CN105075941A - Cross breeding method for eleotris oxycephala and oxyeleotris marmoratus - Google Patents
Cross breeding method for eleotris oxycephala and oxyeleotris marmoratus Download PDFInfo
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- 241001669646 Oxyeleotris marmorata Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000009402 cross-breeding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 241001669675 Eleotris oxycephala Species 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims abstract description 95
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- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 235000019688 fish Nutrition 0.000 claims description 89
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 71
- 241001669679 Eleotris Species 0.000 claims description 51
- 230000000384 rearing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 210000001015 abdomen Anatomy 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 241000361919 Metaphire sieboldi Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 241000700106 Brachionus Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 10
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- 102000011022 Chorionic Gonadotropin Human genes 0.000 claims description 7
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
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- 239000003163 gonadal steroid hormone Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229940084986 human chorionic gonadotropin Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
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- 239000003488 releasing hormone Substances 0.000 claims description 7
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- 241000239250 Copepoda Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 108010000912 Egg Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 102000002322 Egg Proteins Human genes 0.000 claims description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000004681 ovum Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
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- 239000002504 physiological saline solution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010334 sieve classification Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000001325 yolk sac Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000594011 Leuciscus leuciscus Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 abstract 6
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 241001670009 Eleotridae Species 0.000 description 7
- 210000000006 pectoral fin Anatomy 0.000 description 4
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- 241000276618 Perciformes Species 0.000 description 2
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- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000269882 Gobioidei Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010717 Phyllostachys nigra Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000005827 Phyllostachys nigra Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002389 Thyrsostachys siamensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000400615 Thyrsostachys siamensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of aquatic livestock cross breeding and particularly relates to a cross breeding method for fish of different categories of eleotris oxycephala and oxyeleotris marmoratus. The cross breeding method comprises the steps of selecting of parent fish, intensified breeding of the parent fish, sex discriminating and the sex ratio of the parent fish, artificial induced spawning and inseminating, incubating of fertilized eggs, breeding of fry of 1.2 cm, breeding of fry of the specification of 3 cm, breeding of the fry, breeding of commercial fish and the like. According to the cross breeding method, the artificial control measure is adopted, wide cross is carried out by selecting eleotris oxycephala female parents and oxyeleotris marmoratus male parents, the growth rate and the breeding performance of eleotris oxycephala coeno-species are improved through the cross breeding advantages, the cross-bred filial generation has the advantages of being good in body color, high in growing speed and high in temperature adaptability, and an effective way and the technological support are provided for the large-scale and industrialization development of the cultured eletridae fish new species.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of distant hybridization of fish breeding method, particularly relate to the cross breeding method that tip sleeper and Oxyeleotris marmoratus do not belong to a fish together, belong to aquatic livestock crossbreeding technology field.
Background technology
Tip sleeper (Eleotrisoxycephala) is under the jurisdiction of Perciformes, and (Perciformes), Acenthogobius flavimanus suborder (Gobioidei), Eleotridae (Eleotridae), sleeper belong to the fish of (Eleotris), popular name black bamboo shoot shell, assorted throwing, bamboo shell, black pouring brother are the small-sized economic fishs of a kind of comparatively famous and precious fresh water.In China mainland, it is mainly distributed in Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan etc., belongs to warm water fishes.Tip sleeper individuality is less, the general 15-50 gram/fish of 1 body weight in age, and body weight more than 250 grams is extremely rare, but meat is good, and the market price is high, more than specification 150g/ tail reaches 140 yuan/kg, the dark favor by consumer.But because growth rate is slow, yields poorly, propagate poor performance artificially, be difficult to carry out large-scale cultivation and produce.Therefore, how by improvement of genes, improve the key point that its growth rate and culture performance are its industrialization, large-scale development.
Oxyeleotris marmoratus (OxyeleotrismarmoratusBleeker), popular name Thailand bamboo shoot shell fish (Marblegoby), belong to Eleotridae (Eleotridae), Oxyeleotris (Oxyeleotris), China, since upper 1986 year introduces a fine variety from Southeast Asia, has now become the important freshwater aquiculture object in area, China Pearl River Delta.Its build is large, fast growth, under suitable condition 1 age body weight can reach 500g/ tail, be the high-quality warm water fishes of tropical and subtropical region.At present there are no the method about tip sleeper and Oxyeleotris marmoratus crossbreeding.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide tip sleeper and Oxyeleotris marmoratus cross breeding method.
