CN110419470A - A kind of indoor industrially propagation method of mandarin fish - Google Patents
A kind of indoor industrially propagation method of mandarin fish Download PDFInfo
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- CN110419470A CN110419470A CN201910720150.2A CN201910720150A CN110419470A CN 110419470 A CN110419470 A CN 110419470A CN 201910720150 A CN201910720150 A CN 201910720150A CN 110419470 A CN110419470 A CN 110419470A
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
- A01K61/17—Hatching, e.g. incubators
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of indoor industrially propagation methods of mandarin fish, method includes the following steps: the injection of indoor circulation water system mandarin fish parent culture, medicament of hastening parturition and non-flowing water natural spawning, indoor fertilized eggs temperature control hatching, indoor mandarin fish seedling short cultivation.The present invention can cultivate for mandarin fish parent emphasis and reduce the mandarin fish parent culture period; reduce the damage to mandarin fish parent; improve mandarin fish rate of fertilization; it improves fertilized eggs membrane rate and shortens the membrane period and improve seed survival rate, and entire breeding cycle is not facilitated the industrialization of mandarin fish seed, batch production, scale controllably by external environmental interference, whole process.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to aquaculture and seed breeding technical fields, and in particular to a kind of indoor industrially of mandarin fish, rule
Modelling propagation method.
Background technique
Mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi Basilewsky) nickname mandarin fish, mandarin fish is that China mainly cultivates name
Your aquatic species is all the life food with live bait, and fine and tender taste, delicious flavour are received by the market.The mandarin fish culture-cycle is very short, and 4
It can grow to finished product mandarin fish the moon and list, yield rises year by year in recent years, but mandarin fish offspring breeding method is still traditional for many years
And facility is simple, is unfavorable for the scale of mandarin fish industry.
The breeding of mandarin fish is by parent culture, medicament of hastening parturition injection and oviposition, incubating oosperm and seed short cultivation four
A part composition.There is the research much about mandarin fish proliferation in recent years, incorporates some streams about mandarin fish artificial propagation
Cheng Fangfa improves the yield of mandarin fish seed to a certain extent, but does not have also at present about mandarin fish mating system breakthrough
Improvement, it is used at present to remain traditional breeding facility and method.Mandarin fish parent still cultivates in native pond, and cultivation period is long
And the damage of parent is be easy to cause during fishing；Breeding pond and circular hatching channal are built in outdoor, and flowing water persistently pierces when breeding
Swash, causes water resource largely to waste, and the conditions such as water temperature are uncontrollable, the membrane period is long, and seed rearing process risk is high.
The generation of problems above is so that since the uncontrollability of facility and environment causes a large amount of germplasm to provide during mandarin fish seed breeding
The waste in source.The present invention is ground in characteristic fresh-water fishes industry's technology system mandarin fish nutritional need and feed (CARS-46) and state key
It is completed under hair programme support-blue silo (2018YFD0900400) funded projects.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of that present invention to provide a kind of indoor industrially propagation methods of mandarin fish, can conspicuousness contracting by this method
The short parent fish rearing period to 1 month, shortens the fertilized eggs membrane period to 42 hours, reduces mandarin fish parent by natural fertilization method
It damages and improves fertilized eggs rate of fertilization to 90% or more, while by the temperature control operation in hatching process, so that fertilized eggs demoulding
Time concentrates within 6 hours so that mandarin fish seedling maturity is consistent, opening time is consistent, greatly improves mandarin fish seed
Survival rate.Facilitate the industrialization of mandarin fish seed, batch production, scale with this method.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of indoor industrially propagation method of mandarin fish, comprising the following steps:
1) indoor circulating water mandarin fish parent culture: select figure it is healthy and strong, without hurting disease-free, weight in 2 ages of 0.75kg or more
The above mandarin fish parent is transferred in indoor circulation water system breeding barrel after soaking disinfection, and male and female are separately raised, and parent's density is less than
10kg/m3, water temperature is set in 20-24 DEG C；
2) it medicament of hastening parturition injection and non-flowing water natural spawning: selects the mandarin fish parent that anus is rubescent, figure is healthy and strong and urges
