the parent fish pond, the water depth is controlled to be 70-90 cm, the water inlet flow of the parent fish pond is kept stable, the dissolved oxygen at a water outlet is kept to be more than 6mg/L, the temperature of parent fish culture water is controlled to be 17-19 ℃, the temperature of the water in 3 months before birth is controlled to be below 12 ℃, the temperature of the water in the spawning period is controlled to be 4-12 ℃, and the pond water is exchanged for 2 times per hour;
the primary-production fish is cultured in a parent fish pond 6 months before production, the primary-production fish is cultured in the parent fish pond after spawning of the primary-production fish, 6-8 kg of the primary-production fish is released per square meter, the female parent fish and the male parent fish can be cultured in a mixed mode, the number ratio of the female parent fish to the male parent fish is 1:2, and the female parent fish and the male parent fish are separately cultured in ponds 1 month before production;
feeding parent fish feed in 6 months before egg collection, wherein the parent fish feed is adult fish feed for salmon and trout, and the daily feeding rate is as follows: the weight of the fish is 0.5% in 1 month before the spawning period and 1 month after spawning, the spawning period is 0.3%, the other time is 0.7-1.0%, and the fish is fed for three times in the morning, at noon and at night every day;
1 month before delivery, intensified cultivation: increasing water flow stimulation to promote gonad maturation of parent fish, wherein the water flow is 0.3m at ordinary times3The per hour is increased to 0.4m3H; enhancing nutrition, and selecting salmon and trout feed with high protein content;
keeping the surrounding of the parent fish pond quiet, making a round of the pond three times every morning, noon and evening, paying attention to observing the ingestion condition of the parent fish, and finding out the problem to be solved in time; when the dissolved oxygen in the water outlet is lower than 6mg/L, the water injection amount is increased in time or other oxygen increasing measures are taken to remove residual baits, excrement, diseases and dead fishes in the pond in time and keep the fish pond clean;
(2) examination of parent fish
Selecting healthy, active, disease-free, injury-free and deformity-free zier whitefish as parent fish;
the abdomen of the sexually mature female fish is enlarged and soft, the genital pore is red, swollen and protruded, when the caudal peduncle is lifted, the ovaries on both sides are drooped, the outline is obvious, and the ovaries flow out when the abdomen is lightly pressed; the abdomen of the sexually mature male fish is hard, and milky semen flows out when the abdomen is lightly pressed;
(3) artificial ovum-collecting insemination
In a breeding period, carrying out primary maturity identification every 5-7 days according to the identification method in the step (2), and timely collecting eggs of mature female fishes;
the artificial egg taking and insemination of the zier whitefish is carried out in a dark environment, 5 tails of female fish individuals below 2kg are taken as a group, 3 tails of female fish individuals above 2kg are taken as a group, water on the surface of the female fish body is wiped off by a towel, the head of the fish body is upward, the tail part of the fish body is obliquely downward and extrudes eggs towards a basin, egg granules are required to flow along the basin, the damage caused by the fact that the eggs are too high away from the basin is avoided, when the eggs are extruded, one hand grabs a tail handle to support the fish body by an arm, the other hand slightly presses the belly of the fish from front to back, a plurality of the collected eggs are abandoned, and if the eggs with blood threads appear, the egg taking is stopped immediately;
according to the female: the male fish sperm corresponding to the female fish with eggs is quickly squeezed into the collected fish eggs, and the male fish sperm and the eggs are evenly mixed by gently stirring the male fish sperm and the eggs with feathers; adding water with the same volume as sperm and egg into the basin, stirring gently, mixing, and standing for 3 min; washing off semen and sundries in an egg basin by using clear water, rinsing until the water in the egg basin is clear and free of impurities, adding water into the egg basin, covering and standing for 60min to ensure that the eggs fully absorb water and swell, stirring fertilized eggs once every 20min to prevent the fertilized eggs from adhering to each other, pouring out the water in the basin, adding clear water with the same volume as the fertilized eggs into the basin, and repeatedly rinsing for 60min until the eggs lose viscosity;
(4) fertilized egg quality identification
