CN100512639C - Plecoglossus altivelis artificial reproduction method - Google Patents
Plecoglossus altivelis artificial reproduction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN100512639C CN100512639C CNB2007100704692A CN200710070469A CN100512639C CN 100512639 C CN100512639 C CN 100512639C CN B2007100704692 A CNB2007100704692 A CN B2007100704692A CN 200710070469 A CN200710070469 A CN 200710070469A CN 100512639 C CN100512639 C CN 100512639C
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
The invention discloses a smelt artificial propagation method. From the early June, the fodder containing more fish meal protein is used for the feeding of female parent fishes. While from the middle of September, the female parent fishes are fed on the fodder containing spirulina powder and aluzyme. After the parent fishes enter the gonad mature period, the better mature female parent fishes are selected and cultivated after the estrualization, and the sexually mature male parent fishes are selected and cultivated after the estrualization. After the cultivated parent fishes reach more than 60 % gonad maturity, the water temperature of a decorporation pool is dropped continuously for 2 days with the decline of 2 degree each day. Afterwards the constant temperature is kept for 4 to 6 days. During the ovulatory period of parent fish, the ovums and the sperms are artificially collected every two days. The dry artificial insemination method is used to obtain a germ cell, and the germ cell is put in a hatchery pond for breeding. With the invention, the smelt sverage absolute fecundity and the fertility rate can be enhanced, and a great number of fry can be obtained in each breeding. The scale of artificial propagation is increased, and the labour intensity of the artificial propagation is reduced. Thus a foundation for the large scale artificial culture of smelt is established.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the artificial propagation techniques of fish, be specifically related to the artificial fecundation method of a kind of sweetfish.
Background technology
Sweetfish (Pleccoglossus altivelis Temminck et Sohlegel) belongs to sweetfish section, is a kind of famous and precious freshwater fish.At present the per kilogram procurement price of sweetfish is at home up to 80 yuan,, more up to 1500～2000 yen, therefore carries out industrialization and propagates sweetfish artificially and have broad prospects in Japan up to 400 New Taiwan Dollar in the Taiwan.Owing to the artificial propagation limited amount of sweetfish fry, so propagate the small of sweetfish at present artificially, the output of sweetfish is also less at present.
Sweetfish is 1 year sexual maturity fish, find after deliberation, female sweetfish generally begins to be the ovary propagation phase in early June, be that oogonium carries out mitosis, the quantity that makes oogonium is with how much multiple propagation, after repeatedly dividing, stop division, begin the growth, to the first oocyte transition, from mid-August first oocyte enter the grand period of growth.The quantity of the female parent population ovum of every tail is relevant with the quantity of the division of oogonium, the grand period of growth of first oocyte is carried out the nutrition deposition since early September, what are relevant with the ovum quality quality of output from now on for the nutrition of first oocyte deposition, bisque ovum quality is better, the ovum quality of yellow-white or white is just poor, and the ovum quality quality is relevant with fertilization rate and fertilized egg hatching rate.The mating season of sweetfish, under field conditions (factors), ovum and sperm obtained fertilized egg in the fertilization of degree of saltiness water intersection generally in 10～December, and fertilized egg sticks on the grit soil, and fertilized egg obtains the sweetfish fry through hatching in 7～15 days.The gonad maturity asynchronism(-nization) of different female sweetfish, the quantity that the female sweetfish of artificial propagation can lay eggs simultaneously is just limited, and the ovum amount of each breeding is just less; The female sweetfish of gonad maturity ovulates into ovarian cavity in batches, generally in three batches, be 13～15 days the blanking time of every batch of ovulation, sexually matured female sweetfish average absolute fish brood amount is about 30,000, at every turn the ovulation amount that is discharged to ovarian cavity from ovary on average only has only about 10,000, produces external ovum just still less from ovarian cavity; Poor quality's ovum is difficult to fertilization, ovum after the time of ovarian cavity surpasses 48 hours again output also be difficult to fertilization to external, even there is part can be fertilized, also very difficultly normally hatch.So the problem of the artificial propagation of restriction sweetfish is: the female sweetfish that can ovulate simultaneously is less, the ovum quantity of therefore each artificial propagation is also less, is difficult to collect simultaneously the ovum more than 1,000,000; Sexually matured female sweetfish average absolute fish brood amount is lower, the ovum negligible amounts that enables to gather; The quality problems of ovum make the fertilization rate of artificial propagation also can only reach 70%, so the fertilized egg quantity that each artificial insemination obtains just still less, poor quality's ovum makes the quality of fertilized egg also bad, also makes incubation rate lower.Therefore at present can only small lot artificial propagation sweetfish fry, the fry negligible amounts that each breeding obtains, the benefit of artificial propagation is lower, and obtain more fry will repeatedly breed, and increase reproductive-cost and labour intensity.
