CN102657123A - Artificial propagation method for Thymallus arcticusgrubei Dybowski - Google Patents
Artificial propagation method for Thymallus arcticusgrubei Dybowski Download PDFInfo
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- CN102657123A CN102657123A CN2012101586603A CN201210158660A CN102657123A CN 102657123 A CN102657123 A CN 102657123A CN 2012101586603 A CN2012101586603 A CN 2012101586603A CN 201210158660 A CN201210158660 A CN 201210158660A CN 102657123 A CN102657123 A CN 102657123A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
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Abstract
The invention discloses an artificial propagation method for Thymallus arcticusgrubei Dybowski. The artificial propagation method comprises the following steps: 1) capturing and breeding wild parent fish; 2) identifying male and female parent fish; 3) performing artificial mature acceleration and spawning; 5) washing eggs by using an isotonic solution, and performing artificial insemination; 6) making fertilized eggs absorb water to expand, and hatching eyed eggs; 7) artificially removing dead eggs; and 8) hatching and making larval fish out of membranes. By the method, the egg release time is shortened by 8 to 10 days, and the method is applied t o the technical field of fishing.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the fishery technology field, relate to the artificial fecundation method of a kind of fish, the artificial fecundation method of particularly a kind of Heilungkiang grayling.
Background technology
Heilungkiang grayling (Thymallus arcticus grubei Dybowski) is commonly called as spot trout, red squama fish, fish China etc.; English name Amur grayling; Belonging to salmon shape order, grayling section, grayling genus, is the cold water fishes of a kind of typical mountain stream of northern cold temperate streams perch.Its delicious meat is the distinctive famous and precious edible fishes in Heilongjiang Province.Heilungkiang grayling individuality is less, and growth rate is slow relatively slightly and quantity is few, does not form certain amount of fishing.Along with growth in the living standard, transformation has taken place in people's consumption idea in recent years, and the Heilungkiang grayling becomes the famous-brand and high-quality aquatic products of consumers in general's favor gradually.Because the output in natural waters is very limited, is difficult to satisfy the growing market demand, local in addition fisherman is many to fish in the migration phase, and catching intensity is excessive, makes originally significantly to descend with regard to few stock number.In addition; Owing on the river, build reservoir and water conservancy projects; Changed the environment of laying eggs, ingest, survive the winter of Heilungkiang grayling; Its breeding and existence are also caused influence, made the Heilungkiang grayling become fish in imminent danger, be put into " Chinese animals on the brink of extinction Red Data Book fish " and " the rare famous and precious fish of China " register.Propagate artificially is protection and the most important approach of recovery endangered species resource.In order fully to develop these famous and precious indigenous fish, for the development of propagating artificially provides a large amount of seeds, simultaneously also for more effectively protecting the natural resources of Heilungkiang grayling, studying its technical method of artificial propagation becomes inevitable.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to for large-scale cultivation provides sufficient seed, and provides the artificial fecundation method of a kind of Heilungkiang grayling in order to protect the natural resources of Heilungkiang grayling.
Its technical scheme does
A kind of Heilungkiang grayling artificial fecundation method may further comprise the steps:
1) wild parent population is adopted and catches, cultivates
Parent population is adopted and catches in wave river, tributary, Mudanjiang.Parent population is raised and train cultivation in the pond of grit substrate, the fresh food fish of throwing something and feeding, and the water source is a cold spring flowing water;
2) male and female parent population sex is differentiated
According to Heilungkiang grayling nuptial coloration and gonopore form, the sex of difference maturing stage Heilungkiang grayling;
3) artificial repening, hasten parturition
Manual injection's hormone accelerates the ripening, hastens parturition, and promotes Heilungkiang grayling synchronous spawning, row smart, with step 2) the Heilungkiang grayling puts into spawning inducing pool, and used ocyodinic is human chorionic gonadtropin (HCG), maleic acid DOM (DOM+LRHA
2) and salmon gonadotropin releasing hormone analogues (S-GnRH-A).Ripe milter has tangible nuptial coloration, and its gonopore shows slightly microscler, and not red and swollen evagination has the milky seminal fluid during extruding belly and flows out; There is a little milky seminal fluid to flow out when pushing postabdomen near ripe male parent population; Ripe relatively poor male parent population nuptial coloration is not obvious, and belly is more nonelastic, does not have the milky seminal fluid to flow out during extruding.Ripe raun nuptial coloration is compared very unobviously with male, and its belly is protuberance slightly, and is soft and flexible, the gonopore subcircular, and red and swollen evagination is pressed with the sensation of touching the ovum grain with the have gentle hands flicking, and doing extruding slightly promptly has the outflow of ovum grain; Not obvious near adult female parent population nuptial coloration, the visible red and swollen evagination of gonopore gently presses postabdomen that soft feeling is arranged; Ripe relatively poor female parent population nuptial coloration is also not obvious, the not red and swollen evagination of gonopore, and belly does not have soft sensation.Ripe relatively poor parent population is accelerated the ripening earlier, hastens parturition again; Directly hasten parturition near mature brood fish; Mature brood fish need not hastened parturition.
