CN115251010B - Hybridization breeding method for female salmon and male wide fin - Google Patents
Hybridization breeding method for female salmon and male wide fin Download PDFInfo
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- CN115251010B CN115251010B CN202210903334.4A CN202210903334A CN115251010B CN 115251010 B CN115251010 B CN 115251010B CN 202210903334 A CN202210903334 A CN 202210903334A CN 115251010 B CN115251010 B CN 115251010B
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New breeds of animals
- A01K67/027—New breeds of vertebrates
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention provides a method for crossbreeding female salmon and male wide fin , which comprises the steps of parent fish selection and cultivation, artificial spawning, artificial insemination, artificial incubation and fry cultivation. The invention provides a hybridization breeding method with strong operability, good adaptability and high spawning induction rate, fertilization rate and hatching rate, and the cultured hybrid fish has the characteristics of fast growth and feeding habits, has no large eating phenomenon, has high breeding survival rate and is suitable for large-scale breeding popularization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of freshwater fish crossbreeding, in particular to a method for crossbreeding female equine kohlrabi and male wide fin .
Background
The salmon (Opsariichthys bidens) belongs to the order of carp, the family of carp and the genus of salmon, is widely distributed in clear water bodies such as east Asian rivers, lakes, mountain stream and the like, and is loved by consumers due to tender meat, delicious taste and high nutritive value. Wide fins (Zacco platypus) belong to the genus cyprinid, family cyprinid, and are widely distributed in China and often inhabit shoal river sections with turbulent water flow, pebbles and gravel substrates. The wide fin meat is tender, delicious and rich in nutrition; the male fish has bright color and certain ornamental value.
In recent years, salmon and wide fin are the special aquaculture development objects and are highly valued by fishery authorities and breeders. The phenomenon of large eating and small eating of the salmon belonging to carnivorous fishes during the breeding and cultivation is serious, so that the survival rate is reduced; the wide fin belongs to omnivorous fish, and has no big eating phenomenon. The salmon and the wide fin are hybridized to obtain excellent properties of the salmon and the wide fin, so that the growth speed can be improved, the problem of great eating and small eating can be solved, the adaptability to the breeding environment can be improved, the higher-density breeding can be performed, the breeding cost can be reduced, and the breeding economic benefit can be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for hybridization breeding of female salmon and male wide fin , which aims to make up for the gap in the field of hybridization breeding of wide fin and salmon.
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a method for crossbreeding female salmon with male wide fin , comprising the following steps:
s1: selecting and culturing parent fish:
s11: selection of parent fish: selecting healthy individuals with typical biological characteristics as candidate parent fish 2-3 months before breeding, wherein the candidate parent fish comprises female parent fish of salmon and male parent fish with wide fins ;
s12: cultivation of parent fish: sterilizing the parent fish selected in the step S11 with povidone iodine solution for 3-5min, placing the parent fish selected in a culture pond after the sterilization is finished, and carrying out pond division culture, wherein during the culture period, 1 time of compound feed with the crude protein content of 40% of vitamin E and yellow meal worm are respectively fed to the parent fish selected in the beginning and the end of the culture period; feeding 1 time of compound feed with crude protein content of 35% and yellow meal worm to parent fishes of the wide fins in the morning and evening respectively;
s2: artificial induced spawning: after the parent fish of the salmon and the parent fish of the wide fin in the step S12 are sexually mature, carrying out induced spawning injection on the parent fish of the salmon and the parent fish of the wide fin respectively, and after the injection is finished, respectively placing the parent fish of the salmon and the parent fish of the wide fin into different to-be-spawned pools for cultivation;
s3: artificial insemination: capturing parent fish of the salmon and parent fish of the wide fin to be produced after the S2 cultivation, respectively squeezing spawns of the parent fish of the salmon and semen of the parent fish of the wide fin into 2 clean and smooth containers, mixing the semen and spawns into 1 container, adding normal saline to activate sperms and spawns for fertilization after mixing, and washing spawns with clean dilute water for 3 times after standing for 1min to obtain fertilized spawns;
s4: and (3) artificial incubation: placing the fertilized eggs obtained in the step S3 into a hatching frame, placing the fertilized eggs into a hatching pond for incubation, and obtaining and cultivating larval fish;
s5: breeding hybrid fish fries: transferring the fries incubated in the step S4 to a fry culture pond for culture to obtain fries bred by hybridization of female salmon and male wide fins .
As a preferable solution, in the step S11, the number ratio of the parent fish of the salmon to the parent fish of the wide fin is (1-1.5): 1.
in a preferred embodiment, in the step S11, the parent fish of the salmon has an age of 1-2 years, wherein the weight of the parent fish of the salmon is 25-35g, and the weight of the parent fish of the salmon of the 2 years is 40-60g; the parent fish with wide fins has an age of 1-2 years, wherein the weight of 1-year-old fish is 15-25g, and the weight of 2-year-old fish is 20-30g.
