CN103688880A - Hybrid breeding method with siniperca chuatsi as male parent and siniperca scherzeri as female parent - Google Patents
Hybrid breeding method with siniperca chuatsi as male parent and siniperca scherzeri as female parent Download PDFInfo
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- CN103688880A CN103688880A CN201310424718.9A CN201310424718A CN103688880A CN 103688880 A CN103688880 A CN 103688880A CN 201310424718 A CN201310424718 A CN 201310424718A CN 103688880 A CN103688880 A CN 103688880A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention relates to a hybrid breeding method with siniperca chuatsi as a male parent and siniperca scherzeri as a female parent. The method comprises the steps that (1) siniperca scherzeri is selected as female parent fish and siniperca chuatsi is selected as male parent fish to be cultivated in an intensified method; (2) maturing promotion and parturition hastening by injecting exogenous hormones, parturition promotion by flow water stimulation, artificial dry fertilization, incubation process careful management and other technical measures are taken, so that the parturition hastening rate of the parent fish is up to above 80 percent, the fertilization rate is up to 85.5 percent, and the hatchability is up to 90 percent; (3) hybrid fry is cultivated by the stages, forage fish is selected and fed, the hybrid fry is cultivated through a feeding habit conversion method of converting from live fish intake to non-live fish intake, so that the survival rate of the hybrid fry is up to 90 percent. The invention successfully provides the hybrid breeding method of siniperca chuatsi and siniperca scherzeri, so as to cultivate a new hybrid mandarin fish product which has meat taste, has better disease resistance than siniperca chuatsi and growth rate higher than siniperca scherzeri, can take non-live fish as food, has good economic characters, and is convenient for large-scale manual cultivation for the high-grade freshwater aquaculture industry, and the survival rate of hybrid fish is greatly improved.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to mandarin fish cultural technique field, specifically take and stick up the hybridizing propagation process that mouth mandarin fish carries out as female parent as male parent and spot mandarin fish.
Background technology:
Stick up mouth mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) and spot mandarin fish (Siniperca scherzeri) belongs to Perciformes Di Zhi section together, mandarin fish belongs to, and is high-grade freshwater fish kind.From the early 1990s in last century, the cultivation of sticking up mouth mandarin fish has extensively been carried out in all parts of the country, has obtained good economic and social benefit.Yet stick up the mouth mandarin fish live fish that need ingest throughout one's life, need the throw something and feed live fish of different size of different growing stages, this special feeding habits of sticking up mouth mandarin fish, have not only increased aquaculture cost and cultivation difficulty, have more affected the scale of propagating artificially and have promoted.Middle nineteen nineties in last century, domestic many research and production department had once carried out a large amount of research to sticking up the behavior habit of mouth mandarin fish, the mechanism of ingesting, feeding habits training etc., to improving the cultural method of sticking up mouth mandarin fish, but did not all obtain satisfied effect.
Spot mandarin fish is another kind in wild mandarin fish, another name rock mandarin fish, be commonly called as cylinder mandarin fish, it is a kind of carnivorous economic fish being grown in mountain stream, reservoir, with stick up mouth mandarin fish and compare, this meat quality of fish is solid, thorn is less between flesh, taste is more delicious, disease resistance good and the non-live fish that can ingest, shortcoming be growth slowly, individuality is less.Spot mandarin fish is in the market mainly wild resource, the commodity spot mandarin fish of few people's work cultivation.
According to the biological property of hybridization, if will stick up mouth mandarin fish and spot mandarin fish hybridizes, gene are reconfigured, through directive breeding, be expected to obtain the crossbreed possess parent both sides' merit or to produce the unexistent new merit of parent, the non-live fish that is expected to obtain ingesting, disease resistance are good, fast growth and the good hybridization mandarin fish cultivation new varieties of meat.In prior art, publication number is that the patent of CN101066046B discloses a kind of hybridizing propagation process that sticks up mouth mandarin fish and spot mandarin fish, the filial generation obtaining has been realized above-mentioned had merit substantially, but this offspring with outbreeding survival rate in the process of subsequent growth only has 60%, and survival rate is low.