For achieving the above object, the present invention by the following technical solutions:
Tip sleeper and Oxyeleotris marmoratus cross breeding method, comprise the following steps:
1) selection of parent population
Select 1 age more than, body weight 50 ~ 150g be in the tip sleeper of gonadal maturation phase and 2 ~ 3 ages, more than body weight 500g the Oxyeleotris marmoratus being in the gonadal maturation phase as crossbreed parent;
2) reinforced cultivating of parent population
Tip sleeper and Oxyeleotris marmoratus parent population divide pond to cultivate, every ten thousand tail parent population disposable input living feed fish 3000 ~ 4000kg, and every every ten thousand tail parent populations of 15d supplement 1500 ~ 2000kg living feed fish afterwards; Or chilled fish of throwing something and feeding slurry and artificial feed, add vitamin and mineral matter, throw something and feed twice every day, and it is 8 ~ 12% of parent population weight that day throws the amount of raising, and feeding volume accounts for 1/3 the morning, and account for 2/3 in the afternoon simultaneously;
3) Sex judging of parent population and property ratio
Enter mating season, differentiate the sex of parent population, raun belly expands, and ovary profile is obvious, and gonapophysis end circle is blunt in fan-shaped, pale red, and gonopore both sides are swelled, without black vegetarian refreshments; Milter body colour is dark, and belly expands not obvious, and gonapophysis end is tapering triangular in shape, white, and cloacal aperture periphery has black vegetarian refreshments, and extruding belly has milky seminal fluid to flow out; Select tip sleeper for maternal, Oxyeleotris marmoratus is male parent, and both male and female are paired into 2 ~ 3:1;
4) artificial induced spawning and fertilization
Artificial induced spawning adopts a pin injection, tip sleeper raun injection No. 2, luteotropin releasing hormone d-ala analog and maleic acid DOM, Oxyeleotris marmoratus milter injection human chorionic gonadotropin gland sex hormone, and when water temperature 28 ~ 30 DEG C, 48 ~ 54h reaches Effect time;
After artificial induced spawning reaches Effect time, extruding ovary, take out batch ovum, be put in and fill on the fish dish of physiological saline, then by extruding spermary, add seminal fluid, and stir with chicken feather or shake fish dish, make fertilization even, evenly fall in the 40 order mesh sheet of 20cm*30cm filling fresh water afterwards, often to throw the net sheet 10000 ~ 15000 fertilized eggs, complete in fertilization process 5min;
5) hatching of fertilized egg
After fertilized egg attachment mesh sheet, with Spawning water cleaning 2 ~ 3 times, mesh sheet is soaked in liquor potassic permanganate the 2 ~ 3min that sterilizes, be suspended on after sterilization in hatchery, hatching process keeps inflation, hatchery water temperature 25 ~ 30 DEG C, dissolved oxygen is greater than 5mg/L, pH value 7.5 ~ 8.5; Through 35 ~ 40h incubation of membrane, then disappear through 45 ~ 50h yolk sac, start flat trip, enter the fry rearing phase;
6) 1.2cm fry rearing
The fry rearing stage is in hatchery or move on to cultivate in pond and carry out, and cultivate pool area 2m*4m, the depth of water 1.0 ~ 1.2m, puts into prelarva 20 ~ 300,000 tail for every square; After flat trip, prelarva 12 ~ 24h inner opening is ingested, the S type Brachionus 1 time of sooner or later respectively throwing something and feeding every day, density of throwing something and feeding 40 ~ 50/mL; 5th ~ 7d after opening, L-type of throwing something and feeding Brachionus, cladocera and copepod larva; Blowdown every day and change water 1 time, changes water 1/5 at every turn; After seed membrane, through cultivating 10 ~ 15d, larvae growth to 1.0 ~ 1.5cm, point dredge proceed to the 3.0cm fry rearing stage;
7) 3cm specification fry rearing
When fry grows to 1.0 ~ 1.5cm, select indoor 16m
2above cement pit or outdoor earth pond are cultivated, and it is 1500 ~ 2000 tails/m that indoor water mud sump cultivates density
2, throw something and feed water earthworm or living feed fish, blowdown every day and change water 1 time, changes water 1/4 at every turn; Outdoor earth pond cultivates density 600 ~ 800 tails/m
2, throw something and feed water earthworm or living feed fish, every day adds, change water; Cultivate through 15 ~ 20d, fry growth to 2.5 ~ 3.5cm, a sub-sieve point specification proceeds to the nurture of fish fingerlings stage;
8) nurture of fish fingerlings
Fry receipts are caught a point specification and proceeds to 36m
2carry out nurture of fish fingerlings in above cement pit or outdoor earth pond, it is 600 ~ 800 tails/m that indoor water mud sump cultivates density
2, it is 250 ~ 300 tails/m that outdoor earth pond cultivates density
2, chilled fish of throwing something and feeding slurry, water earthworm or living feed fish, every day adds, change water, then after 20 ~ 30d, cultivate into the above fingerling of main body specification 8cm, crosses sieve classification and proceeds to adult fish culture pond.
