CN101836607B - A kind of breeding method of freshwater shrimp - Google Patents

Abstract

A breeding method for freshwater shrimps, using freshwater shrimp resources for breeding and breeding, collecting wild freshwater shrimps in the Taihu Lake water system before the breeding season, the body length of female shrimps is ≥ 5.0 cm and the body length of male shrimps is ≥ 5.5 cm, and the pH value of the cultured water is 6.0- 6.5 and ammonia nitrogen value of 0.5-1.0mg/L in the cement pond for 4 days, then select the broodstock shrimp, and after 30 days of high-density culture of the high-quality shrimp seedlings obtained by the broodstock expansion, introduce a certain amount of benthic carnivore into the breeding pond Ferocious aquatic economic animals, establish a biological elimination mechanism for freshwater shrimp, and place shrimp cages in the breeding pond at the right time to catch batches of high-quality male shrimp with a body length of ≥6.0 cm and female shrimp with a body length of ≥5.5 cm as the source of broodstock, and repeat the above steps 8 More than one time, the reliability of the selected freshwater shrimp germplasm can be guaranteed, the success rate of breeding fine freshwater shrimp strains is greatly improved, and the problem of current freshwater shrimp species degradation is completely solved.

Description

A kind of breeding method of freshwater shrimp

Technical field The present invention relates to a breeding method of freshwater shrimp in aquaculture industry, and belongs to the technical field of breeding of shrimp aquatic organisms in agricultural aquaculture.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Freshwater shrimp, also known as Macrobrachium japonicus, belongs to the phylum Arthropoda, Crustacea, Decapodidae, Giribranchidae, Macrobrachium genus, and its geographical distribution is very narrow, limited to my country and Japan. Because of its delicious meat, high nutritional and economic value, fast growth, short cultivation cycle, low feed requirements, easy self-propagation of seedlings, and all-weather cultivation, etc., since the end of the 1980s when it entered the heyday of aquaculture development, aquaculture has become popular. The scale is rapidly expanding, and the breeding technology is becoming more and more perfect. It has become the leading freshwater shrimp species in my country and one of the main freshwater famous, premium and new species. The breeding areas are all over my country's Jiangsu, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Hebei, Henan, Shandong and other places. However, behind the substantial increase in per unit yield and significant increase in economic benefits, due to long-term lack of attention to germplasm protection and improved breeding, germplasm degradation has become increasingly serious, such as early sexual maturity, slow growth, and miniaturization of commodity specifications. Species degradation has become a key issue hindering the healthy and sustainable development of freshwater shrimp farming.

The breeding methods of aquatic animals mainly include haploid breeding, polyploid breeding, hybrid breeding, utilization of heterosis, mutation breeding, transgenic breeding and other methods. Hybrid breeding and utilization of heterosis are currently the main two methods of shrimp breeding. Among them, hybrid breeding is to select and breed new varieties integrating these excellent genes from the segregating offspring through sexual crossing among multiple varieties with excellent genes. Crossing between pure lines to obtain F1 generations that are better than their parents in various traits is the first stage of cross breeding.

At present, the hybridization methods of freshwater shrimp mainly include: 1. Intraspecific hybridization: collect various excellent local varieties, enlarge the number through artificial propagation, culture in separate ponds, and after sorting mature broodstock, carry out hybridization and mating with excellent shrimp species in different places, and through continuous Self-crossing to obtain new varieties with excellent and stable target traits; 2. Interspecific hybridization: using artificial insemination methods to obtain fertile F1 generation hybrids through orthogonal and inverse crossing between green shrimp and Macrobrachium hainanensis, and using RAPD and DNA sequencing at the same time Molecular genetics techniques were used to compare and analyze green shrimp and Macrobrachium hainanensis from different sources, and obtain molecular markers that can be used to distinguish green shrimp and Macrobrachium hainanensis.

At present, the basic steps of intraspecies hybridization of freshwater shrimp are as follows: 1. Collect excellent local populations for hybridization, expand the number through artificial propagation, and carry out separate pond culture; 2. Place shrimp cages in the culture ponds for fishing. Set the specifications that female shrimp can escape but male shrimp cannot escape, supplemented by manual selection, remove a small number of male shrimp, and obtain a batch of male shrimp; Shrimp, and then use the efficient and non-damaging method of egg-bearing female shrimp to remove the shrimp eggs, and obtain a batch of sexually mature female shrimp; 4. Use male and female shrimp from different local populations for hybrid breeding; 5. Carry out freshwater shrimp according to conventional methods Artificial breeding and shrimp cultivation, to obtain high-quality shrimp.

Although the above method has improved the hybridization rate and the saving rate of the male parents, and the raised shrimp seedlings have fully demonstrated heterosis in terms of growth speed, disease resistance and stress resistance, and delayed maturation, but the defects are also obvious, mainly as : 1. This method is only the use of heterosis, and no stable strains that can be continuously passed down have been cultivated; 2. In order to prevent the germplasm degradation of the local populations used for hybridization, it is necessary to continuously replenish excellent parents in various places, which is troublesome to operate and high in cultivation costs. ; 3. Breeding was only carried out around the specifications, traits and appearance of vitality, resulting in the flood of sub-healthy people, and the reliability of the physical traits of the selected freshwater shrimp could not be guaranteed; 4. Failure to combine environmental factors such as ammonia nitrogen, pH value, and main pathogens Breeding, resulting in the reliability of the stress resistance traits of the selected freshwater shrimp cannot be guaranteed.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to overcome the problem of species degeneration existing in current freshwater shrimp farming, the present invention provides a brand-new breeding method for freshwater shrimp, which adopts the collection of high-quality wild broodstock in the Taihu Lake water system, and reselects the freshwater shrimp broodstock by means of environmental pressure. Establish a biological elimination mechanism for freshwater shrimps, capture freshwater shrimps with suitable specifications for primary selection, and achieve the purpose of obtaining high-quality freshwater shrimp varieties with stable properties.

The technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:

A kind of breeding method of freshwater prawn, utilizes freshwater prawn resource breeding and breeding, it comprises following basic method 1:

A. Before the freshwater shrimp breeding season, collect high-quality wild freshwater shrimp from the Taihu Lake water system, requiring female shrimp body length ≥ 5.0 cm and male shrimp body length ≥ 5.5 cm;

B. After being domesticated and stabilized for 7 days in the cement pool or net cage of the farm, they are moved into a cement pool with a pH value of 6.0-6.5 and an ammonia nitrogen value of 0.5-1.0 mg/L for 4 days, and then select healthy ones. Several high-quality individuals with high concentration were used as broodstock;

C. Broodstock are cultivated in special ponds according to the male to female ratio of 3-5:1;

D. At the peak stage of broodstock broodstock, sort out some high-quality broodstock female shrimp with body length ≥ 5.5 cm, strong vitality, and quick response from the broodstock breeding pond as parents for seedlings, and cultivate them according to conventional methods to obtain batches of shrimp seedlings. , implement high-density farming;

E. After 30 days of high-density cultivation of shrimp seedlings, that is, when the body of freshwater shrimp is about 3.0 cm long, put a certain number of river eels, Chinese soft-shelled turtles or mandarin fish in the culture pond, and establish a biological elimination mechanism for freshwater shrimp.

