CN111990294A - Original seed harvesting, domesticating and artificial propagation method of Aschersonia songorica - Google Patents
Original seed harvesting, domesticating and artificial propagation method of Aschersonia songorica Download PDFInfo
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- CN111990294A CN111990294A CN201911426897.3A CN201911426897A CN111990294A CN 111990294 A CN111990294 A CN 111990294A CN 201911426897 A CN201911426897 A CN 201911426897A CN 111990294 A CN111990294 A CN 111990294A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
- A01K61/17—Hatching, e.g. incubators
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention belongs to the fishing industry, and relates to a method for collecting and domesticating original species of Parsongorian coioides and artificially propagating, which comprises the following steps: collecting and catching stock seeds, transporting the stock seeds for long and short distances, temporarily breeding the stock seeds, sterilizing the stock seeds, domesticating the parent seeds, performing intermittent rapid water flow stimulation on the parent seeds, identifying the male and female parent fishes, performing prenatal intensive cultivation on the parent fishes, artificially hastening parturition, artificially picking eggs and fertilizing, and artificially incubating. The invention has the characteristics of effectively saving water, being beneficial to artificial large-scale culture, effectively reducing the death rate, improving the hatching rate, enabling the spawning induction rate to reach more than 90 percent and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the fishing industry, and relates to a method for collecting, domesticating and artificially propagating original seeds of Parsongorian.
Background
The eremosses (also known as new-Jiang elegans) are fishes of the genus elegans of the subfamily elegans of the family Cyprinidae, are only distributed in the eremosses basin in Xinjiang province in China at present, are only distributed in the areas of the river mouths of the seminal river into the Erythrochlia and the Qutun river into the Erythroche river, are characteristic species in the areas, are also the native fishes unique to Xinjiang, are the fishes with higher economic value in the rivers of the eremosses basin, and are key species (keyspeces) or flagship species (flagship species) of aquatic organisms in the water areas.
Three species of Sinkiang Ardisia japonica are distributed: parthenocissus soongana, beggar elegans and high body elegans. In world geographical regions, the eremosan songoric is a special fish in Xinjiang, Chinese scholars Li Shuizi think that the eremosan songoric is the oldest of three types of fishes, the three types of eremosa songoric are one before the third era (new and new), natural geographical isolation is formed in basins due to uplift of crustal motion mountains, so that the fishes lose the opportunity of genetic communication, and the geographical barrier isolation is evolved into a new species. Therefore, the further research on the biological characteristics of the fishes has important practical significance for researching the development process of the geographical system of the Ardisia japonica in China, the characteristics of fish regions in Xinjiang and the reasons for the formation of the characteristics.
The parthenocissus sooner has been the main economic fish in primary producing areas. However, since the 50 th century, due to the economic activities of human beings, over-fishing, introduction of foreign species and excessive agricultural water use are caused, and water conservancy facilities such as river barrages, reservoirs, water diversion hubs and the like are built in rivers such as seminal rivers and Kuntze rivers, so that natural river channels where the aschard japonicas live are canalized, water quantity is reduced, fish habitat is broken and ecological blockage is caused, the distribution range of the aschard japonicas is continuously shrunk, the population resource quantity is sharply reduced, and the ecological protection of the fishes is directly threatened. The Aschersonia soongana is listed as an easily-dangerous species by the book Red skin of endangered animals (fishes) in China in 1998, and is listed as an I-level protective aquatic wild animal in the famous book of emphasis protection of aquatic wild animals in the Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region in 2019, so that the urgency of biodiversity protection of the fishes is reflected.
In recent years, along with the development of the water conservancy project in Xinjiang, the population resources of the Asarum songoricum are reduced, and according to the requirements of national laws and regulations, the water conservancy and hydropower engineering main units in watersheds such as the seminal river and the Qutunghe and related fishery administration departments urgently hope to grasp the artificial propagation, proliferation and releasing technology of the fishes through technical attack, repair the increasingly influenced aquatic ecological environment of the regions including the seminal river and the Qutunghe and protect the diversity of rare species.
