CN103262819A - Crossbreeding and seedling method of odontobutis potamophila and odontobutis yaluensis - Google Patents
Crossbreeding and seedling method of odontobutis potamophila and odontobutis yaluensis Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a crossbreeding and seedling method of odontobutis potamophila and odontobutis yaluensis. The crossbreeding and seedling method comprises the steps of parent selection, breeding and reproduction regulation and control, artificial insemination and incubation, and larvae juvenile fish cultivation. A hybrid fish has good characteristics of male parent and female parent, the large-scale production of hybrid fish fries can be achieved, a new strain (breed) of odontobutis obscura is hopefully crossbred and cultivated, and accordingly economical benefits of cultivation of the odontobutis obscura of China are effectively improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fish distant hybridization method, refer more particularly to not of the same race fish hybridization breeding, raising seedling method of the green Odontobutis obscura of rivers and creeks Odontobutis obscura and duck, belong to aquatic livestock crossbreeding technology field.
Background technology
Rivers and creeks Odontobutis obscura (Odontobutis potamophila), be under the jurisdiction of Perciformes (Perciformes), goby suborder (Gobioidei), Odontobutis obscura section (Odontobutidae), Odontobutis (Odontobutis), popular name Pu fish, a tiger shark, a tiger idiot, careless mother-in-law fish, handwoven cloth fish, black straw bag etc. are a kind of comparatively famous and precious small-sized economic fishs.About common individual 50g, maximum individuality is 175g.It mainly is distributed in the Changjiang river, downstream and riverine each tributary, Min River water system, Qiantang River water system, accidental the Yellow River water system.The rivers and creeks Odontobutis obscura is subjected to liking of ground people such as river, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Fujian deeply because thorn between its fine and tender taste, delicious flavour, flesh is few.
The green Odontobutis obscura of duck (Odontobutis yaluensis), be under the jurisdiction of Perciformes (Perciformes), goby suborder (Gobioidei), Odontobutis obscura section (Odontobutidae), Odontobutis (Odontobutis), mainly be distributed in basins such as the upstream, the Liaohe River, the Yalu River in Liaoning, the big Yanghe River.Blind loud, high-pitched sound of popular name or blind fat fish, this fish belongs to distinctive middle-size and small-size streams, Liaoning Province economic fish, and common individuality is at 75g～150g, and the maximum reaches more than the 250g.Its delicious meat is subjected to the welcome in northern market deeply and supply falls short of demand.Mainly be that to fish for wild resource be main in the market, this causes the natural resources amount sharply to descend, and germ plasm resource is subjected to heavy damage.The situation that supply falls short of demand appears in final this fish, and price is also soaring year by year.The general 100g left and right sides market price can reach 30～60 yuan/kg, can reach 100～200 yuan/kg more than the 250g.
The rivers and creeks Odontobutis obscura is widely distributed, and wild resource is than horn of plenty, and high temperature resistant, but growth rate is slow, and is individual less; And the green Odontobutis obscura of duck was put into the red register of Chinese species in 2004, and wild resource is extremely limited.From early 1990s, the trial about rivers and creeks Odontobutis obscura artificial breeding has successively been carried out on ground such as Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai, and obtains certain success in succession.So far, the artificial propagation of rivers and creeks Odontobutis obscura is comparatively ripe, but owing to the not low temperature resistant ecological habit of rivers and creeks Odontobutis obscura, is difficult to promote in the north.The green Odontobutis obscura of duck but makes that because of its unique ecological breeding habit current extensive artificial propagation techniques difficulty is higher, as the breakthrough that this fish lays eggs that required water temperature is low, brooding time is long, fish-egg has restricted the green Odontobutis obscura artificial propagation techniques of duck to environmental condition factor such as have relatively high expectations.If with rivers and creeks Odontobutis obscura and these the two kinds of fish hybridization of the green Odontobutis obscura of duck, not only obtain theoretically father and mother this merit namely individual big, growth is fast, also can be expanded culturing territorial scope, becomes possibility thereby make this hybridization fish promote in the whole nation, therefore, market prospects are huge.At present, in the goby suborder, the report of clouding Oxyeleotris marmoratus (♀) * Oxyeleotris lineolatus (♂) hybridization of Eleotridae is only arranged.About rivers and creeks Odontobutis obscura and the green Odontobutis obscura crossbreeding of duck do not appear in the newspapers as yet.The purpose of this invention is to provide the crossbreeding seedling-cultivating method of a kind of rivers and creeks Odontobutis obscura and the green Odontobutis obscura of duck, it can satisfy the above-mentioned requirements of prior art.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is by regulation and control breeding environment water temperature, illumination and hormonal stimulation, accelerate the growth of parent population sexual gland in natural environment, the artificial stimulation and control fish central nervous system and endocrine system, impel rivers and creeks Odontobutis obscura raun and the green Odontobutis obscura milter of duck gonad development synchronous, by artificial insemination and hatching between planting, cultivate hybrid seedlings.