Summary of the invention:
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of take of filial generation survival rate that can greatly improve to stick up the hybridizing propagation process that mouth mandarin fish carries out as female parent as male parent and spot mandarin fish.
The technical problem solving adopts following technical scheme:
Take and stick up mouth mandarin fish as male parent and spot mandarin fish are as the hybridizing propagation process that female parent carries out, comprise successively
1, parent fish rearing, breeding autumn the previous year, select 2 full ages, healthy and strong spot mandarin fish more than body weight 1Kg to make hybridization female parent, parent sire of hybrid pigs is selected 2 full ages, more than body weight 0.5Kg is stuck up mouth mandarin fish, they are placed on respectively and in different net cages or pond, carry out reinforced cultivating, the feed of nurturing period, sticks up mouth mandarin fish and feeds agreeable to the taste live fish, and spot mandarin fish can be with live fish or fish piece.After the beginning of spring, with stimulation by running water, impel sexual gland normal mature, but stop stimulation by running water after mid-April.
2, cross method
1., artificial induced spawning and insemination, when parent population breeding water body water temperature reaches 22 ℃, start parent population injection exogenous hormone, exogenous hormone can adopt one or more in luteotropin releasing hormone d-ala analog (LRH-A), human chorionic gonadtropin (HCG) and maleic acid DOM (DOM), milter injection volume is 50% of raun, the good parent population of general maturity can a shot, otherwise can divide biphasic injection, and during biphasic injection, two pins is spaced apart 12 hours.After injection, male parent being stuck up to mouth mandarin fish and maternal spot mandarin fish is placed in same net cage current with flow velocity 0.1-0.2m/s and stimulates to impel and oestrus, ovulate.Injection hormone after 24 hours, starts to check, when light pressure spot mandarin fish belly has ovum to flow out, by spot mandarin fish with stick up mouth mandarin fish and separate, carry out dry method of artificial fertilization.
2., hatching management, between the incubation period, guarantee that water quality is pure and fresh, current are unobstructed, control the inflow of circular hatching channal well, so that the ovum during embryonic development can all stir but acutely not stir, suitable increased water flow speed before and after hybridization fry membrane, general control is 0.45m/s, and remove in time the egg membrane in circuit or hatching cylinder, fry reduces water flow velocity in circuit or hatching cylinder, the controlled 0.25m/s that is made as in the time of doing trip.
3, hybridization fry rearing
1., body length is less than the cultivation in 20mm stage
A, type of rearing are cultivated in the cement pit of circuit or miniflow water, and density is controlled in 1.5 ten thousand tails/m ', and flow control is in 0.1m/s left and right.
B, bait feeding, the whole cultivating process agreeable to the taste chinese carp fry of throwing something and feeding, along with growing up of hybridization mandarin fish seedling, bait fry is corresponding increase also, and the body of general control bait fry is long is 60% long left and right of hybridization mandarin fish fry body.Forage fiss is thrown something and fed once every day, and in 6 days after opening food, the feeding volume of every day is forage fiss/hybridization mandarin fish seedling=5-6, increases gradually later, and making day feeding volume is forage fiss/hybridization mandarin fish seedling=8-10.
C, sterilizing prevent disease, regularly eat up after forage fiss at hybridization mandarin fish seedling, and with blanket net, picking up hybridization mandarin fish seedling, to put into concentration be that 3-5%0 saline solution soaks 5-10 minutes, then puts back to and cultivate pond.
2., the cultivation in long 20ma-50ma stage of body
The mode that a, employing pond hydrostatic are cultivated, the breeding density of hybridization mandarin fish seedling is in 20,000 tails/mu left and right, and about depth of water 1.5m, at the bottom of pond, silt depth is less than 15cm, enters draining conveniently.
B, bait feeding, forage fiss is cultivated by the special pool, controls growth rate well, and the body of the forage fiss of throwing something and feeding is long is about 50-60% of hybridization mandarin fish fish length.Under hybridization mandarin fish seedling during the pool every mu throw in forage fiss 300,000 tails left and right, the amount that later keeps forage fiss in pond is the more than 5 times of hybridization mandarin fish seedling amount.