As a preferable scheme, in the step S12, the concentration of povidone-iodine in the povidone-iodine solution is 10mg/L, and the area of the cultivation pool is 50-100m 2 The rectangular cement pool is 0.8-1.0m deep and 0.6-0.8m deep, the length direction of the pool bottom is inclined from one end of the water inlet to one end of the water outlet by 1.5/100-2/100, and water supply and aeration facility equipment is arranged in the pool.
In the preferred scheme, in the step S12, the content of vitamin E in the compound feed with the vitamin E added content of 40% is 100-200mg/kg, and the feeding amount of the compound feed with the vitamin E added content of 40% and yellow meal worm is 2-3% and 1-2% of the parent fish weight of the salmon; the feeding amount of the compound feed with the crude protein content of 35 percent and the yellow meal worm is 2-3 percent and 1-2 percent of the weight of the parent fish with the broad fin .
Preferably, in the step S12, the cultivation density is 2-6 tails/m during the cultivation of the parent fish 2 The cultivation water is clean fresh water which is subjected to filtration and disinfection, the daily exchange water quantity is 200-300% by adopting a running water cultivation mode, the water temperature is gradually increased from 13-15 ℃ to about 24 ℃, the pH is 7.0-7.2, the dissolved oxygen is more than 6mg/L, the sewage is absorbed once a day, and the water environment of the pond is kept good.
In the step S2, the oxytocic solution injected into the parent fish of the salmon is chorionic gonadotrophin HCG solution, and the injection dosage is 800-1000IU/kg; the oxytocic solution injected into parent fish with wide fin is chorionic gonadotrophin HCG and luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analogue LRH-A 3 The mixed solution of the solution and the injection dosage are respectively 500-600IU/kg and 2.0-3.0 mug/kg; the pool to be produced is a rectangular cement pool with the area of 50-60m 2 The depth of the pool is 0.6-0.8m, the water depth is 0.5-0.6m, the length direction of the pool bottom is inclined from one end of the water inlet to one end of the water outlet by 1.5/100-2/100, the thickness of the coarse sand paved on the pool bottom is 3-5cm, and water supply and aeration facility equipment are arranged; and the pond to be produced continuously flows water and is inflated to increase oxygen, the daily exchange water quantity is 300-400%, the water temperature is kept at 24-26 ℃, and the cultivation time of the parent fish of the salmon and the parent fish with the wide fins in the pond to be produced is 14-17h.
Preferably, in the step S4, the incubation conditions are as follows: the illumination intensity is less than 3000Lx, the water temperature in the hatching pond is 24-26 ℃, the pH is 7.0-7.2, the dissolved oxygen is more than 6mg/L, the daily water exchange amount is 200-300%, and the larval fish is hatched after 39-44h of incubation; the hatching pool is a rectangular cement pool, the hatching frame is a wooden frame, and the bottom of the hatching frame is a 40-mesh screen.
In the step S4, fertilized eggs are uniformly spread on a screen mesh at the bottom of the hatching frame, and 1.5-2 ten thousand fertilized eggs are placed in each hatching frame; the area of the hatching pond is 10-15m 2 The pool depth is 0.6-0.8m, the water depth is 0.3-0.4m, the length direction of the pool bottom is inclined by 1.5/100-2/100 from one end of the water inlet to one end of the water outlet, water supply and aeration facility equipment is provided, 10 hatching frames are uniformly placed in each hatching pool, and the frame bottom is below 5cm of the water surface.
Preferably, in the step S5, the fry rearing pond has an area of 50-60m 2 The rectangular cement pool is 0.6-0.8m deep and 0.5-0.6m deep, the long direction of the pool bottom is inclined by 1.5/100-2/100 from one end of the water inlet to one end of the water outlet, and water supply and aeration facility equipment is arranged in the pool; the time for transferring the fries to the fry rearing pond is 3 days after the fries are hatched; the fish fry cultivation conditions are as follows: protection deviceMaintaining the illumination intensity in the culture pond to be less than 3000Lx, the water temperature to be 24-27 ℃, the pH to be 7.0-7.2 and the dissolved oxygen to be more than 6 mg/L; feeding the fries in an opening at the 4 th day after hatching; the fry cultivation measures are as follows: according to the time after the fish fry is hatched, the cultivation density, the type and feeding mode of the bait (feed), the daily feeding quantity, the daily feeding times, cultivation management measures and the like are adjusted, and the average total length of the fish fry reaches more than 3cm after about 45 days of cultivation.
Compared with the prior art, the method for cross breeding of the female salmon and the male wide fin has the following technical advantages:
the hybridization breeding method for female equine kohlrabi and male wide fin provided by the invention has the advantages that the hybridization breeding is carried out on female equine kohlrabi and male wide fin , so that the hybridization breeding method is strong in operability, good in adaptability and high in spawning induction rate, fertilization rate and hatching rate; the hybrid fish obtained by the cultivation is omnivorous, has fast growth, is sterile, has no big eating phenomenon, has high cultivation survival rate, and is suitable for large-scale cultivation popularization; the crude protein content of the hybridized fish bred by the method is high, the hybridized fish has a great hybridization advantage, and the bred hybridized fish is suitable for being used as a subject for the development of facility culture or pond culture industry and also can be used as a subject for ornamental fish culture. The popularization of the breeding of the hybrid fish in inland areas of China has important significance for improving the breeding economic benefit, promoting the rural fishery economy, improving the fishery efficiency, improving the income of fishermen and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the front structure of a hatching frame;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of a structure of a hatching frame for placing a hatching pond.