Further, described living feed fish is dace.
Further, described chilled fish slurry is squid.
Further, described artificial induced spawning is with fertilization, every kilogram of tip sleeper raun injection 40 ~ 60 No. 2, μ g luteotropin releasing hormone d-ala analogs and 15 ~ 20mg maleic acid DOM, every kilogram of Oxyeleotris marmoratus milter injection 400 ~ 600IU human chorionic gonadotropin gland sex hormone.
Further, in the hatching of described fertilized egg, the spacing of mesh sheet in hatchery is 20cm, and line-spacing is 30cm.
Further, in the hatching of described fertilized egg, the concentration of liquor potassic permanganate is 1ppm.
Further, in described 1.2cm fry rearing, when fry moves into and cultivates pond, require hatchery and cultivate within pond water pH value difference 0.3, within temperature difference 2 DEG C.
Further, the method also comprises step 9) marketable fish and forms: cultivate in the native pool, and bait is small-sized fishes and shrimps or chilled fish slurry, and through the cultivation of 6 ~ 12 months, body weight reached more than 150g, namely reached marketable fish size.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
The present invention adopts artificial regulatory means; tip sleeper female parent is selected to carry out distant hybridization with Oxyeleotris marmoratus male parent; with the growth rate and the culture performance that utilize heterosis, hybrid vigor to improve tip sleeper crossbreed; hybrid generation is possessed, and body colour is good, fast growth, advantage that thermophilic ability is strong; cultivate Eleotridae fish new varieties, for its scale, industrialized development provide effective way and technical support.
Tip sleeper and Oxyeleotris marmoratus are equally do not belong to fish together, the appearance bodily form is quite similar, the crossbreed growth rate that both crossbreed obtains obviously is better than tip sleeper, 1 age body weight can reach more than 150 grams/fish, body colour is obviously better than tip sleeper, and cold-resistant cold energy force rate Oxyeleotris marmoratus improves 2 ~ 3 DEG C, culture performance etc. are to significantly improve.The present invention is Eleotridae fish genetic, selection cross research provides important approaches and methods, for promote and realize localized Eleotridae artificial propagation of fish, industrialized development provides theoretical foundation and practical experience, be significant.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described further:
embodiment 1
Tip sleeper and Oxyeleotris marmoratus crossbreeding is carried out according to following steps:
1) selection of parent population
Select 1 age more than, body weight 50 ~ 150g be in the tip sleeper of gonadal maturation phase and 2 ~ 3 ages, more than body weight 500g the Oxyeleotris marmoratus being in the gonadal maturation phase as crossbreed parent;
2) reinforced cultivating of parent population
Tip sleeper and Oxyeleotris marmoratus parent population divide pond to cultivate, every ten thousand tail parent population disposable input living feed fish 3000 ~ 4000kg, and every every ten thousand tail parent populations of 15d supplement 1500 ~ 2000kg afterwards;
3) Sex judging of parent population and property ratio
Enter mating season, differentiate the sex of parent population, raun belly expands, and ovary profile is obvious, and gonapophysis end circle is blunt in fan-shaped, pale red, and gonopore both sides are swelled, without black vegetarian refreshments; Milter body colour is comparatively dark, and belly expands not obvious, and gonapophysis end is tapering triangular in shape, white, and cloacal aperture periphery has black vegetarian refreshments, and extruding belly gently has milky seminal fluid to flow out; Select tip sleeper for maternal, Oxyeleotris marmoratus is male parent, and both male and female are paired into 2 ~ 3:1;
