CN101066046B - Curled-lip mandarin fish and spot and spotted mandarin fish hybridizing propagation process - Google Patents
Curled-lip mandarin fish and spot and spotted mandarin fish hybridizing propagation process Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种翘嘴鳜与斑鳜的杂交繁殖方法，它包括下列步骤：一、挑选翘嘴鳜作母本亲鱼和斑鳜作父本亲鱼并进行强化培育；二、采取注射外源激素促熟催产、流水刺激促产、人工干法授精和孵化过程精心管理等技术措施，使亲鱼的催产率达80％以上，受精率达83.5％，孵化率达89％；三、杂交苗种采用分阶段培育和饵料鱼选择、投喂和杂交鱼苗由摄食活鱼转为非活鱼的食性转化培养，使杂交鱼苗成活率达60％。本发明成功地提供了翘嘴鳜和斑鳜的杂交育种方法，为高档淡水水产养殖业培育出了一种肉质味道、抗病能力优于翘嘴鳜而生长速度快于斑鳜、能摄食非活鱼的经济性状好、便于人工规模养殖的杂交鳜鱼新品种。A crossbreeding method for mandarin fish with cocked mouth and mandarin mandarin fish, which comprises the following steps: 1. Select mandarin mandarin fish with cocked mouth as the parent fish and mandarin mandarin mandarin fish as the male parent and carry out intensive cultivation; , water stimulation to promote production, artificial dry insemination and careful management of the hatching process and other technical measures, the induced birth rate of broodstock reached over 80%, the fertilization rate reached 83.5%, and the hatching rate reached 89%; 3. The hybrid seedlings are cultivated in stages And bait fish selection, feeding and feeding of hybrid fry from live fish to non-live fish feed conversion culture, so that the survival rate of hybrid fry can reach 60%. The present invention successfully provides a crossbreeding method for Siniperca chinense and Siniperca chinensis, and has bred a kind of succulent flavor for high-grade freshwater aquaculture industry. It is a new species of hybrid mandarin fish that has good economic properties and is convenient for artificial large-scale breeding.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于鱼类养殖技术领域，特别是涉及翘嘴鳜和斑鳜的杂交育种方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of fish breeding, and in particular relates to a hybrid breeding method of mandarin mandarin fish and mandarin mandarin fish.
背景技术Background technique
翘嘴鳜(Siniperca chuatsi)和斑鳜(Siniperca scherzeri)同属鲈形目，
根据杂交的生物学特性，若将翘嘴鳜与斑鳜进行杂交，使遗传基因重新组合，经定向培育，可望获得具备亲本双方优良性状或产生亲本所没有的新的优良性状的杂交种，即可望得到能摄食非活鱼、抗病性好、生长速度快且肉质好的杂交鳜鱼养殖新品种。然而，至今尚未见有关翘嘴鳜与斑鳜杂交育种方面的技术报道。According to the biological characteristics of hybridization, if the Siniperca sinensis is crossed with the Siniperca mandarinus, the genetic genes are recombined, and through directional cultivation, it is expected to obtain hybrids that have the excellent traits of both parents or produce new excellent traits that the parents do not have. That is, it is expected to obtain a new breed of hybrid mandarin fish that can feed on non-live fish, has good disease resistance, fast growth and good meat quality. However, there is no technical report on the cross-breeding of mandarin mandarin fish and mandarin mandarin fish.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的，是为发展高档淡水水产养殖业，培育鳜鱼养殖优良新品种，以降低鳜鱼养殖成本、提高养殖产量和质量，而提供一种经济有效的翘嘴鳜和斑鳜的杂交繁殖方法。The purpose of the present invention is to develop high-grade freshwater aquaculture industry, to cultivate new fine varieties of mandarin fish, to reduce the cost of mandarin fish culture, to improve the yield and quality of culture, and to provide a kind of economical and effective crossbreeding Breeding method.
本发明方法的技术方案包括下列步骤：The technical scheme of the inventive method comprises the following steps:
1，亲鱼培育，在繁育前一年秋季，选用2足龄、体重1Kg以上的健壮翘嘴鳜作杂交母本，杂交父本则选用2足龄、体重0.5Kg以上的斑鳜，将它们分别放在不同网箱或池塘中进行强化培育，培育期间的饲料，翘嘴鳜喂适口的活鱼，斑鳜可用活鱼或鱼块。开春后用流水刺激，促使性腺正常成熟，但到4月中旬后停止流水刺激。1. Breeding of broodstock. In the autumn of the year before the breeding, select the robust cock-billed mandarin fish of 2 full age and weighing more than 1Kg as the hybrid female parent, and select the 2-full age and weighing more than 0.5Kg as the hybrid male parent. Put them in different net cages or ponds for intensive cultivation. For the feed during the cultivation period, feed palatable live fish to the mandarin fish, and live fish or fish pieces can be used to feed the mandarin fish. Stimulate with running water after the beginning of spring to promote normal maturation of gonads, but stop running water stimulation after mid-April.