Detailed Description
The following description of the present invention will be made clearly and fully, and it is apparent that the embodiments described are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The invention provides a method for hybridization breeding of female salmon and male wide fin , which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: selection and cultivation of parent fish
S11: selection of parent fish: 2 months before breeding (at the end of 3 months to the beginning of 4 months), selecting healthy and healthy individuals with no diseases and no injury, intact fin and scale, normal body shape and body color and typical biological characteristics from artificial breeding groups as candidate parent fishes, wherein the female fishes of the 1 st age of the salmon are 25-35g in weight, 40-60g in weight, 15-25g in weight, and 20-30g in weight, and the male fishes of the 2 nd age in a ratio of 1:1-1.5:1 in age of the salmon.
S11: cultivation of parent fish: sterilizing parent fish with 10mg/L povidone iodine solution for 3-5min, and culturing in separate tanks with density of 2-6 tail/m 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The cultivation pool has an area of 50-100m 2 The rectangular cement pool is 0.8-1.0m deep and 0.6-0.8m deep, the length direction of the pool bottom is inclined by 1.5/100-2/100 from one end of the water inlet to one end of the water outlet, and water supply and aeration facility equipment is arranged. During the cultivation period, feeding the female salmon with compound feed with the vitamin E of 100-200mg/kg and the crude protein content of 40% and yellow meal worm for 1 time in the morning and at the evening, wherein the daily feeding amount of the compound feed is 2-3% of the weight of the fish, and the yellow meal worm is 1-2% of the weight of the fish; feeding the male fish with the wide fin with compound feed with the crude protein content of 35% and yellow meal worm for 1 time in the morning and at the evening, wherein the daily feeding amount of the compound feed is 2-3% of the weight of the fish, and the yellow meal worm is 1-2% of the weight of the fish, and the compound feed is specific to the water temperature, weather and feeding conditions; the cultivation water is clean fresh water which is subjected to filtration and disinfection, the daily exchange water quantity is 200-300% by adopting a running water cultivation mode, the water temperature is gradually increased from 13-15 ℃ to about 24 ℃, the pH is 7.0-7.2, the dissolved oxygen is more than 6mg/L, the sewage is absorbed once a day, and the water environment of the pond is kept good. And (5) culturing until the beginning of the month from the end of June, and artificially hastening parturition by the gonad maturation of the parent fish.
S2: artificial induced spawning
Selecting female fish of Male kou with enlarged and soft abdomen, kong Gongrun reproduction and prominent, and male fish with bright body color, obvious kissing pearl star, and wide fin with slightly squeezed abdomen and capable of outflow of milky semen when the initial water temperature of five months to six months is stabilized above 24deg.C, and promotingAnd (5) producing. Female fish of the equine kou adopts chorionic gonadotrophin HCG solution as oxytocic, and performs primary injection on the base of pectoral fin with the injection dosage of 800-1000IU/kg; wide fin males use chorionic gonadotrophin HCG and luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analog LRH-A 3 The mixed solution of the solutions is used as the oxytocic solution for one-time injection of pectoral fin base, and the injection dosage is 500-600IU/kg and 2.0-3.0 mug/kg. Then, respectively placing the injected female salmon and male wide fin into two pools to be produced; the pool to be produced is a rectangular cement pool with the area of 50-60m 2 The depth of the pool is 0.6-0.8m, the water depth is 0.5-0.6m, the length direction of the pool bottom is inclined from one end of the water inlet to one end of the water outlet by 1.5/100-2/100, the thickness of the coarse sand paved on the pool bottom is 3-5cm, and water supply and aeration facility equipment are arranged; continuously flowing water and aerating for oxygenation, wherein the daily water exchange amount is 300-400%, the water temperature is kept at 24-26 ℃, and the effect time of the parent fish in the pool to be produced is reached after 14-17h.
S3: artificial insemination
After the effect time is reached, female and male parent fishes to be produced are caught, body surface moisture is wiped by a clean towel, female fish eggs and male fish semen are respectively extruded into 2 clean and smooth containers, then the semen eggs are mixed into 1 container, dry feathers are used for stirring uniformly, the semen and the eggs are fully mixed, then proper physiological saline is added for activating the sperms and the eggs to fertilize, and after standing for 1min, the eggs are washed by clean fresh water for 3 times, so as to obtain fertilized eggs.