That is, 30 days after the freshwater prawns are released, that is, when the body length of the freshwater prawns reaches about 3 cm, put the benthic carnivorous ferocious aquatic economic animals in the breeding pond: a. The species and specifications of the benthic carnivorous ferocious aquatic economic animals: River eel 250- 350g/tail or 200-300g/tail Chinese soft-shelled turtle or 150-200g/tail mandarin fish; The amount is 60-100 river eels/mu or 40-60 Chinese soft-shelled turtles/mu or 60-100 mandarin fish/mu; c. Requirements for stocking individual bottom-dwelling carnivorous aquatic economic animals: overall specifications, no disease and no injury No deformity, quick response, healthy and lively, and strong athletic ability; d. Benthic carnivorous and ferocious aquatic economic animals should be sterilized before stocking;

F. Before the broodstock breeding season, place shrimp cages in the breeding pond to catch batches of high-quality freshwater shrimp, requiring the body length of male shrimp to be ≥ 6.0 cm and the body length of female shrimp to be ≥ 5.5 cm;

G. Follow the steps of B, C, D, E, and F in order to repeat the cycle application, and repeat the cycle more than 8 times to obtain a high-quality freshwater shrimp strain with stable properties.

A kind of breeding method of freshwater prawn, utilizes freshwater prawn resources to cultivate and breed, and it comprises following basic method two:

A. During the peak brooding period of the female shrimp, collect some high-quality wild brooding female shrimps from the Taihu Lake water system as the parents for nursery. They are required to have strong vitality and quick response, body length ≥ 5.5 cm, and egg count ≥ 4000 per tail;

B. Cultivate and obtain batches of shrimp seedlings according to conventional methods, and implement high-density cultivation;

C. After 30 days of high-density culture of shrimp seedlings, that is, when the body of freshwater shrimp is about 3.0 cm long, put a certain number of river eels or Chinese soft-shelled turtles or mandarin fish in the culture pond to establish a biological elimination mechanism for freshwater shrimp.

That is, 30 days after the freshwater prawns are released, that is, when the body length of the freshwater prawns reaches about 3 cm, put the benthic carnivorous ferocious aquatic economic animals in the breeding pond: a. The species and specifications of the benthic carnivorous ferocious aquatic economic animals: River eel 250- 350g/tail or 200-300g/tail Chinese soft-shelled turtle or 150-200g/tail mandarin fish; The amount is 60-100 river eels/mu or 40-60 Chinese soft-shelled turtles/mu or 60-100 mandarin fish/mu; c. Requirements for stocking individual bottom-dwelling carnivorous aquatic economic animals: overall specifications, no disease and no injury No deformity, quick response, healthy and lively, and strong athletic ability; d. Benthic carnivorous and ferocious aquatic economic animals should be sterilized before stocking;

D. Before the freshwater shrimp breeding season, place shrimp cages in the breeding pond to catch batches of high-quality freshwater shrimp, requiring the body length of male shrimp to be ≥ 6.0 cm and the body length of female shrimp to be ≥ 5.5 cm;

E. After domesticating and stabilizing the above-mentioned selected freshwater shrimps in the cement pond or net cage of the farm for 7 days, they are moved into the cement pond with a pH value of 6.0-6.5 and an ammonia nitrogen value of 0.5-1.0 mg/L for temporary cultivation 4 days later, select a number of high-quality individuals with high health as broodstock;

F. The broodstock is cultivated in a special pool according to the male to female ratio of 3-5:1;

G. When the female shrimps are in full bloom, select some high-quality egg-bearing female shrimps with a body length ≥ 5.5 cm, strong vitality, and quick response from the broodstock special breeding pond as the parents for seedlings;

H. Repeat the cycle according to the steps of B, C, D, E, F and G in turn, and repeat the cycle more than 8 times to obtain a high-quality freshwater shrimp strain with stable properties.

The method of giving environmental pressure to select broodstock shrimps, the female shrimps and male shrimps that are about to be domesticated are respectively moved into the cement ponds with pH value of 6.0-6.5 and ammonia nitrogen value of 0.5-1.0 mg/L for temporary cultivation for four days. Feed and remove feces and dead shrimp in the pond in time. After temporary breeding, select some individuals with strong vitality as broodstock by visual inspection, and move them into the broodstock cultivation pond according to the male to female ratio of 3-5:1.

Select suitable specifications of freshwater shrimp from the freshwater shrimp, that is, use a shrimp cage with a mesh size of 0.3-0.4 cm to catch the freshwater shrimp in the pond, sort them lively and robust, with complete limbs, smooth body surface, no disease and injury, quick response, and strong bounce , male shrimp with a body length ≥ 6.0 cm and female shrimp with a body length ≥ 5.5 cm were moved into cement ponds or cages for stable temporary cultivation for 7 days. Mesh/cm ² polyethylene nodule-free cages, the temporary breeding density is 100-120 fish/m ² , and a small amount of aquatic plants are placed inside. The water quality is required to be fresh, and the dissolved oxygen in the water is ≥ 5 mg/L. Days later, the crushed snail meat and mussel meat were used as feed. The daily feeding amount was 3-5% of the total weight of the shrimp. Shrimp, the domestication period is 7 days.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are: after adopting the advanced breeding technology of the freshwater shrimp breeding method of the present invention, a comprehensive group breeding technology integrating freshwater shrimp artificial screening, environmental pressure selection of broodstock and biological elimination is established The system ensures the reliability of the selected freshwater shrimp germplasm, and lays a solid germplasm foundation for the breeding of fine freshwater shrimp strains; through the introduction of a biological elimination mechanism, the chance of disease transmission during the freshwater shrimp breeding period is reduced, greatly improving It has improved the success rate of the breeding of excellent strains of freshwater shrimp; through the introduction of the biological elimination mechanism, the wildness of the ferocious benthic carnivorous fish has also been restored, which can completely solve the problem of the degradation of the current freshwater shrimp species, and can also improve the polyculture species: river eel , Chinese soft-shelled turtle, and mandarin fish, and improve the body color and meat quality of river eel, Chinese soft-shelled soft-shelled turtle, and mandarin fish.

Description of drawings

Figure 1: Schematic diagram of the process route of freshwater shrimp breeding technology;

Figure 2: Schematic diagram of the second process route of the freshwater shrimp breeding technology.

