CN102106279A - Hybrid seedlings-cultivating method for improving growth traits of siniperca scherzeri - Google Patents
Hybrid seedlings-cultivating method for improving growth traits of siniperca scherzeri Download PDFInfo
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- CN102106279A CN102106279A CN2011100050825A CN201110005082A CN102106279A CN 102106279 A CN102106279 A CN 102106279A CN 2011100050825 A CN2011100050825 A CN 2011100050825A CN 201110005082 A CN201110005082 A CN 201110005082A CN 102106279 A CN102106279 A CN 102106279A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention belongs to the agriculture technical field necessary for human life, and relates to a hybrid seedlings-cultivating method for improving the growth traits of the siniperca scherzeri. The method comprises the following main steps of: selecting the siniperca scherzeri as the male parent and the siniperca chuatsi as the female parent, and adopting the methods for building a plastic house to overwinter, intensively cultivate and the like; hastening the parturition by the means that the exogenous hormone is synchronously injected into the male parent and the female parent for once, and packing a parent fish by a dishtowel during artificial insemination; adopting the breeding technology and measurement such as the artificial semidry inseminating, the circuit water flowing hatching and the like, so that the use ratio of the male parent is improved by 1.5-2 times; and intensifying the cultivating management in the seedling stage and the cultivating stage by a segmented cultivating mode with the palatable bait fish. The invention successfully develops a method for improving the growth traits of the siniperca scherzeri to cultivate an improved new product which is antiretroviral, disease-resistant and faster in growth speed compared with the common siniperca scherzeri. Meanwhile, the existing hybrid seedlings-cultivating method of the siniperca scherzeri is changed, the synchronous mature of the parent is guaranteed, the propagation time is prolonged, the operation is simpler and more convenient, and the production efficiency and the survival rate of the artificial propagating and the hybrid seedlings hatching are improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the essential agricultural technology field of human lives, relate to the fish culture technology, relate to utilize fish interspecific cross breeding technique to produce the method for the new varieties spot mandarin fish with obvious form characteristics and growth vigor in more detail.
Background technology
Be to improve the growth rate of spot mandarin fish, cultivate new have obvious growth vigor, degeneration-resistant, new mandarin fish kind that disease resistance is strong, showing major technique is crossbreeding.Its producing method for seed is as follows:
1, selects the spot mandarin fish as male parent, stick up the mouth mandarin fish as female parent;
2, the stimulation by running water method promotes its sexual maturity;
3, adopt the injection exogenous hormone to hasten parturition, and inject male parent spot mandarin fish earlier, inject female parent after 2 hours again and stick up the mouth mandarin fish;
4, dry method of artificial fertilization;
5, hybrid seedlings is cultivated stage by stage and is carried out feeding habits and transforms.
Show the spot mandarin fish and stick up mouth mandarin fish hybridizing propagation process and have following shortcoming:
1, the stimulation by running water method can not promote the synchronous maturation of these two kinds of different mandarin fish sexual glands well, makes that parent's breeding period can not be more effective overlapping, simultaneously, does not satisfy the early numerous demand that goes up of producing;
2, the method complexity of hastening parturition, injection in 2 hours of this interval of father and mother and injection have at twice increased the stress reaction that manual operation causes parent population, are unfavorable for hastening parturition and recover parent's postpartum;
3, dry method of artificial fertilization, for being mainly derived from wild resource, the male parent spot mandarin fish that few people worker cultures, the availability of sperm is low, causes the serious waste of resource;
4, the feeding habits conversion of carrying out to cross hybrid seedling has reduced survival rate of young.
For cultured fishes, improving fish growth speed, strengthening disease-resistant, resistance is the top priority in the breeding work, therefore cultivates on the basis of new varieties in hybridization, and in addition the selection breeding of science helps the raising of breeding work effect.Produce the productivity that should make full use of the parent for adapting to large-scale seed simultaneously, the step that simplifies the operation is enhanced productivity.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to defective, provide a kind of resource that makes full use of, the new cross breeding method of more effective improvement spot mandarin fish growth traits at the prior art existence.