4) artificial induced spawning and fertilization
Artificial induced spawning adopts a pin injection, every kilogram of tip sleeper raun injects No. 2,50 μ g luteotropin releasing hormone d-ala analog and 15mg maleic acid DOM, every kilogram of Oxyeleotris marmoratus milter injection 500IU human chorionic gonadotropin gland sex hormone, when water temperature 28 ~ 30 DEG C, 48 ~ 54h reaches Effect time;
After artificial induced spawning reaches Effect time, extrude ovary gently, take out batch ovum, be put in and fill on the fish dish of physiological saline, then by extruding spermary, add seminal fluid, shake fish dish, makes fertilization even, evenly falls in the 40 order mesh sheet of 20cm*30cm filling fresh water afterwards, often to throw the net sheet 10000 ~ 15000 fertilized eggs, complete in fertilization process 5min;
5) hatching of fertilized egg
After fertilized egg attachment mesh sheet, with Spawning water cleaning 2 ~ 3 times, mesh sheet is soaked in 1ppm liquor potassic permanganate the 2 ~ 3min that sterilizes, be suspended on after sterilization in hatchery, mesh sheet spacing is about 20cm, line-spacing is about 30cm, namely every square of hatchery can hang 50 sheets of throwing the net and is advisable, and hatching process keeps inflation, hatchery water temperature 25 ~ 30 DEG C, dissolved oxygen is greater than 5mg/L, pH value 7.5 ~ 8.5; Through 38h incubation of membrane, then disappear through 48h yolk sac, start flat trip, enter the fry rearing phase;
6) 1.2cm fry rearing
Fry rearing moved on to and cultivate in pond, when fry moves into and cultivates pond, require hatchery and cultivate within pond water pH value difference 0.3, within temperature difference 2 DEG C, cultivate pool area 2m*4m, the depth of water 1.0 ~ 1.2m, puts into prelarva 20 ~ 300,000 tail for every square; After flat trip, prelarva 12 ~ 24h inner opening is ingested, the S type Brachionus 1 time of sooner or later respectively throwing something and feeding every day, density of throwing something and feeding 40 ~ 50/mL; 5th ~ 7d after opening, L-type of throwing something and feeding Brachionus, cladocera and copepod larva; Blowdown every day and change water 1 time, changes water 1/5 at every turn; After seed membrane, through cultivating 10 ~ 15d, larvae growth to 1.0 ~ 1.5cm, point dredge proceed to the 3.0cm fry rearing stage;
7) 3cm specification fry rearing
When fry grows to 1.0 ~ 1.5cm, select indoor 16m
2above cement pit is cultivated, and it is 1500 ~ 2000 tails/m that indoor water mud sump cultivates density
2, throw something and feed water earthworm or living feed fish, blowdown every day and change water 1 time, changes water 1/4 at every turn; Cultivate through 15 ~ 20d, fry growth to 2.5 ~ 3.5cm, a sub-sieve point specification proceeds to the nurture of fish fingerlings stage;
8) nurture of fish fingerlings
Fry receipts are caught a point specification and proceeds to 36m
2carry out nurture of fish fingerlings in above cement pit, it is 600 ~ 800 tails/m that indoor water mud sump cultivates density
2, chilled fish of throwing something and feeding slurry, water earthworm or living feed fish, every day adds, change water, then after 20 ~ 30d, cultivate into the above fingerling of main body specification 8cm, crosses sieve classification and proceeds to adult fish culture pond;
9) marketable fish is formed: cultivate in the native pool, and bait is small-sized fishes and shrimps or chilled fish slurry, and through the cultivation of 6 ~ 12 months, body weight reached more than 150g, namely reached marketable fish size.