C, water quality are controlled, and under hybridization mandarin fish, after the Qian Dui pond thorough disinfection of the pool, pour into outer river clear water, the nurturing period, change water 30cm left and right, every 5 days copper sulphate full pool spilling heads with 0.8-1.0ppm once every 3 days ponds.During anoxic, open in time oxygenation facility.
4, conversion of food habit
When hybridization mandarin fish seedling grows to the long 50mm of body, carry out conversion of food habit, first hybridization mandarin fish seedling is blocked to one jiao of 100-150m in pond with close net
2region in, in early morning of every day with first use bailer to water surface water-sprinkling at dusk, then shed forage fiss, while just starting, in the live bait of throwing something and feeding, mix 10-20% firm dead fresh crow young, increase gradually the young ratio of dead crow, until all throw something and feed with dead fish or fish piece later.Within approximately 4-7 days, complete conversion of food habit, can enter adult fish culture subsequently.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the technical measures such as take to inject that exogenous hormone accelerating is hastened parturition, stimulation by running water is promoted production, artificial dry method hybridized insemination and hatching process manage with delicacy, the spawning rate of parent population is reached more than 80%, exomixis rate reaches 85.5%, and incubation rate reaches 90%; Hybrid seedlings adopts to be cultivated and forage fiss is selected, throws something and feeds and hybridized the conversion of food habit that fry transfers non-live fish to by the live fish that ingests and cultivates stage by stage, makes hybridization fish shoot survival percent reach 90%, greatly the survival rate of the hybridization fish of raising.The present invention successfully provides the cross breeding method that sticks up mouth mandarin fish and spot mandarin fish, has cultivated a kind of meat taste, resistance against diseases be better than sticking up the hybridization mandarin fish new varieties that mouth mandarin fish growth rate is good faster than the economic characters of spot mandarin fish, the non-live fish that can ingest, be convenient to artificial breeding scale for high-grade fresh water culture fishery.
Embodiment
With embodiment, the invention will be further described below.
Take and stick up mouth mandarin fish as male parent and spot mandarin fish are as the hybridizing propagation process that female parent carries out, comprise the following steps:
1, parent fish rearing
The present embodiment parent population used was collected in the autumn of breeding the previous year, and maternal spot mandarin fish is from propagating pond artificially, 2 ages, and body weight 1.0-1.3Kg/ tail, male parent is stuck up the wild population that mouth mandarin fish is taken from reservoir, 2 ages of the age of a fish, body weight 0.5-0.8Kg/ tail.
The parent population that sticks up mouth mandarin fish and spot mandarin fish is placed on respectively 4*3*2m
3net cage in cultivate, the nurturing period, stick up the mouth mandarin fish agreeable to the taste small crucian of throwing something and feeding, spot mandarin fish throw something and feed agreeable to the taste small crucian or fish piece.With micropump bath 3 hours, made net cage water in miniflow state every day to April 15 February 1 then in breeding.
2, cross method
1., artificial induced spawning and insemination
A, parent fish selection, maternal parent fish selection gonopore takes on a red color, belly expands, soft, while facing upward abdomen in the middle of recessed healthy and strong spot mandarin fish, male parent parent fish selection gonopore be light color, gently squeeze belly adularescent seminal fluid flow out, meet water loose stalwartness stick up mouth mandarin fish, father, maternal parent population are than being 1:2-3.
The time of b, artificial induced spawning and insemination, mainly according to water temperature, to determine, the water temperature while hastening parturition will reach 22～C, and the water temperature of hastening parturition in latter 7 days remains on 22-24～C.Water temperature after promoting production changes, and on the membrane of mandarin fish, open food and survival rate has larger impact, water temperature is when ascendant trend, and neatly, survival rate is high for mandarin fish " membrane ", " opening food ".