Cross breeding method of the present invention, content may further comprise the steps: one) parent selects; Two) parent fish rearing and genital regulating; Three) artificial insemination and hatching; Four) larvae juvenile fish is cultivated.
One) parent's selection: pick out individual stalwartness, disease-free, nothing is wounded or disabled, body surface does not have parasite, is in a good state of nutrition, and the rivers and creeks Odontobutis obscura more than 1 age is as female parent, and specification is 45g～120g; Similarity condition screens the green Odontobutis obscura of satisfactory duck as male parent, and specification is 60g～150g.
Two) parent fish rearing and genital regulating: the glass jar that the parent population individuality is put into indoor 60 * 50 * 40cm specification respectively according to female-male proportion is cultivated, cultivated every cylinder 15～25 tails of density/m
3, dissolved oxygen maintains more than the 5mg/L, illumination 600～800Lux, and the circulation fine bourn stimulates, and day is changed water 1～2 time; Living bait shrimp to throw something and feed disease-free during the parent culture.Rivers and creeks Odontobutis obscura raun water temperature control is at 20 ℃～24 ℃, and the green Odontobutis obscura milter of duck water temperature is controlled at 18 ℃～20 ℃.
Three) artificial insemination and hatching: comprising: 1) insemination is prepared; 2) artificial insemination; 3) wash ovum; 4) incubating oosperm
1) insemination is prepared: observe parent population gonad development situation, it is good to select the raun maturity, and (standard is expanded for the belly outward appearance) sponginess is flexible, and the gonapophysis leading portion is fuller, gently presses ovary, and the ovum that takes a morsel is observed the maturation of ovum situation under anatomical lens stand-by; Select the milter (standard is that gonapophysis is little red) of gonad maturity, by the seminal fluid in the belly extrusion collection spermary, and use the microexamination sperm viability; Whole crowded ovum process is finished in 10min; The semen collection process can not have moisture or urine to mix, and the time is controlled in 10min;
2) artificial insemination: adopt the dry method insemination, clamp-on ovum in the little china bowl that fills seminal fluid, add activation of spermatozoa liquid after mixing finishes, fall on the net dish, fertilization process requires to finish the rim of a bowl internal diameter 9cm of little china bowl, degree of depth 3.5cm in 5min;
3) wash ovum: after fertilized egg is adhered to net dish 10min., wash ovum 2 times with 24 ± 1 ℃ fresh fresh water, the washed net dish that fertilized egg is arranged is soaked in the methylene blue solution of 2ppm and sterilizes, choose dead ovum simultaneously, the time is controlled in 10min;
4) incubating oosperm: the green Odontobutis obscura milter of rivers and creeks Odontobutis obscura raun * duck fertilized egg is adhesive egg, oily ball is arranged, and transparent, be spindle, yolk is distributed in the spheroid middle position, fertilized egg net dish is hatched in the water vat of 60 * 50 * 40cm, water temperature rises to 26 ℃, 1 ℃ of every 24h rising, dissolved oxygen 〉=6mg/L gradually from 23 ℃, pH value 6.5～7.5, illumination is under the incubation condition of 600～2000Lux, and fertilized egg is hatched through about 336h, and the prelarva demoulding is hatched.
Four) young, young and juvenile fish is cultivated: seed density is 20,000 tails/m
312～24h inner opening after the flat trip of membrane, the cladocera of 60～80 order sizes that feeding has been sterilized, respectively throw something and feed once in 7 of at 8 in the morning and evenings, the density of throwing something and feeding is 1～3/mL, throw something and feed based on 40～60 purpose cladoceras or small-sized copepoda in 14～25 days to the membrane, 0.5～2/mL of the density of throwing something and feeding, 60～80 purpose cladoceras or the fairy shrimp young are auxilliary, 1/mL of the density of throwing something and feeding; Cultivated in the water vat of 60 * 50 * 40cm 20～25 days earlier behind the fry hatching, 14 day time-division seedling once.When fry grows to 2cm, the body surface scale is grown and is finished, and the feature speckle is clear, changes 10m over to
3The water earthworm of throwing something and feeding among the Da Chi, throw something and feed when cultivating into 3cm left and right sides specification fry through 15～20 days chironomus larvas or water earthworm, its situation of throwing something and feeding is decided on the food situation, and seed density is 300～400 tails/m
3Water temperature is 25 ± 1 ℃ during cultivation, and dissolved oxygen maintains more than the 5mg/L, and light intensity is controlled between 1000～2000Lux;
In the said method, described fish-egg the time of fertilization, the activation of spermatozoa formula of liquid is as follows: NaCl2.6g/L, KCl0.04g/L, Tris-HCl0.24g/L, pH=8.0;
The cladocera of in whole cultivating process, throwing something and feeding, the small-sized copepoda terramycin of 2ppm, 1% NaCl solution disinfection 10min.