The easy migration protection and artificial propagation and releasing are commonly adopted at home and abroad at present to protect rare or endangered aquatic species, and the artificial propagation and releasing activity is also one of the commonly used methods in the current domestic hydraulic engineering compensation measures. In nearly 10 years in China, national first-grade aquatic wild protection animal gelsemium elegans is easily migrated, an Akesu elegans stock ground is established, a plurality of Xinjiang endangered and easily dangerous fish rescue centers are established, 169 thousands of gelsemium elegans are propagated and released to Xinjiang boschen lake and Cuminer reservoir in an accumulated manner, and the aim of protecting and recovering natural population resources of the gelsemium elegans is achieved by artificial propagation and release.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provides a method for capturing, domesticating and artificially propagating the protospecies of the Asarus songorica, which has the characteristics of effectively saving water, being beneficial to artificial large-scale culture, effectively reducing the death rate, improving the hatching rate, enabling the spawning rate to reach more than 90 percent and the like.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows: a method for collecting and domesticating original seeds of the Atlantic songoridae, which comprises the following steps: 1) harvesting original seeds: the original seed collecting point of the Parsonel Parsonnery is located in the refined river delta of the autonomous State of the Mongolia autonomous of the Boerla Mongolia of Xinjiang, and the collecting point is located in the refined river Tab lake delta and belongs to the national-grade natural habitat and reproduction zone of the Parsonel lake wetlandThe whole collecting and catching area is positioned in an air duct area at an Alashan opening; the catching tool mainly comprises a ground cage, a net bag and a purse net; 2) long-distance and short-distance transportation: due to the limitation of natural conditions and the collection quantity, the collection and transportation work of the Asarum songoricum is divided into long-distance transportation and short-distance transportation, the short-distance transportation is carried out to a fishery technology promotion station in Jinghe county for collection and temporary rearing, and the long-distance transportation is carried out to a Xinjiang aquatic wild animal rescue center for artificial domestication; the original seeds are transported in long and short distance by packing the fry bags into packing cases, and the water temperature, water quality and dissolved oxygen are strictly controlled in the process of packing the fish; 3) temporary breeding of stock seeds: the fishing site conditions are severe, the quantity of the harvested and caught plants are different every day, and the collecting time is about half a month, so that a technical popularization station in the fishery industry of Jinghe county is selected as a temporary culture place; screening an optimal temporary rearing method through a test; according to the feeding property of the Asarum songoricum, the physique of original seeds is recovered as soon as possible, and the temporary culture effect is improved by adopting daily management methods of enhancing water quality, preventing diseases, preventing escape and the like by feeding favorite wheat ears and Huang \19522fishduring the temporary culture; 4) stock seed disinfection: the collecting of the protospecies of the Asarus songori is difficult to avoid losses of different degrees due to tools and human factors, and fish pathogenic factors such as parasites, saprolegnia and the like are often carried, so before temporary culture and artificial domestication, appropriate aquatic drugs are screened, disinfection and sterilization are carried out, and the infection and inflammation of the wound of the protospecies or the introduction of pathogenic microorganisms and the like are prevented; 5) domestication: domestication of the Asarum songaricum is carried out in the rescue center of aquatic wild animals of the institute of aquatic science in Xinjiang, breeder parent fishes newly collected 2 days before domestication do not eat, favorite wheat ears and Huang (19522) fishes can be fed 2 days later, live baits are gradually reduced, and surimi feeding is increased; finally, gradually increasing high-protein feed in surimi, and finally domesticating wild Parasocharis soongaris to completely eat artificial pellet feed; the phenomenon of food robbery can occur after 1-2 months of artificial domestication; 6) the parent intermittent rapid water flow stimulation method comprises the following steps: when the Erascheri songori is transferred to a fresh water pond for domestication, in order to better promote the gonad development and maturation of the Erascheri songari, a parent intermittent rapid flowing water stimulation method is initiated; the specific method comprises taking parent fish before 10 months of the first year, placing into canvas pool (4.5 m × 4.5 m × 1.5m in length, width and height) of workshop, and temporarily culturing for 3 months of the next yearFeeding the middle ten parents with floating feed with higher protein content; then, the selection of gonad mature is placed into a canvas pool to be stimulated by circulating flowing water at the water temperature of 11-15 ℃, a 2-inch water pump is used, the flowing water stimulation is started for 2 times every day, each time is 2 hours, and the internal circulation water volume is controlled to be 8-15 m3H; 7) and (3) identifying the male and female parts: the male and female of the Parsongorian are not easy to identify when the physiological maturity is not reached, and the male and female fish which reach sexual maturity are easy to identify; the female fish reaching sexual maturity has round and smooth pectoral fin and is silvery; the scales from the upper edge of the ventral fin to the tail end of the tail fin appear a little but are not obvious; the genital pore is protruded outwards and reddish, the abdomen is expanded, the ovary contour becomes more obvious along with the development of sexual maturity of female fish, the softness of the ovary is increased, and eggs can flow out from the abdomen by lightly pressing the abdomen with good sexual maturity; the male fish reaching sexual maturity has elliptic and rough pectoral fin and red fin strip; more orange chasing stars appear on the scales from the upper edge of the ventral fin to the tail end of the tail fin, and gradually turn into light brown or brown along with the development of sexual maturity; the abdomen part close to the cloaca is thin and sharp to form an edge angle, and two obvious traces are arranged on two sides; the genital pore is narrow and concave, and semen can flow out under light pressure; 8) the prenatal intensive cultivation of parent fishes: in the early spring period, the parent fish