Summary of the invention
Problem to be solved by this invention provides a kind of average absolute fish brood amount and fertilization rate that can improve sweetfish, and each breeding can obtain the artificial fecundation method of more fry sweetfish.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above the technical scheme that is adopted: the artificial fecundation method of a kind of sweetfish comprises the steps:
(1) in the bigger cultivation pond of the pure and fresh and dissolved oxygen amount of water quality, raises female parent population and male parent population respectively,, give in the female parent population feed that fed every day, be added with the fish meal protein that weight is feed gross weight 35～45% since early June; Protein is that oogonium carries out mitotic material base, the fish meal protein that female parent population ingests is many, it is abundant that oogonium carries out mitotic material base, mitotic number of times is with regard to corresponding increase, statistics obtains the average absolute fish brood amount and can reach about 40,000, has improved more than 30%, makes the quantity of the each ovulation of the female parent population of every tail increase, the quantity of fertilization also increases, and correspondingly also can obtain more fry.
(2) since early and middle ten days in September, give in the female parent population feed that fed every day, having added weight again is the compound that feed gross weight 1.5～2.5% is made up of spirulina powder and aluzyme, in compound, the weight of aluzyme be compound gross weight 1～99%; Spirulina powder and aluzyme can increase the nutrition deposition of first oocyte, can improve the quality of ovum, have improved the fertilization rate and the incubation rate of artificial propagation, make fertilization rate can reach 80%, and incubation rate reaches more than 70%, correspondingly just can obtain more fry.
(3) by the end of September～parent population entering gland maturity phase at the beginning of 10 months, select the female parent population that size is well-balanced, belly expands and gonopore relaxes and slightly takes on a red color for every batch, this moment, the ovum grain was faint yellow, full evenly glossy, the oil ball is evenly distributed, and the ovum footpath is more than 0.7mm, and mature coefficient is about 18.54-30%, promote the sexual maturity for wherein 1/10～1/8 female parent population with the medicine of promoting the sexual maturity, put into the decorporation pond and cultivate; Simultaneously select the male preferably parent population of sexual maturity for every batch, promote the sexual maturity for wherein 1/10～1/8 male parent population with the medicine of promoting the sexual maturity, put into the accelerating pond and cultivate; The parent population gonad maturity phase of selecting like this is more approaching, the part parent population is after promoting the sexual maturity, can induce full pond parent population gonad maturity, can be so that the female parent population of a greater number ovulates at one time, so each artificial propagation just obtains more ovum, and the fry that obtains a greater number for each breeding lays the foundation.
(4) in female parent fish rearing after the sexual gland 60% above maturation, original decorporation pond the water temperature basis on continuous 2 days descending water temperature, the number of degrees of the water temperature that descends every day are 2 ℃, it is constant to keep this water temperature then, the constant time is 4～6 days; Cooling stimulates and to promote female parent population ovulation, and breeding is batch different, and it is also different that the initial sum of cooling continues to keep water temperature, generally the time late more, it is just low more that initial sum continues to keep water temperature.
(5) in female parent population onset of ovulation, from the decorporation pond, selected the female parent population that ovum has entered ovarian cavity every two days, the artificial ovum of gathering, from the accelerating pond, select the male parent population of spermioteleosis simultaneously, the artificial sperm of gathering, obtain fertilized egg with dry method of artificial fertilization's method, fertilized egg is adhered to put into the hatchery on the brown sheet of cleaning and hatch; Find that after deliberation general ovum treats that still can keep higher fertilization rate and embryo in ovarian cavity 48 hours can normal developments, artificial squeezing got ovum and sperm every two days like this, carry out the dry method of artificial fertilization, the fertilized egg quantity that makes each artificial propagation obtain is just more, just can breed and obtain a fairly large number of fry, also reduce the labour intensity of artificial propagation equivalent amount fry.
In step (3), the described medicine of promoting the sexual maturity is HCG, and giving the dosage of promoting the sexual maturity of female parent population is 10IU/g, and the dosage of promoting the sexual maturity of male parent population is 5IU/g.
In step (3), the described medicine of promoting the sexual maturity is LRH-A, and giving the dosage of promoting the sexual maturity of female parent population is 1 μ g/g, and the dosage of promoting the sexual maturity of male parent population is 0.5 μ g/g.
