CN106577376A - Hybrid gurnard fry breeding technology - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a hybrid gurnard fry breeding technology and discloses a hybrid gurnard fry breeding technology. Gurnard fry breeding mainly adopts a mixed breeding mode. The mixed breeding mode adopts Megalobrama amblycephale as a female parent and Megalobrama hoffmanni as a male parent for hybridization and obtains a new breed. The hybrid gurnards keep good properties of the two parents and are docile in temperament. The hybrid gurnards are a demersal fishes, like an environment of slow water flow. The juvenile hybrid gurnards like schooling and are easy to catch. The crisped hybrid gurnards are herbivorous fishes and the juvenile hybrid gurnards mainly eat aquatic plants and phytodetritus, and like artificial diet in an artificial breeding condition. The crisped hybrid gurnards has advantages of good disease resistance, high survival rate, low food coefficient and stable inheritable character. In the current year, the fish length can reach 12 to 18 cm. In the second year, the fish length can reach 30 cm and the weight can reach 0.6 to 1.2 kg. Later, the growth rate slows. Generally, after 1 year breeding, the weight can reach 0.5 kg per fish which is the standard for sale. The fish gonad grows mature in 3 years.

Description

A kind of technology of hybridization triangular bream seedling breeding

Technical field

The present invention relates to hybridize the technical field of triangular bream seedling breeding, espespecially a kind of technology of hybridization triangular bream seedling breeding.

Background technology

China is aquaculture big country in the world, and aquaculture production accounts for the whole world 70%, in terms of breeding, China's success Carry out the theoretical research with technology of freshwater fish crossbreeding, such as grass carp and flathead, triangular bream and black carp and grass carp and triangle The exomixis cytology research such as triangular bream, it was demonstrated that fish hybridization has normal fertilization process between subfamily, verified scattered mirror carp with The squamation and color inheritance rule of Singuo Red Carp, C carpiovarwuyuanensis and Xiangjiang wild carpses respectively by 2 pairs and the control of the 1 pair of gene, red crucian carp with The gonadal development rule and difference of karyotype of the offspring such as Xiangjiang wild carpses, flathead and silver carp, grass carp and megalobrama amblycephala, and find out that hybrid breeds journey The fundamental cause of degree.According to incompletely statistics, since the seventies, China's fish hybridization breeding has carried out altogether 3 mesh, 5 sections 18 Commercial crossbreeding (rich carp, lotus unit carp, high mountain carp, lotus carp, triple-crossing in distant hybridization and 8 carp fingerlings between 25 fingerlings of individual category Carp, clever carp etc.), successively it is bred as Singuo Red Carp, C carpiovarwuyuanensis, jian carp, Low Temperature Common Carp, clever carp, C carpiovarwuyuanensis cold-resistant strain and Pengze Multiple kinds and its strains such as crucian carp, hybridized prussian carp, loose Pu crucian carp.

Megalobrama amblycephala is the famous-brand and high-quality economic fish of the important fresh water of China, but between its flesh pierce number it is many, at 114-129 piece, with silver carp, Number is pierced between the flesh of flathead quite, respectively 117-124 piece and 133 pieces of 116-.In recent years people carry out hybridization and educate using megalobrama amblycephala Kind of experiment research and development new varieties expand widely studied, achieve certain effect.Guangdong triangular bream is the indigenous species of Pearl River system, is also China The important famous-brand and high-quality economic fish in South, its delicious meat pierces few between flesh, but its speed of growth is slower.

Fresh water fishery is the important channel of the leading industry of Guangdong Agricultural and fisherman's increased income.The whole province's freshwater aquiculture in 2012 373.38 thousand hectares of the gross area, 344.09 ten thousand tons of yield, 451.87 hundred million yuan of the output value.But existing breed variety germplasm degeneration at present, Intensive ecological culturex falls behind, the continued downturn of the breed variety market price and aquaculture cost are multiplied, Zhu Duowen Topic cannot be solved effectively, the development of serious restriction Fish-water Fish Farming industry.Therefore, research and develop new high-quality cultivation new varieties, Seedling breeding scale and nuisanceless ecologic breeding become the important channel of Fish-water Fish Farming.It is especially good to some breeding prospects It is working as current freshwater aquaculture industry that the new varieties that economic worth is higher, aquaculture cost is low carry out the research of seedling breeding key technology Business is anxious, and this is of great significance to promoting the whole province's fresh water fishery economic growth tool.

The content of the invention

By key link researchs such as parent population reproductive biology, embryonic development, Environmental Factors, prelarva open-mouthed baits, With megalobrama amblycephala（Megalobrama amblycephale）As maternal, Guangdong triangular bream（Megalobramahoffmanni）As father Kind obtained from this hybridization.Scale seedling breeding technical regulation is formulated simultaneously.