starts to eat when the water temperature rises to 10 ℃, and in order to increase the prenatal intensified cultivation strength, the parent fish is fed with the high-protein feed three times every day until the water temperature reaches 16 ℃, and then the parent fish stops eating; 9) artificial hastening parturition: when the water temperature reaches above 16 ℃, a small amount of chasing stars appear on scales from the upper edges of the abdominal fins to the tail ends of the tail fins of the Parsongorian coioides, the gonads of female fishes mature, the abdomens are enlarged and soft, the reproductive pores are slightly red and swollen, and the hormone for fish spawning can be started; the hormone is universal fish hormone of Ningbo hormone II, including injectable luteinizing hormone releasing hormone A2 (LHRH-A2) and domperidone injection (diospyrone), and is injected from chest fin at base of chest fin, and dosage of male fish drug is reduced by half; through multiple comparative tests, it was determined that: LRH-A21 mu g/kg + DOM 1mg/kg, 0.7% NaCl normal saline is used as a solvent, and the optimal induction injection scheme is that 1 induction injection is performed every 24 hours; 10) artificial egg taking and fertilization: when the laying phenomenon of female ascharles songorica is found, fishing out and checking, and when eggs flow out from the belly of the female ascharles songorica slightly squeezed, carrying out artificial egg picking and fertilization; in the process of operation, the femaleThe body surface water of the male parent fish must be wiped clean, so that the fertilization rate is prevented from being influenced by the water body; the operation method comprises the steps of firstly wiping the body surfaces of female fishes, slightly extruding eggs into a clean white enamel basin, wiping the body surfaces of male fishes again, extruding seminal fluid, wherein the ratio of male fishes to female fishes is 1: 2; stirring the mixture for 2 to 3 minutes after the mixture is stirred evenly by feather; starting to generate viscosity 3 minutes after fertilization, adding clear water or other debonding liquid to rinse for 6-8 times of debonding, cleaning for 5 times after debonding, and standing for 5-8 minutes each time; finally, uniformly laying the fertilized eggs on an egg placing plate with meshes, wherein the distance between the egg placing plate and the bottom of the rectangular tank is 25-30 cm, and the mesh is 120 meshes so as to be beneficial to oxygen dissolving respiration of the fertilized eggs; 11) artificial incubation: fertilized eggs need aeration and oxygenation in the egg laying plate of the rectangular groove, and are timely cleaned by utilizing a circulating hatching facility in the rectangular groove, wherein the water flow speed is 0.2 m.s-1(ii) a The water source is an aerated water tank; the early requirement of hatching water flow is weak, the metabolism capability of the larval fish after membrane rupture is enhanced, the oxygen consumption is promoted by the putrefaction of substances such as an empty egg membrane and the like, the empty egg membrane and dead eggs need to be cleaned regularly, the flowing speed is properly increased, the dissolved oxygen is kept at 9.0-9.5 mg/L, and the dissolved oxygen in water is ensured to meet the requirements of the fry; when a small amount of fry is discharged from the film, the water flow needs to be slowly reduced.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
A method for collecting and domesticating original seeds of the Atlantic songoridae, which comprises the following steps:
harvesting original seeds: the original seed collecting and catching points of the Parsonel Parsonnerochaete are located in the refined river delta of the autonomous State of Mongolia of Boerla Mongolia of Xinjiang, the collecting points are located in the delta area of the refined river entering the Aibi lake and belong to the national natural protection area of the Aibi lake wetland, and the whole collecting and catching area is located in an air duct area of an Arashan mouth; the fishing tool mainly comprises a ground cage, a net bag and a purse net. The ground cage has low fishing efficiency, large fish loss and continuous death in transportation and temporary culture. The mouth of the river is tied with the net bag to facilitate the capture but cause too much death and injury. The purse seine (the specification of the mesh is 1cm multiplied by 1cm, the length, the width and the height are 30m multiplied by 3m multiplied by 2 m) is convenient to operate, the harvesting amount is large, and the survival rate of stock seeds can reach more than 89%.
Long-distance and short-distance transportation: due to the limitation of natural conditions and the collection quantity, the collection and transportation work of the Asarum songoricum is divided into long-distance transportation and short-distance transportation, the short-distance transportation is carried out to a fishery technology promotion station in Jinghe county for collection and temporary rearing, and the long-distance transportation is carried out to a Xinjiang aquatic wild animal rescue center for artificial domestication; the original seeds are transported in long and short distance by packing the fry bags into packing cases, and the water temperature, water quality and dissolved oxygen are strictly controlled in the process of packing the fish. Oxygen is timely oxygenated in long and short distance, and the dissolved oxygen requirement is more than or equal to 6 mg/L. The water for transporting the parent fish must be clear and turbid river water cannot be used, the specific method is that three-fourth well water is mixed with one-fourth river clear water, the water temperature is not more than 13 ℃ in long-distance transportation, the water temperature is not more than 15 ℃ in short-distance transportation, and ice bags are added into a foam box for packaging and boxing to keep the constant temperature state for a long time.
Temporary breeding of stock seeds: the condition of the mining and catching places is severe, the mining and catching quantity is different every day, and the collecting time needs about half a month, so that the technical popularization station of the fishery in the Jinghe county is selected as the temporary culture place. Through the contrast test to soil pond, cement pond and box with a net, the result discovers that the box with a net water circulation is good dissolved oxygen height, and water quality is clean, is convenient for feed and disinfect disinfection, and recapture convenient operation is difficult for causing the secondary damage. According to the feeding property of the Asarum songoricum, the physique of original species is recovered as soon as possible, and the temporary culture effect is improved by adopting daily management methods of enhancing water quality, preventing diseases, preventing escape and the like by feeding favorite wheat ears and Huang \19522fishduring the temporary culture period.