The incubation condition water temperature rises to 26 ℃, 1 ℃ of every 24h rising, dissolved oxygen 〉=6mg/L, pH value 6.5～7.5, illumination 600～2000Lux gradually from 23 ℃.
The ripe basic synchronization of this method male and female parent population, crossover operation is easy, and the fertilization rate average out to is more than 80%; The incubation rate average out to is more than 60%; Can realize the hybrid seedlings large-scale cultivation.Hybridize simultaneously the multinomial biological indicator of fry with the obvious advantage greater than with batch the rivers and creeks Odontobutis obscura from numerous seedling, as advantages such as the cross hybrid seedling schistostoma are big, growth is fast, comfort zone is wide, have hybrid vigour, be expected to cultivate hybridization Odontobutis obscura new lines.
Embodiment
The method that the crossbreeding of a kind of rivers and creeks Odontobutis obscura raun and the green Odontobutis obscura milter of duck is grown seedlings may further comprise the steps:
One, the parent selects; Pick out individual stalwartness, disease-free, nothing is wounded or disabled, body surface does not have parasite, is in a good state of nutrition, and the rivers and creeks Odontobutis obscura more than 1 age is as female parent, and specification is 45g～120g; Similarity condition screens the green Odontobutis obscura of satisfactory duck as male parent, and specification is 60g-150g.
Two, parent fish rearing and genital regulating: female milter individuality is put into indoor 60 * 50 * 40cm respectively according to female-male proportion cultivate, cultivate every cylinder 15～25 tails of density/m
3, dissolved oxygen maintains more than the 5mg/L, illumination 600～2000Lux, and the circulation fine bourn stimulates, and day is changed water 1～2 time; During the parent culture with the disease-free living bait of throwing something and feeding based on little freshwater shrimp.Rivers and creeks Odontobutis obscura raun water temperature control is at 20 ℃～24 ℃, and the green Odontobutis obscura milter of duck water temperature is controlled at 18 ℃～20 ℃;
Daily management: during the parent fish rearing, continuous charge, flowing water is cultivated, and rate of water exchange is in 30%～40%/sky, and condition of water quality: dissolved oxygen 〉=6.0mg/L between pH6.5～8.5, regularly cleans fish jar.
Three, artificial insemination and hatching: comprising: 1) insemination is prepared; 2) artificial insemination; 3) wash ovum; 4) incubating oosperm
1) insemination is prepared: observe parent population gonad development situation, it is good to select the raun maturity, and (standard is expanded for the belly outward appearance) sponginess is flexible, and the gonapophysis leading portion is fuller, gently presses ovary, and the ovum that takes a morsel is observed the maturation of ovum situation under anatomical lens stand-by; Select the milter (standard is that gonapophysis is little red) of gonad maturity, by the seminal fluid in the belly extrusion collection spermary, and use the microexamination sperm viability; Whole crowded ovum process is finished in 10min; The semen collection process can not have moisture or urine to mix, and the time is controlled in 10min;
2) artificial insemination: adopt the dry method insemination, clamp-on ovum in the little china bowl that fills seminal fluid, add activation of spermatozoa liquid after mixing finishes, fall on the net dish, fertilization process requires to finish the rim of a bowl internal diameter 9cm of little china bowl, degree of depth 3.5cm in 5min;
3) wash ovum: after fertilized egg is adhered to net dish 10min, wash ovum 2-3 time with 24 ± 1 ℃ fresh fresh water, the washed net dish that fertilized egg is arranged is soaked in the methylene blue solution, concentration is 2ppm.