For achieving the above object, the present invention is adopted the following technical scheme that：

Hybridization triangular bream is with megalobrama amblycephala（Megalobrama amblycephale）As maternal, Guangdong triangular bream（Megalobrama hoffmanni）As kind obtained from paternal hybrid.Hybridization triangular bream remains the merit of two kinds of parents, hybridizes the property of triangular bream Feelings are dociler, are demersal fishes, and happiness hydrostatic unhurried current environment, juvenile fish has the habit of cluster activity, easily fishes for.Crisp meat hybridization triangular bream is grass Feeding fish, juvenile fish ingests zooplankter, and adult fish mainly ingests pasture and water and canebreak, and eating is manually raised under the conditions of propagating artificially Material.Crisp meat hybridization triangular bream has the advantages that premunition is strong, survival rate is high, feed coefficient is low, stabilization characteristics of genetics, and then fish length can Up to 12～18 centimetres, up to 30 centimetres, body weight reaches 0.6-1.2 kilogram to two age fishes, and afterwards growth rate slows down, and typically cultivates 1 Anniversary, body weight can reach the listing specification of 0.5 kilogram/tail, and 3 rheological properties glands reach ripe.

Specific embodiment

Below in conjunction with each specific embodiment, the invention will be further described：

1）. parent population is originated：Female parent population megalobrama amblycephala is the former breeding introduced, and after the cultivation of 2-3, selects build mark Accurate, strong, thick without wound, body width meat, body weight is in 0.8-2.0kg, raun of the age in 3-5 ages.Guangdong Fang Shihan rivers Endemic fish, Breeding parent population comes from wild stocks (male Guangdong triangular bream of the annual mating period from fisherman's collection more than 0.6kg, the process of Han Jiang 1-2 raise and train after as male parent population.Female and male ratio（Megalobrama amblycephala：Guangdong triangular bream）For 1:1～1.5, the age 3 more than age in winter, 7 The reproductive capacity in age in winter will be reduced, therefore, it is intended to eliminate advanced age parent population every year, while the new parent population of supplement.

2）. parent fish rearing and water quality management：Megalobrama amblycephala and Guangdong triangular bream belong to triangular bream and belong to fish, and affiliation is near, raises in pond In supporting, two kinds of fishes can be raised jointly, be biological control, this plant once emulated ecological environment, it is intended to allow its natural mating Spawning, but egg laying amount and rate of fertilization fluctuation are big, it is difficult to control.Therefore, we are raised using megalobrama amblycephala and the Guangdong Fang Fen pools, pond Depth of water 1.2-2.0m, per mu can put 200～350 tails in a suitable place to breed, and 30 tail silver carp bigheads are raised together with collocation.

Megalobrama amblycephala and Guangdong triangular bream belong to ominivore-fish, and food composition is more various, according to many years of experience, different times parent Fish nutritional need is different.Entering the winter will need to carry out reinforced cultivating, mainly feed common artifical compound feed and cobalt blue pigment；Spring is numerous Grow front mostly important, man-made feeds protein content is required in 30-35%, with animal protein fine fodder, soya-bean cake or corn, cobalt blue pigment（It is black Wheat straw, denticulate ixeris herb etc.）Combination is raised.March based on animal protein fine fodder, is aided with cobalt blue pigment, respectively accounts for 1/2nd；The 4-6 months, coordinate Feed, soya-bean cake, corn, cobalt blue pigment respectively account for a quarter.Wherein, winter and spring add appropriate trace element and vitamin E and vitamin C, This plays an important role to improving coefficient of maturity, spawning rate.Triangular bream class mouth is little, and Feeding Velocity is slow, on a small quantity should eat more, day feeds three It is secondary to be advisable.

After the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term), water temperature is gradually increasing, and parent population feeding activity is strengthened, and now stimulation by running water is to promoting Guangdong triangular bream and megalobrama amblycephala Gonad development be requisite.In March, three stimulation by running water are given weekly, each 5-6h in 4-5 months, adjusts Inlet and outlet water Mouth flow velocity so that pond keeps fresh current constantly to flow in pond, but flow velocity should be slow, it is to avoid cause parent population premature labor

3）. the screening that parent population sexual gland is synchronously developed：The Jing hybridization triangular breams of many years breed practice, it has been found that two kinds of fishes are in natural conditions The time of lower breeding is, than more consistent, to be concentrated mainly on for 5, June, and general two kinds of fishes winter sexual gland was in for III phase, and April has Small part reaches IV phase, about 7-12%；Great majority reached for IV phase in 5, June, accounted for 60-78%, were Period of reproductive peak；July accounts for 6-10%.But it is often inconsistent with batch parent individual gonadal maturation, lay eggs when occurring hastening parturition asynchronous, reduce scale Breed the efficiency of seedling.In order that both different maturity of fish gonad reach at short notice unanimously, we take two sides Face measure, one is to carry out Developmental maturity screening to megalobrama amblycephala, secondary in three batches to be bred；Two is to carry out man-made drugs to hasten parturition.