Stock seed disinfection: the collecting of the protospecies of the Asarus songorica is difficult to avoid losses of different degrees due to tools and human factors, and fish pathogenic factors such as parasites, saprolegnia and the like are often carried, so before temporary culture and artificial domestication, appropriate aquatic drugs are screened, and disinfection and sterilization treatment are carried out to prevent and treat wound infection and inflammation of the protospecies or bring pathogenic microorganisms and the like.
When selecting the disinfection and sterilization medicine, the conditions of small irritation, convenient operation, favorable inflammation diminishing and healing of the wound on the surface of the fish body and the like are followed. After 4 years of screening, the finally selected disinfection and sterilization treatment method comprises the following steps: (1) soaking fish body with 10ppm povidone iodine for 30min, and sterilizing at temperature below 15 deg.C under oxygen-charging condition. The povidone iodine has small irritation to fish body and certain bactericidal effect. (2) Soaking fish body in 6-8ppm potassium permanganate solution for 15-20min, maintaining water temperature below 15 deg.C, and oxygenating to obtain fish wound with oxidation discoloration. The low-concentration potassium permanganate solution has the function of astringency, can promote the inflammation diminishing and healing of the wound on the surface of the fish body, and can reduce the infection rate of bacterial, fungal, parasitic and other fish diseases. (3) Soaking fish body in 2% sodium chloride solution for 15-20min, maintaining water temperature below 15 deg.C, and oxygenating to sterilize. (4) The erythromycin ointment is applied to the surface wound of the fish body once a day, and has certain effect on healing of slight wound of the fish body.
Domestication: domestication of the Asarum songaricum is carried out in the rescue center of aquatic wild animals of the institute of aquatic science in Xinjiang, breeder parent fishes newly collected 2 days before domestication do not eat, favorite wheat ears and Huang (19522) fishes can be fed 2 days later, live baits are gradually reduced, and surimi feeding is increased; finally, gradually increasing high-protein feed in surimi, and finally domesticating wild Parasocharis soongaris to completely eat artificial pellet feed; usually, after 1-2 months of artificial domestication, the phenomenon of food robbing can occur.
Because the stock seeds are few, the stock seeds are put into a PE barrel (length, width and height 2m multiplied by 1.5 m) of a workshop for domestication and cultivation, the cultivation water temperature is 15-20 ℃, the dissolved oxygen is more than or equal to 6mg/L, the water source is underground well water, and the water quality reaches the national three-class ground surface water quality standard. Newly collected parent fishes of the breeder seeds are not ingested in the first 2 days, and favorite wheat ears and yellow-grown 19522fish can be fed after 2 days, then the live baits are gradually reduced, and the feeding of minced fillet is increased. Finally, gradually increasing high-protein feed in surimi, and finally domesticating wild Parasonia songarica capable of completely eating artificial pellet feed. Usually, after 1-2 months of artificial domestication, the phenomenon of food robbing can occur. Through 4 years of research and observation, the domesticated parent fish has better growth condition, and the values of the body length, the body weight, the fullness and the like are all larger than those of the individuals in the same year in the field.
The parent intermittent rapid water flow stimulation method comprises the following steps: when the fluid is transferred to a fresh water pond for domestication, in order to better promote the gonad development of the Erzerlichia songoricaMaturing, initiating a parent intermittent rapid flow stimulation method; the method comprises the following steps of taking out parent fishes 10 months before the first year, putting the parent fishes into a canvas pool (4.5 m multiplied by 1.5m in length, width and height) of a workshop for temporary culture, and feeding floating feed with higher protein content when parents begin to feed in the middle ten days of the next year 3; then, the selection of gonad mature is placed into a canvas pool to be stimulated by circulating flowing water at the water temperature of 11-15 ℃, a 2-inch water pump is used, the flowing water stimulation is started for 2 times every day, each time is 2 hours, and the internal circulation water volume is controlled to be 8-15 m3/h。
And (3) identifying the male and female parts: the male and female of the Parsongorian are not easy to identify when the physiological maturity is not reached, and the male and female fish which reach sexual maturity are easy to identify; the female fish reaching sexual maturity has round and smooth pectoral fin and is silvery; the scales from the upper edge of the ventral fin to the tail end of the tail fin appear a little but are not obvious; the genital pore is protruded outwards and reddish, the abdomen is expanded, the ovary contour becomes more obvious along with the development of sexual maturity of female fish, the softness of the ovary is increased, and eggs can flow out from the abdomen by lightly pressing the abdomen with good sexual maturity; the male fish reaching sexual maturity has elliptic and rough pectoral fin and red fin strip; more orange chasing stars appear on the scales from the upper edge of the ventral fin to the tail end of the tail fin, and gradually turn into light brown or brown along with the development of sexual maturity; the abdomen part close to the cloaca is thin and sharp to form an edge angle, and two obvious traces are arranged on two sides; the genital orifice is narrow and concave, and semen can flow out under light pressure.
