CN113854207A - Artificial propagation method of Gymnocypris przewalskii - Google Patents
Artificial propagation method of Gymnocypris przewalskii Download PDFInfo
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- CN113854207A CN113854207A CN202111361670.2A CN202111361670A CN113854207A CN 113854207 A CN113854207 A CN 113854207A CN 202111361670 A CN202111361670 A CN 202111361670A CN 113854207 A CN113854207 A CN 113854207A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
- A01K61/17—Hatching, e.g. incubators
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of artificial propagation, in particular to an artificial propagation method of Gymnocypris przewalskii, which determines the most suitable propagation time from 3 to 6 middle-of-month in each year according to the biological characteristics of the Gymnocypris przewalskii, the temperature range for hastening parturition of the parent fish of the Gymnocypris przewalskii is 8-12 ℃, the optimal water temperature range for artificial propagation is 10-16 ℃, and the optimal combination of hastening parturition medicines (the lutein release hormone A for injection) is screened and obtained4 (LRH‑A4) The Eurotion maleate (DOM) and the chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) for injection greatly improve the yield of the artificial propagation of the Gymnocypris przewalskii, and 20 ten thousand Kemnocypris przewalskii fries are successfully bred by adopting the method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of artificial propagation, in particular to an artificial propagation method of Gymnocypris przewalskii.
Background
In recent years, with economic development, artificial activities in a river basin of a black river are remarkably increased, a large amount of exogenous pollutants enter the river basin, and the influence of comprehensive factors such as hydroelectric engineering, mountain opening and road repairing and the like is added, so that the ecological environment of fishes in the black river is gradually improved, wild fish resources in the river basin are seriously damaged, particularly, the quantity of Gymnocypris population is reduced, the specification miniaturization trend is remarkable, and the protection of the germ plasm resources of the fishes is in need.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides an artificial propagation method of Gymnocypris przewalskii.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
an artificial propagation method of Gymnocypris przewalskii comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting parent fish
S1.1 selection of female parent Fish
Selectively mature (the back part of the body surface of a mature female fish is not smooth and has a small amount of chasing stars, the egg size is neat and full), the abdomen is expanded, the female parent fish has an obvious ovary outline, the lower abdomen is soft and elastic, and the fin at the tail end of the hip fin of the female fish has no saw-toothed shape, and the edge is smooth, slightly long and apical;
s1.2 selection of Male parent Fish
The male fish hip fin is short and wide and is slightly circular, and the edge of the fin is provided with an unobvious notch and barb; during the breeding season, a great amount of chasers appear at the hip fins, the tail fins and the tail handle, the hand feeling is rough, the belly is slightly pressed, milky semen flows out of the cloaca, and the cloaca can be scattered when meeting water;
wherein, the proportion of the male and female parent fish for breeding is 2: about 1.