2、杂交方法2. Hybridization method
①、人工催产与授精，当亲鱼养殖水体水温达到22℃时，开始对亲鱼注射外源激素，外源激素可采用促黄体素释放激素类似物(LRH-A)、绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)和马来酸地欧酮(DOM)中的一种或多种，雄鱼注射量为雌鱼的50％，一般成熟度好的亲鱼可一次注射，否则可分二次注射，二次注射时两针的间隔为12小时。注射后将父本斑鳜与母本翘嘴鳜放在同一网箱内用流速0.1-0.2m/s的水流刺激促使发情、排卵。注射激素24小时后，开始检查，当轻压翘嘴鳜腹部有卵流出时，将翘嘴鳜与斑鳜分开，进行干法人工授精。①. Artificial oxytocin and insemination. When the water temperature of the broodstock breeding water reaches 22°C, inject exogenous hormones to the broodstock. The exogenous hormones can be luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue (LRH-A), chorionic gonadotropin (HCG ) and dioconone maleate (DOM), the injection volume of male fish is 50% of that of female fish. Generally, broodstock with good maturity can be injected once, otherwise it can be divided into two injections. The interval between the two hour hands is 12 hours. After the injection, the male parent and the female parent are placed in the same net cage to stimulate estrus and ovulation with a flow rate of 0.1-0.2 m/s. 24 hours after the injection of the hormone, start the inspection. When the eggs flow out from the abdomen of the mandarin mandarin fish by light pressure, the mandarin mandarin mandarin fish will be separated from the mandarin mandarin fish by dry method for artificial insemination.
②、孵化管理，孵化期间确保水质清新，水流通畅，控制好孵化环道的进水量，以使胚胎发育期间的卵能全部翻动但不剧烈翻动，杂交鱼苗出膜前后适当加大水流速，一般控制为0.45m/s，并及时清除环道或孵化缸中的卵膜，鱼苗能平游时降低环道或孵化缸内水流速，可控制为0.25m/s。②. Incubation management. During the incubation period, ensure that the water quality is fresh and the water flow is smooth. Control the water intake of the incubation circuit so that all eggs during embryonic development can be turned but not violently. The control is 0.45m/s, and the egg film in the ring or hatching tank is removed in time. When the fry can swim horizontally, the water flow rate in the ring or hatching tank can be reduced, which can be controlled to 0.25m/s.
3、杂交鱼苗培育3. Hybrid fry cultivation
①、体长小于20mm阶段的培育①. Cultivation at the stage of body length less than 20mm
a、培育方式，在环道或微流水的水泥池中进行培育，密度控制在1.5万尾/m3以内，流速控制在0.1m/s左右。a. Cultivation method: Cultivate in a ring road or a cement pool with micro-flow water. The density is controlled within 15,000 tails/m 3 and the flow rate is controlled at about 0.1m/s.
b、饵料投喂，整个培育过程投喂适口家鱼鱼苗，随着杂交鳜鱼苗的长大，饵料鱼苗亦相应增大，一般控制饵料鱼苗的体长为杂交鳜鱼鱼苗体长的60％左右。饵料鱼每天投喂一次，在开食后的6天内每日的投喂量为饵料鱼/杂交鳜鱼苗＝5～6，以后逐渐增加，使日投喂量为饵料鱼/杂交鳜鱼苗＝8～10。b. Feed and feed. During the whole cultivation process, feed suitable housefish fry. As the hybrid mandarin fish fry grow up, the bait fry also increases accordingly. Generally, the body length of the bait fry is controlled to be about 60% of the hybrid mandarin fish fry. . The bait fish is fed once a day, and the daily feeding amount is bait fish/hybrid mandarin fish fry = 5-6 within 6 days after feeding, and gradually increases thereafter so that the daily feeding amount is bait fish/hybrid mandarin fish fry = 8 ~10.
c、消毒防病，定期在杂交鳜鱼苗吃完饵料鱼后，用兜网捞起杂交鳜鱼苗放入浓度为3-5％的食盐水中浸泡5-10分钟，然后放回培育池。C, disinfection and disease prevention, after the hybrid mandarin fish fry have eaten the bait fish on a regular basis, pick up the hybrid mandarin fish fry with a pocket net and put it into a concentration of 3-5% salt water to soak for 5-10 minutes, then put back into the cultivation pond.