Injection is produced, parent's male and female proportion is 1:1, and raun injects dioxone 3-5mg/kg, luteotropin releasing hormone d-ala analog 9-12 μ g/
Kg, human chorionic gonadtropin 1000-1200 unit/kg, milter injection volume is the half of raun injection volume, using pectoral fin armpit
All parent transfers to interior are hastened parturition in facility net cage after injection and carry out heat wherein and produce naturally by isotope labeled leucine
Ovum, interior facility of hastening parturition are made of breeding barrel or cement pit and the net cage being erected in it, cage size 1m
× 1m × 1.5m-2m × 2m × 1.5m, net cage width of mesh are 70-90 mesh, so that the water surface is rolled by pumping gas in net cage
Parent population heat can be stimulated, ripe fish density of hastening parturition is less than 2kg/m3, water temperature control is at 24-26 DEG C；
3) it indoor fertilized eggs temperature control hatching: is transferred in hatching barrel from fertilized eggs are collected in net cage, triploidy rate is less than 9
Ten thousand/m3, there is the flowing water of bottom in and top out persistently to carry out water body replacement, flow velocity 0.1-0.4m in bucket3/ h, preceding 30- in hatching process
36 hour water temperatures are set as 24 DEG C, are adjusted to 29 DEG C thereafter；
4) it indoor mandarin fish seedling short cultivation: after mandarin fish seedling normally puts down trip in hatching barrel, is connected by hose by mandarin fish
For seedling smooth transfer into the indoor flat pond of strip cement sterilized, breeding density should be less than 10,000 tails/m3, water temperature control
At 22-24 DEG C, water body is replaced by miniflow water to guarantee pool inner water body water quality, and increased using porous nano oxygen increasing tube
Oxygen prepares opening after mandarin fish seedling yolk is depleted, feeds the bream seedling or grass carp seedling of rigid rupture of membranes.
Preferably, in step 1) during indoor circulating water mandarin fish parent culture, water temperature is constant at 22 DEG C, and dissolved oxygen level is big
In 7mg/L, pH value 7-8, ammonia nitrogen level are less than 0.02mg/L, nitrite level is less than 0.05mg/L.
Preferably, indoor non-flowing water mandarin fish parent population hastens parturition density as 1.5kg/m in step 2)3。
The present invention has the advantages that
The present invention provides a kind of indoor industrially propagation methods of mandarin fish, method includes the following steps: indoor circulation
Water mandarin fish parent culture, medicament of hastening parturition injection and non-flowing water natural spawning, indoor fertilized eggs temperature control hatching, indoor mandarin fish seedling are short-term
It cultivates.Wherein indoor circulating water mandarin fish parent culture can be cultivated for mandarin fish parent emphasis and conspicuousness shortens mandarin fish parent culture
Period to 1 month, shortens the fertilized eggs membrane period to 42 hours；Medicament of hastening parturition injection and non-flowing water natural spawning can be reduced to mandarin fish
The damage of fish parent improves mandarin fish rate of fertilization to 90% or more；Indoor fertilized eggs temperature control hatching is so that fertilized eggs demoulding time collection
In within 6 hours so that mandarin fish seedling maturity is consistent, opening time is consistent, greatly improve the survival of mandarin fish seed
Rate；Seed survival rate can be improved in indoor mandarin fish seedling short cultivation, not by external environmental interference.This method will be helpful to mandarin fish seed
Industrialization, batch production, can a large amount of Economization on land costs, human cost and water resource, and have compared to Traditional breeding processes
Extremely strong controllability, minimum by environmental disturbances such as outside climatics, seed survival rate is high, has high industrialization prospect.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is mature mandarin fish parent's reproductive organs figure.As figure be by indoor circulating water cultivation system cultivate 29 days at
Ripe mandarin fish parent；A left side is male mandarin fish parent, and the right side is female parent, and two figure mandarin fish parent's gonopores are rubescent, is reached maturity, wherein
Milter mandarin fish parent gently squeezes the white sperm of appearance.
Fig. 2 is that indoor mandarin fish is hastened parturition facility.Interior facility of hastening parturition by breeding barrel or cement pit and is erected in it
Net cage is constituted, and net cage width of mesh is 80 mesh, and specification is 2m × 1m × 1m, Oxygen supply head built in net cage, by pumping in net cage
Gas, which makes the water surface rolling occur, can stimulate parent population heat, be different from big volume, the stimulation by running water mode of traditional spawning inducing pool, interior is urged
Facility is produced mandarin fish parent is limited in relatively small space by the presence of net cage, at the same nor affect in net cage water body and
The exchange of extraneous water body, what which can greatly facilitate parent population chases heat, improves fertilized eggs rate of fertilization.