S4: artificial hatching
The artificial incubation is carried out in an indoor incubation pool, fertilized eggs are put into an incubation frame and are placed into the incubation pool for incubation. The hatching frame is a wooden frame with the specification of 60cm multiplied by 50cm multiplied by 5cm, the frame bottom is a tiled 40-mesh screen, and as shown in fig. 1, the front structure of the hatching frame is schematically shown; the hatching pool is a rectangular cement pool with the area of 10-15m 2 The pool depth is 0.6-0.8m, the water depth is 0.3-0.4m, the length direction of the pool bottom is inclined by 1.5/100-2/100 from one end of the water inlet to one end of the water outlet, water supply and aeration facility equipment is arranged, 10 hatching frames are uniformly arranged in each hatching pool, the frame bottom is below 5cm of the water surface, and the structure schematic diagram of the hatching frames arranged in the hatching pool is shown in fig. 2. Uniformly dispersing fertilized eggs on a screen mesh at the bottom of an incubation frame, placing 1.5-2.0 ten thousand eggs in each frame, incubating under the condition of aeration and running water, and keeping the incubationThe illumination intensity in the chemical tank is less than 3000Lx, the water temperature is 24-26 ℃, the pH is 7.0-7.2, the dissolved oxygen is more than 6mg/L, and the daily exchange water quantity is 200-300%. And hatching the fries after 39-44 h.
S5: hybrid fry rearing
And transferring the fries to a fry culture pond for culture on the 3 rd day after the fries are hatched. The cultivation pool is an indoor rectangular cement pool with the area of 50-60m 2 The depth of the pool is 0.6-0.8m, the depth of water is 0.5-0.6m, the length direction of the bottom of the pool is inclined by 1.5/100-2/100 from one end of the water inlet to one end of the water outlet, and the pool is provided with water supply and aeration oxygenation facilities. Cultivating fish fries under the condition of aeration and running water, keeping the illumination intensity in a cultivation pool to be less than 3000Lx, the water temperature to be 24-27 ℃, and the pH to be 7.0-7.2, wherein the dissolved oxygen is more than 6 mg/L; the fries were ingested at the 4 th day after hatching, after which the cultivation density, the kind of bait (feed) and the feeding, cultivation management etc. are shown in table 1.
In the cultivation process, the cultivation density is reduced according to the growth condition of the fries and the time division pool so as to ensure the fries to grow faster. After about 45 days of cultivation, the average total length of the fries is more than 3 cm.
The fish fries cultivated by the method provided by the invention are provided with the average total length of the fish fries obtained by adjusting the cultivation density, the type of baits (feeds) and feeding mode, daily feeding amount, daily feeding times and cultivation management measures according to the time after the fish fries are hatched as shown in the table 1.
TABLE 1 cultivation Density, bait (feed) species, feeding, cultivation management, etc
The above-described embodiments of the present invention are explained and illustrated below in conjunction with specific experimental data:
embodiment one:
(1) Selection and cultivation of parent fish
2 months (at the end of 3 months) before breeding, selecting healthy individuals with no disease and injury, intact fin and scale, normal body shape and body color and typical biological characteristics from artificial breeding populations as candidate parent fishes, wherein 220 tails of 2-year-old salmon female fishes with weight of 40-60g are selected from the population, and 2-year-old wide fishes with weight of 20-30g are selected from the populationFins male fish 160 tail. Sterilizing selected parent fish of Armillaria mellea and wide fin with 10mg/L povidone iodine for 3-5min, and respectively culturing in two culture ponds with area of 50m 2 The rectangular cement pool is 0.8-1.0m deep and 0.6-0.8m deep, the long direction of the pool bottom inclines by 1.5/100-2/100 from one end of the water inlet to one end of the water outlet, and the rectangular cement pool is provided with water supply and aeration oxygenation facilities. During the cultivation period, feeding the female salmon with compound feed with 200mg/kg vitamin E and 40% crude protein content and yellow meal worm for 1 time in the morning and evening, wherein the daily feeding amount of the compound feed is 2-3% of the weight of the fish, and the yellow meal worm is 1-2% of the weight of the fish; feeding compound feed with crude protein content of 35% and yellow meal worm to the wide fin for 1 time in the morning and at the evening, wherein the daily feeding amount of the compound feed is 2-3% of the weight of the fish, and the yellow meal worm is 1-2% of the weight of the fish, and the compound feed is determined according to the water temperature, weather and feeding condition; the cultivation water is clean fresh water after filtration and disinfection, the daily exchange water quantity is 200-300% by adopting a running water cultivation mode, the water temperature is gradually increased from 13-15 ℃ to about 24 ℃, the pH value is 7.0-7.2, the dissolved oxygen is more than 6mg/L, the sewage is absorbed once a day, and the water environment of the pond is kept good.
(2) Artificial induced spawning
When the water temperature at the bottom of the five months is stabilized above 24 ℃, 180 tails of female fishes with enlarged and soft abdomen, kong Gongrun reproduction and prominence are selected, 125 tails of male fishes with bright body color, obvious kissing pearl star and light extrusion abdomen capable of flowing out milky semen are selected for artificial induced spawning. Female fish of the equine kou adopts chorionic gonadotrophin HCG solution as oxytocic, and performs primary injection on the base of pectoral fin with the injection dosage of 800IU/kg; wide fin males use chorionic gonadotrophin HCG and luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analog LRH-A 3 The mixed solution of the solutions is used as the oxytocic solution, and the pectoral fin base is injected once, and the injection dosage is 500IU/kg and 3.0 mug/kg. Then the injected female salmon and male wide fin are respectively put into two pools to be produced, the pools to be produced are rectangular cement pools, and the area is 60m 2 The depth of the pool is 0.6-0.8m, the water depth is 0.5-0.6m, the length direction of the pool bottom is inclined from one end of the water inlet to one end of the water outlet by 1.5/100-2/100, the thickness of the coarse sand paved on the pool bottom is 4-5cm, and the pool bottom is provided with water supply and aeration facility equipment. Continuously flowing water and inflating to increase oxygen during the production period,the daily exchange water quantity is 300-400%, the water temperature is kept at 24-25 ℃, the effect time is reached after 16-17h, and the female fish catalytic yield is 92%.