②、体长20mm-50mm阶段的培育②. Cultivation at the stage of body length 20mm-50mm
a、采用池塘静水培育的方式，杂交鳜鱼苗的放养密度在2万尾/亩左右，水深1.5m左右，池底淤泥厚度小于15cm，进排水方便。a. Adopt the method of still water cultivation in ponds. The stocking density of hybrid mandarin fish fry is about 20,000 fish/mu, the water depth is about 1.5m, and the thickness of silt at the bottom of the pond is less than 15cm, which is convenient for water intake and drainage.
b、饵料投喂，饵料鱼由专塘培育，控制好生长速度，投喂饵料鱼的体长为杂交鳜鱼体长的50～60％左右。杂交鳜鱼苗下塘时每亩投放饵料鱼30万尾左右，以后保持池塘中饵料鱼的量为杂交鳜鱼苗量的5倍以上。b. The bait is fed. The bait fish is cultivated in a special pond, and the growth rate is controlled. The body length of the bait fish is about 50% to 60% of the hybrid mandarin fish. When the hybrid mandarin fish fry are put into the pond, about 300,000 bait fish are put in per mu, and the amount of bait fish in the pond will be kept at more than 5 times the amount of the hybrid mandarin fish fry.
c、水质控制，杂交鳜鱼下塘前对池塘彻底消毒后，灌注外河清水，培育期间，每隔3天池塘换水30cm左右，每隔5天用0.8～1.0ppm的硫酸铜全池泼洒一次。缺氧时及时开启增氧设施。c. Water quality control. After the hybrid mandarin fish is thoroughly disinfected before entering the pond, pour clean water from the outer river. During the cultivation period, change the pond water by about 30cm every 3 days, and sprinkle the whole pond with 0.8-1.0ppm copper sulfate every 5 days. once. When there is hypoxia, the oxygenation facilities should be turned on in time.
4、食性转化4. Diet transformation
当杂交鳜鱼苗长至体长50mm时进行食性转化，先将杂交鳜鱼苗用密网拦在池塘一角100-150m2的区域内，在每天的清晨和傍晚先用水勺向水面泼水，再抛撒饵料鱼，刚开始时，在投喂的活饵中掺入10-20％的刚死的新鲜乌仔，以后逐渐增加死乌仔的比例，直至全部用死鱼或鱼块投喂。约4-7天完成食性转化，随后即可进入成鱼养殖。When the hybrid mandarin fish fry grow to a body length of 50mm, the food habits will be transformed. First, the hybrid mandarin fish fry will be blocked in an area of 100-150m 2 in the corner of the pond with a dense net. In the early morning and evening of every day, water is first splashed on the water surface with a spoon, and then the bait is thrown For fish, at the beginning, add 10-20% fresh dead crows to the live bait, and then gradually increase the proportion of dead crows until all of them are fed with dead fish or fish pieces. It takes about 4-7 days to complete the food conversion, and then it can enter adult fish farming.
本发明的有益效果是：采取注射外源激素促熟催产、流水刺激促产、人工干法杂交授精和孵化过程精心管理等技术措施，使亲鱼的催产率达80％以上，杂交受精率达83.5％，孵化率达89％；三、杂交苗种采用分阶段培育和饵料鱼选择、投喂和杂交鱼苗由摄食活鱼转为非活鱼的食性转化培养，使杂交鱼苗成活率达60％。本发明成功地提供了翘嘴鳜和斑鳜的杂交育种方法，为高档淡水水产养殖业培育出了一种肉质味道、抗病能力优于翘嘴鳜而生长速度快于斑鳜、能摄食非活鱼的经济性状好、便于人工规模养殖的杂交鳜鱼新品种。The beneficial effects of the present invention are: adopting technical measures such as injection of exogenous hormones to promote ripening and labor, flowing water to stimulate labor, artificial dry hybridization and insemination, and careful management of the hatching process, so that the induced labor rate of broodstock can reach more than 80%, and the hybrid fertilization rate can reach 83.5% %, the hatching rate reaches 89%; 3. The hybrid seedlings are cultivated in stages and bait fish selection, feeding, and hybrid fry are transformed from feeding live fish to non-live fish, so that the survival rate of hybrid fry reaches 60%. The present invention successfully provides a crossbreeding method for Siniperca chinense and Siniperca chinensis, and has bred a kind of succulent flavor for high-grade freshwater aquaculture industry. It is a new species of hybrid mandarin fish that has good economic properties and is convenient for artificial large-scale breeding.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面以实施例对本发明作进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below with embodiment.