embodiment 2
Tip sleeper and Oxyeleotris marmoratus crossbreeding is carried out according to following steps:
1) selection of parent population
Select 1 age more than, body weight 50 ~ 150g, individual healthy and strong, anosis without hinder and be in the tip sleeper of gonadal maturation phase and 2 ~ 3 ages, more than body weight 500g, individual healthy and strong, anosis nothing hinder and the Oxyeleotris marmoratus being in the gonadal maturation phase as crossbreed parent; Above the side crineous vertical stripe of tip sleeper, side and the wide cross band of body back of the body dark brown clear, the lengthwise patch of pectoral fin base portion 2 pitchies is obvious, dorsal fin and anal fin all have pitch black brown stripes, and pectoral fin, abdomeinal fin and tail fin all have the thin horizontal stripe of pitchy; Oxyeleotris marmoratus body colour is yellowish-brown, and side brown plaque is clear, and belly is faint yellow;
2) reinforced cultivating of parent population
Tip sleeper and Oxyeleotris marmoratus parent population divide pond to cultivate, chilled fish of throwing something and feeding slurry (squid) and a small amount of artificial feed, and add appropriate vitamin and mineral matter simultaneously, throw something and feed twice every day, it is 8% of parent population weight that day throws the amount of raising, and feeding volume accounts for 1/3 the morning, and account for 2/3 in the afternoon;
3) Sex judging of parent population and property ratio
Enter mating season, differentiate the sex of parent population, the male and female feature of tip sleeper and Oxyeleotris marmoratus shows approximate, and raun belly expands, and ovary profile is obvious, and gonapophysis end circle is blunt in fan-shaped, pale red, and gonopore both sides are slightly swelled, without black vegetarian refreshments; Milter body colour is comparatively dark, and belly expands not obvious, and gonapophysis end is tapering triangular in shape, white, and cloacal aperture periphery has a small amount of black vegetarian refreshments, and extruding belly gently has milky seminal fluid to flow out; Select tip sleeper for maternal, Oxyeleotris marmoratus is male parent, and both male and female are paired into 3:1;
4) artificial induced spawning and fertilization
Artificial induced spawning adopts a pin injection, every kilogram of tip sleeper raun injects No. 2,40 μ g luteotropin releasing hormone d-ala analog and 20mg maleic acid DOM, every kilogram of Oxyeleotris marmoratus milter injection 400IU human chorionic gonadotropin gland sex hormone, when water temperature 28 DEG C, 54h reaches Effect time;
After artificial induced spawning reaches Effect time, extrude ovary gently, take out batch ovum, be put in and fill on the fish dish of physiological saline, then by extruding spermary, add seminal fluid, and stir with chicken feather, make fertilization even, evenly fall in the 40 order mesh sheet of 20cm*30cm filling fresh water afterwards, often to throw the net sheet 10000 ~ 15000 fertilized eggs, complete in fertilization process 5min;
5) hatching of fertilized egg
After fertilized egg attachment mesh sheet, 3 times are cleaned with Spawning water, mesh sheet is soaked in 1ppm liquor potassic permanganate the 2 ~ 3min that sterilizes, be suspended on after sterilization in hatchery, mesh sheet spacing is about 20cm, line-spacing is about 30cm, namely every square of hatchery can hang 50 sheets of throwing the net and is advisable, and hatching process keeps micro-inflation, hatchery water temperature 25 ~ 30 DEG C, dissolved oxygen is greater than 5mg/L, pH value 7.5 ~ 8.5; Hatch water temperature through about 38h incubation of membrane 28 ~ 30 DEG C time, then disappear through about 48h yolk sac, start flat trip, enter the fry rearing phase;
6) 1.2cm fry rearing
Fry continues to cultivate in hatchery, and after flat trip, prelarva 12 ~ 24h inner opening is ingested, the S type Brachionus 1 time of sooner or later respectively throwing something and feeding every day, density of throwing something and feeding 40 ~ 50/mL; 5th ~ 7d after opening, L-type of progressively throwing something and feeding Brachionus, cladocera and copepod larva; Blowdown every day and change water 1 time, changes water 1/5 at every turn; After seed membrane, through cultivating 10 ~ 15d, larvae growth to about 1.2cm, and the time-division dredge proceed to the 3.0cm fry rearing stage;
7) 3cm specification fry rearing
When fry grows to about 1.2cm, fry needs to turn material, starts to occur killing and devouring phenomenon, by carrying out point thin, a reduction density cultivation in time, be conducive to improving seed growth rate and cultivating survival rate, select outdoor earth pond to cultivate, outdoor earth pond cultivates density 600 ~ 800 tails/m
2, throw something and feed water earthworm or living feed fish (dace), every day adds in right amount, change water; Cultivate through 15 ~ 20d, fry growth is to about 3.0cm, and a timely sub-sieve point specification proceeds to the nurture of fish fingerlings stage;
8) nurture of fish fingerlings
Received by fry and catch a point specification and proceed in outdoor earth pond and carry out nurture of fish fingerlings, outdoor earth pond cultivation density is 250 ~ 300 tails/m
2, chilled fish of throwing something and feeding slurry (squid), water earthworm or living feed fish (dace), every day adds in right amount, change water, then after 20 ~ 30d, cultivate into the above fingerling of main body specification 8cm, and timely sieve classification of crossing proceeds to adult fish culture pond;
9) marketable fish is formed: cultivate in the native pool, and bait is small-sized fishes and shrimps or chilled fish slurry (squid), and through the cultivation of 6 ~ 12 months, body weight reached more than 150g, namely reached marketable fish size.
