CN103493767A - Cross breeding method of odontobutis potamophila and odontobutis yaluensis - Google Patents
Cross breeding method of odontobutis potamophila and odontobutis yaluensis Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A cross breeding method of odontobutis potamophila and odontobutis yaluensis is characterized by comprising the steps of parent selection and breeding, cross breeding and crossbreed fry rearing, wherein after fertilized egg membrane releasing is completed, a PVC pipe is timely taken out; after membrane releasing is carried out for 3 days, fry yolk sacs are eliminated; when fries can swim flatly, the fries start to open mouths to eat microplankton bait which mainly comprises wheel animalcule and cladocerans, and at least about 10 pieces of palatable bait are maintained underwater per milliliter. After membrane releasing is carried out for 10 days, the fries swim actively, certain copepoda, artemia and other kinds of macrozooplankton need to be supplemented at the moment, the feeding amount is properly added, and more than 15 pieces of the palatable bait are maintained under water per milliliter. When the fries are 1 centimeter long, the fries are shifted into a fry breeding pool where biological bait is cultivated in advance according to the density of 30-50 thousands fries per mu, small raw fishmeal or soybean cake powder is additionally thrown into the pool by means of additional points in the pool, and the daily feeding amount occupies about 5% of the weight of fish. The feeding frequency is twice a day in the morning and at afternoon. The average survival rate of juvenile fish bred by fry cross breeding reaches more than 85% and is higher than the survival rate of parent selfing.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of food fish breed method, especially fish hybridization breeding method, specifically the green Odontobutis obscura cross breeding method of a kind of rivers and creeks Odontobutis obscura and duck.
Background technology
Crossbreeding is the most classical breeding method.Dissimilar parent is hybridized, and can obtain reconfiguring and filial generation that type is abundant of gene, and some type may be the combination of parents' merit, super parents' merit also may occur.In fishery, oneself becomes the important channel of improving fishery production heterotic utilization.
Rivers and creeks Odontobutis obscura (Odontobutis potamophila G ü nther) belongs to Perciformes (Perciformes), Acenthogobius flavimanus suborder (Gobioidei), Eleotridae (Eleotridae), Odontobutis (Odontobutis), be distributed in Yangtze River in China middle and lower reaches and tributary thereof, Qiantang River and Min River water system etc.It is high containing the meat amount, the meat exquisiteness, and the meat flavour deliciousness, be loved by the people, and is a kind of small-sized economic fish that DEVELOPMENT PROSPECT is arranged very much.Rivers and creeks Odontobutis obscura fast growth.
The green Odontobutis obscura of duck (Odontobutis yaluensis) belongs to Perciformes (Perciformes), Acenthogobius flavimanus suborder (Gobioidei), Eleotridae (Eleotridae), Odontobutis (Odontobutis), be the distinctive kind of China, only be distributed in Eastern Mountain Area tributary, Liaohe River Taizihe River, Middle and lower reaches of the Yalu River and the, great Yanghe River, tributary and Liaodong Peninsula Bi Liuhe.The green Odontobutis obscura individuality of duck is little, and the natural resources amount is few, and growth rate is slow, and cold resistance is strong.
The Important Economic fish that above-mentioned two kinds of fish are China's the South and the North, because of its fine and tender taste, delicious flavour, liked by consumers in general deeply, in China, have ripe consumption market.China started carry out the artificial propagation of these two kinds of fish and raise and train from the 2l beginning of the century, and achieved success, and started to promote cultivation in provinces such as Jiangsu, Liaoning.In order further to optimize these two kinds of fish culture performance structures, utilize crossbreeding technology that rivers and creeks Odontobutis obscura and the green Odontobutis obscura of duck are carried out to distant hybridization, carry out the restructuring of fish gene, be expected to obtain and there is the crossbreed that growth is fast, resistance against diseases is strong and meat is excellent, raising specific yield, culture benefit.