翘嘴鳜与斑鳜的杂交繁殖方法，包括下列步骤：The crossbreeding method of cocked mandarin fish and spotted mandarin fish comprises the following steps:
1、亲鱼培育1. Breeding of broodstock
本实施例所用亲鱼在繁育前一年的秋季收集，母本翘嘴鳜来自人工养殖池塘，2龄，体重1.0～1.3Kg/尾，父本斑鳜取自水库的野生群体，鱼龄2龄、体重0.5～0.8Kg/尾。翘嘴鳜和斑鳜的亲鱼分别放在4×3×2m3的网箱内培育，培育期间，翘嘴鳜投喂适口的小鲫鱼，斑鳜投喂适口的小鲫鱼或鱼块。繁殖当年的2月1日至4月15日，每天用微型泵冲水3小时，使网箱水处于微流状态。The broodstock used in this embodiment was collected in the autumn of the year before the breeding. The female parent of the mandarin fish is from the artificial culture pond, 2 years old, with a body weight of 1.0～1.3Kg/tail, and the male parent of the mandarin fish is taken from the wild population of the reservoir, and the age of the fish is 2 years old. , Weight 0.5 ~ 0.8Kg / tail. The parent fishes of Siniperca sinensis and Siniperca sinensis were cultured in 4×3×2m 3 net cages respectively. During the cultivation period, Siniperca sinensis were fed with palatable small crucian carp, and Siniperca sinensis were fed with palatable small crucian carp or fish pieces. From February 1st to April 15th of the breeding year, the water was flushed with a micro pump for 3 hours every day, so that the cage water was in a micro-flow state.
2、杂交方法2. Hybridization method
①、人工催产与授精① Artificial induced labor and insemination
a、亲鱼挑选，母本亲鱼挑选生殖孔呈红色、腹部膨大、柔软、仰腹时中间下凹的健壮翘嘴鳜，父本亲鱼挑选生殖孔呈淡色、轻挤腹部有白色精液流出、遇水即散的健壮斑鳜，父、母本亲鱼比为1∶2～3。a. Parent fish selection, the female parent fish selects the strong and slender mandarin fish with red genital pores, swollen and soft abdomen, and concave in the middle when the abdomen is raised up, and the male parent fish selects the genital pores with light color, lightly squeezed abdomen, white semen flows out, and water That is to say, the scattered healthy mandarin mandarin fish has a parent-fish ratio of 1:2-3.
b、人工催产与授精的时间，主要依水温而定，催产时的水温要达到22℃，催产后7天内的水温保持在22～24℃。不同水温变化趋势与杂交鳜鱼苗“开食”和成活率的关系见下表1所示。b. The time of artificial induced labor and insemination mainly depends on the water temperature. The water temperature should reach 22°C during induced labor, and the water temperature should be kept at 22-24°C within 7 days after induced labor. The relationship between the changing trend of different water temperatures and the "eating" and survival rate of hybrid mandarin fish fry is shown in Table 1 below.
表1 促产后水温变化对鳜鱼苗“出膜”、“开食”的影响Table 1 Effects of water temperature changes after birth promotion on "film emergence" and "eating" of mandarin fish fry
由表1可知，促产后的水温变化，对鳜鱼的出膜、开食及成活率有较大的影响，水温处于上升趋势时，鳜鱼“出膜”、“开食”整齐，成活率高。It can be seen from Table 1 that the change of water temperature after birth promotion has a great influence on the emergence, feeding and survival rate of mandarin fish. high.