The high-quality fertilized eggs are light yellow or white, the eggs are full, round and transparent, cell division can be observed, and the eggs are viscous when extruded; the inferior fertilized eggs are white, the egg granules are not round, have edges and corners, are not transparent, can not observe cell division, are in a dilute water shape when extruded, and are separately incubated with the high-quality fertilized eggs and the inferior fertilized eggs during incubation;
(5) artificial hatching
Hatching fertilized eggs by adopting a Vickers incubator, wherein 50 ten thousand fertilized eggs are packed in each bottle, the incubator is placed in an incubation chamber with shading and shockproof conditions for running water incubation, the incubation water is clarified, the dissolved oxygen is more than 6.5mg/L, and the incubation water temperature is 3-5 ℃;
the water inflow of the incubator is continuously increased according to different stages of the development of the fish eggs, and the conditions that the fish eggs all roll up and down but do not overflow the incubator and do not lack oxygen are taken as the criteria; sucking out dead eggs on the upper layer of the incubator by a siphon method every day; stirring the roe in the bottle with feather for 3-4 times every day to prevent the roe from sticking to the wall of the bottle to form dead corners; sterilizing fertilized eggs in the incubator with 1/2000 formalin solution every 4 days for 15min before eye exposure; observing the water amount injected into the incubator every day, and dredging the incubator in time if the pipeline is clogged and the water amount is reduced;
after the fertilized eggs are exposed, the fertilized eggs are moved into a flowing water hatching tank for continuous hatching, the size of the hatching tank is 0.4m multiplied by 0.4m, and dead eggs in the hatching tank are picked out in time; observing once in the morning and at night every day, slightly shaking the incubation groove to ensure that the incubated fry extruded on the lower layer can be turned over, adjusting the water injection amount, brushing the incubation groove, keeping the water flow of the incubation groove smooth, and strictly preventing oxygen deficiency suffocation; after a large amount of seedlings emerge, removing oil films, egg skins and dead eggs by using a small filter screen;
(6) fry pond culture
After the fry passes through a yolk sac absorption period of more than 10 days in a running water hatching tank, feeding initial bait artemia nauplii when about half of the water flowers swim horizontally, feeding a small amount of the initial artemia nauplii, wherein about 50 artemia nauplii are fed every day for 1 time; feeding a large amount of artemia nauplii at the later stage according to the ingestion condition of the fry, wherein each tail of the artemia nauplii is fed by 3 times every day, and the feeding is carried out on the artemia nauplii;
when the total length of the fry reaches 1.5cm, putting the fry into a pond, and feeding the fry by using plankton in the pond; controlling the temperature of the pond at 15 ℃, monitoring the water temperature at regular time every day, making relevant records, and reducing the temperature of a water body by changing water when the water temperature is too high; regularly monitoring the pH value, dissolved oxygen and ammonia nitrogen, and taking measures in time when abnormality is found; regularly observing the water quality and the fry activity every day, regularly checking the ingestion, growth and disease conditions of the fry, and timely treating the problems; and (4) releasing the fry when the full length of the fry is 3-5 cm, wherein the releasing is continued from the last ten days of 6 months to 8 months.
The fertilization rate of the fish eggs is more than 85%, the emergence rate is 30%, and the survival rate of the fish fries is 60%.
The number of the male fishes is larger than that of the female fishes during artificial propagation, so that the eggs can be fully fertilized, the fertilization rate of the fish eggs is improved, and the parent fishes are female: the fertilization rate can be increased to 85% or more by the number ratio of 1: 2.
The inferior fertilized eggs are dead frequently, and the water mold often occurs, so that the normal fertilized eggs around the inferior fertilized eggs are infected with the water mold to die. The inferior fertilized eggs are separated and then incubated, so that the inferior fertilized eggs can be prevented from influencing the incubation of the high-quality fertilized eggs, the fertility rate and the incubation rate can be improved, and the fertilization rate can reach 30%. Therefore, the high-quality and poor-quality oosperms are separately hatched, and the hatchability can be prevented from being reduced due to the influence of the high-quality oosperms.