Detailed ways

1. The process route of freshwater shrimp breeding technology is shown in Figure 1.

2. The second schematic diagram of the technical route of freshwater shrimp breeding is shown in Figure 2.

3. Freshwater Shrimp Breeding Technology Process Route 1

(1) Acquisition of wild high-quality freshwater shrimp in Taihu Lake

Collected from natural waters before the breeding season, that is, from early March to late April or mid-to-late July, the body length of female shrimp is required to be ≥ 5.0 cm, and the body length of male shrimp is ≥ 5.5 cm. The sexual characteristics of female shrimp and male shrimp are as follows: 1. Female shrimp: the ovary is greenish-yellow or light brown. When the ovary becomes a large orange-yellow ovarian mass, it occupies most of the back of the carapace. When the basal segment is elongated and longer egg-bearing setae appear on the inner edge, the ovary is mature; 2. Male shrimp: a needle-like papilla appears on the male genitalia.

(2) Live-keeping transportation and manual screening of freshwater shrimp

1. Keep alive transportation

Female and male shrimp purchased before the breeding season are shipped separately. The following two methods can be used for transportation: (1) Polyethylene film bags are oxygenated and sealed for transportation, using double-layer polyethylene film bags, the general size is 40 cm × 70 cm as the shipping container, and 100-150 freshwater shrimps are placed in each bag, for To prevent the forehead sword of green shrimp from piercing the film and leaking oxygen and water during transportation, the tip of the forehead horn can be cut off before loading; (2) Transport with oxygen in the water tank, put an appropriate amount of green shrimp, 2kg of shrimp per 100kg of water, and put it into the existing Put an appropriate amount of cleaned aquatic plants in wooden barrels, canvas barrels, and water tanks, oxygenate, add appropriate amount of ice cubes to cool down, and transport in shade.

2. Manual screening

It is required to be lively and strong, with complete limbs, smooth body surface, no disease or injury, quick response, and strong bounce.

(3) Stable domestication of freshwater shrimp

Freshwater prawns transported to the destination should be domesticated in cement ponds or 10 mesh/cm ² polyethylene no-nodule net cages after repeated adjustment of water temperature, with a temporary stocking density of 100-120 fish/m ² and a small amount of aquatic plants inside , requires fresh water quality, dissolved oxygen in water ≥ 5mg/L. Domesticate for three days. After the third day, feed with crushed snail meat and mussel meat. The daily feeding amount is 3% to 5% of the total weight of the shrimp. Once, remove residual bait and dead shrimp in time, and the domestication cycle is seven days.

(4) Give environmental pressure to select broodstock

The domesticated female and male broodstock were respectively moved into cement ponds with pH 6.0-6.5 and ammonia nitrogen value 0.5-1.0 mg/L for a transition period of four days. No feed was fed during this period, and feces and dead shrimp were removed in time. After the end of the four-day transition, some individuals with strong vitality were selected by visual inspection as broodstock, and moved into the broodstock breeding pool. The initial ammonia nitrogen value and pH value of the water quality in the cement pool used for parent selection were adjusted with NH ₄ Cl, HCl and NaOH, respectively. This stage is mainly used to remove individual freshwater shrimps that are sensitive to pH value and ammonia nitrogen value and whose vigor decreases significantly after being stressed, so as to ensure the quality of broodstock.

(5) Broodstock culture

Put the male and female shrimps selected by environmental pressure in a ratio of 3-5:1 into a 10 mesh/cm ² polyethylene nodule-free net cage, with a breeding density of 80-100 tails or 0.5kg/m ² , with a small amount of Aquatic plants require fresh water quality and dissolved oxygen in water ≥ 5mg/L. Use crushed snail meat and clam meat as bait, and the daily bait feeding amount is 3% to 5% of the total weight of the shrimp, and it can be increased or decreased depending on the situation. It is better to eat within 2 hours, and feed 2 Once in the morning, the feeding amount accounts for 1/3 of the whole day, once in the afternoon, the feeding amount accounts for 2/3 of the whole day, remove residual bait and dead shrimp in time, and observe the development of fertilized eggs. Stop feeding the feed when the water temperature is lower than 10°C. After the female shrimps conceive eggs, select individuals with an egg capacity ≥ 4000 per tail as formal artificial breeding broodstock.

(6) Artificial breeding of freshwater shrimp

According to the actual situation, the following methods such as cement pond breeding, net cage breeding and pond breeding can be selected to carry out artificial seedling breeding according to local conditions.

1. Cement pond breeding

A. Seedling water

It is required to comply with my country's fishery breeding water quality standard (GB 11607289). Machine well water and reservoir water can be used. After oxygenation and exposure to the sun, use sodium chloride, iron sulfate, calcium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium borate, and magnesium sulfate. Adjust the salinity so that the salinity of the pool water reaches about 2 degrees Baume.

B. Seedling facilities and pre-treatment of seedlings

The cement pool bottom area should be 12-20m ² and the water depth should be 1.2-1.5m. It is required to have an independent water inlet and drainage system, and 5 days before the seedlings are raised, the bleaching powder solution with a concentration of 20mg/L is used for the whole pool to be splashed and disinfected. When raising seedlings, place open hatching cages with 9 mesh/cm ² and a bottom area of 4-6m ² in the pool, and place aquatic plants inside and outside the cages to play the role of sunshade and water purification.

C. Broodstock management and hatching of larvae

When the abdominal eggs of the female shrimp turn from oily green to off-white with clear eye spots and the heart rate reaches 200 times per minute, the artificial breeding program is started. After the egg-bearing shrimps are put into the box with a density of about 0.5kg/ ^m2 , they are fed with miscellaneous fish, bean cakes and other feeds. The daily feeding amount is generally about 8% of the body weight of the broodstock shrimps. The feeding is divided into two times a day, once in the morning and once in the evening. , use micro-flow water stimulation every day, the flow rate of micro-flow water is 0.15-0.20m/s, discharge sewage once a day, regularly remove residual bait and feces, check the situation of broodstock molting, increase oxygen and keep dissolved oxygen above 5.5mg/L , The pH value is between 7 and 8. When the larvae hatch and the number of flea-like larvae in the pool reaches more than 500 tails/L, the broodstock and the incubator can be removed for seedling cultivation.

D. Cultivation of larvae

Feed bait 2-3 days after the larvae hatch. The egg yolk and cooked surimi are filtered through an 80-mesh sieve and sprinkled. The daily feeding amount is 0.5kg of fresh fish per 100,000 shrimp fry. and 2 eggs, fed 6-7 times a day. After 7 days, switch to soybean meal and fish meal, and feed them three times a day. After 15 days, start to feed mixed feed of fish meal, flour bran and corn flour. The daily feeding amount is 4-5% of the total weight of the shrimp seedlings, and it is thrown along the wall of the pond. The daily feeding is 2 times, of which 40% of the whole day's bait is thrown in the morning. %, throw 60% of the bait for the whole day in the afternoon. During the nursery period, add new water once every 2-3 days, and add water at a height of 10-15cm/time, and maintain a water level of about 1 meter in the overall culture pond.