(3) Artificial insemination
After the effect time is reached, female and male parent fishes to be produced are caught, surface moisture is wiped by a clean towel, female fish eggs and male fish semen are respectively extruded into 2 clean and smooth containers, then the semen eggs are mixed into 1 container, dry feathers are used for stirring uniformly, the semen and the eggs are fully mixed, then proper amount of normal saline is added for activating the sperms and the eggs to fertilize, and the eggs are washed with clean fresh water for 3 times after standing for 1 min. Mature eggs 332660 and fertilized eggs 293410 are obtained together, and the fertilization rate is 88.2%.
(4) Artificial hatching
The artificial incubation is carried out in an indoor incubation pool, fertilized eggs are put into an incubation frame and are placed into the incubation pool for incubation. The hatching frame is a wooden frame with the specification of 60cm multiplied by 50cm multiplied by 5cm, and the bottom of the frame is a tiled 40-mesh screen; the hatching pool is a rectangular cement pool with the area of 10m 2 The pool depth is 0.6-0.8m, the water depth is 0.3-0.4m, the length direction of the pool bottom is inclined by 1.5/100-2/100 from one end of the water inlet to one end of the water outlet, water supply and aeration facility equipment is provided, 10 hatching frames are uniformly placed in each hatching pool, and the frame bottom is below 5cm of the water surface. Fertilized eggs are evenly spread on a screen mesh at the bottom of an incubation frame, 1.5-2.0 ten thousand grains are placed in each frame, the incubation is carried out under the condition of aeration and running water, the illumination intensity in the incubation pool is kept to be less than 3000Lx, the water temperature is 24-25 ℃, the pH is 7.0-7.2, the dissolved oxygen is more than 6mg/L, and the daily exchange water quantity is 200-300%. Incubating the fries for 41-44 h. And (5) hatching the larvae 236490, wherein the hatching rate is 80.6%.
(5) Hybrid fry rearing
And transferring the fries to a fry culture pond for culture on the 3 rd day after the fries are hatched. The cultivation pool is an indoor rectangular cement pool with the area of 60m 2 The depth of the pool is 0.6-0.8m, the depth of water is 0.5-0.6m, the length direction of the bottom of the pool is inclined by 1.5/100-2/100 from one end of the water inlet to one end of the water outlet, and the pool is provided with water supply and aeration oxygenation facilities. Cultivating fish fries under the condition of aeration and running water, keeping the illumination intensity in a cultivation pool to be less than 3000Lx, the water temperature to be 24-26 ℃, and the pH to be 7.0-7.2, wherein the dissolved oxygen is more than 6 mg/L; the fries are ingested in the opening at the 4 th day after hatching, and the density is cultivated,The types of feeds and feeding and cultivation management are shown in Table 2.
In the cultivation process, the cultivation density is reduced according to the growth condition of the fries and the time division pool so as to ensure the fries to grow faster. After about 45 days of cultivation, the 181150 fish fries with the average total length of more than 3cm are obtained, and the cultivation survival rate of the fish fries reaches 76.6 percent.
The average total length of the fries obtained by culturing the obtained fries by the method of this example according to the time after the fries are hatched, and the culturing density, the type of bait (feed) and the feeding mode, the daily feeding amount, the daily feeding times and the average total length of the fries obtained by the culturing management means are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 cultivation Density, bait (feed) species, feeding, cultivation management, etc
Embodiment two:
(1) Selection and cultivation of parent fish
2 months before breeding (at the beginning of 4 months), healthy individuals with no disease and no injury, intact fin and scale, normal body shape and body color and typical biological characteristics are selected from artificial breeding groups as candidate parent fishes, wherein the female fishes of 1-year-old salmon with the weight of 25-35g are 350 tails, and the male fishes of 1-year-old broad fins with the weight of 15-25g are 260 tails. Sterilizing selected parent fish of Armillaria mellea and wide fin with 10mg/L povidone iodine for 3-5min, and respectively culturing in two culture tanks with area of 100m 2 The rectangular cement pool is 0.8-1.0m deep and 0.6-0.8m deep, the long direction of the pool bottom inclines by 1.5/100-2/100 from one end of the water inlet to one end of the water outlet, and the rectangular cement pool is provided with water supply and aeration oxygenation facilities. During the cultivation period, feeding the female salmon with compound feed and yellow meal worm with the vitamin E of 100mg/kg and the crude protein content of 40 percent for 1 time in the morning and at the evening, wherein the daily feeding amount of the compound feed is 2-3 percent of the weight of the fish, and the yellow meal worm is 1-2 percent of the weight of the fish; feeding compound feed with crude protein content of 35% and yellow meal worm to the broad fin for 1 time in the morning and in the evening, wherein the daily feeding amount of the compound feed is 2-3% of the weight of the fish, and the yellow meal worm is 1-2% of the weight of the fish, specifically depending on water temperature, weather and intakeFood conditions; the cultivation water is clean fresh water after filtration and disinfection, the daily exchange water quantity is 200-300% by adopting a running water cultivation mode, the water temperature is gradually increased from 13-15 ℃ to about 24 ℃, the pH value is 7.0-7.2, the dissolved oxygen is more than 6mg/L, the sewage is absorbed once a day, and the water environment of the pond is kept good.