The cross breeding method of improvement spot mandarin fish growth traits of the present invention mainly comprises the steps: to do maternal parent population to stick up the mouth mandarin fish, and wild spot mandarin fish carries out artificial induced spawning, insemination and seedling stage and cultivates as the male parent parent population.Each step is as follows specifically:
(1) parent population is selected and promotes sexual gland ripe synchronously:
Select physique stalwartness, fast growth, 2 ages above original seeds to stick up the mouth mandarin fish and do maternal parent population, the wild spot mandarin fish more than 1 age is as the male parent parent population.Breeding is built plastic tunnel in winter the previous year, improves temperature of cultivation, and hot housing can be carried out the cycle of gonadal development that female parent sticks up mouth mandarin fish and male parent spot mandarin fish synchronously, thereby guarantees the effectively overlapping of two kinds of mandarin fish breeding periods, the hybridization between helping kind.This method sexual gland of making parent population is more ripe than local normal climate about 1 month in advance simultaneously, and it is numerous to carry out morning.
(2) ovum is adopted in artificial induced spawning and semen collection:
Water temperature is 20 ℃-30 ℃, and the Zhou Shuiwen temperature difference is carried out artificial induced spawning about 2 ℃.Take this synchronous injection exogenous hormone method of disposable father and mother to hasten parturition, maternal parent population is injected exogenous hormone according to following consumption: every kilogram of injection of fish body weight 15-20ug luteotropin releasing hormone d-ala analog (LRH-A), 1200-1500IU human chorionic gonadtropin (HCG) and 5-8mg maleic acid DOM (DOM); The male parent parent population is injected exogenous hormone according to following consumption: every kilogram of fish body weight injection 10ug luteotropin releasing hormone d-ala analog, 750IU human chorionic gonadtropin and 4mg maleic acid DOM.The living environment temperature of parent population is 20 ℃-30 ℃ before and after the artificial induced spawning, day and night temperature 3-5 ℃.Maternal parent population and male parent parent population picked up in 24-28 behind the artificial induced spawning hour and carry out ovum artificial collection and semen collection.Semen collection or adopt dry towel parcel parent population when adopting ovum reduces the stress reaction that manual operation causes parent population.
(3) adopt semi-dry process artificial insemination:
Artificial insemination is that male parent spot mandarin fish sperm is extruded, male parent spot mandarin fish sperm concentration (2.75 * 10
10Individual/ml) be to stick up mouth mandarin fish milter sperm concentration (0.59 * 10 approximately
10Individual/ml) 4.7 times.During artificial insemination, earlier male parent spot mandarin fish sperm is extruded, adding an amount of 0.8-0.9%(w/v) sodium chloride solution dilutes, pour in the fish-egg again and stir, add a small amount of clear water and stir a little, left standstill 1-2 minute, clean for several times with clear water, put into the circuit hatching, every cube of water body is gone into ten thousand of fertilized egg 2-3; The maternal quantity and the preferred 3-4:1 of quantity of male parent.Adopt this method to carry out artificial insemination, can be so that the male parent availability improves 1.5-2 doubly.
(4) cultivate seedling stage:
Take the segmentation cultivate mode, the rupture of membranes agreeable to the taste bait fry of throwing something and feeding after 2 days, as megalobrama amblycephala, dace seedling etc., feeding volume is 4-8 tail forage fiss/every tail hybridization mandarin fish seedling, feeding volume is cumulative with age in days.Opening changes over to the cement from circuit after 4 days and cultivates, 18 square metres of cement pit areas, and 0.8-1 meter of the depth of water is put 2000-3000 tails for every square metre.Put into the pond when reaching 1cm and carry out the cultivation of special pond, 1-2 mu of pond areas, 1.2 meters-1.5 meters of the depth of waters are put 4000 tails in a suitable place to breed for every mu, the forage fiss of the mandarin fish gross weight 5%-10% of throwing something and feeding.