embodiment 3
Tip sleeper and Oxyeleotris marmoratus crossbreeding is carried out according to following steps:
1) selection of parent population
Select 1 age more than, body weight 50 ~ 150g, individual healthy and strong, anosis without hinder and be in the tip sleeper of gonadal maturation phase and 2 ~ 3 ages, more than body weight 500g, individual healthy and strong, anosis nothing hinder and the Oxyeleotris marmoratus being in the gonadal maturation phase as crossbreed parent; Above the side crineous vertical stripe of tip sleeper, side and the wide cross band of body back of the body dark brown clear, the lengthwise patch of pectoral fin base portion 2 pitchies is obvious, dorsal fin and anal fin all have pitch black brown stripes, and pectoral fin, abdomeinal fin and tail fin all have the thin horizontal stripe of pitchy; Oxyeleotris marmoratus body colour is yellowish-brown, and side brown plaque is clear, and belly is faint yellow;
2) reinforced cultivating of parent population
Tip sleeper and Oxyeleotris marmoratus parent population divide pond to cultivate, every ten thousand tail parent population disposable input living feed fish 4000kg, and every every ten thousand tail parent populations of 15d supplement 2000kg afterwards;
3) Sex judging of parent population and property ratio
Enter mating season, differentiate the sex of parent population, the male and female feature of tip sleeper and Oxyeleotris marmoratus shows approximate, and raun belly expands, and ovary profile is obvious, and gonapophysis end circle is blunt in fan-shaped, pale red, and gonopore both sides are slightly swelled, without black vegetarian refreshments; Milter body colour is comparatively dark, and belly expands not obvious, and gonapophysis end is tapering triangular in shape, white, and cloacal aperture periphery has a small amount of black vegetarian refreshments, and extruding belly gently has milky seminal fluid to flow out; Select tip sleeper for maternal, Oxyeleotris marmoratus is male parent, and both male and female are paired into 2:1;
4) artificial induced spawning and fertilization
Artificial induced spawning adopts a pin injection, every kilogram of tip sleeper raun injects No. 2,60 μ g luteotropin releasing hormone d-ala analog and 20mg maleic acid DOM, every kilogram of Oxyeleotris marmoratus milter injection 600IU human chorionic gonadotropin gland sex hormone, when water temperature 30 DEG C, 48h reaches Effect time;
After artificial induced spawning reaches Effect time, extrude ovary gently, take out batch ovum, be put in and fill on the fish dish of physiological saline, then by extruding spermary, add seminal fluid, shake fish dish, makes fertilization even, evenly falls in the 40 order mesh sheet of 20cm*30cm filling fresh water afterwards, often to throw the net sheet 10000 ~ 15000 fertilized eggs, complete in fertilization process 5min;
5) hatching of fertilized egg
After fertilized egg attachment mesh sheet, 2 times are cleaned with Spawning water, mesh sheet is soaked in 1ppm liquor potassic permanganate the 2 ~ 3min that sterilizes, be suspended on after sterilization in hatchery, mesh sheet spacing is about 20cm, line-spacing is about 30cm, namely every square of hatchery can hang 50 sheets of throwing the net and is advisable, and hatching process keeps micro-inflation, hatchery water temperature 25 ~ 30 DEG C, dissolved oxygen is greater than 5mg/L, pH value 7.5 ~ 8.5; Hatch water temperature through about 38h incubation of membrane 28 ~ 30 DEG C time, then disappear through about 48h yolk sac, start flat trip, enter the fry rearing phase;
6) 1.2cm fry rearing
Fry continues to cultivate in hatchery, and when fry moves into and cultivates pond, require hatchery and cultivate within pond water pH value difference 0.3, within temperature difference 2 DEG C, cultivate pool area 2m*4m, the depth of water 1.0 ~ 1.2m, puts into prelarva 20 ~ 300,000 tail for every square; After flat trip, prelarva 12 ~ 24h inner opening is ingested, the S type Brachionus 1 time of sooner or later respectively throwing something and feeding every day, density of throwing something and feeding 40 ~ 50/mL; 5th ~ 7d after opening, L-type of progressively throwing something and feeding Brachionus, cladocera and copepod larva; Blowdown every day and change water 1 time, changes water 1/5 at every turn; After seed membrane, through cultivating 10 ~ 15d, larvae growth to about 1.2cm, and the time-division dredge proceed to the 3.0cm fry rearing stage;