Fig. 3 is the fertilized eggs of facility natural fertilization of being hastened parturition using mandarin fish.It is hastened parturition facility by using indoor mandarin fish, mandarin fish is logical
Natural fertilization is crossed to be bred, high compared to traditional artificial insemination mode improves rate of fertilization, by sampling Detection
It was found that the batch rate of fertilization is up to 90.5%.
Fig. 4 is the neat mandarin fish seedling of demoulding.Hatched by using indoor fertilized eggs temperature control incubation equipment, and uses temperature control
The mandarin fish seed of the flat pond short cultivation of strip.Compared to traditional incubation equipment can shorten the incubating oosperm time and make by
The smart ovum demoulding time concentrates within 6 hours so that mandarin fish seedling maturity is consistent, opening time is consistent, greatly improves mandarin fish
The survival rate of fry kind.
Specific embodiment
The indoor industrially propagation method of 1 mandarin fish of embodiment
1, indoor circulating water mandarin fish parent culture:
Figure stalwartness is selected in mandarin fish parent's nucleus populations, 2 age mandarin fishes of the disease-free, weight in 0.75kg or more are close without hurting
This 150 tail, wherein 75 tail of male parent, 75 tail of female parent, ratio of selecting are 3:1.By all parents in the sea that concentration is 5%
Be transferred in circulation breeding barrel after soaking disinfection within 20 minutes in salt, male and female are separately raised, and parent's density is 10kg/
m3.Adjustment circulating water heating equipment keeps circulating water temperature constant at 22 DEG C, and every water quality indicator meets breeding water body requirement (dissolved oxygen
Level is greater than 7mg/L, pH value 7-8, ammonia nitrogen level and is less than 0.05mg/L less than 0.02mg/L, nitrite level), it is strong in parent population
During changing culture, the small grass carp for accounting for parent's total weight 8% feeds parent daily, observes parent sooner or later and ingests situation,
If it was found that bait fish eats up then supplement in due course by mandarin fish parent quickly.Mandarin fish parent carries out 29 in the indoor circulation water system
Its reinforced cultivating, 97.3% mandarin fish parent's anus is pink, reaches specific maturity for breeding and uses (see Fig. 1).Compared to
Outdoor ponds 3 months culture periods of mandarin fish parent, indoor circulating water parent culture greatly shorten cultivation cycle.
2, medicament of hastening parturition injection and non-flowing water natural spawning:
Select that 20 tail anuses are rubescent, the maximum mandarin fish parent (such as Fig. 1) of individual carries out from indoor circulating water cultivation system
It hastens parturition injection, male parent counterpoise 1.05kg, female parent counterpoise is 1.25kg, and parent's male and female proportion is 1:1.Using pectoral fin armpit
Nest isotope labeled leucine, oxytocic drug are dioxone (DOM), luteotropin releasing hormone d-ala analog (LRH-A2) and chorion rush property
The mixture of glandular hormone (HCG) three kinds of medicaments, wherein raun dosage is as follows: DOM 4mg/kg, LRH-A210 μ g/kg, HCG
1100 units/kg, milter injection volume are the half of raun injection volume.After injection, all parents are fully transferred to be erected at
In net cage in indoor cement pit (or breeding barrel), cement pit specification be 6m × 6m × 1m, cage size be 1.5 × 1.5m ×
1.5m, mesh are 80 mesh, and facility water temperature is controlled at 25 DEG C, so that the water surface is occurred rolling and can be stimulated by pumping gas in net cage
Parent population heat, can play effect of stimulation identical with traditional stimulation by running water mode, interior hasten parturition facility by net cage by mandarin fish
Fish parent is limited in relatively small space, while nor affecting on the exchange of water body and extraneous water body in net cage, the setting energy
The heat of chasing of parent population is greatly facilitated, mandarin fish is bred by natural fertilization, compared to traditional artificial insemination mode
It is not only greatly reduced mandarin fish parent's extent of damage, also improves fertilized eggs rate of fertilization, for the evil of water quality during avoiding hastening parturition
Change the death for causing fertilized eggs, ripe fish density of hastening parturition, which should control, is being less than 2kg/m3It is best.After 30 hours, mandarin fish produces naturally
Ovum fertilization is 220,000 or so by sampling Detection discovery fertilized eggs quantity, rate of fertilization 90.5%.