The inventive method is to father and mother's reinforced cultivating of originally puing up a shed, and guarantees the effectively overlapping of two kinds of different mandarin fish breeding periods, promotes the synchronous maturation of sexual gland, and this is the necessary condition that interspecific cross produces the first filial generation.Simultaneously, because spot mandarin fish resource rare, carry out the artificial induced spawning and the dry method of artificial fertilization of biphasic injection, recover the postpartum that is unfavorable for the spot mandarin fish and the efficient and rational use of resource.Therefore, the present invention compared with prior art has following advantage:
1, improve temperature of cultivation in the mode of building plastic tunnel, hot housing can be carried out the cycle of gonadal development that female parent sticks up mouth mandarin fish and male parent spot mandarin fish synchronously, thereby guarantees the effectively overlapping of two kinds of mandarin fish breeding periods, the hybridization between helping kind.This method sexual gland of making parent population is more ripe than local normal climate about 1 month in advance simultaneously, and it is numerous to carry out morning, thereby makes full use of vegetative period, cultivates large size fingerling, and the output of raising fish obtains good production effect;
2, take this synchronous shot exogenous hormone method of father and mother to hasten parturition, the consumption of hormone has important effect to the spawning rate that improves parent population, adopts hormone dosage of the present invention, can reach the spawning rate of 93-96%;
3. adopt dry towel parcel parent population during artificial insemination, reduce the stress reaction that manual operation causes parent population, save time, laborsaving, help simultaneously the parent hasten parturition and recover postpartum;
3, adopt semi-dry process artificial insemination, make the male parent spot mandarin fish availability that is mainly derived from wild resource improve 1.5-2 doubly;
4, the segmentation in seedling stage is cultivated and the agreeable to the taste bait fry of throwing something and feeding, and has obviously improved the survival rate of cross hybrid seedling.
Embodiment
Further explain the present invention below in conjunction with embodiment, but embodiment does not do any type of qualification to the present invention.
Embodiment 1
The invention will be further described below by embodiment.
1. parent population is introduced and reinforced cultivating.
Introduce 2 ages above original seeds December and stick up mouth mandarin fish parent population as female parent, 1 age, above wild spot mandarin fish was as male parent; Raise and train and culture in the plastic tunnel pond of building, strengthen feeding and management, the sufficient forage fiss of throwing something and feeding.
2. artificial propagation.
1. the parent selects: begin to check the parent population maturity mid-March, at the beginning of 4 months, parent's synchronous maturing rate reaches more than 80%.Water temperature can be carried out artificial propagation more than 20 ℃ the time.Select that belly expands, soft, ovary profile obviously, the soft and whippy gonad maturity of hand belly stick up mouth mandarin fish raun as female parent.Indent is blush, gently presses belly the promptly diffusing spot mandarin fish milter of outflow of milky seminal fluid and entry to be arranged as male parent in the middle of selecting anus.
2. artificial induced spawning: the parent to gonad maturity takes synchronous shot exogenous hormone method to hasten parturition, the oxytocic hormone kind has luteotropin releasing hormone d-ala analog (LRH-A), human chorionic gonadtropin (HCG) and maleic acid DOM (DOM), maternal parent population injected dose is as shown in table 1 respectively, and male parent parent population dosage reduces by half.And female milter is injected simultaneously.Parent population after the injection is placed in the circuit and supports temporarily, and stimulation by running water promotes it to oestrus.Check the situation of hastening parturition after 24 hours, reach a climax (is the effect time to reaching the required time of the climax of oestrusing from artificial induced spawning) when being about to lay eggs, immediately parent population has been caught, carry out ovum artificial collection, semen collection when parent population oestruses.Different injection hormones and injected dose see Table 2 to the influence of parent population spawning rate during artificial induced spawning, and the spawning rate by luteotropin releasing hormone d-ala analog (LRH-A), human chorionic gonadtropin (HCG) and three kinds of hormone combinations injections of maleic acid DOM (DOM) is the highest as shown in Table 2.And under different water temperature conditions, these three kinds of hormones are injected in dosage ratio scope of the present invention, and to the parent population effect all good (seeing Table 2) of hastening parturition, when water temperature was lower than 20 ℃, spawning rate was relatively low, and therefore, the water temperature before and after hastening parturition preferably remains on more than 20 ℃.