HCG and LRH-A are commercially available can be obtained.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that since early June, give in the female parent population feed that fed every day, be added with more fish meal protein, since early and middle ten days in September, give in the female parent population feed that fed every day, be added with spirulina powder and aluzyme compound again, by the end of September～parent population entering gland maturity phase at the beginning of 10 months, it is well-balanced to select size, the female parent population that belly expands and gonopore relaxes slightly to take on a red color is also promoted the sexual maturity, put into the decorporation pond and cultivate, select the male preferably parent population of sexual maturity and promote the sexual maturity, put into the accelerating pond and cultivate, behind the above gonad maturity of female parent fish rearing to 60%, the water temperature in continuous 2 days decline decorporation ponds descends 2 ℃ every day, keeps water temperature then constant 4～6 days; In female parent population onset of ovulation, gathered the ovum of female parent population every two days, also gather the sperm of male parent population, use dry method of artificial fertilization's method, obtain fertilized egg, fertilized egg is put into the hatchery and is hatched; Because protein is that oogonium carries out mitotic material base, therefore be added with more fish meal protein in the feed, just can increase the mitosis number of times, improved female parent population average absolute fish brood amount, the average absolute fish brood amount can reach about 40,000, makes each ovulation amount also increase; Spirulina powder and aluzyme can increase the nutrition deposition of first oocyte, have improved the quality of ovum, make fertilization rate can reach 80%; The female parent population that maturity of fish gonads is close concentrates in together and promotes the sexual maturity and lower the temperature and gathered ovum every two days, each artificial propagation just can collect a fairly large number of mature egg, millions of to up to ten million, therefore can be fertilized and obtain more fertilized egg, so each artificial propagation can obtain the fry of a greater number, and reduced the labour intensity of the fry of artificial propagation equivalent amount, for the artificial propagation of the sweetfish of the scale of carrying out lays the foundation.Therefore the present invention can improve average absolute fish brood amount and the fertilization rate of sweetfish, each breeding can obtain the fry of a greater number, improved the scale of artificial propagation, reduced the labour intensity of artificial propagation, better results in artificial propagation, and reproductive-cost is reduced, and lays the foundation for propagating sweetfish on a large scale artificially.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1
The artificial fecundation method of a kind of sweetfish, in the pond dark 1.5 meters, 1 meter of the depth of water, the pond floor space is that 200 square metres rectangle is cultivated and to be put into the female parent population of 5000 tails in the pond and raise, putting into the male parent population of 6000 tails in the rectangle cultivation pond of another same size raises, the forage volume of feeding of every day is about 1/10 of parent population TBW, change 1/3～1/2 Chi Shui every day, the irregular oxygenation of waterwheel aerator every day also flows Chi Shui, since June 5, giving in the female parent population feed that fed every day has fish meal protein, and the weight of fish meal protein is 38～41% in the feed gross weight; Since September 10, in giving the female parent population feed that fed every day, be added with weight again and be feed gross weight 1.5～2.5% by spirulina powder and the compound formed of aluzyme, the weight of aluzyme accounts for 45% in the compound; Begin September 26 of entering gland maturity phase parent population, it is well-balanced to choose size, the female parent population of 1886 tails that belly expands and gonopore relaxes and slightly takes on a red color is put into the decorporation pond and cultivates, get its ovum grain observation with digging egg apparatus this moment, the ovum grain is faint yellow, full evenly glossy, the oil ball is evenly distributed, the ovum footpath is more than 0.7mm, mature coefficient is about 18.54-30%, the optional wherein female parent population of 210 tails is the commercially available HCG of 10IU/g with dosage, after the female parent population injection of each tail, be reentered in the decorporation pond and cultivate, select on the same day sexual maturity preferably the male parent population of 2100 tails put into the accelerating pond and cultivate, the optional wherein male parent population of 250 tails is the commercially available HCG of 5IU/g with dosage, after giving the male parent population injection of each tail, be reentered in the accelerating pond and cultivate; When female parent population sexual gland reaches IV after the end of term more than 60%, continuous 2 days descending water temperature on the basis of the water temperature in original decorporation pond, the number of degrees of the water temperature that descends every day are 2 ℃, descending, it is constant to keep this water temperature again after finishing, the constant time is 5 days, and cooling can promote female parent population ovulation; In female parent population onset of ovulation, from the decorporation pond, select the parent population that ovulates into ovarian cavity every two days and manually squeeze ovum, on average can collect the ovum about 3,000,000 this moment at every turn, the parent population that selects spermioteleosis simultaneously from the accelerating pond manually squeezes wonderful collection sperm, make ovum and sperm fertilization with dry method of artificial fertilization's method, can obtain the fertilized egg about 2,400,000, fertilized egg be adhered on the brown sheet of cleaning to go in the hatchery; Through hatching in 7～15 days, can obtain the sweetfish fry more than 1,600,000, fertilization rate can reach 80%, and incubation rate reaches more than 70%.
Female parent population behind the crowded ovum was generally cultivated through 13～15 days, can manually gather ovum once more again, and the female parent population of every tail can manually be gathered ovum 3 times.