The nutrition of the plankton is comprehensive and balanced, the fry is fed into the pond when the total length reaches 1.5cm, the fry takes the plankton as food, the cost of artificial bait feeding is reduced, and the fry survival rate can reach 60%. The fry grows fast and has good physique, and the total length of the fry can reach 3cm in less than one month after being cultivated by plankton in a pond.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. An artificial propagation method of zier coregonus is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
(1) parent fish rearing
After hatching eggs of the zier whitefish, cultivating the zier whitefish to be 2-3 cm in full length, feeding the zir whitefish into an outdoor cement flowing water pool for flowing water cultivation, wherein the feed is feed for the salmon and the trout, the feed is cultivated in the flowing water pool for 5-6 years, 5+ age of female fish and 4+ age of male fish can reach maturity, and the zier whitefish is used as an artificial breeding parent;
the water depth of the parent fish pond is 70-90 cm, the water inlet flow of the parent fish pond is kept stable, the dissolved oxygen at a water outlet is kept above 6mg/L, the temperature of the parent fish culture water is controlled to be 17-19 ℃, the temperature of the water is controlled to be below 12 ℃ in 3 months before birth, the temperature of the water in the spawning period is controlled to be 4-12 ℃, and the pond water is exchanged for 2 times per hour;
the primary-production fish is cultured in a parent fish pond 6 months before production, the primary-production fish is cultured in the parent fish pond after spawning of the primary-production fish, 6-8 kg of the primary-production fish is released per square meter, the female parent fish and the male parent fish can be cultured in a mixed mode, the number ratio of the female parent fish to the male parent fish is 1:2, and the female parent fish and the male parent fish are separately cultured in ponds 1 month before production;
feeding parent fish feed in 6 months before egg collection, wherein the parent fish feed is adult fish feed for salmon and trout, and the daily feeding rate is as follows: the weight of the fish is 0.5% in 1 month before the spawning period and 1 month after spawning, the spawning period is 0.3%, the other time is 0.7-1.0%, and the fish is fed for three times in the morning, at noon and at night every day;
1 month before delivery, intensified cultivation: increasing water flow stimulation to promote gonad maturation of parent fish, wherein the water flow is 0.3m at ordinary times3The per hour is increased to 0.4m3H; enhancing nutrition, and selecting salmon and trout feed with high protein content;
keeping the surrounding of the parent fish pond quiet, making a round of the pond three times every morning, noon and evening, paying attention to observing the ingestion condition of the parent fish, and finding out the problem to be solved in time; when the dissolved oxygen in the water outlet is lower than 6mg/L, the water injection amount is increased in time or other oxygen increasing measures are taken to remove residual baits, excrement, diseases and dead fishes in the pond in time and keep the fish pond clean;
(2) examination of parent fish
Selecting healthy, active, disease-free, injury-free and deformity-free zier whitefish as parent fish;
the abdomen of the sexually mature female fish is enlarged and soft, the genital pore is red, swollen and protruded, when the caudal peduncle is lifted, the ovaries on both sides are drooped, the outline is obvious, and the ovaries flow out when the abdomen is lightly pressed; the abdomen of the sexually mature male fish is hard, and milky semen flows out when the abdomen is lightly pressed;
(3) artificial ovum-collecting insemination
In a breeding period, carrying out primary maturity identification every 5-7 days according to the identification method in the step (2), and timely collecting eggs of mature female fishes;
the artificial egg taking and insemination of the zier whitefish is carried out in a light-proof environment, every 3-5 female fishes are taken as a group, water on the surfaces of the female fishes is wiped off by a towel, the heads of the fish bodies are upward, the tail parts of the fish bodies are obliquely downward and face a basin to squeeze eggs, egg granules are required to flow in along the basin, the fish eggs are prevented from being damaged due to overhigh position from the basin, when the eggs are squeezed, one hand grabs a tail handle and holds the fish bodies by an arm, the other hand slightly presses the belly of the fish from front to back, a plurality of fish eggs which are taken out first are discarded, and if the egg granules with blood streaks appear, the egg taking is stopped immediately;