The contrast of different hormones of table 1 and dosage artificial induced spawning effect
Time | Water temperature | The dosage of hastening parturition | The mantissa of hastening parturition | The mantissa of laying eggs | Spawning rate |
2008 | 25—27℃ | LHR-A15ug/kg+HCG1500IU/kg+DOM6mg/kg | ? 28 | 27 | 96% |
2008 | 25—27℃ | LHR-A10ug/kg+HCG1500IU/kg | 8 | 7 | 88% |
2008 | 25—27℃ | LHR-A15ug/kg+HCG1800IU/kg | 9 | 7 | 78% |
2008 | 25—27℃ | PG2mg/kg+LHR-A6ug /kg+HCG1000IU/kg | 8 | 6 | 75% |
* luteotropin releasing hormone d-ala analog (LHR-A), human chorionic gonadtropin (HCG) and maleic acid DOM (DOM), PG(carp brain hypophysis).
The artificial induced spawning effect of the different injected dose of table 2, different water temperature parent populations
Time | Water temperature | The dosage of hastening parturition | The mantissa of hastening parturition | The mantissa of laying eggs | Spawning rate |
2008 | 25—27℃ | LHR-A15ug/kg+HCG1500IU/kg+DOM6mg/kg | ? 28 | 27 | 96% |
2009 | 22—24℃ | LHR-A18ug/kg+HCG1200IU/kg+DOM8mg/kg | 15 | 14 | 93% |
2010 | 25—27℃ | LHR-A20ug/kg+HCG1200IU/kg+DOM5mg/kg | 21 | 20 | 95% |
2010 | 19—20℃ | LHR-A20ug/kg+HCG1500IU/kg+DOM5mg/kg | 14 | 12 | 86% |
3. semi-dry process artificial insemination: adopt dry towel parcel parent population, earlier male parent spot mandarin fish sperm is extruded, add 0.85% sodium chloride solution be equivalent to 5 times of sperm volumes and dilute that (male parent spot mandarin fish sperm concentration is to stick up 4.7 times of mouth mandarin fish milter sperm concentration approximately as shown in Table 3, is the volume of 5 times of sperms so dilute volume.Simultaneously, table 4 shows that the sodium chloride solution of 0.8%-0.9% concentration can not activate sperm, therefore can be used for the dilution in early stage of sperm), pour in the fish-egg again and stir, add a small amount of clear water and stir a little, left standstill 2 minutes, clean for several times with clear water, put into the circuit hatching.In order to maternal quantity and the male parent quantitative proportion of adopting ovum and semen collection is 4:1.
The biological property of the different mandarin fish sperms of table 3
Kind | PH of semen | Sperm length (um) | Essence density at night (individual/ml) |
Stick up the mouth mandarin fish | 6.79 | 31.85 | 0.59×10 10 |
The spot mandarin fish | 7.18 | 28.75 | 2.75×10 10 |
Table 4 different concentrations of sodium chloride solution is to the influence of activation of spermatozoa rate
Concentration of sodium chloride solution % | Activity ratio (%) |
0 | 70 |
0.1 | 70 |
0.3 | 65 |
0.5 | 52.5 |
0.6 | 40 |
0.7 | 5 |
0.8 | 0 |
0.85 | 0 |
0.9 | 0 |
4. hatching: adopt the hatching of circuit flowing water, every cube of water body is gone into 30,000 in fertilized egg, keeps water quality pure and fresh, is strictly on guard against that harmful animal enters, and regulates current, strengthens management.