c、人工催产与授精，采用人工注射外源激素催产，促使性腺成熟、排卵，进行人工干法授精，受精卵在环道中孵化的方法。因亲鱼成熟度较好，本实施例采用一次注射，先注射父本斑鳜，2小时后再注射母本翘嘴鳜，注射后将父、母亲本放在同一网箱内用流速0.1-0.2m/s的水流刺激，促使发情、排卵。注射激素24小时后，开始检查，每隔1小时检查一次，当轻压雌鱼腹部有卵流出时，将雌雄鱼分开，进行干法授精。先捞起雄鱼，擦干生殖孔，用干燥的10ml针筒抽取精液，再起捕雌鱼，擦干生殖孔后将卵挤在容器内，并立即滴入精液，经充分搅拌后将卵与精液倒入盛水的脸盆中，搅动脸盆中的水，激活精子，使鱼卵受精。受精后的卵放入环道内孵化。c. Artificial oxytocin and insemination, using artificial injection of exogenous hormones to induce oxytocin to promote gonad maturation and ovulation, artificial dry insemination, and fertilized eggs hatched in the ring. Because the maturity of the parent fish is better, this embodiment adopts one injection, first inject the male parent mandarin fish, and then inject the female parent mandarin fish 2 hours later. After the injection, put the father and mother in the same net cage with a flow rate of 0.1-0. The m/s water flow stimulates estrus and ovulation. After 24 hours of hormone injection, start to check, check once every 1 hour, when lightly pressing the abdomen of the female fish and eggs flow out, separate the male and female fish for dry insemination. First pick up the male fish, dry the genital opening, extract the semen with a dry 10ml syringe, then catch the female fish, dry the genital opening, squeeze the eggs into the container, and immediately drop the semen, and mix the eggs and The semen is poured into the washbasin filled with water, and the water in the washbasin is stirred to activate the sperm and fertilize the fish eggs. Fertilized eggs are placed in the ring to hatch.
d、催产激素剂种与剂量d. Type and dosage of oxytocin
采用促黄体素释放激素类似物(LRH-A)、绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)、马来酸地欧酮 (DOM)激素中的多种配伍进行催产效果对比，确定催产效果较好的激素剂种和剂量。试验情况如下表。Using luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analog (LRH-A), chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), and dioconone maleate (DOM) hormones to compare the effects of oxytocin, and determine the hormone with better oxytocin effect Dosage and dosage. The test conditions are shown in the table below.
表2 不同剂种、剂量的激素催产效果对比表Table 2 Comparison table of the effects of different doses and doses of hormones on oxytocin
由表2可知，四种不同的激素配伍对催产率没有明显影响，加入DOM后，不会增加鳜鱼的产卵率，所以，可采用促黄体素释放激素类似物LRH-A与HCG的混合激素，雌鱼剂量为LRH-A10～15μg+HCG 1500～1800I/Kg鱼体重，雄鱼剂量减半。It can be seen from Table 2 that the compatibility of four different hormones has no obvious effect on the induced labor rate. After adding DOM, the spawning rate of mandarin fish will not be increased. Therefore, the mixture of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analogue LRH-A and HCG can be used. Hormone, the dose of female fish is LRH-A10～15μg+HCG 1500～1800I/Kg fish body weight, and the dose of male fish is halved.
②、孵化管理②. Incubation management
杂交受精鱼卵在直径5m、水深1m的圆形环道内孵化，孵化水为经80目密网布过滤的外河水，通过进水阀门，控制好孵化环道的进水量，以使胚胎发育期间的卵能全部翻动但翻动不能太剧烈，出膜前后适当加大水流速，控制在0.45m/s左右，鱼苗能平游时要降低环道流速，控制在0.25m/s左右。The hybrid fertilized fish eggs are hatched in a circular ring with a diameter of 5m and a water depth of 1m. The hatching water is the outer river water filtered through an 80-mesh dense mesh cloth. All the eggs can be flipped, but the flipping should not be too violent. Properly increase the water flow rate before and after the membrane, and control it at about 0.45m/s.
3、杂交鱼苗培育3. Hybrid fry cultivation
①、体长小于20mm阶段的培育①. Cultivation at the stage of body length less than 20mm
本实施例在12m3的圆形环道内放刚出膜的鳜鱼苗10万尾，环道流速控制在0.1m/s左右。杂交鳜鱼苗出膜第4天，用刚出膜的团头鲂鱼苗“开食”，并连续3天投喂团头鲂鱼苗，开食的第4-6天投喂刚出膜的草鱼和鲢鳙鱼鱼苗，第7天起投喂腰点出齐的草鱼和鲢鳙鱼鱼苗。随着鳜鱼苗的长大，饵料鱼苗亦相应增大，饵料鱼的体长一般控制在杂交鳜鱼苗体长的60％左右。饵料鱼每天投喂一次，投喂量根据天气和鳜鱼摄食情况而定，在开食后的6天内每日的投喂量为饵料鱼/杂交鳜鱼苗＝5～6，以后逐渐增加，使日投喂量为饵料鱼/杂交鳜鱼苗＝8～10。The present embodiment puts 100,000 tails of mandarin fish fry that have just come out of the film in a circular ring of 12 m, and the flow velocity of the ring is controlled at about 0.1m/s. On the 4th day after the emergence of hybrid mandarin fish fry, the freshly hatched bream fry were "started" and fed for 3 consecutive days. On the 4th to 6th day of the start of feeding, the grass carp and For silver carp and bighead carp fry, start feeding grass carp and silver carp and bighead carp fry with waist points from the 7th day. As the mandarin fish fry grow up, the bait fish fry also increases accordingly, and the body length of the bait fish is generally controlled at about 60% of the body length of the hybrid mandarin fish fry. The bait fish was fed once a day, and the amount of feeding was determined according to the weather and feeding conditions of mandarin fish. The daily feeding amount was bait fish/hybrid mandarin fish fry = 5-6 within 6 days after the start of feeding, and gradually increased thereafter. The daily feeding amount is bait fish/hybrid mandarin fish fry = 8-10.