2. Cage breeding

If there is no special breeding and nursery pond, cage breeding can be carried out in adult fish ponds or fingerling ponds with better water quality. Set up oxygenation equipment in the pond, and 30 days before breeding, use quicklime 50kg/mu to clear the pond thoroughly; 15-20 days before breeding, depending on the water quality, sprinkle soybean milk for 3-5 days to cultivate natural bait. The mesh of the incubator is 120 mesh/cm ² , the area is 25-30m ² , it is placed in a place where the water depth is above 1.5m, the transparency is 35-40cm, and the dissolved oxygen is kept at 5mg/L. The mesh of the incubator is 9 mesh/cm ² , The bottom area is 8-10m ² , and it is nested in the incubator. The amount of broodstock in the incubator is about 0.5kg/m ² . Sufficient natural bait, soy milk was applied 3 times during the cultivation period, 3-5 days/time, the amount of soy milk applied each time was 5kg/mu, and water was poured in time according to the transparency of the water. The water level in the later stage of seed cultivation was kept at about 1.2m to ensure Larvae grow in good water conditions. The type and quantity of feed during larvae cultivation are the same as those in cement pond breeding. With the continuous input of artificial feed and soybean milk, the pH value of the water body will slowly decrease, and the water in the pond will become fatter and thicker. Especially in the later stage of cultivation, every 5- Add new water once every 7 days, add 5 cm height each time, and properly sprinkle biological agents according to the water body area of the nursery pond to improve the water quality environment in the pond. During this period, air stones should be used to oxygenate, and the cages should be checked frequently for damage, and the surroundings of the cages should be kept clean and the water exchange should be smooth.

3. Pond breeding

A. Pond conditions

Choose a number of ponds with an area of 1-3 mu. The pond depth is required to be ≥ 1.5 meters. The pond water supply and drainage system is complete, the water source conditions are good, and the water quality is free from pollution.

B. Thoroughly clear the pond

The pond should be disinfected from the end of April to the beginning of May. Drain the pool water to 10-20 cm, clear the pond with quicklime, the amount of quicklime is 150-200kg/mu, and it is required to be evenly sprinkled.

C. to plant aquatic plants

After 7-10 days in the clear pond, the aquatic plants will be transplanted. After the aquatic plants form groups, the egg-bearing shrimp can be put in. Before putting egg-bearing shrimps into the pond, it is necessary to carry out insecticidal treatment according to the situation in the pond. 4-5 days before putting in, use insecticides such as fish insecticides that are less irritating to shrimps to kill large cladocerans and water spiders in the water. Aquatic insects, while adding water to the pool to a height of 50-60 cm.

D. Put egg-bearing shrimp

After the drug resistance disappears, 8-10kg/mu of egg-bearing shrimps are put in. In order to observe the development of fertilized eggs of ovum-bearing shrimps, several net cages with a bottom area of ^1-2m2 can be set in the pond, and about 50 ovum-bearing shrimps can be placed in each cage, and the color change of the fertilized eggs of ovum-bearing shrimps can be observed every day. When the fertilized eggs turn purple and eye spots appear, the mature organic fertilizer should be piled up on the four corners of the pond to cultivate the basic bait in the pond, so that the membrane-ruptured zoar larvae can obtain open bait.

E. Cultivation of larvae

The feed for zoa larvae is mainly plankton, and the method of cultivating natural bait can be adopted to meet their needs. After 6 to 7 times of molting, the appendages of the thorax and abdomen have been fully developed, and the appearance is the same as that of adult shrimps. After the body length is 0.8 to 1 cm, they are fed with pellet feed. During the cultivation period, water quality indicators such as dissolved oxygen, pH value, ammonia nitrogen value, and nitrite were monitored every day, and problems were found to be dealt with in time.

(7) Artificial culture of freshwater shrimp

1. Breeding pond

The area of the breeding pond is preferably 2-5 mu, and the water depth is about 1.2-1.8 meters. The pond ridge must have a certain slope, and the slope ratio is usually 1:2-3. The water supply and drainage system of the pond is perfect, there are aquatic plants, and the pond silt is about 10 cm thick. It is generally equipped with 1.5KW aerator per mu, and the inlet and outlet should be blocked with dense mesh or double-layer sieve silk to prevent harmful organisms, wild fish and eggs discharged from entering the pond.

2. Breeding water

It is required that the water source is sufficient, the water quality is fresh and pollution-free, the dissolved oxygen content is ≥5mg/L, the bottom dissolved oxygen content is ≥3mg/L, and the pH value is 7.5-8.0.

3. Clear pond disinfection

The pond is exposed to the sun in winter, and 7-10 days before the shrimp seedlings are stocked, the whole pond is sprayed and disinfected with 75-100kg/mu of quicklime to kill pathogens and harmful organisms. Transplant aquatic plants 10 days after pond disinfection, and transplant along the shrimp pond in a shallow water zone 1 meter away from the pond ridge. The grass width is about 1 meter, and the transplanted area accounts for about 1/5 of the whole pond area.

4. Add water and fertilize

After 2-3 days of quicklime disinfection, add water to a height of 50-60 cm in the pond, and apply 150-200 kg/mu of fermented organic fertilizer to cultivate natural basic food organisms in the pond water.

5. Breeding environment regulation

After the shrimp pond is filled with water, grass is planted immediately, and the coverage area of aquatic plants is controlled at about 30% of the total water surface, and the transparency of the pond water is about 30 cm. After transplanting aquatic plants, apply 0.5-0.75 tons/mu of manure to the pond as base fertilizer.

6. Stocking of seedlings

Shrimp seedlings are stocked 7-10 days after the cleaning pond is disinfected. The stocking quantity of shrimp seedlings is 50,000-60,000/mu, and the size is about 1.5 cm. Shrimp seedlings should be stocked on cloudy or rainy days. If it is sunny, the seedlings should be stocked in the morning or evening to avoid direct sunlight, which will affect the survival rate. Seedlings require neat specifications, complete limbs, and sufficient seedlings at one time.

7. Feed and feeding skills

Freshwater prawns are omnivorous and partial to animal feeding habits. Soybean meal, vegetable cakes, rice bran, fish meal, wild fish, river mussels, and snails can be used as feed. Feeds are required to be high-quality, fresh and palatable. The crude protein content of feed should reach 35%-40% in the juvenile shrimp stage, and the body length in the middle and later stages should be more than 4 cm. When feeding adult shrimp feed, the crude protein content should reach 30-32%.

The daily feeding amount is 7-10% of the total weight of the shrimp, and the feeding amount is once in the morning and afternoon. Two-thirds of the daily feeding amount should be mainly freshwater shrimp pellet feed, and the bait should be evenly placed on the edge of the shallow water near the edge of the pond ridge along the pond.