3. cultivate seedling stage.
Take the segmentation cultivate mode, the rupture of membranes agreeable to the taste bait fry of throwing something and feeding after 2 days, as megalobrama amblycephala, dace seedling etc., feeding volume is 4-8 tail forage fiss/every tail hybridization mandarin fish seedling, feeding volume is cumulative with age in days.Opening changes over to the cement from circuit after 4 days and cultivates, 18 square metres of cement pit areas, and 0.8 meter of the depth of water is put 3000 tails for every square metre.Put into the pond when reaching 1cm and carry out the cultivation of special pond, the pond area is 2 mu, and 1.2 meters of the depth of waters are put 4000 tails in a suitable place to breed for every mu, the forage fiss of the mandarin fish gross weight 5%-10% of throwing something and feeding, and in time adjust and replenish according to forage fiss volume residual in the fishpond at any time.Carry out work such as water quality management and disease control.The hybrid seedlings survival rate reaches more than 87% and (sees Table 5).The body weight of culturing hybridization mandarin fish after 6 months reaches about 500g, embodies tangible hybrid growth vigor, reaches the listing specification.
Table 5 adopts said method to carry out the technical parameter of hybrid breeding
Time | Water temperature | The dosage of hastening parturition | Spawning rate | The insemination rate | Incubation rate | Weed survival rate |
2008 | 25—27℃ | LHR-A15ug/kg+HCG1500IU/kg+DOM6mg/kg | 96% | 89.8% | 80.1% | 93% |
2009 | 22—24℃ | LHR-A18ug/kg+HCG1200IU/kg+DOM8mg/kg | 93% | 86.5% | 78.6% | 87% |
2010 | 25—27℃ | LHR-A20ug/kg+HCG1200IU/kg+DOM5mg/kg | 95% | 90.1% | 83.3% | 94% |
Claims (10)
1. cross breeding method of improveing spot mandarin fish growth traits, do maternal parent population to stick up the mouth mandarin fish, wild spot mandarin fish is as the male parent parent population, carry out artificial induced spawning, insemination and seedling stage and cultivate, it is characterized in that described artificial induced spawning is that maternal parent population is injected exogenous hormone according to following consumption: every kilogram of fish body weight injection 15-20ug luteotropin releasing hormone d-ala analog, 1200-1500IU human chorionic gonadtropin and 5-8mg maleic acid DOM; The male parent parent population is injected exogenous hormone according to following consumption: every kilogram of fish body weight injection 7.5-10ug luteotropin releasing hormone d-ala analog, 600-750IU human chorionic gonadtropin and 2.5-4mg maleic acid DOM.
2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that the living environment temperature of described artificial induced spawning front and back parent population is 20 ℃-30 ℃, day and night temperature 3-5 ℃.
3. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that described artificial recall is that maternal parent population and male parent parent population are injected exogenous hormone synchronously.
4. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that behind the described artificial induced spawning 24-28 hour maternal parent population and male parent parent population being picked up and carries out ovum artificial collection and semen collection.
5. the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that described artificial insemination is that male parent spot mandarin fish sperm is extruded, adding the 0.8-0.9%(w/v be equivalent to 4-6 times of sperm volume) sodium chloride solution dilutes, the fish-egg adding that to adopt the ovum gained again wherein stirs, left standstill 1-2 minute, and cleaned with clear water and put into circular hatching channal again.
6. the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that described maternal parent population be 2 ages above original seed stick up the mouth mandarin fish, the male parent parent population is an above wild spot mandarin fish in 1 age.
7. method as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that described maternal parent population and male parent parent population carry out hot housing earlier carrying out artificial propagation winter the previous year: build plastic tunnel, improve temperature of cultivation.
8. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that the hatching of described hatching employing circuit flowing water, and every cube of water body is gone into ten thousand of fertilized egg 2-3.
9. the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that cultivating in described seedling stage and take segmentation cultivate mode, the rupture of membranes agreeable to the taste bait fry of throwing something and feeding after 2 days, as megalobrama amblycephala, dace seedling etc., feeding volume is 4-8 tail forage fiss/every tail hybridization mandarin fish seedling, and feeding volume is cumulative with age in days.
10. opening changes over to the cement from circuit after 4 days and cultivates, 18 square metres of cement pit areas, 0.8-1 meter of the depth of water, put 2000-3000 tails for every square metre, put into the pond when reaching 1cm and carry out the cultivation of special pond, 1-2 mu of pond areas, 1.2 meters-1.5 meters of the depth of waters, put 4000 tails in a suitable place to breed for every mu, the forage fiss of the mandarin fish gross weight 5%-10% of throwing something and feeding.
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Cited By (9)
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CN103688880A (en) * | 2013-09-17 | 2014-04-02 | 王传宝 | Hybrid breeding method with siniperca chuatsi as male parent and siniperca scherzeri as female parent |
CN104145865A (en) * | 2014-08-18 | 2014-11-19 | 池州市秋浦特种水产开发有限公司 | Breeding method of hybrid mandarin fishes |
CN105265362A (en) * | 2015-11-16 | 2016-01-27 | 江西省水产科学研究所 | Cross breeding method for improving growth traits of slender mandarinfish |
CN105360037A (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2016-03-02 | 苏州市阳澄湖现代农业产业园特种水产养殖有限公司 | Siniperca scherzeri culturing method |
CN105766732A (en) * | 2016-03-30 | 2016-07-20 | 邵侠 | Artificial reproduction method of mandarin fish |
WO2017004936A1 (en) * | 2015-07-09 | 2017-01-12 | 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 | Breeding method for obtaining heterosis for lined seahorse (hippocampus erectus) |
CN108812460A (en) * | 2018-07-16 | 2018-11-16 | 镇江水中仙渔业发展有限公司 | A kind of breeding method hybridizing mandarin fish |
CN110419470A (en) * | 2019-08-05 | 2019-11-08 | 华中农业大学 | A kind of indoor industrially propagation method of mandarin fish |
CN114592076A (en) * | 2022-05-10 | 2022-06-07 | 中山大学 | Siniperca scherzeri male molecular marker primer and application thereof |
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CN103688880A (en) * | 2013-09-17 | 2014-04-02 | 王传宝 | Hybrid breeding method with siniperca chuatsi as male parent and siniperca scherzeri as female parent |
CN104145865A (en) * | 2014-08-18 | 2014-11-19 | 池州市秋浦特种水产开发有限公司 | Breeding method of hybrid mandarin fishes |
WO2017004936A1 (en) * | 2015-07-09 | 2017-01-12 | 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 | Breeding method for obtaining heterosis for lined seahorse (hippocampus erectus) |
CN105265362A (en) * | 2015-11-16 | 2016-01-27 | 江西省水产科学研究所 | Cross breeding method for improving growth traits of slender mandarinfish |
CN105360037A (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2016-03-02 | 苏州市阳澄湖现代农业产业园特种水产养殖有限公司 | Siniperca scherzeri culturing method |
CN105766732A (en) * | 2016-03-30 | 2016-07-20 | 邵侠 | Artificial reproduction method of mandarin fish |
CN108812460A (en) * | 2018-07-16 | 2018-11-16 | 镇江水中仙渔业发展有限公司 | A kind of breeding method hybridizing mandarin fish |
CN110419470A (en) * | 2019-08-05 | 2019-11-08 | 华中农业大学 | A kind of indoor industrially propagation method of mandarin fish |
CN114592076A (en) * | 2022-05-10 | 2022-06-07 | 中山大学 | Siniperca scherzeri male molecular marker primer and application thereof |
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