S2, artificial induced spawning
S2.1 preparation before induction of labour
A glass fiber reinforced plastic round cylinder or a square cement pond is adopted as an induced spawning pond; the glass fiber reinforced plastic round cylinder has the specification that the diameter is 2.5 m, the water depth is about 0.8 m, the glass fiber reinforced plastic round cylinder is provided with an independent water inlet and outlet pipeline, and supporting equipment such as an oxygen increasing, temperature increasing and water circulating system and the like are installed according to the requirement; the square cement pond has the specification of 4.5 m multiplied by 2m multiplied by 0.5 m, the water depth is about 0.3 m, the square cement pond is provided with an independent water inlet and outlet pipeline, the pipe orifice of the water inlet pipeline and the tangent line of the wall of the cement pond form an included angle of 45 degrees, and the gonad of the parent fish is stimulated to mature by water flow;
s2.2 injection oxytocic
Injection of female parent fish: the oxytocic dose per kg body weight of parent fish (female fish) was distributed as follows: the two-time injection method is adopted, and the first injection dose is as follows: 4ug LRH-A4 + 2 mgDOM; the second injection dose is: 12ug LRH-A4 + 4mgDOM + 400IU HCG, after the parent fish is put into an induction basin, carrying out first induction injection every other day, carrying out injection at the base of pectoral fin with the injection depth of 0.5 cm, paying attention to the fact that the needle head and the tangent line of the fish body are injected in the direction of 45 degrees, the injection speed is not too fast, carrying out second injection after the interval of 48 h after the first injection, and selecting the morning for the injection time;
injection of male fish: the oxytocic dose per kg body weight of parent fish was divided as follows: the dosage of the medicine is taken by adopting a one-time injection method: the injection dose is as follows: 12ug LRH-A4 + 4 mgDOM; selecting to be performed simultaneously when the female fish is injected for the second time;
s3, artificial insemination
After the parent fish is injected with the oxytocic, the water temperature in the oxytocic pool is kept to 12-14 ℃, and the micropore aeration oxygenation system is opened for oxygenation at intervals of 72 hours, egg collection and insemination are carried out according to the water temperature and the effect time of the parent fish after the oxytocic, the egg collection of each parent fish is generally less than two times, the tools for containing the fish eggs are dry and clean, and the two sides of the abdomen are slightly squeezed from top to bottom by a thumb and a forefinger during egg collection operation until the egg grains can not naturally flow out. Collecting sperm immediately after egg collection and stirring with feather to make roe inseminate fully; after two times of induced spawning injection, the spawning effect time of the Gymnocypris przewalskii is generally 72-120 h, and the accumulated temperature is above 36 ℃; after insemination, adding water for many times, gently stirring by using feathers, removing redundant semen and impurities, and performing immersion cleaning for at least 3-5 times; after dirt is removed, standing and observing, the diameter of the fertilized egg reaches 1.58-1.64 mm, and the average diameter is 1.62 +/-0.08 mm; after 42 min, the water absorption swelling diameter reaches 2.31-2.53 mm, the average egg diameter is 2.44 +/-0.04 mm, after the fertilized eggs fully absorb water and swell, weighing is carried out, and the total number of the fertilized eggs is calculated;
s4, artificial incubation
The hatching water meets the regulation of GB 11607, the hatching temperature range is 12-16 ℃, the optimal water temperature is about 14 ℃, the water dissolved oxygen is more than 5 mg/L, a fluorescent lamp is adopted for illumination, the illumination intensity reaches 50 Lax, the hatching equipment adopts parallel grooves, the sizes of hatching plates are 0.4 m multiplied by 0.3 m, about 2000 eggs are placed in each plate, 7 hatching plates are placed in one hatching groove, and the hatching is carried out in running water;
s5. culturing the fry of the water bloom
The fry of Gynura przewalskii is cultivated in glass fiber reinforced plastic flowing water cultivation tank of 4.0 × 1.2 × 0.8 m in size of 2 × 10/cubic meter4tail-4X 104Floating the fry on the tail, culturing the fry at the temperature of 12-16 ℃ and the dissolved oxygen of more than 5 mg/L, and manually feeding egg yolk liquid or complete formula feed powder, wherein the formula feed meets the specification of NY 5072.
Furthermore, the breeding season of Gynura przewalskii is 3 to 6 middle of the month each year; the temperature range of the mother fish of the Qilian naked carp for hastening parturition is 8-12 ℃.
Furthermore, the parent fish is generally selected twice, the parent fish is firstly selected from the domestication pond and then put into the temporary culture pond, and the parent fish is optimally selected from the temporary culture pond and then put into a workshop spawning induction pond, and the parent fish needs to be selected for multiple times due to asynchronous gonad development.
Further, when the water temperature is 12 ℃, hatching is carried out in a hatching tray for about 12 days, the hatching accumulated temperature reaches 144 ℃, the fry start to rupture a small amount of membranes, fertilized eggs completely rupture the membranes within about 2 to 3 days, and most of the fry start to float upwards and swim smoothly after 7 days of membrane rupture.