4) incubating oosperm: hatching is carried out in the water vat of 60 * 50 * 40cm, water temperature rises to 26 ℃ gradually from 23 ℃, every 24h rises 1 ℃, after 26 ℃, keep this temperature, dissolved oxygen 〉=6mg/L, pH6.5～8.5 are under illumination 600～2000lux incubation condition, fertilized egg was through hatching in 14～16 days, and the prelarva demoulding is hatched;
5) seed rearing: seed density is 20,000 tails/m
3The cladocera of 60～80 order sizes that the 12～24h inner opening feeding after the flat trip of membrane has been sterilized, respectively throw something and feed once in 7 of at 8 in the morning and evenings, the density of throwing something and feeding is 1～3 tail/mL, to 14～25 days of membrane, throw something and feed based on 40-60 purpose cladocera or small-sized copepoda, the density of throwing something and feeding 0.5～2 tail/mL, 60～80 purpose cladoceras or the fairy shrimp young are auxilliary, the density of throwing something and feeding 1 tail/mL; Cultivated in the water vat of 60 * 50 * 40cm 20～25 days earlier behind the fry hatching, the time-division seedling was once finished when fry grows to the growth of 2cm body surface scale in 14 day, and the feature speckle is clear, changes 10m over to
3The water earthworm of throwing something and feeding among the Da Chi, throw something and feed when cultivating into 3cm left and right sides specification fry through 15～20 days chironomus larvas or water earthworm, its situation of throwing something and feeding is food and deciding, seed density is 300～400 tails/m
3Water temperature is 25 ± 1 ℃ during cultivation, and dissolved oxygen maintains more than the 5mg/L, and light intensity is controlled between 1000～2000Lux;
6) forming of specification fry: in the native pool, culture, main bait is small-sized fishes and shrimps (pseudorasbora parva, mosquito fish, freshwater shrimps), cultures 12 months body weight and can reach more than the 100g, compares with the rivers and creeks Odontobutis obscura of criticizing from numerous seedling growth weight average 50 grams, have the fast feature of growth, possess commodity value.
Claims (6)
1. the green Odontobutis obscura crossbreeding of rivers and creeks Odontobutis obscura and duck seedling-cultivating method is characterized in that may further comprise the steps: one) parent's selection; Two) parent fish rearing and genital regulating; Three) artificial insemination and hatching; Four) larvae juvenile fish is cultivated;
One) parent selects: pick out individual healthy and strong, disease-free, do not have wounded or disabled, body surface and do not have parasite, be in a good state of nutrition, 1 age above rivers and creeks Odontobutis obscura as female parent, specification is 45g～120g; Similarity condition screens the green Odontobutis obscura of satisfactory duck as male parent, and specification is 60g～150g;
Two) parent fish rearing and genital regulating: the parent population individuality is put into indoor glass jar respectively according to female-male proportion cultivate, cultivate every cylinder 15～25 tails of density/m
3, dissolved oxygen maintains more than the 5mg/L, illumination 600～800Lux, and the circulation fine bourn stimulates, and day is changed water 1～2 time; Living bait shrimp to throw something and feed disease-free during the parent culture; Rivers and creeks Odontobutis obscura raun water temperature control is at 20 ℃～24 ℃, and the green Odontobutis obscura milter of duck water temperature is controlled at 18 ℃～20 ℃;
Three) artificial insemination and hatching: comprising: 1) insemination is prepared; 2) artificial insemination; 3) wash ovum; 4) incubating oosperm
1) insemination is prepared: observe parent population gonad development situation, it is good to select the raun maturity, and (standard is expanded for the belly outward appearance) sponginess is flexible, and the gonapophysis leading portion is fuller, gently presses ovary, and the ovum that takes a morsel is observed the maturation of ovum situation under anatomical lens stand-by; Select the milter (standard is that gonapophysis is little red) of gonad maturity, by the seminal fluid in the belly extrusion collection spermary, and use the microexamination sperm viability; Whole crowded ovum process is finished in 10min; The semen collection process can not have moisture or urine to mix, and the time is controlled in 10min;
2) artificial insemination: adopt the dry method insemination, clamp-on ovum in the little china bowl that fills seminal fluid, add activation of spermatozoa liquid after mixing finishes, fall on the net dish, fertilization process requires to finish the rim of a bowl internal diameter 9cm of little china bowl, degree of depth 3.5cm in 5min;
3) wash ovum: after fertilized egg is adhered to net dish 10min, wash ovum 2 times with 24 ± 1 ℃ fresh fresh water, the washed net dish that fertilized egg is arranged is soaked in the methylene blue solution of 2ppm and sterilizes, choose dead ovum simultaneously, the time is controlled at 10min;