3, indoor fertilized eggs temperature control hatching:
It is transferred in hatching barrel from all fertilized eggs are collected in net cage, triploidy rate is up to 90,000/m in bucket3, in bucket
There is the flowing water of bottom in and top out persistently to carry out water body replacement, flow velocity 0.2m3/ h, additionally by heat riser in control bucket, debugging
Hatch after water body is 24 DEG C, 36 hours, rupture of membranes gone out to fry in fertilized eggs, adjusts water temperature in 29 DEG C, 6 hours, by
Smart ovum membrane, then readjusting water temperature is 24 DEG C, water volume flow rate 0.4m3/h.Discovery survival rate reaches after testing
95% or more, it is too big and dead that only few part becomes dead ovum or the too early energy consumption of membrane.
4, indoor mandarin fish seedling short cultivation:
After 2 days, after mandarin fish seedling can normally put down trip in hatching barrel, connected by hose by mandarin fish seedling smooth transfer
To in advance use 10mg/L potassium permanganate to stay overnight soaking disinfection the indoor flat pond of strip cement in (specification for 5m × 1m ×
0.6m), mandarin fish seed breeding density is 10,000 tails/m3.Period normally cultivates, to the depleted preparation opening of mandarin fish seedling yolk.It opens
When mouth, need to feed the bream seedling of just rupture of membranes, bream seedling quantity is 6 times of mandarin fish seedling quantity, persistently feeds 4 days, Zhi Houbian
Slightly larger bait seedling can be fed.Period, the flat pool inner water temperature of cement are controlled always by temperature control device at 24 DEG C, and micropore is used
Nanometer oxygen increasing tube carries out oxygenation, and is replaced to flat pool inner water body by miniflow water to guarantee pool inner water body water quality.Pass through
Temperature control, nanotube oxygenation and miniflow water is carried out during mandarin fish seedling culture to change water and mandarin fish seedling can not only be made to live in always
Under suitable water environment, while decreasing external environment variation and stress is generated to be conducive to grow to mandarin fish seedling.
In the case of the non-flowing water natural spawning of embodiment 2, parent population is hastened parturition influence of the density to mandarin fish rate of fertilization
In order to determine optimum density that indoor non-flowing water mandarin fish parent population is hastened parturition, we choose from indoor circulating water cultivation system
Select that anus is rubescent, to be provided with 4 groups of density of hastening parturition be respectively 1kg/m by individual big mandarin fish parent3、1.5kg/m3、2.5kg/m3、
3.5kg/m3Parent population is hastened parturition group, and parent's male and female proportion is 1:1.The parent of injection of hastening parturition is fully transferred to be erected in breeding barrel
Net cage in, breeding barrel specification be 3m3, cage size is 1.5 × 1.5m × 1.5m.Using pectoral fin armpit isotope labeled leucine, urge
Production drug is dioxone (DOM), luteotropin releasing hormone d-ala analog (LRH-A2) and three kinds of human chorionic gonadtropin (HCG)
The mixture of medicament, wherein raun dosage is as follows: DOM 4mg/kg, LRH-A210 μ g/kg, HCG 1100 units/kg, milter
Injection volume is the half of raun injection volume.Facility water temperature controls after 25 DEG C, 30 hours, mandarin fish natural spawning fertilization, according to
Secondary each group rate of fertilization of statistics is respectively 85.3%, 92.5%, 65.2%, 21.6%.From experimental data it is found that water temperature control
For system at 25 DEG C, indoor non-flowing water mandarin fish parent population hastens parturition density most preferably as 1.5kg/m3。
Influence of the incubating oosperm temperature to mandarin fish fertilized eggs demoulding in embodiment Room 3
Be fully transferred in hatching barrel from all fertilized eggs are collected in net cage, in bucket triploidy rate be set as 80,000/
m3, there is the flowing water of bottom in and top out persistently to carry out water body replacement, flow velocity 0.2m in bucket3/ h is filled additionally by heating up in control bucket
It sets, 4 temperature gradient groups, respectively temperature setting 1 (debugging water body hatching process temperature is 24 DEG C) is set；Temperature setting 2
(debugging water body hatching process in first 33 hours be 24 DEG C, after be adjusted to 29 DEG C)；Temperature setting 3 is (in debugging water body hatching process
First 36 hours be 24 DEG C, after be adjusted to 29 DEG C)；(first 39 hours in debugging water body hatching process are 24 DEG C to temperature setting 4, rear to adjust
Whole is 29 DEG C)；Mandarin fish fertilized eggs demoulding situation is counted respectively.