4) ovum artificial collection, semen collection;
Adopt conventional method to implement ovum artificial collection, semen collection;
5) isotonic solution is washed ovum, artificial insemination
Wash ovum with the BSS isotonic solution, adopt the wet method of artificial fertilization;
6) fertilized egg imbibition, an eye hatching
Behind the artificial insemination 5min, fertilized egg is moved into rapidly in the hatching basket, and will hatch basket and be suspended in the middle part of the incubation tank; Make fertilized egg imbibition in flowing water of Heilungkiang grayling; And overflow unnecessary seminal fluid and ovum skin, behind the imbibition 1h, in former groove, change the incubation period over to;
7) the dead ovum of artificial rejecting
In hatching process, use homemade dead ovum to reject and press from both sides the ovum rejecting of checkmating, in order to avoid grow water mo(u)ld, influence other healthy ovum;
8) prelarva membrane hatching
When accumulated temperature reaches 110 ℃ of d, development of fertilized ova will be hatched basket and remove to being sent out eye during the phase, fertilized egg directly is tiled in place side by side in the groove, and flowing water is hatched to the whole ruptures of membranes of prelarva.
In the said method, the 1h before hastening parturition of oxytocic drug described in the step 3) prepares, and places 4 ℃ of refrigerators to preserve.
The consumption of oxytocic drug described in the step 3) is: human chorionic gonadtropin (HCG) 1250IU, maleic acid DOM (DOM+LRHA
2) 2.5mg, salmon gonadotropin releasing hormone analogues (S-GnRH-A) 12.5 μ g.
The injection site of oxytocic drug described in the step 3) is that Heilungkiang grayling dorsal fin base portion does not have the squama place.
The injecting method of oxytocic drug described in the step 3) is a biphasic injection, injection interval 36h.
The water velocity of spawning inducing pool described in the step 3) is 0.001-0.01m
3/ s.
The time of ecbolic effect described in the step 3) is 4-5 days.
Semen collection method described in the step 4) is: the artificial male parent population seminal fluid of 3-5 bar of gathering places same beaker, mixes placing 4 ℃ of environment subsequent use.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
(1) solved the acclimatization culture problem of wild Heilungkiang grayling parent population.
(2) the male and female discrimination method in Heilungkiang grayling parent population maturing stage has been proposed.
(3) opportunity of hastening parturition, oxytocic drug kind and consumption, injection site and the effect time of Heilungkiang grayling parent population have been confirmed, the influence of having avoided wrong injection ocyodinic that artificial propagation is caused.
(4) develop isotonic solution (BSS) and washed the Heilungkiang grayling artificial insemination method of ovum, wet method insemination.
Improved the method for directly hatching in the incubation tank, developed and hatched the Heilungkiang grayling hatching m that basket is suspended to miniflow water hatching in the incubation tank.
(5) simplify the operation sequence of fertilized egg hydrostatic imbibition 2.5h, developed imbibition and flowing water and hatch consecutive operation technique, avoided the hydrostatic imbibition to be prone to cause the danger of anoxic.
(6) develop in the hatching process the artificial operation sequence of rejecting dead ovum, avoided use medical treatment saprolegniasis and influence the fertilized egg hatching effect, make ovulation period shorten 8-10 days.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow sheet of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is used for the hatching basket of Heilungkiang grayling incubating oosperm for the present invention;
Fig. 3 is that dead ovum of the present invention is rejected folder.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention is done explanation in further detail.
With reference to Fig. 1, a kind of Heilungkiang grayling artificial fecundation method comprises the following steps:
Wild parent population is adopted and catches, cultivates
Wild parent population is adopted and catches in wave river, tributary, Mudanjiang, adopts altogether and catches female parent population 112 tails, male parent population 125 tails.After adopting the parent population caught and transporting back, be put in the pond and cultivate with the oxygenation of special-purpose transportation basket.The pond of wherein cultivating parent population is 3335m
2, grit substrate, water source are underground from gushing cold spring water, flow is 1.2m
3/ s, water temperature is 8-13 ℃, water quality is limpid pollution-free.Put wild fishes and the harmful organisms of removing in the pond all before the parent population in a suitable place to breed, in order to avoid strive food with Heilungkiang grayling parent population.Feed use of special carp pond cultivation seedlings and harvesting in natural waters Rockwell minnow and other small live bait fish in the broodstock stocking seven days after feeding.In whole cultivating process, note observing the forage fiss situation, when reducing, total amount in time adds, and forage fiss is more than 1.0 with parent population gross weight ratio in the maintenance pond.In spring in next year, the part parent population reaches the maturing stage, dam fish 72 tails wherein, and average weight 124.8 grams, male parent population 102 tails, average weight is 176.4 grams.