For artificial propagation obtains the fry of bigger quantity and improves the benefit of artificial propagation, choose a collection of female parent population that size is well-balanced, belly expands and gonopore relaxes and slightly take on a red color after a while again from the parent fish rearing pond and put into another decorporation pond, choose the male preferably parent population of a collection of sexual maturity simultaneously and put into another accelerating pond, promoting the sexual maturity, lowering the temperature and gathered ovum and sperm every two days through method same as described above, fertilization and hatching also can obtain the sweetfish fry of larger amt; Such two batches of rotate collection ovum and sperms, carry out artificial insemination and hatching, just can obtain the fry of larger amt, make the scale of artificial propagation of sweetfish obtain enlarging, the benefit of the artificial propagation of sweetfish improves, and the labour intensity of the artificial propagation of the sweetfish of breeding equivalent amount fry reduces on the contrary.
Embodiment 2
The artificial fecundation method of a kind of sweetfish, substantially the same manner as Example 1, different be that the commercially available LRH-A of 1 μ g/g gives female parent population injection just with dosage, be that the commercially available LRH-A of 0.5 μ g/g injects to female parent population with dosage.
If the female parent population of raising in the cultivation pond reaches tails up to ten thousand, so each ovum of gathering can reach the level about ten million, and the scale of the artificial propagation of such sweetfish is just bigger, and benefit is higher, and labour intensity is lower.
Claims (3)
1, the artificial fecundation method of a kind of sweetfish is characterized in that comprising the steps:
(1) raise female parent population and male parent population respectively in the bigger cultivation pond of the pure and fresh and dissolved oxygen amount of water quality, since early June, give in the female parent population feed that fed every day, interpolation weight is the fish meal protein of feed gross weight 35～45%;
(2) since early and middle ten days in September, give in the female parent population feed that fed every day, adding weight again is the compound that feed gross weight 1.5～2.5% is made up of spirulina powder and aluzyme, in compound, the weight of aluzyme be compound gross weight 1～99%;
(3) by the end of September～parent population entering gland maturity phase at the beginning of 10 months, select the female parent population that size is well-balanced, belly expands and gonopore relaxes and slightly takes on a red color for every batch, promote the sexual maturity for wherein 1/10～1/8 female parent population with the medicine of promoting the sexual maturity, putting into the decorporation pond cultivates, select the male preferably parent population of sexual maturity for every batch simultaneously, promote the sexual maturity for wherein 1/10～1/8 male parent population with the medicine of promoting the sexual maturity, put into the accelerating pond and cultivate;
(4) in female parent fish rearing after the sexual gland 60% above maturation, original decorporation pond the water temperature basis on continuous 2 days descending water temperature, the number of degrees of the water temperature that descends every day are 2 ℃, it is constant to keep this water temperature then, the constant time is 4～6 days;
(5) in female parent population onset of ovulation, from the decorporation pond, selected the female parent population that ovum has entered ovarian cavity every two days, the artificial ovum of gathering, from the accelerating pond, select the male parent population of spermioteleosis simultaneously, the artificial sperm of gathering, obtain fertilized egg with dry method of artificial fertilization's method, fertilized egg is adhered to put into the hatchery on the brown sheet of cleaning and hatch.
2, the artificial fecundation method of a kind of sweetfish as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that in step (3) the described medicine of promoting the sexual maturity is HCG, and giving the dosage of promoting the sexual maturity of female parent population is 10IU/g, and the dosage of promoting the sexual maturity of male parent population is 5IU/g.
3, the artificial fecundation method of a kind of sweetfish as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that in step (3) the described medicine of promoting the sexual maturity is LRH-A, and giving the dosage of promoting the sexual maturity of female parent population is 1 μ g/g, and the dosage of promoting the sexual maturity of male parent population is 0.5 μ g/g.
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| CNB2007100704692A CN100512639C (en) | 2007-08-02 | 2007-08-02 | Plecoglossus altivelis artificial reproduction method |
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| CNB2007100704692A CN100512639C (en) | 2007-08-02 | 2007-08-02 | Plecoglossus altivelis artificial reproduction method |
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| CN100512639C true CN100512639C (en) | 2009-07-15 |
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Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101268766B (en) * | 2008-04-17 | 2010-08-25 | 宁波大学 | Control method for cultivation density of smelt |
| CN104756914B (en) * | 2015-04-08 | 2017-06-30 | 通威股份有限公司 | In a kind of aquaculture under Polyculture regulating water quality accurate combination feeding method |
| CN105475199A (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2016-04-13 | 苏州市阳澄湖现代农业产业园特种水产养殖有限公司 | Plecoglossus altivelis culture method |
| CN106665415A (en) * | 2016-11-18 | 2017-05-17 | 蚌埠市金牛湾农业科技发展有限公司 | Breeding method capable of improving meat quality of plecoglossus altivelis and preparation method of feed |
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2007
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