8. Daily management

Patrol ponds every morning and evening, in case of hot weather, increase the number of pond patrols in the middle of the night, and carefully observe the activity of freshwater shrimp. Adjust the water level according to the season. In the high temperature season from July to September, change the water once every 5-7 days. The water change volume is 20-30 cm in the height of the pond. Turn on the oxygen in the early morning, and turn on the oxygen in the middle of the night when it rains continuously. If signs of floating head are found, start the machine to increase oxygen as soon as possible, and if necessary, refill with new water and sprinkle oxygen enhancer for first aid.

(8) Establish a biological elimination mechanism for freshwater shrimp

After 30 days of freshwater shrimp seedlings, that is, when the body length of freshwater shrimp reaches about 3 cm, a certain number of benthic carnivorous and ferocious aquatic economic animals are put into the breeding pond, and the predation pressure produced by them on freshwater shrimp is used to implement biological elimination. The specific requirements are:

1. Types and specifications of benthic carnivorous and ferocious aquatic economic animals: river eel 250-350 grams/tail or Chinese soft-shelled turtle 200-300 grams/tail or mandarin fish 150-200 grams/tail.

2. The number of benthic carnivorous and ferocious aquatic economic animals stocked: based on the stocking amount of green shrimps is 50,000/mu, the stocking amount is 60-100 river eels/mu or 40-60 Chinese soft-shelled turtles/mu or 160 mandarin fishes. -100 tails/mu.

3. Benthic carnivores, ferocious aquatic economic animals, individual requirements for stocking: overall size, no disease, no injury, no deformity, quick response, healthy and lively, strong exercise ability.

4. Pre-stocking treatment of benthic carnivorous and ferocious aquatic economic animals: according to conventional methods, they should be disinfected and then stocked.

The purpose of this biological elimination mechanism is: (1) eliminate those relatively weak-quality freshwater shrimp individuals and precocious individuals, reduce disease transmission, and increase the success rate of breeding; (2) use predation pressure as an auxiliary means for selecting freshwater shrimp germplasm, improve (3) Increase the commercial value of ferocious benthic carnivorous fish by ingesting low-quality freshwater shrimp.

(9) Select the appropriate size of freshwater shrimp from the freshwater shrimp

Before the breeding season, use a large-mesh shrimp cage with a mesh size of 0.3-0.4 cm to capture the freshwater shrimp in the pond. The sorting is lively and robust, with complete limbs, smooth body surface, no disease or injury, quick response, bouncing ability, body length ≥ The male shrimp with a body length of 6.0 cm and the female shrimp with a body length of ≥5.5 cm were moved into cement ponds or cages for stable temporary cultivation for 7 days. At this time, the benthic carnivorous ferocious aquatic economic animals stocked in the pond can also be caught and listed according to the market conditions.

Repeat the steps of "(3) stable domestication of freshwater shrimp" to "(nine) selection of freshwater shrimp with appropriate specifications from captured freshwater shrimp" more than 8 times, and high-quality freshwater shrimp varieties with stable properties can be obtained.

4. Freshwater Shrimp Breeding Technology Process Route 2

(1) Acquisition of wild high-quality egg-bearing female shrimp in the Taihu Lake water system

During the peak brooding period of female shrimps, some high-quality wild brooding female shrimps in the Taihu Lake water system are collected as parents for seedlings, which require strong vitality and quick response.

(2) Live-keeping transportation and manual screening of egg-bearing female shrimp

1. Keep alive transportation

For long-distance transportation, broodstock with green or greenish-yellow eggs should be selected. Early embryos are not easy to fall off during transportation. For short-distance transportation, you can choose broodstock with light brown eggs and eye spots at the end of the embryo body. The following two methods can be used for transportation: (1) Polyethylene film bags are oxygenated and sealed for transportation, using double-layer polyethylene film bags, the general size is 40 cm × 70 cm as the shipping container, and 100-150 broodstock shrimps are placed in each bag, for To prevent freshwater shrimps from piercing the film with their forehead swords during transportation and leak oxygen and water, cut off the tip of their foreheads before loading; (2) oxygenate the water tank for transportation, put an appropriate amount of broodstock shrimp, 2kg of shrimp per 100kg of water, and put them into the existing Put an appropriate amount of cleaned aquatic plants in wooden barrels, canvas barrels, and water tanks, oxygenate, add appropriate amount of ice cubes to cool down, and transport in shade.

2. Manual screening

It is required to be lively and strong, with complete limbs, smooth body surface, no disease or injury, quick response and jumping ability.

(3) Artificial breeding of freshwater shrimp

According to the actual situation, the following methods such as cement pond breeding, net cage breeding and pond breeding can be selected to carry out artificial seedling breeding according to local conditions.

1. Cement pond breeding

A. Seedling water

It is required to comply with my country's fishery breeding water quality standard (GB 11607289). Machine well water and reservoir water can be used. After oxygenation and exposure to the sun, use sodium chloride, iron sulfate, calcium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium borate, and magnesium sulfate. Adjust the salinity so that the salinity of the pool water reaches about 2 degrees Baume.

B. Seedling facilities and pre-treatment of seedlings

The cement pool bottom area should be 12-20m ² , and the water depth should be 1.2-1.5m. It is required to have an independent water inlet and drainage system, and 5 days before the seedlings are raised, the bleaching powder solution with a concentration of 20mg/L is used for the whole pool to be splashed and disinfected. When raising seedlings, place open hatching cages with 9 mesh/cm ² and a bottom area of 4-6m ² in the pool, and place aquatic plants inside and outside the cages to play the role of sunshade and water purification.

C. Broodstock management and hatching of larvae

When the abdominal eggs of the female shrimp turn from oily green to off-white with clear eye spots and the heart rate reaches 200 times per minute, the artificial breeding program is started. After the egg-bearing shrimps are put into the box with a density of about 0.5kg/ ^m2 , they are fed with miscellaneous fish, bean cakes and other feeds. The daily feeding amount is generally about 8% of the body weight of the broodstock shrimps. The feeding is divided into two times a day, once in the morning and once in the evening. , Stimulate with micro-flow water every day, the flow rate of micro-flow water is 0.15-0.20m/s, discharge sewage once a day, regularly remove residual bait and feces, check the situation of broodstock molting, increase oxygen and keep dissolved oxygen above 5.5mg/L , between pH 7-8. When the larvae hatch and the number of flea-like larvae in the pool reaches more than 500 tails/L, the broodstock and the incubator can be removed for seedling cultivation.