Furthermore, during incubation management, the water for incubation is filtered by nylon bolting silk (or filter cotton) with the mesh size of 0.18 mm, so as to prevent zooplankton such as fleas and impurities from entering and prevent fertilized eggs from being injured; measuring the water temperature every day, keeping the water temperature of the incubation water stable, and changing the water temperature amplitude to +/-2 ℃; adding an air pump in the incubation water storage tank for aeration and oxygenation to prevent fertilized eggs from being anoxic; generally, the water flow is controlled to be 1.6L/min-3.0L/min, so that fertilized eggs are ensured to slowly turn over in the hatching tray without flowing out; and (4) sucking out the dead eggs floating on the upper water surface of the incubation plate by using a latex tube, and simultaneously returning the good eggs mixed in the dead eggs to the original plate, wherein the operation process needs to be careful to prevent the good eggs from being damaged.
Further, after the membrane rupture and floating (namely the yolk sac is completely absorbed), the fry enters an external nutrition stage, and after the fry is cleaned and counted, the fry is cultured by circulating water; feeding two boiled egg yolks to every 2 ten thousand fries at the temperature of 16 ℃ in 1 day, kneading the two boiled egg yolks in water by using a 200-mesh double-layer bolting silk, and splashing the egg yolks with water for feeding; culturing for 6-8 days, feeding with 0.2 mm grain size complete feed after the fish fry reaches 1.5-2 cm, siphoning off residue and dead fry in the culture tank every day to prevent and treat water deterioration.
Further, disinfection is carried out by using an awkweed or sodium bicarbonate and salt mixture in the processes of hatching and raising the fry of the water bloom, so as to prevent the occurrence of water mold; meanwhile, during the cultivation of the fry of water bloom, areca-nut slices are boiled into juice for soaking and disinfection or the water inlet of a cultivation groove is hung with a bag for disinfection, the occurrence of ichthyophthiriasis is prevented, the using method and the using amount of the fishery medicine are executed according to the specification of NY 5071, and a working log during artificial incubation and the cultivation of the fry of water bloom is well made, wherein the contents mainly comprise water temperature, dissolved oxygen, fry death, fish diseases and the medicine using condition.
According to the method, the most suitable breeding time, the spawning induction water temperature and the breeding water temperature are determined according to the biological characteristics of the przewalskii gymnocypris, the optimal combination of the spawning induction medicines is screened and obtained, the yield of artificial breeding of the przewalskii gymnocypris przewalskii is greatly improved, and 20 ten thousand keels of the przewalskii gymnocypris przewalskii fry are bred successfully by adopting the method.
Detailed Description
In order that the objects and advantages of the invention will be more clearly understood, the invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Environmental conditions
Time: the propagation season of the Gynura przewalskii is 3 to 6 middle-of-month each year.
Water temperature: the temperature range of induction of spawning of the parent fish of the Gymnocypris przewalskii is 8-12 ℃, and the optimal water temperature range of artificial breeding is 10-16 ℃.
Water quality: the water quality of the water for artificial propagation of Gymnocypris przewalskii meets the regulation of GB 11607.
Source of parent fish
The parent fish is from pure Qilian mountain naked carp in black river, Shulehe river, dry branch water system of sheep river and subsidiary water body, and female and male fish with sexual maturity, bright body color, healthy body, complete fin scale, obvious character, no damage and no disease are selected after artificial domestication and breeding.
Parent fish selection
3.1 selection of female parent Fish
3.1.1 appearance selection
The sexual maturity of the female fish has an enlarged abdomen, an obvious ovary outline, a soft and elastic lower abdomen, no zigzag of fin lines at the tail end of the hip fin of the female fish, smooth edges, a little longer length and a tip; the rear part of the body surface of the mature female fish in the breeding season is not smooth and has a small amount of chasing stars.