杂交鳜鱼苗开食6天后进行第一次消毒，消毒在饵料鱼吃完后进行，用兜网捞起鳜鱼苗，在浓度为4％的食盐水中浸泡10分钟后放回环道。以后如发现鳜鱼吃食减少或浮在水面、行动迟缓时，及时进行消毒或对水体增氧。The hybrid mandarin fish fries are sterilized for the first time after 6 days of eating, and the disinfection is carried out after the bait fish are eaten. The mandarin fish fry are picked up with a net, soaked in 4% salt water for 10 minutes, and then put back into the loop. In the future, if it is found that the mandarin fish eats less, or floats on the water surface, and moves slowly, it should be disinfected in time or the water body should be oxygenated.
②、体长20mm-50mm阶段的培育②. Cultivation at the stage of body length 20mm-50mm
本实施例的培育在面积3亩、水深1.5m的长方形池塘中进行，放养平均体长22mm的杂交鳜鱼苗6.5万尾。在杂交鳜鱼苗下塘的前一天，塘中放入体长12mm的草鱼乌仔70万尾作为杂交鳜鱼苗饵料，以后根据塘中饵料鱼的数量及时补充。池塘内装一微型水泵，每天冲水4小时，每隔3天换水30cm左右。在杂交鳜鱼苗下塘的第7天用1.0ppm的硫酸铜全池泼洒一次，以后根据杂交鳜鱼苗在池塘内的集群、游动和摄食情况及时消毒或增氧。The cultivation of the present embodiment is carried out in a rectangular pond with an area of 3 mu and a water depth of 1.5m, and 65,000 hybrid mandarin fish fry with an average body length of 22mm are stocked. The day before the hybrid mandarin fish seedlings were put into the pond, 700,000 grass carp larvae with a body length of 12 mm were put into the pond as the bait for the hybrid mandarin fish fry, which will be replenished in time according to the number of bait fish in the pond. A micro-pump is installed in the pond, which flushes water for 4 hours a day, and changes the water by about 30cm every 3 days. On the 7th day when the hybrid mandarin fish fry went down to the pond, sprinkle once with 1.0 ppm of copper sulfate in the whole pond, and then disinfect or increase oxygen in time according to the clustering, swimming and feeding conditions of the hybrid mandarin fish fry in the pond.
4、食性转化4. Diet transformation
当杂交鳜鱼苗体长长至50mm左右时进行食性转化。用密网(夏花网)在池塘一角拦成一面积100m2左右的三角形区域，将杂交鳜鱼苗密集在此，每天清晨和傍晚先用水勺向水面泼水，再抛撒饵料鱼。刚开始时，在投喂的活饵中掺入10-20％刚死的新鲜乌仔，以后逐渐增加死乌仔的比例。经5天左右的食性转化，鳜鱼会抢食投喂的死乌仔后，即完成杂交鳜鱼苗的培育，可进入成鱼养殖。When the body length of hybrid mandarin fish fry reaches about 50mm, the feeding habits change. Use a dense net (summer flower net) to form a triangular area with an area of about 100m 2 at one corner of the pond, where the hybrid mandarin fish fry are densely packed. Every morning and evening, water is first splashed on the water surface with a spoon, and then the bait fish is thrown. At the beginning, add 10-20% fresh dead crows to the live bait, and then gradually increase the proportion of dead crows. After about 5 days of food habit transformation, the mandarin fish will rush to eat the dead black larvae fed, and then the cultivation of hybrid mandarin fish fry will be completed, and they can enter adult fish breeding.
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