Before hastening parturition, most important is screened in batches to the gonad development degree of megalobrama amblycephala female parent population.Early stage gropes rank Section, ovum is taken in the position and ovum grain development quality for dissecting Microscopic observation egg nucleus with egg apparatus is taken, and close IV phase phase, ovum grain is satisfied relatively It is full, glossy, dispersed, in the same size, whole or big portion core off normal, color is in faint yellow, and surface-ripe degree is good；Outside fish body In sight, the preferable fish belly portion of Developmental maturity relatively expands, softness, and substantially, apertura cloacalis is slightly ruddy for ovary profile, during light pressure belly It is flexible, but without strong sense, occasionally there is a little translucent excreta, this shows gonadal maturation, and weather can properly enter pedestrian Work is hastened parturition.First sorting time, at 24-26 DEG C, it was good to select maturity of fish gonads, basically reaches IV for water temperature in mid or late April The pond that concentrates on of phase is raised, and reservation gonad development is delayed, or precocious parent population.Then through the flowing water of 7-10 days Stimulate and cobalt blue pigment raise, by carry out artificial induced spawning, fertilization, hatch.It is same that this plant carries out every year three batch sexual glands between 5, June Step develops screening, artificial induced spawning and the hatching of parent population.

4）. artificial induced spawning：It is serene, medicine can be carried out during water temperature 24-27 DEG C and is hastened parturition, fine day spawning effect after rain Preferably.Oxytocic drug LRH-A2 megalobrama amblycephala 35mg/kg, human chorionic gonadtropin（HCG）With 800IU and DOM（DOM） 6-10mg/kg is used in combination best results, and Guangdong triangular bream dosage halves.Megalobrama amblycephala is injected using two pins, and the first pin injects full dosage 1/10, every 8-12h inject the 2nd pin.Milter dosage halves, and when injecting 2 pin to raun full dose is disposably injected.Post-reproductive Dosage can slightly subtract, and using the injection of 1 pin preferable effect is can reach.Injecting for the second pin time should be at night 20：00-23：00 When.Note, HCG consumptions cross conference cause parent population to lose the sight of both eyes, death of having difficult labour, therefore strict dosage need to be added；Oxytocic shows With existing use, medicine must be finished in 1h.

5）. artificial insemination：Megalobrama amblycephala is difficult to self-copulation breeding with Guangdong triangular bream in breeding water body.In addition, megalobrama amblycephala ovum grain Viscosity is not strong, and after natural spawning, egg membrane easily rubs rupture, affects ovum grain incubation rate.The ovum grain of rupture easily ruins water quality, produces Unboiled water mildew, therefore adopt dry method of artificial fertilization.Prefecundation must carry out adequate preparation, and on pond side ease of Use is built Room, it is to avoid sunlight irradiates and prevent rainwater, fertilization container from typically using stainless steel basin, and plastic products, fertilization are not applied to as far as possible Time in the morning 7:00-10：00.Parent population is wrapped up with soft towel, ovum is first squeezed and is entered basin, while clamp-oning seminal fluid, then stirred with feather Mix 2 minutes, then embryonated egg is gently poured in preprepared talcum powder unsticking liquid, gently stirred for several times with feather, do not allow ovum to glue Form block, pour in hatching apparatus and hatch.

6）. hatching：This employing pair filtering surface circular hatching channal is hatched, and silk cover filtering is installed on two sides inside and outside circuit, greatly Filter area is increased greatly, the water discharging valve of filtering surface inside and outside circuit is adjusted, and water penetration pressure inside and outside circuit can be just adjusted, in making circuit Fish-egg be evenly distributed as far as possible；In addition, we lay micro-pore oxygenation film in filtration gauze bottom, ensure that dissolved oxygen in water exists 6.5-7.5mg/L, so as to ovum amount is held in the hatching for increasing circuit.According to the hatching knot that 2008-2012 this field diameter is 4 meters of circuits Really, typically hatch reachable 6,000,000 every time, about 5,000,000 tails of emerging, incubation rate is more than 80%.Hatching optimum temperature is 25 ± 1 DEG C, general water temperature is controlled at 24-27 DEG C, and embryonated egg can membrane through 25-38h.