The prenatal intensive cultivation of parent fishes: in the early spring period, the parent fish starts to eat when the water temperature rises to 10 ℃, and in order to increase the prenatal intensified cultivation strength, the parent fish is fed with the high-protein feed three times every day until the water temperature reaches 16 ℃, and then the parent fish stops eating. High-quality sperms and ova can be obtained only by well-done prenatal cultivation, and strong and powerful force is ensured when the membrane of the newly hatched fries is broken, so that the fries which are firm and strong in body can be obtained.
Artificial hastening parturition: when the water temperature reaches above 16 ℃, a small amount of chasing stars appear on scales from the upper edges of the abdominal fins to the tail ends of the tail fins of the Parsongorian coioides, the gonads of female fishes mature, the abdomens are enlarged and soft, the reproductive pores are slightly red and swollen, and the hormone for fish spawning can be started; the hormone is universal fish hormone of Ningbo hormone II, including injectable luteinizing hormone releasing hormone A2 (LHRH-A2) and domperidone injection (diospyrone), and is injected from chest fin at base of chest fin, and dosage of male fish drug is reduced by half; through multiple comparative tests, it was determined that: LRH-A21 mu g/kg + DOM 1mg/kg, 0.7% NaCl physiological saline as solvent, and the best induction injection scheme is that 1 induction injection is performed every 24 hours. The injection is carried out by adopting the chest fin at the base part of the chest fin, and the dosage of the male fish medicament is halved. After the spawning promotion needle is used, mature fish eggs can be basically obtained through spawning promotion by an effective gonad development maturation stimulation method, and the spawning promotion rate is over 90 percent.
Artificial egg taking and fertilization: and (3) finding the laying phenomenon of the female asonic soongarood, fishing out for inspection, and carrying out artificial egg taking and fertilization work when eggs flow out from the belly of the slightly extruded female asonic. Sperm and egg standards that can be used for propagation are shown in table 1. Selecting the sperms and the eggs with good development for artificial insemination, and carrying out the following preparation work: (1) preparation of the article. Comprises purified water, a white enamel basin, dry and clean feathers, toilet paper, a water spoon, a beaker, a measuring cylinder, a thermometer and other related articles; (2) temporarily culturing the selected male and female fishes in the rectangular grooves respectively.
Artificial egg collection insemination is adopted for the parthenocissus soongana. In the operation process, the body surface water of the male and female parent fishes must be wiped clean, so that the influence of the water body on the fertility rate is avoided. The operation method comprises the steps of firstly wiping the body surfaces of female fishes, slightly extruding the eggs into a clean white enamel basin, wiping the body surfaces of male fishes again, and extruding semen, wherein the ratio of male fishes to female fishes is 1: 2. After the feathers are gently stirred evenly, 0.2% of glucose insemination liquid is added for insemination, and stirring is carried out for 2-3 minutes. And (3) starting to generate viscosity 3min after fertilization, adding clear water or other debonding liquid to rinse for 6-8 times for debonding, and cleaning for 5 times after debonding, wherein standing is carried out for 5-8 minutes each time. The sufficient standing time can ensure that the fertilized eggs fully absorb water and expand, the perivitelline space is enlarged, and a good embryo body environment is established for embryo development. And finally, uniformly laying the fertilized eggs on an egg placing plate with meshes (0.28 mm), wherein the distance between the egg placing plate and the rectangular groove bottom is 25-30 cm, and the mesh is 120 meshes, so that dissolved oxygen respiration of the fertilized eggs is facilitated.
Artificial incubation: fertilized eggs need aeration and oxygenation in the egg laying plate of the rectangular groove, and are timely cleaned by utilizing a circulating hatching facility in the rectangular groove, wherein the water flow speed is 0.2 m.s-1. The water source is an aerated water tank, the requirement of the incubation water flow is weak in the early stage, the metabolism capability of the larval fish after membrane rupture and the putrefaction of substances such as an empty egg membrane promote the oxygen consumption to increase, the empty egg membrane and dead eggs need to be cleaned regularly at the moment, the flowing speed is properly increased, the dissolved oxygen is kept at 9.0-9.5 mg/L, the dissolved oxygen in water is ensured to meet the requirement of the larval fish, and when a small amount of larval fish leaves the membrane, the water flow needs to be slowly reduced.