According to the knowledge of the applicant, have not yet to see the technology report of the green Odontobutis obscura crossbreeding of relevant rivers and creeks Odontobutis obscura and duck aspect.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is by crossbreeding technology, research and develop a kind of hybridization cultivation new product with rivers and creeks Odontobutis obscura and duck green Odontobutis obscura parents merit or super parents' merit, thereby be the production practices service.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
The green Odontobutis obscura cross breeding method of a kind of rivers and creeks Odontobutis obscura and duck is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
1) parent selects and cultivates
In the autumn of breeding the previous year, select the rivers and creeks Odontobutis obscura that 2 full ages are above, milter body weight 75g is above, raun body weight 50g is above and the green Odontobutis obscura of duck that 2 full ages are above, milter body weight 50g is above, raun body weight 40g is above as the crossbreed parent, put in a suitable place to breed and carry out reinforced cultivating in pond, nurturing period is thrown something and fed the living bait fishes and shrimps as bait, and regularly bath impels gonad maturity;
2) outbreeding
1. artificial induced spawning
When the pond water temperature is stabilized in more than 18 ℃, can start to select belly expand softness, gonapophysis micro-red 2 ages in winter above rivers and creeks Odontobutis obscura or the green Odontobutis obscura raun of duck and skin mucus many, be smooth to the touch 2 ages in winter more than the green Odontobutis obscura of duck and rivers and creeks Odontobutis obscura milter carry out artificial induced spawning, oxytocic drug comprises No. 2 (LRH-A of luteotropin releasing hormone d-ala analog
2), human chorionic gonadtropin (HCG), maleic acid DOM (DOM), the hormone dosage milter is raun 50%, induced spawning method is by a pin injection.
2. lay eggs
The complete combo An Ci ﹕ hero=1 ﹕ 1 of injection of hormone is put into spawning pond, controls the spawning inducing pool water temperature and reaches 24 ℃, keeps miniflow water, stimulates parent population to oestrus.Simultaneously, place clean pvc pipe as the nest of laying eggs in spawning inducing pool.Parent population after injection enters Chi Houhui and selects voluntarily nest and pairing voluntarily, after about 24～48 hours, just can in pvc pipe, lay eggs voluntarily, and the ovum of output is attached on the pvc pipe wall in flakes.
3. exomixis ovum hatching management
Odontobutis obscura fertilized egg is faint yellow, oval, and egg membrane is transparent, and an end tool gang mucous membrane silk is attached on the pvc pipe wall.After laying eggs, will move to the pvc pipe of fish-egg in the pond of clear water and hatch.Incubating oosperm adopts hydrostatic qi of chong channel ascending adversely hatching, and the Lentic hatching water temperature is controlled at 27～28 ℃, and fertilized egg, through the hatching of about 72 hours, is rejected downright bad ovum on the fish nest, and changed pond, avoids downright bad ovum to grow water mold in the demoulding process and pollutes Spawning water; To use the medicine soaking disinfection with hatching in the time of 24 hours before incubating oosperm;
3) hybridization fry rearing
After the fertilized egg demoulding completes, take out in time pvc pipe, after demoulding 3 days, the fry yolk sac disappeared, and when fry can put down trip, beginning initial feeding microplankton bait, take wheel animalcule, cladocera as main, at least keeps the agreeable to the taste bait about 10/ml in water.After membrane 10 days, move about active, now will supplement the macrozooplanktons such as some copepoda, halogen worm, and suitably increase feeding volume, will keep the above agreeable to the taste bait of 15/ml in water.When fry reaches 1 centimeter, proceed in advance oneself according to every mu 3～50,000 tails and cultivate in the ，Bing pond, seed rearing pond of good biological bait to set up an office to increase and throw small fish slurry or beancake powder, day throw 5% left and right that the amount of raising accounts for the fish body weight.The number of times of throwing something and feeding be morning and afternoon each 1 time.
Parent fish rearing is put in a suitable place to breed according to every mu of 150～200kg, starts every bath in 10～15 days once each l～2 hours after the beginning of spring.
The employing hormotone is hastened parturition, and the dosage of hastening parturition is every kilogram of rivers and creeks Odontobutis obscura raun 18～20 μ g (LRH-A
2)+300～400IU (HCG)+5～8mg (DOM), every kilogram of green Odontobutis obscura raun 16～18 μ g (LRH-A of duck
2)+300～350IU (HCG)+5～6mg (DOM).
After complete 24 hours of injection of hormone, start to check the situation of laying eggs.
Before hatching and hatching process with 5 seconds of 5ppm Betagen Solution soaking disinfection, the Lentic hatching pond depth of water is 60～80cm.
The variation of demoulding time with the Spawning water temperature changes, and needs strictly to control water temperature in hatching process, and water temperature need be controlled at 27～28 ℃, two be less than ± l ℃ of pond water temperature difference when incubating oosperm changes ，Huan pond, pond about 72 hours.