7) 3cm specification fry rearing
When fry grows to about 1.2cm, fry needs turn material, start to occur killing and devouring phenomenon, by carrying out point thin, a reduction density cultivation in time, being conducive to improving seed growth rate and cultivating survival rate, selecting indoor 16m
2above cement pit is cultivated, and it is 1500-2000 tail/m that indoor water mud sump cultivates density
2, tame chilled fish slurry of throwing something and feeding, add in right amount, change water; Cultivate through 15 ~ 20d, fry growth is to about 3.0cm, and a timely sub-sieve point specification proceeds to the nurture of fish fingerlings stage;
8) nurture of fish fingerlings
When fry growth is to about 3cm, fry receipts are caught a point specification and proceeds to 36m
2carry out nurture of fish fingerlings in above great Chi, it is 600-800 tail/m that indoor water mud sump is suitable for cultivating density
2, chilled fish of throwing something and feeding slurry, water earthworm or living feed fish, every day adds in right amount, change water, then after 20 ~ 30d, cultivate into the above fingerling of main body specification 8cm, and timely sieve classification of crossing proceeds to adult fish culture pond;
9) marketable fish is formed: cultivate in the native pool, and bait is small-sized fishes and shrimps or chilled fish slurry, and through the cultivation of 6 ~ 12 months, body weight reached more than 150g, namely reached marketable fish size.
The above; be only the specific embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, anyly belongs to those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; the change that can expect easily or replacement, all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection domain of claim.
Claims (8)
1. tip sleeper and Oxyeleotris marmoratus cross breeding method, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
1) selection of parent population
Select 1 age more than, body weight 50 ~ 150g be in the tip sleeper of gonadal maturation phase and 2 ~ 3 ages, more than body weight 500g the Oxyeleotris marmoratus being in the gonadal maturation phase as crossbreed parent;
2) reinforced cultivating of parent population
Tip sleeper and Oxyeleotris marmoratus parent population divide pond to cultivate, every ten thousand tail parent population disposable input living feed fish 3000 ~ 4000kg, and every every ten thousand tail parent populations of 15d supplement 1500 ~ 2000kg living feed fish afterwards; Or chilled fish of throwing something and feeding slurry and artificial feed, add vitamin and mineral matter, throw something and feed twice every day, and it is 8 ~ 12% of parent population weight that day throws the amount of raising, and feeding volume accounts for 1/3 the morning, and account for 2/3 in the afternoon simultaneously;
3) Sex judging of parent population and property ratio
Enter mating season, differentiate the sex of parent population, raun belly expands, and ovary profile is obvious, and gonapophysis end circle is blunt in fan-shaped, pale red, and gonopore both sides are swelled, without black vegetarian refreshments; Milter body colour is dark, and belly expands not obvious, and gonapophysis end is tapering triangular in shape, white, and cloacal aperture periphery has black vegetarian refreshments, and extruding belly has milky seminal fluid to flow out; Select tip sleeper for maternal, Oxyeleotris marmoratus is male parent, and both male and female are paired into 2 ~ 3:1;
4) artificial induced spawning and fertilization
Artificial induced spawning adopts a pin injection, tip sleeper raun injection No. 2, luteotropin releasing hormone d-ala analog and maleic acid DOM, Oxyeleotris marmoratus milter injection human chorionic gonadotropin gland sex hormone, and when water temperature 28 ~ 30 DEG C, 48 ~ 54h reaches Effect time;
After artificial induced spawning reaches Effect time, extruding ovary, take out batch ovum, be put in and fill on the fish dish of physiological saline, then by extruding spermary, add seminal fluid, and stir with chicken feather or shake fish dish, make fertilization even, evenly fall in the 40 order mesh sheet of 20cm*30cm filling fresh water afterwards, often to throw the net sheet 10000 ~ 15000 fertilized eggs, complete in fertilization process 5min;