The male and female parent population is differentiated
Differentiate maturing stage Heilungkiang grayling male and female according to nuptial coloration, to confirm the ocyodinic using dosage.Heilungkiang grayling milter has tangible nuptial coloration, and dorsal fin is tall and big, and its base portion has 3～4 row pink colour spots to longitudinally form to the edge striped, edge have a brown striped; Pectoral fin is faint yellow; There is irregular little blackspot on the side, concentrates on the lateral line scales and the body front portion; 3～5 pale blue or peach stringer striped are arranged on the abdomeinal fin, and respectively there is a yellow cord belly both sides between pectoral fin to the abdomeinal fin; Ripe milter gonopore shows slightly microscler, not red and swollen evagination, and belly is flexible, has the milky seminal fluid during extruding and flows out; There is a little milky seminal fluid to flow out when pushing postabdomen near ripe male parent population; Ripe relatively poor male parent population nuptial coloration is not obvious, and belly is harder, does not have the milky seminal fluid to flow out during extruding.Ripe raun is compared nuptial coloration with milter very unobvious, and its belly is protuberance slightly, soft and flexible, and gonopore is near circular, and red and swollen evagination is pressed with the sensation of touching the ovum grain with the have gentle hands flicking, and doing extruding slightly promptly has the ovum grain to flow out; Not obvious near adult female parent population nuptial coloration, the visible red and swollen evagination of gonopore gently presses preabdomen hard and postabdomen has soft feeling; Ripe relatively poor female parent population nuptial coloration is also not obvious, and the red and swollen evagination of gonopore is not obvious, and belly is more nonelastic.
Artificial repening, hasten parturition
In order Heilungkiang grayling parent population to be reached synchronously, to concentrate the purpose of laying eggs, inject ocyodinic and accelerate the ripening, hasten parturition.Used is human chorionic gonadtropin (HCG), maleic acid DOM (DOM+LRHA
2) and salmon gonadotropin releasing hormone analogues (S-GnRH-A).2.5 milligrams of DOM+LRH-A of the every kg body weight injection of female Heilungkiang grayling
2, 1250 international unit HCG and 12.5 microgram S-GnRH-A the mixing ocyodinic, milter dosage reduces by half.Ripe relatively poor parent population is adopted the method for biphasic injection, and the injection site does not have the squama place for the dorsal fin base portion.Inject for the first time 20% of accumulated dose, 36-48h injects for the second time at interval, and ID is 80% of an accumulated dose.Adopt shot method near mature brood fish, ID is 80% of an accumulated dose.Under 7.5 ℃ of conditions of water temperature, the effect time that the prematurity parent population is hastened parturition is 100～160 hours (average out to 140 hours), and most parent populations are free fully at the back 140 hours ovum of hastening parturition.
Ovum artificial collection, semen collection, isotonic solution are washed ovum, artificial insemination
Ovum artificial collection, semen collection, artificial insemination.Healthy preferably female, the male parent population of selective maturation (gently pressing belly to have mature egg grain or milky seminal fluid to discharge) towels off the water on the fish body and operator's water on hand dried, adopts and squeezes the abdomen method and adopt ovum, semen collection.Inspection sperm viability before the insemination, healthy, energetic sperm can use.Every group of ovum is with the mixed sperm insemination of the above milter of 3 tails.Artificial insemination is carried out at the lucifuge place, adopts the wet method insemination.Adopt isotonic solution (BSS) to wash ovum before the insemination, consumption is that per 2000 fish-eggs are with 400 milliliters of BSS.After washing ovum isotonic solution is slowly poured out, poured into a small amount of clean isotonic solution again, seminal fluid is dripped in wherein, stir with hand or feather rapidly, make smart ovum fully mix fertilization.
During ovum artificial collection, materials such as the ight soil of damaged ovum overflow, ovum skin and fish in the fish abdominal cavity, urine can be sneaked in the ovum in the lump, and these materials can influence sperm viability and fertilization rate; In addition, fish-egg receives the protection of peritoneal fluid in the abdominal cavity time, is exposed in the air and can causes damage to healthy fish-egg after squeeze-up is outer.(BSS) washes ovum with isotonic solution, both can protect ovum effectively, can clean the impurity in the ovum again, thereby avoided the influence of impurity to sperm viability, improved fertilization rate.