Experimental result is as follows:
Temperature setting 1 (temperature whole process is set as 24 DEG C) the whole demoulding time is 50 hours, and demoulding time span is 14 small
When；
Temperature setting 2 (first 33 hours are 24 DEG C, then be adjusted to 29 DEG C) whole demoulding times are 41 hours, but when demoulding
Between span it is longer, be 7 hours；
Temperature setting 3 (first 36 hours are 24 DEG C, then be adjusted to 29 DEG C) whole demoulding times are 42 hours, but when demoulding
Between shorter span be 5 hours；
Temperature setting 4 (first 39 hours are 24 DEG C, then be adjusted to 29 DEG C) whole demoulding times are 44 hours, span when demoulding
Degree is 6 hours, and has begun demoulding before temperature adjustment；
Comprehensively consider discovery, indoor fertilized eggs temperature control incubation temperature be set as first 36 hours be 24 DEG C, after be adjusted to 29 DEG C,
The demoulding time is shorter and membrane consistency is best.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of indoor industrially propagation method of mandarin fish, which comprises the following steps:
1) indoor circulating water mandarin fish parent culture: select figure it is healthy and strong, without hurting disease-free, weight in 0.75kg or more 2 more than age
Mandarin fish parent is transferred in indoor circulation water system breeding barrel after soaking disinfection, and male and female are separately raised, and parent's density is less than
10kg/m3, water temperature is set in 20-24 DEG C；
2) it medicament of hastening parturition injection and non-flowing water natural spawning: selects the mandarin fish parent that anus is rubescent, figure is healthy and strong and carries out note of hastening parturition
It penetrates, parent's male and female proportion is 1:1, and raun injects dioxone 3-5mg/kg, luteotropin releasing hormone d-ala analog 9-12 μ g/kg,
Human chorionic gonadtropin 1000-1200 unit/kg, milter injection volume is the half of raun injection volume, using pectoral fin armpit one
All parent transfers to interior are hastened parturition in facility net cage after injection and carry out heat wherein and produce naturally by secondary injection method
Ovum, interior facility of hastening parturition are made of breeding barrel or cement pit and the net cage being erected in it, cage size 1m
× 1m × 1.5m-2m × 2m × 1.5m, net cage width of mesh are 70-90 mesh, so that the water surface is rolled by pumping gas in net cage
Parent population heat can be stimulated, ripe fish density of hastening parturition is less than 2kg/m3, water temperature control is at 24-26 DEG C；
3) it indoor fertilized eggs temperature control hatching: is transferred in hatching barrel from fertilized eggs are collected in net cage, triploidy rate is less than 90,000
Grain/m3, there is the flowing water of bottom in and top out persistently to carry out water body replacement, flow velocity 0.1-0.4m in bucket3/ h, preceding 30-36 in hatching process
Water temperature is set as 24 DEG C within a hour, is adjusted to 29 DEG C thereafter；
4) it indoor mandarin fish seedling short cultivation: after mandarin fish seedling normally puts down trip in hatching barrel, is connected by hose by mandarin fish Miao Ping
It is surely transferred in the indoor flat pond of strip cement sterilized, breeding density should be less than 10,000 tails/m3, water temperature control is in 22-
24 DEG C, water body is replaced by miniflow water to guarantee pool inner water body water quality, and use the oxygenation of porous nano oxygen increasing tube, mandarin fish
Prepare opening after seedling yolk is depleted, feeds the bream seedling or grass carp seedling of rigid rupture of membranes.
2. the indoor industrially propagation method of mandarin fish according to claim 1, which is characterized in that indoor circulation in step 1)
During water mandarin fish parent culture, water temperature is constant at 22 DEG C, and dissolved oxygen level is greater than 7mg/L, pH value 7-8, ammonia nitrogen level and is less than
0.02mg/L, nitrite level are less than 0.05mg/L.
3. the indoor industrially propagation method of mandarin fish according to claim 1, which is characterized in that indoor non-streaming in step 2)
Water mandarin fish parent population hastens parturition density as 1.5kg/m3。
4. the indoor industrially propagation method of mandarin fish according to claim 1, which is characterized in that indoor fertilization in step 3)
During egg hatching, preceding 36 hour water temperatures are set as 24 DEG C, are adjusted to 29 DEG C thereafter.
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