3.1.2 examination of gonadal development
Beginning in 3 middle ten days every year, parent fishes used for propagation are regularly sampled and inspected, the gonad development degree of the parent fishes is checked and mastered according to means such as appearance observation and dissection observation of the parent fishes, mature female fishes are regular and full in egg size, and female fishes are large in size.
3.2 selection of Male parent Fish
The male fish hip fin is short and wide and is slightly circular, and the edge of the fin is provided with an unobvious notch and barb; during the breeding season, a great amount of chasing stars appear at the hip fin, the tail fin and the tail handle, and the hand feeling is rough. After light pressure, milk white seminal fluid flows out of the cloaca, and then disperses when meeting water.
3.3 selecting parent Fish
Generally, the method is carried out twice, the first time is carried out by primary selection from a domestication pond and then is put into a temporary culture pond, and the second time is carried out by optimal selection from the temporary culture pond and then is put into a workshop spawning induction pond. And selecting for many times due to asynchronous gonad development of parent fishes.
3.4 pairing
The proportion of the male and female parent fish for breeding is 2: about 1.
Artificial hasten parturition
4.1 preparation before induction of labour
A glass fiber reinforced plastic round cylinder or a square cement pond is adopted as an induced spawning pond; wherein, glass steel cylinder: the specification is that the diameter is 2.5 m, the general water depth is about 0.8 m, the water treatment device is provided with an independent water inlet and outlet pipeline, and matched equipment such as an oxygen increasing, temperature increasing and water circulating system and the like are installed according to the requirement; a square cement pond: the standard is 4.5 m multiplied by 2m multiplied by 0.5 m, the water depth is about 0.3 m, an independent water inlet and outlet pipeline is arranged, and the pipe orifice of the water inlet pipe and the tangent line of the wall of the cement pool form an included angle of 45 degrees. The gonad maturation of the parent fish is stimulated by water flow.
2.2 oxytocics
2.2.1 kinds of oxytocics
The oxytocic suitable for hastening parturition of Gymnocypris przewalskii comprises the following components: injectable luteinizing hormone releasing hormone A4 (LRH-A4) (ii) a Diutanone maleate (DOM); chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) for injection.
2.2.2 methods of use
According to the gonad maturity degree and the injection frequency of the parent fish, a plurality of oxytocides are used in combination.
2.3 methods and dosages of injection
2.3.1 in the production, according to the difference of the maturity degree of parent fish, a secondary injection method is adopted. The injection is carried out at the base of the pectoral fin, the injection depth is 0.5 cm, the injection is carried out in the direction of 45 degrees between the needle head and the tangent line of the fish body, and the injection speed is not too high. In the case of two injections, the interval between the first injection and the second injection is preferably 48 hours or more.
2.3.2 methods of injection and dosage for female parent fish
The oxytocic dose per kg body weight of parent fish (female fish) was distributed as follows:
dose with two injections: the first injection dose is: 4ug LRH-A4 + 2 mgDOM; the second injection dose is: 12ug LRH-A4 + 4mg DOM + 400IU HCG.
2.3.3 injection method and dosage for Male Fish
The oxytocic dose per kg body weight of parent fish was divided as follows:
the dosage of the medicine is taken by adopting a one-time injection method: the injection dose is as follows: 12ug LRH-A4 + 4mgDOM；
Under the condition that the gonad development condition of the male fish is better, the male fish can be injected at the same time by adopting a one-time injection method, and the male fish can be injected at the same time when the female fish is injected at the second time.
2.3.4 injection time
After the parent fish is placed in the spawning induction pond, the first spawning induction injection is carried out every other day, the second injection is carried out after the interval of 48 hours, and the injection time is preferably selected in the morning. After another 72 h interval, ovum collection and insemination can be carried out according to the effect time after the spawning induction of the parent fish.