Fertilized egg imbibition, an eye hatching
After fertilized egg is left standstill 5min, fertilized egg is moved into rapidly in the hatching basket 5, make ovum be paved with one deck uniformly in hatching basket bottom; To hatch basket afterwards is suspended in the middle of the incubation tank; Only suspend a hatching basket in each incubation tank in midair, make ovum imbibition in the spring that flows, the flow velocity of water is controlled at 0.001m
3About/s.Behind the 1h, the imbibition process finishes, and former groove changes the incubation period over to.
As shown in Figure 2, the framework of hatching basket 5 is bamboo, and long 35 centimetres, wide 30 centimetres, 15 mesh sieve thin,tough silk are fixed in the bottom.Incubation tank 4 is the fiberglass material, and is long 50 centimetres, wide 45 centimetres, high 40 centimetres.Inboard upwards respectively have four hooks successively since 4 base angles, with fixing hatching basket 5.Elastic threads 6 one ends connect hatching basket 5 bottoms, and an end connects metal hanger 7, can with the need hatching basket 5 be fixed in different depth in the water body.Metal hanger 7 connects incubation tank hook 8.Incubation tank hook 8 is the fiberglass material, is fixed on the incubation tank 4, connects metal hanger 7.Nylon rope 9 one ends connect hatching basket 5 tops, and an end connects incubation tank 4 tops, play the effect of fixing hatching basket 5.
The hatching pattern that adopts the hatching basket to be suspended in the incubation tank has promptly avoided local anoxic to cause the danger of fertilized egg death by suffocation, has avoided again owing to incubation tank bottom blasthole current impulsion fertilized egg causes the large quantities of death of fish-egg.
The dead ovum of artificial rejecting between the incubation period.Dead ovum turns white, and is very big with the fertilized egg difference of normal development.Used tool is that homemade dead ovum is rejected folder.It is that two bamboo chips 1 are processed the tweezers shape that dead ovum as shown in Figure 3 is rejected folder, and the thickness of bamboo chip is the 2-3 millimeter, and length is 15-20 centimetre, and surface finish is smooth, and the junction, top is whittled into the inclined-plane, and alignment connects, and fixes with seccotine.Each makes a call to an aperture at the middle part of two bamboo chips 1, and length is no more than the spring 2 of 2 millimeters of 1.5 centimetres, diameter, is fixed on the bamboo chip through hook.Fixing respectively endways again becket 3 of processing with thin copper wire, becket 3 diameters are 1.8 millimeters.Avoid the light direct projection when picking up the ovum operation as far as possible, also try not to run into the normal development fertilized egg of periphery.Artificial reject dead ovum and avoided water mo(u)ld to grow, the danger of infringement normal development fertilized egg has also been avoided using the medical treatment water mo(u)ld and the normal development that influences fertilized egg.
The hatching of prelarva membrane;
Reach 110 ℃ of d at accumulated temperature, development of fertilized ova is to sending out eye during the phase, and fertilized egg is insensitive to external vibration; Can be not dead because of being moved; Therefore will hatch and basket remove, and wherein fertilized egg directly will be tiled in uniformly place side by side in the groove, flowing water is hatched to the whole ruptures of membranes of prelarva.
Method test parent population according to the invention described above: female parent population 72 tails, male parent population 102 tails.
Be divided into 3 groups, every group of each 24 tail raun, 34 tail milters.
First group of effect of hastening parturition: raun 18 tails of hastening parturition, milter 33 tails of hastening parturition.Spawning rate is respectively 75%, 97%.
Second group of effect of hastening parturition: raun 21 tails of hastening parturition, milter 32 tails of hastening parturition.Spawning rate is respectively 88%, 94%.
The 3rd group of effect of hastening parturition: raun 19 tails of hastening parturition, milter 30 tails of hastening parturition.Spawning rate is respectively 79%, 85%.
The raun The mean spawning rate is 80.6%, and the milter spawning rate is 93.1%.
3 groups of parent populations of method test according to the invention described above
Be divided into 3 experimental group, each 24 tail raun of every experimental group, 34 tail milters.
First group: the ovum fertilization rate has reached 81%, and hatchability of fertile eggs reaches 83%;
Second group: the ovum fertilization rate has reached 94%, and hatchability of fertile eggs reaches 72%;
The 3rd group: the ovum fertilization rate has reached 95%, and hatchability of fertile eggs reaches 85%.