(2) Artificial induced spawning
When the water temperature is stabilized above 24 ℃ in the early six months, the male fish 280 tails with enlarged and soft abdomen, kong Gongrun reproduction and prominence are selected, the body color is bright, the elbows are obvious, and 180 tails of male fish with milky semen can flow out from the abdomen are lightly squeezed, so that artificial induced spawning is performed. Female fish of the equine kou adopts chorionic gonadotrophin HCG solution as oxytocic, and performs primary injection on the base of pectoral fin with the injection dosage of 1000IU/kg; wide fin males use chorionic gonadotrophin HCG and luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analog LRH-A 3 The mixed solution of the solutions is used as the oxytocic solution, and the pectoral fin base is injected once, and the injection dosage is 600IU/kg and 2.0 mug/kg. Then the injected female salmon and male wide fin are respectively put into two pools to be produced, wherein the pools to be produced are rectangular cement pools with the area of 50m 2 The depth of the pool is 0.6-0.8m, the water depth is 0.5-0.6m, the length direction of the pool bottom is inclined from one end of the water inlet to one end of the water outlet by 1.5/100-2/100, the thickness of the coarse sand paved on the pool bottom is 3-4cm, and the pool bottom is provided with water supply and aeration facility equipment. Continuously flowing water and aerating for oxygenation during the production period, wherein the daily water exchange amount is 300-400%, the water temperature is kept at 25-26 ℃, the effect time is reached after 14-15h, and the female fish catalytic yield is 93%.
(3) Artificial insemination
After the effect time is reached, female and male parent fishes to be produced are caught, surface moisture is wiped by a clean towel, female fish eggs and male fish semen are respectively extruded into 2 clean and smooth containers, then the semen eggs are mixed into 1 container, dry feathers are used for stirring uniformly, the semen and the eggs are fully mixed, then proper amount of normal saline is added for activating the sperms and the eggs to fertilize, and the eggs are washed with clean fresh water for 3 times after standing for 1 min. Mature eggs 261560 are obtained together, the fertilized eggs are 229130, and the fertilization rate is 87.6%.
(4) Artificial hatching
The artificial hatching is carried out in an indoor hatching pond, fertilized eggs are put into the hatching pondIn the frame, the cells are placed in a hatching pond for incubation. The hatching frame is a wooden frame with the specification of 60cm multiplied by 50cm multiplied by 5cm, and the bottom of the frame is a tiled 40-mesh screen; the hatching pool is a rectangular cement pool with the area of 15m 2 The pool depth is 0.6-0.8m, the water depth is 0.3-0.4m, the length direction of the pool bottom is inclined by 1.5/100-2/100 from one end of the water inlet to one end of the water outlet, water supply and aeration facility equipment is provided, 10 hatching frames are uniformly placed in each hatching pool, and the frame bottom is below 5cm of the water surface. Fertilized eggs are evenly spread on a screen mesh at the bottom of an incubation frame, 1.5-2.0 ten thousand grains are placed in each frame, the incubation is carried out under the condition of aeration and running water, the illumination intensity in the incubation pool is kept to be less than 3000Lx, the water temperature is 25-26 ℃, the pH is 7.0-7.2, the dissolved oxygen is more than 6mg/L, and the daily exchange water quantity is 200-300%. And hatching the fries after 39-42 h. The hatching rate of the hatched fries 188210 is 82.1 percent.
(5) Hybrid fry rearing
And transferring the fries to a fry culture pond for culture on the 3 rd day after the fries are hatched. The cultivation pool is an indoor rectangular cement pool with the area of 50m 2 The depth of the pool is 0.6-0.8m, the depth of water is 0.5-0.6m, the length direction of the bottom of the pool is inclined by 1.5/100-2/100 from one end of the water inlet to one end of the water outlet, and the pool is provided with water supply and aeration oxygenation facilities. Cultivating fish fries under the condition of aeration and running water, keeping the illumination intensity in a cultivation pool to be less than 3000Lx, the water temperature to be 25-27 ℃, and the pH to be 7.0-7.2, wherein the dissolved oxygen is more than 6 mg/L; the fries were ingested at the 4 th day after hatching, after which the cultivation density, the kind of bait (feed) and the feeding, cultivation management etc. are shown in Table 3.