When a small amount of fry is discharged from the film, the water flow needs to be slowly reduced. The embryo development time of the eremosa songaricum is shown in table 2, the operation is required to reduce stirring as much as possible during the neublastic period, the internal circulation flow is slightly increased after the insemination eggs develop to pass through the sensitive period of the neublastic embryo, the insemination egg hatching of the eremosa songaricum is different from that of other fishes, namely, the eremosa songaricum has a neublastic sensitive period, during the sensitive period, the insemination eggs are kept standing for enough time to develop to the next step, and if frequent turning and other operations are carried out, the embryos can be developed and die. Therefore, the rectangular groove internal circulation type hatching facility is most suitable for artificial hatching of the parthenocarpic coilers, and the hatching rate can reach more than 82% by using the method.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the parthenocissus soongaris is classified as Chinese dangerous fishes, and the first-stage protection aquatic wild animals in the autonomous region. The resource quantity of the Oenothera sonchifolia population is extremely deficient, the conditions of the catching place are severe, and an effective catching, transporting and temporary culture method is very necessary; the unique arid and semi-arid climate in Xinjiang area is extremely deficient in water resource, and a circulating hatching facility in a rectangular groove is researched and developed, so that water can be effectively saved; the embryo is detackified by adopting trypsin, so that the hatching rate can be greatly improved, the bottleneck that the development of the embryo is difficult to observe is broken, and the development of scientific research work is facilitated; the diatom biofilm at the bottom of the rectangular tank is used for effectively adsorbing or settling harmful substances, and microbial agents such as photosynthetic bacteria and nitrobacteria are added in an auxiliary manner, so that the morbidity of the ichthyophthirius multifiliis can be effectively reduced. By using the method, the technical parameters of the harvesting survival rate of the Asarus songari, the catalytic yield, the insemination rate, the hatching rate, the seedling culture survival rate and the like in the artificial propagation and cultivation process can be obviously improved, and the success of the artificial propagation and cultivation of the Asarus songari is ensured.
The invention succeeds in artificial breeding technology of the Erzechthys songari for the first time in China, and the production of 20 thousand of fishes produced in year is achieved according to the method. By continuously knowing the propagation habits of the Aschersonia songarica, carefully performing prenatal intensive culture and salinity stimulation, accurately grasping the breeding conditions, performing artificial gonad growth hormone injection, temperature control, moderate illumination and other means, completing artificial induced spawning, artificial fertilization and artificial incubation of the Aschersonia songarica in China for the first time, obtaining 48.2 ten thousand fertilized eggs in total, incubating 39.7 thousand tails of the first-incubated fries, and breeding 33.9 thousand tails of the fries; at present, the quantity of fish fry produced per year can reach 20 thousands of fish tails.
The invention independently develops and tries out the circulating hatching facilities in the rectangular groove, and can effectively save water. The Asia-European continental abdominal land in Xinjiang is arid all the year round, has little rain and very deficient water resources, and the water saving and water resource protection are important links for long-term adherence of Xinjiang to ecological civilization construction. According to the biological characteristics of the Aschersonia songorica, fertilized eggs are small, newly hatched fries are weak and the floating time of the fries is long, at least 12-15 days are needed from embryo development and initial fry culture to fry pond descending, so that a rectangular groove internal circulation type hatching facility is developed and tried out autonomously, the traditional running water hatching and still water hatching methods are changed, the facility only changes water by 20-30% every 2 days, and the facility has the advantages of increasing water dissolved oxygen, filtering dirt, reducing disease occurrence and the like. Through rough estimation, the circulating incubation facility in the rectangular groove can greatly reduce the waste of water resources and can save the water resources by more than 90 percent.
The invention uses the small-sized purse net for the first time to collect and catch the original seeds in the open water area, thereby effectively reducing the death rate. The catching place is located at the port of the Alaskan port of the autonomous state of Borta Mongolia, the Alaskan port is one of five wind ports in the world, the natural environment is quite severe, the maximum instantaneous wind power of 256 days can reach 12 levels in average 6 levels of wind in the year, the temperature difference between winter and summer reaches 84 ℃, the water area belongs to high saline and alkaline and other unfavorable catching factors. In order to overcome adverse conditions and effectively collect the eremosa songarica protospecies, research and improvement on collecting and transporting methods and temporary culture technology are carried out for many years. The small purse net is used for harvesting and catching the original seeds in open water area for the first time in 2018, so that the harvesting speed is effectively improved, the death rate is reduced, and a set of complete harvesting, catching, temporary culture and transportation method is formed.
The invention breaks through the problem of domestication and is beneficial to artificial large-scale culture. The parthenocarpic soongas is a heterotrophic fish, and the food types are wide, including the smallest organic debris and algae to larger fish and aquatic insects, which can eat food, and the fish has stronger plasticity. In the early stage of domestication, in order to recover the physique of the fish and adapt to the feeding habit of the fish, feeding favorite wheat ears and yellow rice 19522s. In the middle period of acclimatization, live baits are gradually reduced, and surimi feeding is increased. Finally, gradually increasing high-protein feed in surimi, and finally domesticating wild Parasonia songarica capable of completely eating artificial pellet feed.
The invention provides the drug concentration and the induced spawning frequency of the artificial induced spawning of the eremospartus songorica, and the induced spawning rate can reach more than 90%. The number of the oxytocic drugs of the fishes is dozens, and the oxytocic dose and the oxytocic frequency are greatly different. The eremosses are unique fish species in Xinjiang, comparison tests and exploration are repeatedly carried out according to unique biological characteristics, the LRH-A21 [ mu ] g/kg +1DOM suitable for the eremosses is determined, the oxytocic dose is 2 units, the oxytocic frequency is one injection every 24 hours, and after 4-year oxytocic tests, the optimal oxytocic injection scheme of the eremosses is obtained. The mature roe can be obtained by inducing spawning basically through an effective gonad development maturation stimulation method, and the induced spawning rate is over 90 percent. The raw lipped fish lay eggs, and therefore the parent fish used for artificial reproduction must be selected.