D. Cultivation of larvae

Feed bait 2-3 days after the larvae hatch. The egg yolk and cooked surimi are filtered through an 80-mesh sieve and sprinkled. The daily feeding amount is 0.5kg of fresh fish per 100,000 shrimp fry. and 2 eggs, fed 6-7 times a day. After 7 days, switch to soybean meal and fish meal, and feed them three times a day. After 15 days, start to feed mixed feed of fish meal, flour bran and corn flour. The daily feeding amount is 4-5% of the total weight of the shrimp seedlings, and it is thrown along the wall of the pond. The daily feeding is 2 times, of which 40% of the whole day's bait is thrown in the morning. %, throw 60% of the bait for the whole day in the afternoon. During the nursery period, add new water once every 2-3 days, and add water at a height of 10-15cm/time, and maintain a water level of about 1 meter in the overall culture pond.

2. Cage breeding

If there is no special breeding and nursery pond, cage breeding can be carried out in adult fish ponds or fingerling ponds with better water quality. Set up oxygenation equipment in the pond, and 30 days before breeding, use quicklime 50kg/mu to clear the pond thoroughly; 15-20 days before breeding, depending on the water quality, sprinkle soybean milk for 3-5 days to cultivate natural bait. The mesh of the incubator is 120 mesh/cm ² , the area is 25-30m ² , it is placed in a place where the water depth is above 1.5m, the transparency is 35-40cm, and the dissolved oxygen is kept at 5mg/L. The mesh of the incubator is 9 mesh/cm ² , The bottom area is 8-10m ² , and it is nested in the incubator. The amount of broodstock in the incubator is about 0.5kg/m ² . Sufficient natural bait, soy milk was applied 3 times during the cultivation period, 3-5 days/time, the amount of soy milk applied each time was 5kg/mu, and water was poured in time according to the transparency of the water. The water level in the later stage of seed cultivation was kept at about 1.2m to ensure Larvae grow in good water conditions. The type and quantity of feed during larvae cultivation are the same as those in cement pond breeding. With the continuous input of artificial feed and soybean milk, the pH value of the water body will slowly decrease, and the water in the pond will become fatter and thicker. Especially in the later stage of cultivation, every 5- Add new water once every 7 days, add 5 cm height each time, and properly sprinkle biological agents according to the water body area of the nursery pond to improve the water quality environment in the pond. During this period, air stones should be used to oxygenate, and the cages should be checked frequently for damage, and the surroundings of the cages should be kept clean and the water exchange should be smooth.

3. Pond breeding

A. Pond conditions

Choose a number of ponds with an area of 1-3 mu. The pond depth is required to be ≥ 1.5 meters. The pond water supply and drainage system is complete, the water source conditions are good, and the water quality is free from pollution.

B. Thoroughly clear the pond

The pond should be disinfected from the end of April to the beginning of May. Drain the pool water to 10-20 cm, clear the pond with quicklime, the amount of quicklime is 150-200kg/mu, and it is required to be evenly sprinkled.

C. to plant aquatic plants

After 7-10 days in the clear pond, the aquatic plants will be transplanted. After the aquatic plants form groups, the egg-bearing shrimp can be put in. Before putting egg-bearing shrimps into the pond, it is necessary to carry out insecticidal treatment according to the situation in the pond. 4-5 days before putting in, use insecticides such as fish insecticides that are less irritating to shrimps to kill large cladocerans and water spiders in the water. Aquatic insects, while adding water to the pool to a height of 50-60 cm.

D. Put egg-bearing shrimp

After the drug resistance disappears, 8-10kg/mu of egg-bearing shrimps are put in. In order to observe the development of fertilized eggs of ovum-bearing shrimps, several net cages with a bottom area of ^1-2m2 can be set in the pond, and about 50 ovum-bearing shrimps can be placed in each cage, and the color change of the fertilized eggs of ovum-bearing shrimps can be observed every day. When the fertilized eggs turn purple and eye spots appear, the mature organic fertilizer should be piled up on the four corners of the pond to cultivate the basic bait in the pond, so that the membrane-ruptured zoar larvae can obtain open bait.

E. Cultivation of larvae

The feed for zoa larvae is mainly plankton, and the method of cultivating natural bait can be adopted to meet their needs. After the larvae have molted 6-7 times, the appendages of the chest and abdomen have been fully developed, and the shape is the same as that of the adult shrimp. After the body length is 0.8-1 cm, the pellet feed is fed. During the cultivation period, water quality indicators such as dissolved oxygen, pH value, ammonia nitrogen value, and nitrite were monitored every day, and problems were found to be dealt with in time.

After 30-40 days of cultivation, when the juvenile shrimp grows to about 2 cm, they can go out of the pond for breeding. Summer flower nets can be used for seedling netting, and aquatic plants in the pond should be removed before fishing for netting operations. During transportation, some water plants should be properly added in the container to improve the survival rate of transportation.

(4) Artificial culture of freshwater shrimp

1. Breeding pond

The area of the breeding pond is preferably 2-5 mu, and the water depth is about 1.2-1.8 meters. The pond ridge must have a certain slope, and the slope ratio is usually 1:2-3. The water supply and drainage system of the pond is perfect, there are aquatic plants, and the pond silt is about 10 cm thick. It is generally equipped with 1.5KW aerator per mu, and the inlet and outlet should be blocked with dense mesh or double-layer sieve silk to prevent harmful organisms, wild fish and eggs discharged from entering the pond.

2. Breeding water

It is required that the water source is sufficient, the water quality is fresh and pollution-free, the dissolved oxygen content is ≥5mg/L, the bottom dissolved oxygen content is ≥3mg/L, and the pH value is 7.5-8.0.

3. Clear pond disinfection

The pond is exposed to the sun in winter, and 7-10 days before the shrimp seedlings are stocked, the whole pond is sprayed and disinfected with 75-100kg/mu of quicklime to kill pathogens and harmful organisms. Transplant aquatic plants 10 days after pond disinfection, and transplant along the shrimp pond in a shallow water zone 1 meter away from the pond ridge. The grass width is about 1 meter, and the transplanted area accounts for about 1/5 of the whole pond area.

4. Add water and fertilize

After 2-3 days of quicklime disinfection, add water to a height of 50-60 cm in the pond, and apply 150-200 kg/mu of fermented organic fertilizer to cultivate natural basic food organisms in the pond water.

5. Breeding environment regulation

After the shrimp pond is filled with water, grass is planted immediately, and the coverage area of aquatic plants is controlled at about 30% of the total water surface, and the transparency of the pond water is about 30 cm. After transplanting aquatic plants, apply 0.5-0.75 tons/mu of manure to the pond as base fertilizer.

6. Stocking of seedlings

Shrimp seedlings are stocked 7-10 days after the cleaning pond is disinfected. The stocking quantity of shrimp seedlings is 50,000-60,000/mu, and the size is about 1.5 cm. Shrimp seedlings should be stocked on cloudy or rainy days. If it is sunny, the seedlings should be stocked in the morning or evening to avoid direct sunlight, which will affect the survival rate. Seedlings require neat specifications, complete limbs, and sufficient seedlings at one time.

