CN103444600B - Two-stage efficient rearing method for freshwater shrimp fry - Google Patents
Two-stage efficient rearing method for freshwater shrimp fry Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A two-stage efficient rearing method for freshwater shrimp fry includes the steps of 1, rearing parents, selecting young shrimps basically uniform in specification, and rearing the young shrimps in a special parent pond in early March; 2, breeding shrimp fry. Technical schemes are made for breeding pond conditions, parent shrimp stocking, fry rearing and the like; accordingly, the large-scale synchronous breeding is achieved, and unit rearing yield and fry quality can be increased greatly.
Description
Technical field
The technical program belongs to technical field of aquaculture, specifically a kind of freshwater shrimp seedling-cultivating method.
Background technology
In prior art, freshwater shrimp seedling raising process Prawn shoot survival percent is unstable, and the factor affecting shrimp shoot survival percent is varied, and the superposition of some unfavorable factor also causes shrimp shoot survival percent decline degree to aggravate.Common female male parent shrimp, with pool seedling raising manners, is actually parent culture pond and nursery pond " pond is dual-purpose ", and because pond uses for a long time, pond water quality bad environments, affect shrimp seedling output, and shrimp seedling specification is irregular.Yet there are no research, just improve the comprehensive effective method of freshwater shrimp shrimp shoot survival percent.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, improve freshwater shrimp nursery level, according to freshwater shrimp biological property, to the environment during seed rearing, nutrition, to perch etc. and require to carry out deep research, crack the crucial limiting factor that restriction freshwater shrimp nursery level promotes, define " two-part " freshwater shrimp seed propagation in scale mode (the special pond of parent is cultivated and two stages are bred in the special pond of shrimp seedling), and in the special pond of shrimp seedling is bred, establish " 135 " seedling growing process management mode, achieve large-scale synchronization to breed, significantly improve unit nursery output and shrimp seedling quality.
Technical scheme of the present invention is the efficient offspring breeding method of a kind of two-part freshwater shrimp, and step comprises:
1) parent culture
Select the juvenile prawn that specification is basically identical, at the beginning of March, put into the special pond of parent cultivate;
(way to manage is substantially same as spring master and supports, but need strengthen and feed management and water quality management, promotes that standby parent grows basic synchronization.）
1.1) pond condition
The area in the special pond of parent is 2 ~ 10 mu, the depth of water 1.2 ~ 1.5 meters;
Supporting micro-pore oxygenation facility; Water inlet density is not less than 80 mesh sieve thin,tough silk and makes mesh bag and entangle, and discharge outlet packing density is not less than 40 mesh sieve tulle bags; The juvenile prawn of every mu of parent's special pond input is not more than 50 kilograms;
1.2) feeding tube reason is thrown
In March, within every 2 ~ 3 days, throw something and feed once, throwing the amount of raising is 1.5% ~ 2.0% of shrimp body weight;
After April, it is 5 ~ 8% of shrimp body weight that day throws the amount of raising, and point morning and afternoon, secondary was thrown something and fed, and carry out in the morning 8 ~ 9 time, account for that day throws total amount 40%, and carry out in the afternoon in 16 ~ 17 time, accounts for 60% of daily ration of feeding;
To throw the feed of raising be mass ratio is the freshwater shrimp pellet of 36 ~ 38% protein;
1.3) water quality management
It is 25 ~ 35cm that water transparence controls in visual depth; In good time unlatching aerator, keeps the dissolved oxygen of pond abundance; A water conditioner regulating water quality is used every 10 ~ 15 days;
2) shrimp seedling is bred
2.1) pond condition is bred
The area of breeding pond is 3 ~ 5 mu, and the depth of water is 1.0 ~ 1.2 meters;
Supporting micro-pore oxygenation facility; Water inlet density is not less than 80 mesh sieve thin,tough silk and makes mesh bag and entangle, and discharge outlet packing density is not less than 40 mesh sieve tulle bags; The juvenile prawn of every mu of parent's special pond input is not more than 50 kilograms;
2.2) close shrimp is put in a suitable place to breed
Mid-May, when pond water temperature maintains more than 20 DEG C, sexually matured parent caught out from the special pond of parent to proceed to and in advance readyly breed pond, every mu of stocking size is shrimp with ovums 7.5kg ± 0.5kg that 4 more than ㎝ grow basic synchronization, and female-male proportion controls at 6:1 ~ 8:1;
2.3) shrimp seed rearing
When nursery pond finds zoea, just enter the shrimp seed rearing phase:
2.3.1) agreeable to the taste bait is cultivated
When discovery shrimp ovum transparent shape, in ovum tool two stains that is a pair compound eye time, now apart from zoea membrane 5 ~ 6 days, every mu is that the young provides sufficient agreeable to the taste bait with biological organic fertilizer 50 ~ 100kg;
After finding large quantities of I phase zoea in pond, every mu of every day, with the dry soya bean of 1 ~ 2kg, soaks rear defibrination 47kg ~ 52kg, point 2 ~ 3 full pool spilling heads;
Sprinkle slurry after a week, after the soya bean consumption of every mu of every day is increased to 3kg ± 0.3kg, point morning and afternoon secondary full pool spilling head; Meanwhile, enrich a biological organic fertilizer noon at fine day, mu consumption 20 ~ 25kg, full pool spilling head, and the height of water level 20cm of new water of annotating;
2.3.2) feed is adjusted in time
After shrimp seedling initial feeding, generally the freshwater shrimp young is juvenile prawn through metamorphosis in 18 ~ 22 days, when transferring trip flat along pool side surrounding cluster to, start to reduce soya-bean milk feeding volume gradually, increase and to throw something and feed powdery compound feed, with water powder kneaded and throw something and feed, until powdery compound feed of all throwing something and feeding;
Hatch shrimp seed rearing 28 ~ 31 days, start feed of throwing something and feeding, feed to be crude protein content be 38 ~ 41% No. 0, Penaeus Vannmei material or freshwater shrimp manufactured feed or quality be 28 ~ 31% juvenile Litnpenaeus vannamei material and quality account for 69 ~ 72% analysis for soybean powder mixed feed;
Feeding volume every day of feed controls at 3.8 ~ 4.1kg/ mu; Day feeding volume is 6 ~ 10% of shrimp seedling body weight, when every morning 8 ~ 9 and afternoon 5 ~ 6 time respectively throw something and feed 1 time, account for respectively and always throw 1/3 and 2/3 of the amount of raising day;
2.3.3) keep dissolved oxygen sufficient
Want timely oxygenation, keep more than Dissolved Oxygen in Water 5mg/l;
2.3.4) preventing stress
The nursery middle and later periods, water quality condition is deteriorated, and new water of annotating in time, opens aerator in good time, periodic adjustment water quality, keep a close eye on Changes in weather, carry out the precautionary measures in advance, avoids the large filling of large row, suddenly adjusts violent tune, cause water quality big ups and downs, cause freshwater shrimp stress, impact growth;
2.3.5) catch seedling in good time
In the nursery later stage, shrimp seedling ecological habit changes, and transfers the end to dwell life; Shrimp seed rearing 40 ~ 45 days, should fish in time, catches to stay greatly little, and the shrimp seedling of 1.2 ~ 1.5cm is fished for out the pool.