4) incubating oosperm: the green Odontobutis obscura milter of rivers and creeks Odontobutis obscura raun * duck fertilized egg is adhesive egg, oily ball is arranged, transparent, spindle, yolk is distributed in the spheroid middle position, the fertilized egg dish is hatched in the water vat of 60 * 50 * 40cm, water temperature rises to 26 ℃, 1 ℃ of every 24h rising, dissolved oxygen 〉=6mg/L gradually from 23 ℃, pH value 6.5～7.5, illumination is under the incubation condition of 600～2000Lux, and fertilized egg is hatched through about 336h, and the prelarva demoulding is hatched;
Four) young, young and juvenile fish is cultivated: the cladocera that 60～80 orders size that the prelarva 12～24h inner opening feeding after the flat trip of membrane has been sterilized is filtered, respectively throw something and feed once in 7 of at 8 in the morning and evenings, the density of throwing something and feeding is 1～3/mL, cladocera or small-sized copepoda that prelarva is thrown something and fed and filters based on 40～60 orders to 14～25 days of membrane, 0.5～2/mL of the density of throwing something and feeding, 60～80 purpose cladoceras or the fairy shrimp young are auxilliary, 1/mL of the density of throwing something and feeding; Behind the fry hatching, cultivated in the water vat of 60 * 50 * 40cm 20～25 days earlier, 14 day time-division seedling once; When fry grows to 2cm, the body surface scale is grown and is finished, and the feature speckle is clear, changes 10m over to
3The water earthworm of throwing something and feeding among the Da Chi, throw something and feed when cultivating into 3cm left and right sides specification fry through 15～20 days chironomus larvas or water earthworm, its situation of throwing something and feeding is decided on the food situation, and seed density is 300～400 tails/m
3Water temperature is 25 ± 1 ℃ during cultivation, and dissolved oxygen maintains more than the 5mg/L, and light intensity is controlled between 1000～2000Lux.
2. rivers and creeks Odontobutis obscura according to claim 1 and the green Odontobutis obscura crossbreeding of duck seedling-cultivating method, it is characterized in that the object that described parent selects, rivers and creeks Odontobutis obscura (Odontobutis potamophila) is as maternal, and the green Odontobutis obscura of duck (Odontobutis yaluensis) is as male parent.
3. rivers and creeks Odontobutis obscura according to claim 1 and the green Odontobutis obscura crossbreeding of duck seedling-cultivating method is characterized in that described fish-egg the time of fertilization, and the activation of spermatozoa formula of liquid is as follows: NaCl2.6g/L, KCl0.04g/L, Tris-HCl0.24g/L, pH=8.0.
4. rivers and creeks Odontobutis obscura according to claim 1 and the green Odontobutis obscura crossbreeding of duck seedling-cultivating method is characterized in that the cladocera of throwing something and feeding in the whole cultivating process, the small-sized copepoda terramycin of 2ppm, 1% NaCl solution disinfection 10min.
5. rivers and creeks Odontobutis obscura according to claim 1 and the green Odontobutis obscura crossbreeding of duck seedling-cultivating method is characterized in that the incubation condition water temperature rises to 26 ℃, 1 ℃ of every 24h rising, dissolved oxygen 〉=6mg/L, pH value 6.5～7.5, illumination 600～2000Lux gradually from 23 ℃.
6. hybrid breeding method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that in the opening 1～14 day, select small-sized cladocera with 60～80 purpose bolting silk mesh screens, after the 19th～20 day, throw something and feed the every day large-scale cladocera of 40～60 orders and small-sized copepoda, and every 1 day, blowdown and change water, fry grows to the water earthworm of throwing something and feeding behind the 2cm.
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| CN103651219A (en) * | 2013-12-26 | 2014-03-26 | 南京师范大学 | Cross breeding method for river odontobutis obscurus and marbled sand gobies |
| CN104396836A (en) * | 2014-12-09 | 2015-03-11 | 南京师范大学 | Method for directional copulation pedigree cultivation of river odontobutis obscurus |
| CN104396836B (en) * | 2014-12-09 | 2016-03-30 | 南京师范大学 | A kind of method that Odontobulis mpotamophila directional cross and family are cultivated |
| CN105075941A (en) * | 2015-08-05 | 2015-11-25 | 珠海市现代农业发展中心 | Cross breeding method for eleotris oxycephala and oxyeleotris marmoratus |
| CN105340803A (en) * | 2015-11-25 | 2016-02-24 | 江苏帅丰特种水产苗种科技有限公司 | Artificial cross-breeding method for Odontobutis obscura and Oxyeleotris marmorata |
| CN105875477A (en) * | 2016-05-31 | 2016-08-24 | 武汉百瑞生物技术有限公司 | Circulating water culturing system and method for rearing early fry of hybrid snakehead based on this system |
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