C, artificial induced spawning and insemination, adopt manual injection's exogenous hormone to hasten parturition, and impels gonad maturity, ovulation, carries out artificial dry method insemination, the method that fertilized egg is hatched in circuit.Better because of parent population maturity, the present embodiment adopts a shot, first injects male parent and sticks up mouth mandarin fish, injects maternal spot mandarin fish after 2 hours again, and after injection, father, mother being originally placed on to the current with flow velocity 0.1-0.2m/s in same net cage stimulates, and impels and oestruses, ovulates.Injection hormone, after 24 hours, starts to check, every 1 hour, checks once, when light pressure raun belly has ovum to flow out, by female milter separately, carries out dry method insemination.First pick up milter, dry gonopore, with dry 10ml syringe, extract seminal fluid, raun is caught in recurrence, after drying gonopore, ovum is squeezed in container, and splash into seminal fluid immediately, after fully stirring, ovum and seminal fluid are poured in the washbowl being filled with water, stir the water in washbowl, activate sperm, make fish-egg fertilization.The ovum of after fertilization is put into circuit hatching.
D, oxytocic hormone agent kind and dosage
Adopt the multiple compatibility in luteotropin releasing hormone d-ala analog (LRH-A), human chorionic gonadtropin (HCG), maleic acid DOM (DOM) hormone to carry out spawning effect contrast, can adopt the hormotone of luteotropin releasing hormone d-ala analog LRH-A and HCG, raun dosage is LRH-AiO～15 μ g+HCG1500-18001/Kg fish body weight, and milter dosage reduces by half.
2., hatching management
Exomixis fish-egg is hatched in the circular circuit of diameter 5m, depth of water 1m, hatching water is the outer river filtering through the close screen cloth of 80 order, pass through inlet valve, control the inflow of circular hatching channal well, so that the ovum during embryonic development can all stir, stirring can not be too violent, and before and after membrane, suitably increased water flow is fast, is controlled at 0.45m/s left and right, fry will reduce circuit flow velocity in the time of doing trip, is controlled at 0.25m/s left and right.
3, hybridization fry rearing
1., body length is less than the cultivation in 20mm stage
The present embodiment is at 12m
3circular circuit in put mandarin fish seedling 100,000 tails of firm membrane, circuit flow control is in 0.1m/s left and right.Hybridization mandarin fish seedling membrane the 4th day, " opens food " with the megalobrama amblycephala fry of firm membrane, and the megalobrama amblycephala fry of throwing something and feeding for three days on end, and the grass carp and the silver carp bighead fry that open the 4-6 day firm membrane of throwing something and feeding of food, work grass carp and silver carp bighead fry that the waist point of throwing something and feeding all sprouts on the 7th day.Along with growing up of mandarin fish seedling, bait fry is corresponding increase also, and the long general control of body of forage fiss is in 60% long left and right of hybridization mandarin fish seedling body.Forage fiss is thrown something and fed once every day, and feeding volume is determined according to weather and the mandarin fish situation of ingesting, and in 6 days after opening food, the feeding volume of every day is forage fiss/hybridization mandarin fish seedling=5-6, increases gradually later, and making day feeding volume is forage fiss/hybridization mandarin fish seedling=8-10.
Hybridization mandarin fish seedling is opened food and is sterilized for the first time after 6 days, and sterilization is carried out after forage fiss is eaten up, and with blanket net, picks up mandarin fish seedling, soaks after 10 minutes put back to circuit in concentration in the saline solution that is 4%.When later as found, mandarin fish food reduces or keeps afloat, is slow in action, carry out disinfection in time or to water oxygenation.
2., the cultivation in long 20mm-50mm stage of body
The cultivation of the present embodiment is carried out in the rectangle pond of 3 mu of areas, depth of water 1.5m, puts hybridization mandarin fish seedling 6.5 ten thousand tails of the long 22mm of average body in a suitable place to breed.The previous day on the pool under hybridization mandarin fish seedling, in the pool, put into young 700,000 tails of grass carp crow of the long 12mm of body as hybridization mandarin fish seedling bait, according to the quantity of forage fiss in the pool, supplement in time later.The in-built micro pump in pond, washes by water 4 hours every day, changes water 30cm left and right every 3 days.Under hybridization mandarin fish seedling the 7th day copper sulphate full pool spilling head with 1.0ppm on the pool once, later according to hybridization mandarin fish seedling the cluster in pond, move about and ingest situation sterilization or oxygenation in time.