Artificial insemination
5.1 Effect time
After the parent fish is injected with the oxytocic, the water temperature in the oxytocic pool is kept to 12-14 ℃, and the micropore aeration oxygenation system is opened for oxygenation. After two times of induced spawning injections, the spawning effect time of the Gymnocypris przewalskii is generally 72-120 h (the accumulated temperature is above 36 ℃).
5.2 Artificial insemination
According to the characteristic of spawning of Gymnocypris przewalskii in batches, spawn taking and insemination can be carried out in batches according to the water temperature and the effect time after artificial spawning promotion, and generally, spawn taking of each female fish is preferably less than twice. The tools for containing the fish eggs are dry and clean. During egg collection, the thumb and the index finger are slightly squeezed from top to bottom at the two sides of the abdomen until the eggs cannot naturally flow out. Immediately collecting sperm and stirring with feather to make roe inseminate.
5.3 debonding
The Gynura przewalskii roe is sunken and slightly sticky, water needs to be added for many times after insemination, the roe is gently stirred by using feathers, redundant semen and impurities are cleared, and the roe is soaked and washed for at least 3-5 times. After dirt is removed, standing and observing, the diameter of the fertilized egg reaches 1.58-1.64 mm, and the average diameter is 1.62 +/-0.08 mm; after 42 min, the diameter of water absorption expansion reaches 2.31-2.53 mm, and the average egg diameter is 2.44 +/-0.04 mm. Weighing the fertilized eggs after the fertilized eggs fully absorb water and swell, and calculating the total number of the fertilized eggs.
Artificial hatching
6.1 preparation before incubation
Overhauling, installing and cleaning all related facilities, and ensuring normal operation after water is introduced; sterilizing all hatching equipment and tools, wherein the used fishery drugs meet the specification of NY 5071; preparing common articles and equipment such as a thermometer, an ear suction ball, a small beaker, a culture dish, a dissecting mirror and the like; adjusting the temperature of incubation water, and incubating the fertilized eggs when the temperature is stabilized at about 14 DEG C
6.2 incubation
The hatching water meets the regulation of GB 11607, the hatching temperature range is 12-16 ℃, the optimal water temperature is about 14 ℃, the water dissolved oxygen is more than 5 mg/L, a fluorescent lamp is adopted for illumination, the illumination intensity reaches 50 Lax, the hatching equipment adopts parallel grooves, the sizes of hatching plates are 0.4 m multiplied by 0.3 m, about 2000 eggs are placed in each plate, 7 hatching plates are placed in one hatching groove, and the hatching is carried out in running water; .
6.3 incubation time
When the water temperature is 12 ℃, hatching is carried out in a hatching tray for about 12 days, the hatching accumulated temperature reaches 144 ℃, and a small amount of membranes of the fries start to rupture. And (4) breaking membranes of the fertilized eggs in about 2-3 days, and floating and flat swimming of most of the fish fries 7 days after membrane breaking.
6.4 incubation management
6.4.1 fertilization Rate determination
The fertilization rate can be measured and counted after the roe embryo develops to the midgut. The method is that 300 fish eggs are randomly selected from each hatching tray and observed and identified by using a dissecting mirror, and fertilized eggs with normal embryo development (with transparent blastoderm) are calculated according to the fertilized eggs.
6.4.2 daily management
The hatching water is filtered by nylon bolting silk (or filter cotton) with the mesh size of 0.18 mm, so as to prevent the entry of fleas and other zooplankton and impurities and prevent the injury of fertilized eggs; measuring the water temperature every day, keeping the water temperature of the incubation water stable, and changing the water temperature amplitude to +/-2 ℃; adding an air pump in the incubation water storage tank for aeration and oxygenation to prevent fertilized eggs from being anoxic; generally, the water flow is controlled to be 1.6L/min-3.0L/min, so that fertilized eggs are ensured to slowly turn over in the hatching tray without flowing out; and (4) sucking out the dead eggs floating on the upper water surface of the incubation plate by using a latex tube, and simultaneously returning the good eggs mixed in the dead eggs to the original plate, wherein the operation process needs to be careful to prevent the good eggs from being damaged.