In the cultivation process, the cultivation density is reduced according to the growth condition of the fries and the time division pool so as to ensure the fries to grow faster. After about 45 days of cultivation, the 147180 fish fries with the average total length of more than 3cm are obtained, and the cultivation survival rate of the fish fries reaches 78.2 percent.
The fish fries obtained by the cultivation method in this example are shown in table 3, and the average total length of the fish fries obtained by adjusting the cultivation density, the type of bait (feed) and feeding mode, daily feeding amount, daily feeding times and cultivation management measures according to the time after the fish fries are hatched:
TABLE 3 cultivation Density, bait (feed) species, feeding, cultivation management, etc
According to the invention, female salmon and male wide-fin parent fish are selected from the artificial breeding population 2 months before breeding, and are cultivated in a cultivation pond under the conditions of flowing water and inflation through nutrition fortification, so that the maturation rate of the parent fish is improved; by injecting the spawning induction liquid into the sexually mature parent fish, spawning is induced in a to-be-spawned pond with sand paved at the bottom of the pond under the conditions of running water and inflation, so that the spawning induction rate of the parent fish is improved; the fertilization rate is improved through dry insemination; the hatching frame is adopted to hold eggs, and the eggs are placed in the hatching pond to hatch under the conditions of temperature control, light control, aeration and running water, so that the hatching rate is improved. By timely adjusting the fry cultivation density, the type and feeding mode of baits, daily feeding amount, daily feeding times and cultivation management measures, the fry cultivation survival rate is improved.
According to the invention, through experiments and researches on hybridization breeding of the Makou fish (female parent) and the Xof the wide fin (female parent), the hybridized fish fries with the length of about 3cm can be cultivated; the breeding comparison test shows that the growth of the filial generation is obviously faster than that of the parent, and the gonad development is finally stopped in the III phase, so that the sterility of the filial fish can be judged; the crude protein content is obviously higher than that of the parent, and shows a certain hybridization advantage. The hybrid fish is suitable for being used as a subject of the development of facility culture or pond culture industry and also can be used as a subject of ornamental fish culture. The popularization of the breeding of the hybrid fish in inland areas of China has important significance for improving the breeding economic benefit, promoting the rural fishery economy, improving the fishery efficiency, improving the income of fishermen and the like.
Although the present disclosure is described above, the scope of protection of the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Various changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure, and these changes and modifications will fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for crossbreeding female salmon with male wide fins , comprising the steps of:
s1: selecting and culturing parent fish:
s11: selection of parent fish: selecting healthy individuals with typical biological characteristics as candidate parent fish 2-3 months before breeding, wherein the candidate parent fish comprises female parent fish of salmon and male parent fish with wide fins ;
s12: cultivation of parent fish: sterilizing the parent fish selected in the step S11 with povidone iodine solution for 3-5min, placing the parent fish selected in a culture pond after the sterilization is finished, and carrying out pond division culture, wherein during the culture period, 1 time of compound feed with the crude protein content of 40% of vitamin E and yellow meal worm are respectively fed to the parent fish selected in the beginning and the end of the culture period; feeding 1 time of compound feed with crude protein content of 35% and yellow meal worm to parent fishes of the wide fins in the morning and evening respectively;
s2: artificial induced spawning: after the parent fish of the salmon and the parent fish of the wide fin in the step S12 are sexually mature, carrying out induced spawning injection on the parent fish of the salmon and the parent fish of the wide fin respectively, and after the injection is finished, respectively placing the parent fish of the salmon and the parent fish of the wide fin into different to-be-spawned pools for cultivation;
s3: artificial insemination: capturing parent fish of the salmon and parent fish of the wide fin to be produced after the S2 cultivation, respectively squeezing spawns of the parent fish of the salmon and semen of the parent fish of the wide fin into 2 clean and smooth containers, mixing the semen and spawns into 1 container, adding normal saline to activate sperms and spawns for fertilization after mixing, and washing spawns with clean dilute water for 3 times after standing for 1min to obtain fertilized spawns;
s4: and (3) artificial incubation: placing the fertilized eggs obtained in the step S3 into a hatching frame, placing the fertilized eggs into a hatching pond for incubation, and obtaining and cultivating larval fish;
s5: breeding hybrid fish fries: transferring the fries incubated in the step S4 to a fry culture pond for culture to obtain fries bred by hybridization of female salmon and male wide fins ;
in the step S12, the content of vitamin E in the compound feed with the vitamin E added in the crude protein content of 40% is 100-200mg/kg, and the feeding amount of the compound feed with the vitamin E added in the crude protein content of 40% and yellow meal worm is 2-3% and 1-2% of the parent fish weight of the salmon; the feeding amount of the compound feed with the crude protein content of 35 percent and the yellow meal worm is 2-3 percent and 1-2 percent of the weight of the parent fish with the broad fin ;
in the step S2, the induced spawning solution injected by the parent fish of the salmon is chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) solution, and the injection dosage is 800-1000IU/kg; the oxytocic solution injected into parent fish with wide fin is chorionic gonadotrophin HCG and luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analogue LRH-A 3 The mixed solution of the solution and the injection dosage are respectively 500-600IU/kg and 2.0-3.0 mug/kg; the pool to be produced is a rectangular cement pool with the area of 50-60m 2 The depth of the pool is 0.6-0.8m, the water depth is 0.5-0.6m, the length direction of the pool bottom is inclined from one end of the water inlet to one end of the water outlet by 1.5/100-2/100, the thickness of the coarse sand paved on the pool bottom is 3-5cm, and water supply and aeration facility equipment are arranged; and the pond to be produced continuously flows water and is inflated to increase oxygen, the daily exchange water quantity is 300-400%, the water temperature is kept at 24-26 ℃, and the cultivation time of the parent fish of the salmon and the parent fish with the wide fins in the pond to be produced is 14-17h.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S11, the ratio of the number of parent salmon to the number of parent salmon with the wide fin is (1-1.5): 1.