Throwing something and feeding to the plankton bait of hybridizing the fry opening is wheel animalcule, cladocera and copepoda, along with the fish body increases, changes gradually the kind of throwing something and feeding, until tame and docile food, is converted into the agreeable to the taste bait fishes and shrimps of ingesting.
The hybridization combo is carried out according to rivers and creeks Odontobutis obscura (♀) * green Odontobutis obscura of duck (♂) or the green Odontobutis obscura of duck (♀) * rivers and creeks Odontobutis obscura (♂).
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
The average survival that hybridization prelarva of the present invention is cultivated into juvenile fish reaches more than 85%, training shoot survival percent a little more than parental autocopulation, initial analysis is because cross hybrid seedling is energetic, initial feeding ability and to keep away enemy's ability strong, and ontogeny is more synchronous, lessly little mutually residual phenomenon occurs gobbling, therefore final survival rate of seedling is higher than parental autocopulation.
In Distant crossing combination reproductive process of the present invention, spawning rate, fertilization rate, incubation rate and seed rearing survival rate and this two kinds of fish selfing results are basically identical, and its hybrid combination goes for extensive hybrid seedlings production fully.
The economic characters of hybrid combination performance are as all superior than the self-bred progeny performance as ingestion ability, growth rate and resistance against diseases, and this is combined as the commercial crossbreeding combination, has good popularizing application prospect.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated.
The green Odontobutis obscura cross breeding method of a kind of rivers and creeks Odontobutis obscura and duck, comprise the following steps:
L, parent select and cultivate
The autumn of 2011, select 2 full ages above and anosis without wound, milter body weight 75g is above, raun body weight 50g is above rivers and creeks Odontobutis obscura and 2 full ages above and anosis without wound, milter body weight 50g is above, raun body weight 40g the is above green Odontobutis obscura of duck each as the crossbreed parent, female milter ratio is that 1 ﹕ l combo is put into spawning pond, put 150～200kg in a suitable place to breed for every mu, 1.5 meters of the pond depth of waters, nurturing period throws something and feeds and joins the bait fishes and shrimps, at the beginning of 3 months, start every bath in 10 days once, each l～2 hours, impel gonad maturity;
2, outbreeding
1) artificial induced spawning
2012, in late March, 2013～April, throwing in cage selects belly to expand softness, the micro-red raun of gonopore and the micro-red milter of gonapophysis to carry out artificial induced spawning, 24 ℃ of the water temperatures of hastening parturition, oxytocic drug and dosage: every kilogram of rivers and creeks Odontobutis obscura raun 18～20 μ g (LRH-A
2)+300～400IU (HCG)+5～8mg (DOM), every kilogram of green Odontobutis obscura raun 16～18 μ g (LRH-A of duck
2)+300～350IU (HCG)+5～6mg (DOM).Milter dosage is 50% of raun, and the mode of hastening parturition adopts a pin thoracic cavity injection, and the female milter of hastening parturition is put into to spawning pond by 1 ﹕ 1 combo.
2) lay eggs
The complete combo An Ci ﹕ hero=1 ﹕ 1 of injection of hormone is put into spawning pond, controls the spawning inducing pool water temperature and reaches 24 ℃, keeps miniflow water, stimulates parent population to oestrus.Simultaneously, place clean pvc pipe as the nest of laying eggs in spawning inducing pool.Parent population after injection enters Chi Houhui and selects voluntarily nest and pairing voluntarily, and there are close ties the effector phase of laying eggs and time, and during 24 ℃ of left and right of water temperature, effector phase is 24～48 hours; Start when raun reaches effector phase to check whether parent population lays eggs, after about 24～48 hours, check pvc pipe; The ovum of output is attached on the pvc pipe wall in flakes.