6.4.3 fry hatchability determination
And (3) determining and counting the hatching rate after the rupture of membranes and horizontal swimming of the fry:
hatchability (%) = total number of fish larvae/total number of fertilized eggs × 100%
7. Cultivation of fry of water flowers
The fry of Gynura przewalskii is cultivated in glass fiber reinforced plastic flowing water cultivation tank of 4.0 × 1.2 × 0.8 m in size of 2 × 10/cubic meter4tail-4X 104Floating the fry on the tail, culturing the fry at the temperature of 12-16 ℃ and the dissolved oxygen of more than 5 mg/L,manually feeding yolk liquid or complete formula feed powder, wherein the formula feed meets the specification of NY 5072.
Daily management
After the membrane of the fry is broken and the fry floats upwards (namely the yolk sac is completely absorbed), the fry enters an external nutrition stage, and after the fry is cleaned and counted, the fry is cultured by circulating water. Feeding two boiled egg yolks to every 2 ten thousand fries at the temperature of 16 ℃ for 1 day, kneading the two boiled egg yolks in water by using a 200-mesh double-layer bolting silk, and splashing the egg yolks for feeding. Culturing for 6-8 days, and feeding the fries with complete compound feed with the grain diameter of 0.2 mm after the total length of the fries reaches 1.5-2 cm;
the residue and dead seedlings in the culture tank are sucked out regularly by a siphon method every day to prevent the water quality deterioration.
Excessive number of seedlings
And (5) calculating the number of the fries by using a gravimetric method to bring excessive water. The method comprises the following steps of firstly adding water (more than 1 kg) into a bucket to return to zero, and then fishing out the fry in a bucket, wherein the weight is the weight of the fry; and multiplying the total weight of the fries by the tail number of the fries in unit weight to obtain the total number of the fries.
Prevention and treatment of fish diseases
In the breeding process of Gymnocypris przewalskii, the prevention of saprolegniasis and ichthyophthiriasis is mainly carried out according to the principle of prevention. Sterilizing with a mixture of cumin or sodium bicarbonate and salt during the incubation and the cultivation of the fry of the water bloom to prevent the occurrence of saprolegniasis, and simultaneously decocting the water into juice with a betel nut during the cultivation of the fry of the water bloom for soaking and sterilizing or hanging a bag at a water inlet of a cultivation tank for sterilizing to prevent the occurrence of ichthyophthiriasis; the application method and dosage of the fishery medicine are implemented according to the specification of NY 5071.
Daily record
The working logs during artificial incubation and fry rearing are made, and the contents mainly include water temperature, dissolved oxygen, fry death, fish diseases and medication conditions.
The method determines the most suitable breeding time, induced spawning water temperature and breeding water temperature according to the biological characteristics of the Gymnocypris przewalskii, screens and obtains the optimal combination of induced spawning medicaments, and successfully breeds 20 ten thousand Kemnocypris przewalskii fries by adopting the method.
And (3) induction experiment results:
1) survival rate of parent fish
2) Catalytic yield
3) Fertilization rate
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be construed as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. An artificial propagation method of Gymnocypris przewalskii is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting parent fish
S1.1 selection of female parent Fish
The female parent fish selectively matured has unsmooth surface and back part of the fish body, has a small amount of chasing stars, neat and full eggs, expanded abdomen, obvious ovary outline, soft and elastic lower abdomen, no zigzag of fin lines at the tail end of hip fin of the female fish, smooth edge, long edge and top;
s1.2 selection of Male parent Fish
The male fish hip fin is short and wide and is slightly circular, and the edge of the fin is provided with an unobvious notch and barb; during the breeding season, a great amount of chases appear at the hip fin, the tail fin and the tail handle, the hand feeling is rough, the abdomen is slightly pressed, milky semen flows out from the cloaca, and the cloaca can be scattered when meeting water;
wherein, the proportion of the male and female parent fish for breeding is 2: about 1.