3. the method of crossing female salmon with male wide fin according to claim 1, wherein in step S11, the parent salmon is 1-2 years old, wherein the 1-year-old fish has a weight of 25-35g and the 2-year-old fish has a weight of 40-60g; the parent fish with the wide fins has the age of 1-2 years, wherein the weight of the 1-year-old fish is 15-25g, and the weight of the 2-year-old fish is 20-30g.
4. The method for hybridization breeding of female salmon and male wide fin according to claim 1, wherein in said step S12, the concentration of povidone-iodine in said povidone-iodine solution is 10mg/L and said cultivation pond is 50-100 in aream 2 The rectangular cement pool is 0.8-1.0m deep and 0.6-0.8m deep, the length direction of the pool bottom is inclined from one end of the water inlet to one end of the water outlet by 1.5/100-2/100, and water supply and aeration facility equipment is arranged in the pool.
5. The method for hybridization breeding of female salmon and male wide fin according to claim 1, wherein in said step S12, the cultivation density is 2-6 tails/m during the cultivation of said parent fish 2 The cultivation water is clean fresh water after filtration and disinfection, the daily exchange water quantity is 200-300% by adopting a running water cultivation mode, the water temperature is gradually increased from 13-15 ℃ to about 24 ℃, the pH value is 7.0-7.2, the dissolved oxygen is more than 6mg/L, the sewage is absorbed once a day, and the water environment of the pond is kept good.
6. The method of hybridization breeding of female salmon with male wide fin according to claim 1, wherein in step S4, the fertilized egg is incubated under the following conditions: the illumination intensity is less than 3000Lx, the water temperature in the hatching pond is 24-26 ℃, the pH value is 7.0-7.2, the dissolved oxygen is more than 6mg/L, the daily water exchange amount is 200-300%, and the larval fish is hatched after 39-44h of incubation; the hatching pool is a rectangular cement pool, the hatching frame is a wooden frame, and the bottom of the hatching frame is a 40-mesh screen.
7. The method for cross breeding of female salmon and male wide fin according to claim 6, wherein in the step S4, fertilized eggs are uniformly spread on a screen mesh of the hatching frame bottom, the hatching frame is a wooden frame with a specification of 60cm x 50cm x 5cm, the frame bottom is a tiled 40 mesh screen mesh, and each hatching frame is provided with 1.5-2 ten thousand fertilized eggs; the area of the hatching pond is 10-15m 2 The pool depth is 0.6-0.8m, the water depth is 0.3-0.4m, the length direction of the pool bottom is inclined by 1.5/100-2/100 from one end of the water inlet to one end of the water outlet, water supply and aeration facility equipment is provided, 10 hatching frames are uniformly placed in each hatching pool, and the frame bottom is below 5cm of the water surface.
8. The hybrid breeding of female salmon and male wide fin according to claim 1The method is characterized in that in the step S5, the fish fry cultivating pond is provided with an area of 50-60m 2 The rectangular cement pool is 0.6-0.8m deep and 0.5-0.6m deep, the long direction of the pool bottom is inclined by 1.5/100-2/100 from one end of the water inlet to one end of the water outlet, and water supply and aeration facility equipment is arranged in the pool; the time for transferring the fries to the fry rearing pond is 3 days after the fries are hatched; the fish fry cultivation conditions are as follows: maintaining the illumination intensity in the cultivation pool to be less than 3000Lx, the water temperature to be 24-27 ℃, the pH to be 7.0-7.2 and the dissolved oxygen to be more than 6 mg/L; feeding the fries in an opening at the 4 th day after hatching; the fry cultivation measures are as follows: according to the time after the fish fry is hatched, the cultivation density, the bait type and feeding mode, the daily feeding amount, the daily feeding times and cultivation management measures are adjusted, and the average total length of the fish fry reaches more than 3cm after cultivation for about 45 days.
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| CN101637142A (en) * | 2009-08-07 | 2010-02-03 | 常熟理工学院 | Cross breeding method for squaliobarbus curriculus and elopichthys bambusa |
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| CN101637142A (en) * | 2009-08-07 | 2010-02-03 | 常熟理工学院 | Cross breeding method for squaliobarbus curriculus and elopichthys bambusa |
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| CN101884314A (en) * | 2010-07-26 | 2010-11-17 | 湖南师范大学 | Method for inter-subfamily distant hybridization of grass carp and megalobrama amblycephala |
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