7）. seed rearing：Squab young fish length 4.1mm or so, water white transparency, physique is tender and lovely, belly yolk bag circle Shape, usually prostration is water-bed, and afterbody swings, does and vertically move about.When body length length is to 5.0mm, yolk bag begins to change into Elongate, prelarva starts external source food of ingesting, and this is the mixotrophism phase.When body is up to 6.2mm, yolk bag almost disappears, now Fry loses the microzooplanktons such as wheel animalcule, nauplius that can ingest, and also can ingest cladocera and Copepods macrozooplankton. In the mixotrophism phase, supplemented with exogenous food is the key for improving fry survival rate, according to experience in recent years, wants to obtain higher survival Rate, wheel animalcule handy first is fed, and wheel animalcule is collected in rotifer breeding ponds with filter screen, filters large-scale aquatic animal and impurity, feeding volume In 10-15/ml；Thereafter, can be fed with ripe aioli, soya-bean milk, respectively be fed sooner or later 2 times, note supplementing new during this period Fresh water, it is to avoid swill ruins water quality.Membrane the 2-3 days, the early membrane prelarva body in part is faint yellow, can put down when swimming, with little Basin directly goes to prelarva in seedling net cage, it is to avoid prelarva is excessive excessively intensive, causes anoxic, extruding injured dead.

Puggaree bedding is used at net cage top, prevents direct sunlight, and water quality is pure and fresh, and dissolved oxygen is in more than 6.5mg/L, depth of water 0.5- 0.8m or so.Eel feed, wheel animalcule and soya-bean milk are mainly fed, is fed 4-6 time day, a small amount of many meal, through the nursing of 5-7 days, body Length can be grown to 5-8mm.Now, each fin of fry is complete, can independently swim, and digestive system gradually perfects, it is necessary to be transferred to pond feeding Support, depth of water 0.7-1.5 rice, breeding density is in ten thousand tails of 15-20/mu.Holding water is fertile, living, tender, refreshing, and transparency is 0.2-0.4 Rice, in good time oxygenation is raised through 20-25 days, and hybridization gurnet seedling can reach 30-40mm, you can carry out point pool or sale.

Claims (7)

1. it is a kind of hybridization triangular bream seedling breeding technology, it is characterised in that：The mating system is by " with megalobrama amblycephala（Megalobrama amblycephale）As female parent, Guangdong triangular bream（Megalobramahoffmanni）As kind obtained from paternal hybrid ".

2. it is according to claim 1 it is a kind of hybridization triangular bream seedling breeding technology, it is characterised in that：In reproductive process, adopt Use Polyculture.

3. it is according to claim 1 it is a kind of hybridization triangular bream seedling breeding technology, it is characterised in that：From more than 0.6kg Male Guangdong triangular bream, as male parent population after 1-2 is raised and train ".

4. it is according to claim 1 it is a kind of hybridization triangular bream seedling breeding technology, it is characterised in that：Annual March, weekly Three stimulation by running water are given, each 5-6h in annual 4-5 months, adjusts intake-outlet flow velocity so that pond keeps fresh current Constantly flow in pond, but flow velocity should be slow, it is to avoid cause parent population premature labor ", " adjusting intake-outlet flow velocity " therein.

5. it is according to claim 1 it is a kind of hybridization triangular bream seedling breeding technology, it is characterised in that：It is serene for selection, water Medicine can be carried out when warm 24-27 DEG C to hasten parturition, fine day spawning effect is also preferable after rain.

6. it is according to claim 1 it is a kind of hybridization triangular bream seedling breeding technology, it is characterised in that：Hatch ring using double filtering surfaces Road is hatched, and silk cover filtering is installed on two sides inside and outside circuit, considerably increases filter area, adjusts the row of filtering surface inside and outside circuit Penstock, can just adjust water penetration pressure inside and outside circuit, make the fish-egg in circuit be evenly distributed as far as possible；In addition, we are filtering Micro-pore oxygenation film is laid in gauze bottom, dissolved oxygen in water is ensured in 6.5-7.5mg/L, so as to ovum amount is held in the hatching for increasing circuit.

7. it is according to claim 1 it is a kind of hybridization triangular bream seedling breeding technology, it is characterised in that：In the mixotrophism phase, mend It is the key for improving fry survival rate to fill external source food, according to experience in recent years, wants to obtain compared with high viability, wheel animalcule handy first Feed, wheel animalcule is collected in rotifer breeding ponds with filter screen, filter large-scale aquatic animal and impurity, feeding volume is in 10-15/ml；Its Afterwards, can be fed with ripe aioli, soya-bean milk, respectively be fed sooner or later 2 times, note supplementing fresh water during this period, it is to avoid food is residual Slag ruins water quality.