3) hatching management
Odontobutis obscura fertilized egg is faint yellow, oval, and egg membrane is transparent, and an end tool gang mucous membrane silk is attached on the pvc pipe wall.After laying eggs, will move to the tile of fish-egg in the pond of clear water and hatch.Incubating oosperm can adopt hydrostatic qi of chong channel ascending adversely hatching, and the Lentic hatching water temperature is controlled at 27～28 ℃, can greatly improve incubation rate like this.Fertilized egg, through the hatching of about 72 hours, is rejected downright bad ovum on the fish nest, and is changed pond, avoids downright bad ovum to grow water mold in the demoulding process and pollutes Spawning water; During the hatching of hatching cylinder, water velocity is controlled at and ovum can have been rushed and the cylinder bottom that do not fall; To prevent and treat with 5ppm Betagen Solution soaking disinfection the generation of saprolegniasis with hatching 5 seconds in the time of 24 hours before incubating oosperm; Lentic hatching pond (single pond 5～6m.) depth of water is controlled at 60～80cm; The variation of demoulding time with the Spawning water temperature changes, and needs to control water temperature and reaches 27 ℃, two be less than ± l ℃ of pond water temperature difference when incubating oosperm changes ，Huan pond, pond about 72 hours;
3, hybridization fry rearing
After the fertilized egg demoulding completes, take out in time pvc pipe, and carry out early stage in hatchery and cultivate, the fry total length 3.2mm of firm demoulding, whole body is transparent, body surface has little black stripe, at the bottom of fry is deposited on pond, after demoulding 3 days, yolk sac disappears, fry starts flat trip, now fry starts opening, the bait of hybridization fish opening is wheel animalcule, small-sized cladocera and copepoda, so now must fish for these zooplanktons from the bait pool with 80～l00 purpose plankton net and throw something and feed and ingest to fry with meiofauna 40 mesh sieve thin,tough silk filtrations, day throws something and feeds 2 times, morning and afternoon respectively once, after plankton is thrown something and fed 7 days, fry can grow to the lcm left and right, now according to every mu 3～50,000 tails, proceed to the seed rearing pond (generally putting first 7～10 days soya-bean milk of splashing in a suitable place to breed) of the good biological bait of oneself cultivation in advance, lower storage reservoir is thrown in agreeable to the taste bait fishes and shrimps in pond after one week, to guarantee sufficient bait.
The part that the present invention does not relate to all prior art that maybe can adopt same as the prior art is realized.
Claims (8)
1. a rivers and creeks Odontobutis obscura and the green Odontobutis obscura cross breeding method of duck is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
1) parent selects and cultivates
In the autumn of breeding the previous year, select the rivers and creeks Odontobutis obscura that 2 full ages are above, milter body weight 75g is above, raun body weight 50g is above and the green Odontobutis obscura of duck that 2 full ages are above, milter body weight 50g is above, raun body weight 40g is above as the crossbreed parent, put in a suitable place to breed and carry out reinforced cultivating in pond, nurturing period is thrown something and fed the living bait fishes and shrimps as bait, and regularly bath impels gonad maturity;
2) outbreeding
1. artificial induced spawning
When the pond water temperature is stabilized in more than 18 ℃, can start to select belly to expand above rivers and creeks Odontobutis obscura or the green Odontobutis obscura raun of duck and skin mucus is many, the green Odontobutis obscura of duck or rivers and creeks Odontobutis obscura milters more than 2 ages in winter of being smooth to the touch carry out artificial induced spawning in softness, gonapophysis micro-red 2 ages in winter, oxytocic drug comprises No. 2 (LRH-A of luteotropin releasing hormone d-ala analog
2), human chorionic gonadtropin (HCG), maleic acid DOM (DOM), the hormone dosage milter is raun 50%, induced spawning method is a pin injection;
2. lay eggs
The complete combo An Ci ﹕ hero=1 ﹕ 1 of injection of hormone is put into spawning pond, controls the spawning inducing pool water temperature and reaches 24 ℃, keeps miniflow water, stimulates parent population to oestrus;
2.simultaneously, place clean pvc pipe as the nest of laying eggs in spawning inducing pool; Parent population after injection enters Chi Houhui and selects voluntarily nest and pairing voluntarily, after about 24～48 hours, just can in pvc pipe, lay eggs voluntarily, and the ovum of output is attached on the pvc pipe wall in flakes;
3. hatching management
Odontobutis obscura fertilized egg is faint yellow, oval, and egg membrane is transparent, and an end tool gang mucous membrane silk is attached on the pvc pipe wall; After laying eggs, will move to the pvc pipe of fish-egg in the pond of clear water and hatch; Incubating oosperm adopts hydrostatic qi of chong channel ascending adversely hatching, and the Lentic hatching water temperature is controlled at 27～28 ℃, and fertilized egg, through the hatching of about 72 hours, is rejected downright bad ovum on the fish nest, and changed pond, avoids downright bad ovum to grow water mold in the demoulding process and pollutes Spawning water; To use the medicine soaking disinfection with hatching in the time of 24 hours before incubating oosperm;
3) hybridization fry rearing
After the fertilized egg demoulding completes, take out in time pvc pipe, after demoulding 3 days, the fry yolk sac disappeared, and when fry can put down trip, beginning initial feeding microplankton bait, take wheel animalcule, cladocera as main, at least keeps the agreeable to the taste bait about 10/ml in water; After membrane 10 days, move about active, now will supplement the macrozooplanktons such as some copepoda, halogen worm, and suitably increase feeding volume, will keep the above agreeable to the taste bait of 15/ml in water; When fry reaches 1 centimeter, proceed in advance oneself according to every mu 3～50,000 tails and cultivate in the ，Bing pond, seed rearing pond of good biological bait to set up an office to increase and throw small fish slurry or beancake powder, day throw 5% left and right that the amount of raising accounts for the fish body weight; The number of times of throwing something and feeding be morning and afternoon each 1 time.