S2, artificial induced spawning
S2.1 preparation before induction of labour
A glass fiber reinforced plastic round cylinder or a square cement pond is adopted as an induced spawning pond; the glass fiber reinforced plastic round cylinder has the specification of 2.5 m in diameter and 0.8 m in water depth, is provided with an independent water inlet and outlet pipeline, and is provided with an oxygen increasing, temperature increasing and water circulating system according to the requirement; the specification of the square cement pond is 4.5 m multiplied by 2m multiplied by 0.5 m, the water depth is 0.3 m, the square cement pond is provided with an independent water inlet and outlet pipeline, the pipe orifice of the water inlet pipeline and the tangent line of the wall of the cement pond form an included angle of 45 degrees, and the gonad of the parent fish is stimulated to mature by water flow;
s2.2 injection oxytocic
Injection of female parent fish: the oxytocic dose per kg body weight of parent fish (female fish) was distributed as follows: the two-time injection method is adopted, and the first injection dose is as follows: 4ug LRH-A4 + 2 mgDOM; the second injection dose is: 12ug LRH-A4 + 4mgDOM + 400IU HCG, after the parent fish is put into an induction basin, carrying out first induction injection every other day, carrying out injection at the base of pectoral fin with the injection depth of 0.5 cm, paying attention to the fact that the needle head and the tangent line of the fish body are injected in the direction of 45 degrees, the injection speed is not too fast, carrying out second injection after the interval of 48 h after the first injection, and selecting the morning for the injection time;
injection of male fish: the oxytocic dose per kg body weight of parent fish was divided as follows: the dosage of the medicine is taken by adopting a one-time injection method: the injection dose is as follows: 12ug LRH-A4 + 4 mgDOM; selecting to be performed simultaneously when the female fish is injected for the second time;
s3, artificial insemination
After the parent fish is injected with the oxytocic, the water temperature in the oxytocic pool is kept to 12-14 ℃, and a micropore aeration oxygenation system is opened for oxygenation at intervals of 72 hours, egg collection and insemination are carried out according to the water temperature and the effect time of the parent fish after the oxytocic, the egg collection of each female fish is less than two times, the tools for containing the eggs should be dry and clean, and the eggs are lightly squeezed from top to bottom on the two sides of the abdomen by a thumb and a forefinger during egg collection operation until the eggs cannot naturally flow out. Collecting sperm immediately after egg collection and stirring with feather to make roe inseminate fully; after two times of induced spawning injection, the spawning effect time of the Gymnocypris przewalskii is generally 72-120 h, and the accumulated temperature is above 36 ℃; after insemination, adding water for many times, gently stirring by using feathers, removing redundant semen and impurities, and performing immersion cleaning for at least 3-5 times; after dirt is removed, standing and observing, the diameter of the fertilized egg reaches 1.58-1.64 mm, and the average diameter is 1.62 +/-0.08 mm; after 42 min, the water absorption swelling diameter reaches 2.31-2.53 mm, the average egg diameter is 2.44 +/-0.04 mm, after the fertilized eggs fully absorb water and swell, weighing is carried out, and the total number of the fertilized eggs is calculated;
s4, artificial incubation
The hatching water meets the regulation of GB 11607, the hatching temperature range is 12-16 ℃, the water dissolved oxygen is more than 5 mg/L, a fluorescent lamp is adopted for illumination, the illumination intensity reaches 50 Lax, the hatching equipment adopts parallel grooves, the sizes of hatching trays are 0.4 m multiplied by 0.3 m, about 2000 eggs are placed in each tray, 7 hatching trays are placed in one hatching groove, and the hatching is carried out in running water;
s5. culturing the fry of the water bloom
The fry of Gynura przewalskii is cultivated in glass fiber reinforced plastic flowing water cultivation tank of 4.0 × 1.2 × 0.8 m in size of 2 × 10/cubic meter4tail-4X 104Floating the fry on the tail, culturing the fry at the temperature of 12-16 ℃ and the dissolved oxygen of more than 5 mg/L, and manually feeding egg yolk liquid or complete formula feed powder, wherein the formula feed meets the specification of NY 5072.