according to the female: the male fish sperm corresponding to the female fish with eggs is quickly squeezed into the collected fish eggs, and the male fish sperm and the eggs are evenly mixed by gently stirring the male fish sperm and the eggs with feathers; adding water with the same volume as sperm and egg into the basin, stirring gently, mixing, and standing for 3 min; washing off semen and sundries in an egg basin by using clear water, rinsing until the water in the egg basin is clear and free of impurities, adding water into the egg basin, covering and standing for 60min to ensure that the eggs fully absorb water and swell, stirring fertilized eggs once every 20min to prevent the fertilized eggs from adhering to each other, pouring out the water in the basin, adding clear water with the same volume as the fertilized eggs into the basin, and repeatedly rinsing for 60min until the eggs lose viscosity;
(4) fertilized egg quality identification
The high-quality fertilized eggs are light yellow or white, the eggs are full, round and transparent, cell division can be observed, and the eggs are viscous when extruded; the inferior fertilized eggs are white, the egg granules are not round, have edges and corners, are not transparent, can not observe cell division, are in a dilute water shape when extruded, and are separately incubated with the high-quality fertilized eggs and the inferior fertilized eggs during incubation;
(5) artificial hatching
Hatching fertilized eggs by adopting a Vickers incubator, wherein 50 ten thousand fertilized eggs are packed in each bottle, the incubator is placed in an incubation chamber with shading and shockproof conditions for running water incubation, the incubation water is clarified, the dissolved oxygen is more than 6.5mg/L, and the incubation water temperature is 3-5 ℃;
the water inflow of the incubator is continuously increased according to different stages of the development of the fish eggs, and the conditions that the fish eggs all roll up and down but do not overflow the incubator and do not lack oxygen are taken as the criteria; sucking out dead eggs on the upper layer of the incubator by a siphon method every day; stirring the roe in the bottle with feather for 3-4 times every day to prevent the roe from sticking to the wall of the bottle to form dead corners; sterilizing fertilized eggs in the incubator with 1/2000 formalin solution every 4 days for 15min before eye exposure; observing the water amount injected into the incubator every day, and dredging the incubator in time if the pipeline is clogged and the water amount is reduced;
after the oosperm are exposed, the oosperm are moved into a flowing water incubation groove to be incubated continuously, and dead eggs in the incubation groove are picked out in time; observing once in the morning and at night every day, slightly shaking the incubation groove to ensure that the incubated fry extruded on the lower layer can be turned over, adjusting the water injection amount, brushing the incubation groove, keeping the water flow of the incubation groove smooth, and strictly preventing oxygen deficiency suffocation; after a large amount of seedlings emerge, removing oil films, egg skins and dead eggs by using a small filter screen;
(6) fry pond culture
After the fry passes through a yolk sac absorption period of more than 10 days in a running water hatching tank, feeding initial bait artemia nauplii when about half of the water flowers swim horizontally, feeding a small amount of the initial artemia nauplii, wherein about 50 artemia nauplii are fed every day for 1 time; feeding a large amount of artemia nauplii at the later stage according to the ingestion condition of the fry, wherein each tail of the artemia nauplii is fed by 3 times every day, and the feeding is carried out on the artemia nauplii;
when the total length of the fry reaches 1.5cm, putting the fry into a pond, and feeding the fry by using plankton in the pond; controlling the temperature of the pond at 15 ℃, monitoring the water temperature at regular time every day, making relevant records, and reducing the temperature of a water body by changing water when the water temperature is too high; regularly monitoring the pH value, dissolved oxygen and ammonia nitrogen, and taking measures in time when abnormality is found; regularly observing the water quality and the fry activity every day, regularly checking the ingestion, growth and disease conditions of the fry, and timely treating the problems; and (4) releasing the fry when the full length of the fry is 3-5 cm, wherein the releasing is continued from the last ten days of 6 months to 8 months.
2. The artificial propagation method of zier coregonus as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (1), the inflow rate of the outdoor cement pond is 0.3-0.4 m3/h；
The size of the parent fish pond is 3.5m × 16 m.
3. The method for artificially breeding zier whitefish according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), less than 2kg of female fish are grouped into 5 tails and more than 2kg of female fish are grouped into 3 tails during artificial egg collection.
4. The artificial propagation method of zier whitefish according to claim 1, wherein in step (5), the size of the hatching tank is 0.4m x 0.4 m.
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