2. according to claim l described rivers and creeks Odontobutis obscura and the green Odontobutis obscura cross breeding method of duck, it is characterized in that parent fish rearing puts in a suitable place to breed according to every mu of 150～200kg, start every bath in 10～15 days once each l～2 hours after the beginning of spring.
3. according to claim l described rivers and creeks Odontobutis obscura and the green Odontobutis obscura cross breeding method of duck, it is characterized in that adopting hormotone to hasten parturition, the dosage of hastening parturition is every kilogram of rivers and creeks Odontobutis obscura raun 18～20 μ g (LRH-A
2)+300～400IU (HCG)+5～8mg (DOM), every kilogram of green Odontobutis obscura raun 16～18 μ g (LRH-A of duck
2)+300～350IU (HCG)+5～6mg (DOM).
4. according to claim l described a kind of rivers and creeks Odontobutis obscura and the green Odontobutis obscura cross breeding method of duck, it is characterized in that injection of hormone is after complete 24 hours, start to check the situation of laying eggs.
5. according to claim l described rivers and creeks Odontobutis obscura and the green Odontobutis obscura cross breeding method of duck, before it is characterized in that hatching and hatching process with 5 seconds of 5ppm Betagen Solution soaking disinfection, the Lentic hatching pond depth of water is 60～80cm.
6. according to claim l described rivers and creeks Odontobutis obscura and the green Odontobutis obscura cross breeding method of duck, it is characterized in that needing the strict water temperature of controlling, water temperature need be controlled at 27～28 ℃, two be less than ± l ℃ of pond water temperature difference when incubating oosperm changes ，Huan pond, pond about 72 hours.
7. according to claim l described rivers and creeks Odontobutis obscura and the green Odontobutis obscura cross breeding method of duck, it is characterized in that the plankton bait of throwing something and feeding to hybridization fry opening is wheel animalcule, cladocera and copepoda, change gradually along with the fish body increases the kind of throwing something and feeding, until tame and docile food, be converted into the agreeable to the taste bait fishes and shrimps of ingesting.
8. according to claim l, 2,3,4,5,6,7 described rivers and creeks Odontobutis obscuras and the green Odontobutis obscura cross breeding method of duck, it is characterized in that hybridizing combo and carry out according to rivers and creeks Odontobutis obscura (♀) * green Odontobutis obscura of duck (♂) or the green Odontobutis obscura of duck (♀) * rivers and creeks Odontobutis obscura (♂).
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| CN106259120A (en) * | 2016-08-24 | 2017-01-04 | 凯里市福瑞水产养殖场 | A kind of Qingshuijiang Cyprinus carpio crossbreeding and improvement first filial generation and crossbreeding and improvement method |
| CN110447577A (en) * | 2018-11-20 | 2019-11-15 | 安徽省农业科学院水产研究所 | A kind of Odontobulis mpotamophila scale efficient propagation method based in due course temperature control |
| CN109258528A (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2019-01-25 | 江苏省淡水水产研究所 | Sturgeon artificial induced spawning operating table |
| CN110150191A (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2019-08-23 | 海南晨海水产有限公司 | A kind of artificial fecundation method of Plectorhinchus cinctus |
| CN110150191B (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2021-10-19 | 海南晨海水产有限公司 | Artificial propagation method of sparus fasciatus |
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