The above; Be merely the preferable embodiment of the present invention; Protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto; Any technical staff who is familiar with the present technique field is in the technical scope that the present invention discloses, and the simple change of the technical scheme that obtains or equivalence replacement all fall in protection scope of the present invention with may be obvious that.
Claims (8)
1. a Heilungkiang grayling artificial fecundation method is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
1) wild parent population is adopted and catches, cultivates
Parent population is adopted and catches in wave river, tributary, Mudanjiang, and parent population is cultivated in water bottom has the pond of grit, and the water source, pond is a cold spring flowing water;
2) the male and female parent population is differentiated
Male and female according to Heilungkiang nuptial coloration and gonopore form difference maturing stage Heilungkiang grayling;
3) artificial repening, hasten parturition
With step 2) the Heilungkiang grayling puts into spawning inducing pool, and used ocyodinic is human chorionic gonadtropin (HCG), maleic acid DOM (DOM+LRHA
2) and salmon gonadotropin releasing hormone analogues (S-GnRH-A);
4) ovum artificial collection, semen collection;
5) isotonic solution is washed ovum, artificial insemination
Wash ovum with the BSS isotonic solution, adopt the wet method of artificial fertilization;
6) fertilized egg imbibition, an eye hatching
Behind the artificial insemination 5min, fertilized egg is moved into rapidly in the hatching basket, and will hatch basket and be suspended in the middle part of the incubation tank; Make fertilized egg imbibition in flowing water of Heilungkiang grayling; And overflow unnecessary seminal fluid and ovum skin, behind the imbibition 1h, in former groove, change the incubation period over to;
7) the dead ovum of artificial rejecting
In hatching process, use dead ovum to reject and press from both sides the ovum rejecting of checkmating;
8) prelarva membrane hatching
When accumulated temperature reaches 110 ℃ of d, development of fertilized ova will be hatched basket and remove to being sent out eye during the phase, fertilized egg directly is tiled in place side by side in the groove, and flowing water is hatched to the whole ruptures of membranes of prelarva.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the 1h before hastening parturition of oxytocic drug described in the step 3) prepares, and places 4 ℃ of refrigerators to preserve.
3. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the consumption of oxytocic drug described in the step 3) is: human chorionic gonadtropin (HCG) 800IU, maleic acid DOM (DOM+LRHA
2) 1.6mg, salmon gonadotropin releasing hormone analogues (S-GnRH-A) 8 μ g.
4. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the injection site of oxytocic drug described in the step 3) is that Heilungkiang grayling dorsal fin base portion does not have the squama place.
5. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the injecting method of oxytocic drug described in the step 3) is a biphasic injection, injection interval 36h.
6. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the water velocity of spawning inducing pool described in the step 3) is 0.001-0.01m
3/ s.
7. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the time of ecbolic effect described in the step 3) is 5 days.
8. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the semen collection method described in the step 4) is: the artificial male parent population seminal fluid of 3-5 bar of gathering places same beaker, mixes placing 4 ℃ of environment subsequent use.
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| CN103109766A (en) * | 2013-02-25 | 2013-05-22 | 中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所 | Method for outdoor fishing, transporting and temporarily rearing before artificial reproduction of salmons |
| CN112535138A (en) * | 2020-11-18 | 2021-03-23 | 浙江省海洋水产研究所 | Sebastes bastes seed seedling raising device |
| CN112535139A (en) * | 2020-11-18 | 2021-03-23 | 浙江省海洋水产研究所 | Sebastes bastes birth seed seedling device |
| CN114982678A (en) * | 2022-07-21 | 2022-09-02 | 新疆额河生态养殖科技有限公司 | Artificial breeding operating system for fennel fish |
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| CN103109766A (en) * | 2013-02-25 | 2013-05-22 | 中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所 | Method for outdoor fishing, transporting and temporarily rearing before artificial reproduction of salmons |
| CN112535138A (en) * | 2020-11-18 | 2021-03-23 | 浙江省海洋水产研究所 | Sebastes bastes seed seedling raising device |
| CN112535139A (en) * | 2020-11-18 | 2021-03-23 | 浙江省海洋水产研究所 | Sebastes bastes birth seed seedling device |
| CN114982678A (en) * | 2022-07-21 | 2022-09-02 | 新疆额河生态养殖科技有限公司 | Artificial breeding operating system for fennel fish |
| CN114982678B (en) * | 2022-07-21 | 2024-02-23 | 新疆额河生态养殖科技有限公司 | Artificial breeding operation method for arctic fennel |
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Application publication date: 20120912 |