According to the invention, trypsin is firstly adopted to be aligned with fertilized egg membranes of the Erascheri songari in China for debonding, so that the hatchability can be greatly improved. Fertilized egg membranes of the aschersonia songorica have strong viscosity, and the detackifying effect is poor by using physical methods such as clear water, yellow soil, talcum powder and the like because the gelatin membrane layer of the fertilized egg membranes cannot be effectively removed. The oosperm mucus which is not removed can lead the oosperm to be mutually adhered and is very easy to adhere dirt, and the living oosperm is also easy to be invaded by the hook-shaped hypha of the saprolegnia dick in the dead oosperm, thus leading the hatchability to be reduced. Trypsin is a kind of protease, a serine proteolytic enzyme extracted from the pancreas of cattle, sheep, and pigs, and functions as a digestive enzyme to detack fertilized egg membranes properly. In the detackifying experiment by using trypsin solutions with different concentrations and different time periods, a scanning electron microscope and an optical microscope are adopted to aim at the hierarchical structure of mature egg membranes of the aschersonia songarica and the morphological structure change of the egg membranes in the germ development process of fertilized eggs for observation. The optimal concentration and time selected in the test have no influence on the embryos, and can clearly see each development period of the embryos of the Parsongorian, and the hatching rate can be greatly improved.
According to the invention, the diatom biofilm on the bottom of the rectangular tank effectively adsorbs or settles harmful substances, and the microbial preparations such as photosynthetic bacteria and nitrobacteria are added in an auxiliary manner, so that the morbidity of the ichthyophthirius multifiliis can be effectively reduced. The ichthyophthirius multifiliis a common parasitic disease in aquatic seedling cultivation, the morbidity is not easy to control, the lethality rate is high, and the survival rate of seedling cultivation is seriously influenced, so that the selection of a scientific and reasonable method for avoiding pathogen infection is very important. According to the biological characteristics of the Aschersonia songorica, the larva fishes need to be temporarily cultured in the rectangular grooves for a few days, the diatom biofilm at the bottom of the rectangular groove pool is implemented to effectively adsorb or settle harmful substances, and microbial preparations such as photosynthetic bacteria, nitrobacteria and the like are added in an auxiliary mode, so that the effects of purifying water quality, degrading harmful substances and maintaining a good culture environment can be effectively achieved, the breeding of pathogens and the invasion of the larva fishes are avoided, and the hatchability of fry culture is ensured. The method has the characteristics that: the method has the advantages of small investment, convenient operation and remarkable disease prevention effect, and can be applied to large-scale production in the rectangular groove.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A method for collecting and domesticating original seeds of the Aschersonia soongana and artificially propagating is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) original seed harvesting and catching
The original seed collecting and catching points of the Parsonel Parsonnerochaete are located in the refined river delta of the autonomous State of Mongolia of Boerla Mongolia of Xinjiang, the collecting points are located in the delta area of the refined river entering the Aibi lake and belong to the national natural protection area of the Aibi lake wetland, and the whole collecting and catching area is located in an air duct area of an Arashan mouth; the catching tool mainly comprises a ground cage, a net bag and a purse net;
2) long and short distance transport
Due to the limitation of natural conditions and the collection quantity, the collection and transportation work of the Asarum songoricum is divided into long-distance transportation and short-distance transportation, the short-distance transportation is carried out to a fishery technology promotion station in Jinghe county for collection and temporary rearing, and the long-distance transportation is carried out to a Xinjiang aquatic wild animal rescue center for artificial domestication; the original seeds are transported in long and short distance by packing the fry bags into packing cases, and the water temperature, water quality and dissolved oxygen are strictly controlled in the process of packing the fish;
3) temporary culture of stock
The fishing site conditions are severe, the quantity of the harvested and caught plants are different every day, and the collecting time is about half a month, so that a technical popularization station in the fishery industry of Jinghe county is selected as a temporary culture place; screening an optimal temporary rearing method through a test; according to the feeding property of the Asarum songoricum, the physique of original seeds is recovered as soon as possible, and the temporary culture effect is improved by adopting daily management methods of enhancing water quality, preventing diseases, preventing escape and the like by feeding favorite wheat ears and Huang \19522fishduring the temporary culture;
4) stock seed disinfection
The collecting of the protospecies of the Asarus songori is difficult to avoid losses of different degrees due to tools and human factors, and fish pathogenic factors such as parasites, saprolegnia and the like are often carried, so before temporary culture and artificial domestication, appropriate aquatic drugs are screened, disinfection and sterilization are carried out, and the infection and inflammation of the wound of the protospecies or the introduction of pathogenic microorganisms and the like are prevented;
5) domestication