7. Feed and feeding skills

Freshwater prawns are omnivorous and partial to animal feeding habits. Soybean meal, vegetable cakes, rice bran, fish meal, wild fish, river mussels, and snails can be used as feed. Feeds are required to be high-quality, fresh and palatable. The crude protein content of feed should reach 35-40% in the juvenile shrimp stage, and the body length should be more than 4 cm in the middle and later stages. The feed for adult shrimp should have a crude protein content of 30-32%.

The daily feeding amount is 7-10% of the total weight of the shrimp, and the feeding amount is once in the morning and afternoon. Two-thirds of the daily feeding amount should be mainly freshwater shrimp pellet feed, and the bait should be evenly placed on the edge of the shallow water near the edge of the pond ridge along the pond.

8. Daily management

Patrol ponds every morning and evening, in case of hot weather, increase the number of pond patrols in the middle of the night, and carefully observe the activity of freshwater shrimp. Adjust the water level according to the season. In the high temperature season from July to September, change the water once every 5-7 days. The water change volume is 20-30 cm in the height of the pond. Turn on the oxygen in the early morning, and turn on the oxygen in the middle of the night when it rains continuously. If signs of floating head are found, start the machine to increase oxygen as soon as possible, and if necessary, refill with new water and sprinkle oxygen enhancer for first aid.

(5) Establish a biological elimination mechanism for freshwater shrimp

After 30 days of freshwater shrimp seedlings, that is, when the body length of freshwater shrimp reaches about 3 cm, a certain number of benthic carnivorous and ferocious aquatic economic animals are put into the breeding pond, and the predation pressure produced by them on freshwater shrimp is used to implement biological elimination. The specific requirements are:

1. Types and specifications of benthic carnivorous and ferocious aquatic economic animals: river eel 250-350 grams/tail or Chinese soft-shelled turtle 200-300 grams/tail or mandarin fish 150-200 grams/tail.

2. The number of benthic carnivorous and ferocious aquatic economic animals stocked: based on the stocking quantity of green shrimps is 50,000/mu, the stocking quantity is 60-100 river eels/mu or 40-60 Chinese soft-shelled turtles/mu or 60 mandarin fishes. -100 tails/mu.

3. Benthic carnivores, ferocious aquatic economic animals, individual requirements for stocking: overall size, no disease, no injury, no deformity, quick response, healthy and lively, strong exercise ability.

4. Pre-stocking treatment of benthic carnivorous and ferocious aquatic economic animals: according to conventional methods, they should be disinfected and then stocked.

The purpose of this biological elimination mechanism is: (1) eliminate those relatively weak-quality freshwater shrimp individuals and precocious individuals, reduce disease transmission, and increase the success rate of breeding; (2) use predation pressure as an auxiliary means for selecting freshwater shrimp germplasm, improve (3) Increase the commercial value of ferocious benthic carnivorous fish by ingesting low-quality freshwater shrimp.

(6) Select suitable size freshwater shrimp from the freshwater shrimp

Before the breeding season, use a large-mesh shrimp cage with a mesh size of 0.3-0.4 cm to capture the freshwater shrimp in the pond. The sorting is lively and robust, with complete limbs, smooth body surface, no disease or injury, quick response, bouncing ability, body length ≥ 6.0 cm male shrimp and ≥5.5 cm body length female shrimp. At this time, the benthic carnivorous ferocious aquatic economic animals stocked in the pond can also be caught and listed according to the market conditions.

(7) Stable domestication of freshwater shrimp

Domesticate the selected female and male freshwater shrimps in cement ponds or polyethylene nodule-free cages of 10 mesh/cm ² respectively. The temporary stocking density is 100-120 tails/m ² . Fresh, dissolved oxygen in water ≥ 5mg/L. Domesticate for three days. After the third day, feed with crushed snail meat and mussel meat. The daily feeding amount is 3-5% of the total weight of the shrimp. , Remove residual bait and dead shrimp in time, and the domestication cycle is seven days.

(8) Give environmental pressure to select broodstock

The domesticated female and male freshwater shrimps were respectively moved into cement ponds with a pH value of 6.0-6.5 and an ammonia nitrogen value of 0.5-1.0 mg/L for a transition period of four days. No feed was fed during this period, and feces and dead shrimp were removed in time. After the end of the four-day transition, some individuals with strong vigor were selected by visual inspection as broodstock, and moved into the broodstock pond. The initial ammonia nitrogen value and pH value of the water quality in the cement pond used for broodstock selection were adjusted with NH ₄ Cl, HCl and NaOH, respectively. This stage is mainly used to remove individual freshwater shrimps that are sensitive to pH value and ammonia nitrogen value and whose vigor decreases significantly after being stressed, so as to ensure the quality of broodstock.

(9) Broodstock culture

Put the male and female shrimps selected by environmental pressure in a ratio of 3-5:1 into a 10 mesh/cm ² polyethylene nodule-free net cage, with a breeding density of 80-100 tails or 0.5kg/m ² , with a small amount of Aquatic plants require fresh water quality and dissolved oxygen in water ≥ 5mg/L. Use crushed snail meat and mussel meat as bait, and the daily bait feeding amount is 3-5% of the total weight of the shrimp, which can be increased or decreased according to the situation. It is better to eat it within 2 hours, and feed it twice a day , once in the morning, the feeding amount accounts for 1/3 of the whole day, and once in the afternoon, the feeding amount accounts for 2/3 of the whole day, remove residual bait and dead shrimp in time, and observe the development of fertilized eggs. Stop feeding feed when the water temperature is lower than 10°C. After the female shrimps conceive eggs, select individuals with an egg capacity ≥ 4000 per tail as formal artificial breeding broodstock.

By repeating the steps of "(3) Artificial breeding of freshwater shrimp" to "(9) Cultivation of broodstock" for more than 8 times, high-quality freshwater shrimp varieties with stable properties can be obtained.