5) hatching of fertilized egg
After fertilized egg attachment mesh sheet, with Spawning water cleaning 2 ~ 3 times, mesh sheet is soaked in liquor potassic permanganate the 2 ~ 3min that sterilizes, be suspended on after sterilization in hatchery, hatching process keeps inflation, hatchery water temperature 25 ~ 30 DEG C, dissolved oxygen is greater than 5mg/L, pH value 7.5 ~ 8.5; Through 35 ~ 40h incubation of membrane, then disappear through 45 ~ 50h yolk sac, start flat trip, enter the fry rearing phase;
6) 1.2cm fry rearing
The fry rearing stage is in hatchery or move on to cultivate in pond and carry out, and cultivate pool area 2m*4m, the depth of water 1.0 ~ 1.2m, puts into prelarva 20 ~ 300,000 tail for every square; After flat trip, prelarva 12 ~ 24h inner opening is ingested, the S type Brachionus 1 time of sooner or later respectively throwing something and feeding every day, density of throwing something and feeding 40 ~ 50/mL; 5th ~ 7d after opening, L-type of throwing something and feeding Brachionus, cladocera and copepod larva; Blowdown every day and change water 1 time, changes water 1/5 at every turn; After seed membrane, through cultivating 10 ~ 15d, larvae growth to 1.0 ~ 1.5cm, point dredge proceed to the 3.0cm fry rearing stage;
7) 3cm specification fry rearing
When fry grows to 1.0 ~ 1.5cm, select indoor 16m
2above cement pit or outdoor earth pond are cultivated, and it is 1500 ~ 2000 tails/m that indoor water mud sump cultivates density
2, throw something and feed water earthworm or living feed fish, blowdown every day and change water 1 time, changes water 1/4 at every turn; Outdoor earth pond cultivates density 600 ~ 800 tails/m
2, throw something and feed water earthworm or living feed fish, every day adds, change water; Cultivate through 15 ~ 20d, fry growth to 2.5 ~ 3.5cm, a sub-sieve point specification proceeds to the nurture of fish fingerlings stage;
8) nurture of fish fingerlings
Fry receipts are caught a point specification and proceeds to 36m
2carry out nurture of fish fingerlings in above cement pit or outdoor earth pond, it is 600 ~ 800 tails/m that indoor water mud sump cultivates density
2, it is 250 ~ 300 tails/m that outdoor earth pond cultivates density
2, chilled fish of throwing something and feeding slurry, water earthworm or living feed fish, every day adds, change water, then after 20 ~ 30d, cultivate into the above fingerling of main body specification 8cm, crosses sieve classification and proceeds to adult fish culture pond.
2. tip sleeper according to claim 1 and Oxyeleotris marmoratus cross breeding method, is characterized in that, described living feed fish is dace.
3. tip sleeper according to claim 1 and Oxyeleotris marmoratus cross breeding method, is characterized in that, described chilled fish slurry is squid.
4. tip sleeper according to claim 1 and Oxyeleotris marmoratus cross breeding method, it is characterized in that, described artificial induced spawning is with fertilization, every kilogram of tip sleeper raun injection 40 ~ 60 No. 2, μ g luteotropin releasing hormone d-ala analogs and 15 ~ 20mg maleic acid DOM, every kilogram of Oxyeleotris marmoratus milter injection 400 ~ 600IU human chorionic gonadotropin gland sex hormone.
5. tip sleeper according to claim 1 and Oxyeleotris marmoratus cross breeding method, is characterized in that, in the hatching of described fertilized egg, the spacing of mesh sheet in hatchery is 20cm, and line-spacing is 30cm.
6. tip sleeper according to claim 1 and Oxyeleotris marmoratus cross breeding method, is characterized in that, in the hatching of described fertilized egg, the concentration of liquor potassic permanganate is 1ppm.
7. according to tip sleeper according to claim 1 and Oxyeleotris marmoratus cross breeding method, it is characterized in that, in described 1.2cm fry rearing, when fry moves into and cultivates pond, require hatchery and cultivate within pond water pH value difference 0.3, within temperature difference 2 DEG C.
8. tip sleeper according to claim 1 and Oxyeleotris marmoratus cross breeding method, it is characterized in that, also comprise step 9) marketable fish to form: cultivate in the native pool, bait is small-sized fishes and shrimps or throws chilled fish slurry, through the cultivation of 6 ~ 12 months, body weight reaches more than 150g, namely reaches marketable fish size.
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