Domestication of the Asarum songaricum is carried out in the rescue center of aquatic wild animals of the institute of aquatic science in Xinjiang, breeder parent fishes newly collected 2 days before domestication do not eat, favorite wheat ears and Huang (19522) fishes can be fed 2 days later, live baits are gradually reduced, and surimi feeding is increased; finally, gradually increasing high-protein feed in surimi, and finally domesticating wild Parasocharis soongaris to completely eat artificial pellet feed; the phenomenon of food robbery can occur after 1-2 months of artificial domestication;
6) parent intermittent rapid water flow stimulation method
When the Erascheri songori is transferred to a fresh water pond for domestication, in order to better promote the gonad development and maturation of the Erascheri songari, a parent intermittent rapid flowing water stimulation method is initiated; the method comprises the following steps of taking out parent fishes 10 months before the first year, putting the parent fishes into a canvas pool (4.5 m multiplied by 1.5m in length, width and height) of a workshop for temporary culture, and feeding floating feed with higher protein content when parents begin to feed in the middle ten days of the next year 3; then, the selection of gonad mature is placed into a canvas pool to be stimulated by circulating flowing water at the water temperature of 11-15 ℃, a 2-inch water pump is used, the flowing water stimulation is started for 2 times every day, each time is 2 hours, and the internal circulation water volume is controlled to be 8-15 m3/h；
7) Male and female discrimination
The male and female of the Parsongorian are not easy to identify when the physiological maturity is not reached, and the male and female fish which reach sexual maturity are easy to identify; the female fish reaching sexual maturity has round and smooth pectoral fin and is silvery; the scales from the upper edge of the ventral fin to the tail end of the tail fin appear a little but are not obvious; the genital pore is protruded outwards and reddish, the abdomen is expanded, the ovary contour becomes more obvious along with the development of sexual maturity of female fish, the softness of the ovary is increased, and eggs can flow out from the abdomen by lightly pressing the abdomen with good sexual maturity; the male fish reaching sexual maturity has elliptic and rough pectoral fin and red fin strip; more orange chasing stars appear on the scales from the upper edge of the ventral fin to the tail end of the tail fin, and gradually turn into light brown or brown along with the development of sexual maturity; the abdomen part close to the cloaca is thin and sharp to form an edge angle, and two obvious traces are arranged on two sides; the genital pore is narrow and concave, and semen can flow out under light pressure;
8) intensified prenatal cultivation of parent fish
In the early spring period, the parent fish starts to eat when the water temperature rises to 10 ℃, and in order to increase the prenatal intensified cultivation strength, the parent fish is fed with the high-protein feed three times every day until the water temperature reaches 16 ℃, and then the parent fish stops eating;
9) artificial hasten parturition
When the water temperature reaches above 16 ℃, a small amount of chasing stars appear on scales from the upper edges of the abdominal fins to the tail ends of the tail fins of the Parsongorian coioides, the gonads of female fishes mature, the abdomens are enlarged and soft, the reproductive pores are slightly red and swollen, and the hormone for fish spawning can be started; the hormone is universal fish hormone of Ningbo hormone II, including injectable luteinizing hormone releasing hormone A2 (LHRH-A2) and domperidone injection (diospyrone), and is injected from chest fin at base of chest fin, and dosage of male fish drug is reduced by half; through multiple comparative tests, it was determined that: LRH-A21 mu g/kg + DOM 1mg/kg, 0.7% NaCl normal saline is used as a solvent, and the optimal induction injection scheme is that 1 induction injection is performed every 24 hours;
10) artificial ovum picking and fertilization
When the laying phenomenon of female ascharles songorica is found, fishing out and checking, and when eggs flow out from the belly of the female ascharles songorica slightly squeezed, carrying out artificial egg picking and fertilization; in the operation process, the body surface water of the male and female parent fishes must be wiped clean, so that the fertilization rate is prevented from being influenced by the water body; the operation method comprises the steps of firstly wiping the body surfaces of female fishes, slightly extruding eggs into a clean white enamel basin, wiping the body surfaces of male fishes again, extruding seminal fluid, wherein the ratio of male fishes to female fishes is 1: 2; stirring the mixture for 2 to 3 minutes after the mixture is stirred evenly by feather; starting to generate viscosity 3 minutes after fertilization, adding clear water or other debonding liquid to rinse for 6-8 times of debonding, cleaning for 5 times after debonding, and standing for 5-8 minutes each time; finally, uniformly laying the fertilized eggs on an egg placing plate with meshes, wherein the distance between the egg placing plate and the bottom of the rectangular tank is 25-30 cm, and the mesh is 120 meshes so as to be beneficial to oxygen dissolving respiration of the fertilized eggs;
11) artificial hatching
Fertilized eggs need aeration and oxygenation in the egg laying plate of the rectangular groove, and are timely cleaned by utilizing a circulating hatching facility in the rectangular groove, wherein the water flow speed is 0.2 m.s-1(ii) a The water source is an aerated water tank; the early requirement of hatching water flow is weak, the metabolism capability of the larval fish after membrane rupture is enhanced, the oxygen consumption is promoted by the putrefaction of substances such as an empty egg membrane and the like, the empty egg membrane and dead eggs need to be cleaned regularly, the flowing speed is properly increased, the dissolved oxygen is kept at 9.0-9.5 mg/L, and the dissolved oxygen in water is ensured to meet the requirements of the fry; when a small amount of fry is discharged from the film, the water flow needs to be slowly reduced.
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