Claims (4)

1. the breeding method of a freshwater shrimp utilizes the fresh water shrimp resources to culture breeding, and it is characterized in that: it comprises following basic skills one:

A, in freshwater shrimp before mating season, gather the wild freshwater shrimp of Taihu Lake water system high-quality, require female shrimp body long >=5.0 centimetres with male shrimp body long >=5.5 centimetres some;

B, in the cement pit of plant or net cage, raise and train stablize 7 days after, their are moved in the cement pit that cultivate water is pH value 6.0-6.5 and ammonia nitrogen value 0.5-1.0mg/L after temporary foster 4 days, select the high some high-quality individualities of health degree as close shrimp;

C, close shrimp are by female-male proportion 3-5: 1 carries out special pond cultivates;

D, contain the phase, specially support from close shrimp and sort out long >=5.5 centimetres of body the pond, the some conducts of the female shrimp of high-quality oogenesis energetic, that reaction is quick are grown seedlings and use the parent, cultivate and obtain shrimp seedling in batches, enforcement high-density breeding by conventional method in female shrimp oogenesis;

E, young shrimp high density culture are after 30 days, and when promptly the freshwater shrimp body reached 3.0 centimetres of left and right sides, river eel or the Chinese soft-shelled turtle or the mandarin fish of in culturing the pond, putting into some were set up freshwater shrimp biological elimination mechanism,

Be that freshwater shrimp was put seedling after 30 days; Be freshwater shrimp body when reaching 3 centimetres of left and right sides, culture and put into the end carnivorous ferociousness property aquatic economic animal of dwelling in the pond: a, the end dwell carnivorous ferociousness property aquatic economic animal kind and specification: river eel 250-350 gram/tail or Chinese soft-shelled turtle 200-300 gram/or mandarin fish 150-200 gram/tail; B, the end carnivorous ferociousness property aquatic economic animal of dwelling is put quantity in a suitable place to breed: by the freshwater shrimp stocking rate is 50,000 tail/mus, stocking rate be river eel 60-100 tail/mu or Chinese soft-shelled turtle 40-60 only/mu or mandarin fish 60-100 tail/mu; C, the end carnivorous ferociousness property aquatic economic animal of dwelling is put individual the requirement in a suitable place to breed: whole, the anosis nothing of specification is hindered does not have deformity, be quick on the draw, healthy active, locomitivity is strong; Dwell and put in a suitable place to breed after carnivorous ferociousness property aquatic economic animal should be disinfected in d, the end;

F, cultured before mating season in close shrimp and to place lobster basket in the pond and fish for high-quality freshwater shrimp in batches, require male shrimp body long >=6.0 centimetres with long >=5.5 centimetres of female shrimp body;

G, use by above-mentioned B, C, D, E, F step repetitive cycling successively, repetitive cycling is more than 8 times, acquired character stable high quality freshwater shrimp strain.

2. the breeding method of a freshwater shrimp utilizes the fresh water shrimp resources to culture breeding, and it is characterized in that: it comprises following basic skills two:

A, contain the phase, gather the some conducts of the female shrimp of the wild oogenesis of Taihu Lake water system high-quality and grow seedlings and use the parent in female shrimp oogenesis, require energetic, reaction is quick, long >=5.5 centimetres of body, oogenesis is measured >=4000/tail;

B, cultivate according to a conventional method and obtain in batches shrimp seedling, implement high-density breeding;

C, young shrimp high density culture are after 30 days, and when promptly the freshwater shrimp body reached 3.0 centimetres of left and right sides, river eel or the Chinese soft-shelled turtle or the mandarin fish of in culturing the pond, putting into some were set up freshwater shrimp biological elimination mechanism,

Be that freshwater shrimp was put seedling after 30 days; Be freshwater shrimp body when reaching 3 centimetres of left and right sides, culture and put into the end carnivorous ferociousness property aquatic economic animal of dwelling in the pond: a, the end dwell carnivorous ferociousness property aquatic economic animal kind and specification: river eel 250-350 gram/tail or Chinese soft-shelled turtle 200-300 gram/or mandarin fish 150-200 gram/tail; B, the end carnivorous ferociousness property aquatic economic animal of dwelling is put quantity in a suitable place to breed: by the freshwater shrimp stocking rate is 50,000 tail/mus, stocking rate be river eel 60-100 tail/mu or Chinese soft-shelled turtle 40-60 only/mu or mandarin fish 60-100 tail/mu; C, the end carnivorous ferociousness property aquatic economic animal of dwelling is put individual the requirement in a suitable place to breed: whole, the anosis nothing of specification is hindered does not have deformity, be quick on the draw, healthy active, locomitivity is strong; Dwell and put in a suitable place to breed after carnivorous ferociousness property aquatic economic animal should be disinfected in d, the end;

D, cultured before mating season in freshwater shrimp and to place lobster basket in the pond and fish for high-quality freshwater shrimp in batches, require male shrimp body long >=6.0 centimetres with long >=5.5 centimetres of female shrimp body;

E, with above-mentioned selected freshwater shrimp in the cement pit of plant or net cage, raise and train stablize 7 days after; Their are moved in the cement pit that cultivate water is pH value 6.0-6.5 and ammonia nitrogen value 0.5-1.0mg/L after temporary foster 4 days, select the high some high-quality individualities of health degree as close shrimp;

F, close shrimp are by female-male proportion 3-5: 1 carries out special pond cultivates;

G, contain the phase, specially support from close shrimp and sort out long >=5.5 centimetres of body the pond, the some conducts of the female shrimp of high-quality oogenesis energetic, that reaction is quick are grown seedlings and used the parent in female shrimp oogenesis;

H, undertaken by above-mentioned B, C, D, E, F, G step repetitive cycling successively, repetitive cycling is more than 8 times, acquired character stable high quality freshwater shrimp strain.

3. the breeding method of a kind of freshwater shrimp according to claim 1 and 2; It is characterized in that: employing gives the environmental pressure mode and selects close shrimp; Being about to raise and train the female shrimp of end, male shrimp moves into respectively in the cement pit that cultivate water is pH value 6.0-6.5 and ammonia nitrogen value 0.5-1.0mg/L and supported four days temporarily; The feed of not throwing something and feeding during supporting is temporarily in time removed ight soil and dead shrimp in the pond, support temporarily finish after; Select energetic several body as close shrimp with ocular estimate, and press female-male proportion 3-5: 1 moves in the parent shrimp rearing pond.

4. the breeding method of a kind of freshwater shrimp according to claim 1 and 2; It is characterized in that: catch and select suitable specification freshwater shrimp in the freshwater shrimp; Promptly catch the freshwater shrimp in the pond with the big 0.3-0.4 of order centimetre lobster basket; Letter sorting is vivaciously healthy and strong, limbs are complete, body surface is bright and clean, anosis nothing is hindered, it is strong to be quick on the draw, to bounce, and the female shrimp that male shrimp that body is long>=6.0 centimetres and body are long>=5.5 centimetres moves into respectively to stablize temporarily in cement pit or the net cage and supported 7 days; After its breeding method: Ying Jing debugs water temperature repeatedly, raise and train in cement pit or 10 orders/cm ²Polyethylene do not have in the tubercle net cage, supporting density temporarily is 100-120 tail/m ², a small amount of pasture and water of interior layout require that water quality is pure and fresh, dissolved oxygen in water amount>=5mg/L; Raising and train 3 days, after the 3rd day, is feedstuff feeding with the spiral shell meat and the freshwater mussel meat of grating; Day, feeding volume elder generation tried to shoot by the 3-5% of shrimp gross weight, took the circumstances into consideration suitable the increase and decrease, the secondary of throwing something and feeding day; In time remove residual bait and dead shrimp, the cycle of raising and train is 7 days.

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