2. The artificial propagation method of Gymnocypris przewalskii according to claim 1, characterized in that: the propagation season of the Gynura przewalskii is 3 to 6 middle-of-month in each year; the temperature range of the mother fish of the Qilian naked carp for hastening parturition is 8-12 ℃.
3. The artificial propagation method of Gymnocypris przewalskii according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the parent fish is selected twice, the parent fish is firstly selected from the domestication pond and then put into the temporary culture pond, and the parent fish is optimally selected from the temporary culture pond and then put into the workshop spawning induction pond, and the parent fish needs to be selected for many times because the gonads of the parent fish are not synchronous in development.
4. The artificial propagation method of Gymnocypris przewalskii according to claim 1, characterized in that: when the water temperature is 12 ℃, hatching is carried out in a hatching tray for about 12 days, the hatching accumulated temperature reaches 144 ℃, the fry starts to rupture a small amount of membranes, fertilized eggs rupture all membranes after 2 days to 3 days, and most of the fry starts to float upwards and swim smoothly after 7 days.
5. The artificial propagation method of Gymnocypris przewalskii according to claim 1, characterized in that: during incubation management, water for incubation is filtered by nylon bolting silk with the mesh size of 0.18 mm, so that zooplankton such as fleas and impurities are prevented from entering, and fertilized eggs are prevented from being injured; measuring the water temperature every day, keeping the water temperature of the incubation water stable, and changing the water temperature amplitude to +/-2 ℃; adding an air pump in the incubation water storage tank for aeration and oxygenation to prevent fertilized eggs from being anoxic; generally, the water flow is controlled to be 1.6L/min-3.0L/min, so that fertilized eggs are ensured to slowly turn over in the hatching tray without flowing out; and (4) sucking out the dead eggs floating on the upper water surface of the incubation plate by using a latex tube, and simultaneously returning the good eggs mixed in the dead eggs to the original plate, wherein the operation process needs to be careful to prevent the good eggs from being damaged.
6. The artificial propagation method of Gymnocypris przewalskii according to claim 1, characterized in that: after the fish fry breaks the membrane and floats upwards, the fish fry enters an external nutrition stage, and after the fish fry is cleaned and counted, the fish fry starts to be cultivated by circulating water; feeding two boiled egg yolks to every 2 ten thousand fries at the temperature of 16 ℃ in 1 day, kneading the two boiled egg yolks in water by using a 200-mesh double-layer bolting silk, and splashing the egg yolks with water for feeding; culturing for 6-8 days, feeding with 0.2 mm grain size complete feed after the fish fry reaches 1.5-2 cm, siphoning off residue and dead fry in the culture tank every day to prevent and treat water deterioration.
7. The artificial propagation method of Gymnocypris przewalskii according to claim 1, characterized in that: disinfecting with a mixture of benzene, sodium bicarbonate and salt in the processes of hatching and culturing the fry of the water bloom to prevent the occurrence of water mold; meanwhile, during the cultivation of the fry of water bloom, areca-nut slices are boiled into juice for soaking and disinfection or the water inlet of a cultivation groove is hung with a bag for disinfection, the occurrence of ichthyophthiriasis is prevented, the using method and the using amount of the fishery medicine are executed according to the specification of NY 5071, and a working log during artificial incubation and the cultivation of the fry of water bloom is well made, wherein the contents mainly comprise water temperature, dissolved oxygen, fry death, fish diseases and the medicine using condition.
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