4, conversion of food habit
When growing to 50mm left and right, hybridization mandarin fish seedling body length carries out conversion of food habit.With close net (summer flower net) in pond one jiao block into an area l00m
2the delta-shaped region of left and right, will hybridize mandarin fish seedling intensive at this, and early morning every day and dusk first use bailer to water surface water-sprinkling, then shed forage fiss.While just starting, in the live bait of throwing something and feeding, mix 10-20% just dead fresh crow son, increase gradually the young ratio of dead crow later.Conversion of food habit through about 5 days, mandarin fish can be robbed and be eaten after the dead black son who throws something and feeds, and completes the cultivation of hybridization mandarin fish seedling, can enter adult fish culture.
More than show and described basic principle of the present invention and principal character and advantage of the present invention.The technical staff of the industry should understand; the present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments; that in above-described embodiment and specification, describes just illustrates principle of the present invention; without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; the present invention also has various changes and modifications, and these changes and improvements all fall in the claimed scope of the invention.The claimed scope of the present invention is defined by appending claims and equivalent thereof.
Claims (3)
1. take and stick up the hybridizing propagation process that mouth mandarin fish carries out as female parent as male parent and spot mandarin fish, comprise the following steps: successively parent fish rearing, artificial induced spawning and insemination, hatching management, body length is less than the cultivation in 20mm stage, cultivation and the conversion of food habit in long 20mm-50mm stage of body, it is characterized in that: described parent fish rearing is for to breed autumn the previous year, select 2 full ages, stalwartness more than body weight 0.5Kg is stuck up mouth mandarin fish and is made parent sire of hybrid pigs, hybridization female parent is selected 2 full ages, spot mandarin fish more than body weight 1Kg, they are placed on respectively and in different net cages or pond, carry out reinforced cultivating, the feed of nurturing period, stick up mouth mandarin fish and feed agreeable to the taste live fish, spot mandarin fish can be with agreeable to the taste live fish or fish piece, after the beginning of spring, use stimulation by running water, impel sexual gland normal mature, but stop stimulation by running water after mid-April.
According to claim 1 take stick up the hybridizing propagation process that mouth mandarin fish carries out as female parent as male parent and spot mandarin fish, it is characterized in that: described artificial induced spawning with insemination is when parent population breeding water body water temperature reaches 22 ℃, start parent population injection exogenous hormone, exogenous hormone can adopt luteotropin releasing hormone d-ala analog (LRH-A), human chorionic gonadtropin (HCG), one or more in maleic acid DOM (DOM), milter injection volume is 50% of raun, the good parent population of general maturity can a shot, otherwise can divide biphasic injection, during biphasic injection, two pins is spaced apart 12 hours, after injection, male parent being stuck up to mouth mandarin fish and maternal spot mandarin fish is placed in same net cage current with flow velocity 0.1-0.2m/s and stimulates to impel and oestrus, ovulation, injection hormone is after 24 hours, start to check, when light pressure spot mandarin fish belly has ovum to flow out, by spot mandarin fish with stick up mouth mandarin fish and separate, carry out dry method of artificial fertilization.
According to claim 1 take stick up the hybridizing propagation process that mouth mandarin fish carries out as female parent as male parent and spot mandarin fish, it is characterized in that: described ovumization management is for guaranteeing that water quality is pure and fresh between the incubation period, current are unobstructed, control the inflow of circular hatching channal well, so that the ovum during embryonic development can all stir but acutely not stir, before and after hybridization fry membrane, suitably increased water flow is fast, general control is 0.45m/s, and remove in time circuit or hatch the egg membrane in cylinder, fry reduces water flow velocity in circuit or hatching cylinder, the controlled 0.25m/s that is made as in the time of doing trip.
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| CN104145865A (en) * | 2014-08-18 | 2014-11-19 | 池州市秋浦特种水产开发有限公司 | Breeding method of hybrid mandarin fishes |
| CN105265362A (en) * | 2015-11-16 | 2016-01-27 | 江西省水产科学研究所 | Cross breeding method for improving growth traits of slender mandarinfish |
| CN105766732A (en) * | 2016-03-30 | 2016-07-20 | 邵侠 | Artificial reproduction method of mandarin fish |
| CN108812460A (en) * | 2018-07-16 | 2018-11-16 | 镇江水中仙渔业发展有限公司 | A kind of breeding method hybridizing mandarin fish |
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Application publication date: 20140402 |