Step 2.3.5) in, the method for fishing for shrimp seedling catches up with net to fish for method.This method of fishing for catches up with net, block and net cage to combine cleverly, and structure is simple, with low cost, fishes for the operation of process band water, does not injure shrimp seedling, and can catch and stay greatly little, and shrimp seedling harvesting rate is high.
In described step 1), time described throwing is raised, along surrounding shoal, place evenly throws something and feeds, and pasture and water district also throws something and feeds; During parent culture, throw feed outward also collocation to throw something and feed spiral shell, freshwater mussel meat and/or fish meat emulsion.
Described step 1.3) in, water conditioner is the former dew of EM or micro-organisms bacillus preparation.
Described biological organic fertilizer is the livestock and poultry muck of fully fermentation.
Described step 2.3.1) in, shrimp species are thrown in first 4 ~ 5 days, occur in a large number too early, Avermectin or ivermectin should be selected to kill once there is large-scale cladocera.
Embodiment
The technical program is further illustrated as follows below in conjunction with specific embodiment:
One, cultivating condition
Place at the Li Jianguo pool, Gu Li town, Changshu City mouth, area 4 mu.Pond is all rectangle, east-west, dark about the 1.5m in pond, and smooth at the bottom of pond, soil property is loam, and bottom sludge is less than 10cm, has abundant water resources, and water quality is well pollution-free, and irrigation and drainage are convenient.Each one of 2.2 kilowatts of inflatable oxygen increasing pumps have been installed.
Two, front preparation is put in a suitable place to breed
Pond is leveled, removes unnecessary mud at the bottom of pond.Put the last week in a suitable place to breed, full pool spilling head after every mu of use 150kg quicklime water, kills various pathogene and harmful organisms in pond, improves bottom material of pond for breeding.Tan by the sun at the bottom of the pool until dry and cracked.
Parent puts first 2 days in a suitable place to breed, new water to 0.8 meter of annotating, and water inlet outer end 60 order silk cover filterings, in case wild fishes, harmful organisms and fertilized egg thereof enter shrimp pond.Do not plant pasture and water.
Three, parent culture
1, feeding tube reason is thrown
In February, pond water temperature is lower, and seed shrimp ingests less, without the need to throwing something and feeding; In March, within every 2 ~ 3 days, throw something and feed once, forage volume accounts for 1.5% ~ 2.0% of shrimp body weight; At the beginning of 4 months, increase throwing and raise frequency and quantity, perfect compound feed of throwing something and feeding, forage protein content is 32%, day feeding volume controls in 5 ~ 8% of shrimp body weight, and point morning and afternoon, secondary was thrown something and fed, and carry out in the morning 8 ~ 9 time, throw 40% of day throwing total amount, carry out in the afternoon in 17 ~ 19 time, accounts for 60% of daily ration of feeding.During reinforced cultivating, the fresh foods such as spiral shell, meat gruel, fish meat emulsion of throwing something and feeding of arranging in pairs or groups, require fresh, nontoxic, pollution-free.
2, water quality management
By the adjustment to pond fertilizer degree, make water transparence control at 30cm, add spraying fertilizer or new water of annotating depending on pond water quality girth of a garment situation in good time.Open aerator in time according to weather, water colour, freshwater shrimp active situation, keep the dissolved oxygen of pond abundance.The microorganism formulation regulating water qualities such as the former dew of EM, a bacillus are used every first quarter moon.
3, disease control
Take the principle of putting prevention first, quicklime and chlorine dioxide are used alternatingly, full pool spilling head, to water sterilization sterilization, control infusorian.
4, adhere to patrolling the pool
Adhere to that every day patrols the pool, observe shrimp body ingest and grow, gonad development, change of water quality, the situation such as disease generation, detailed record has been carried out to pool mouth archives.
Four, seed rearing
By the end of April, pond water temperature reaches more than 20 DEG C, and the close shrimp of part starts oogenesis.Mid-May, pond water temperature maintains more than 20 DEG C, and oogenesis is on the increase by female shrimp.Started to collect shrimp with ovums by cage on May 21 and go to nursery pond, mu is put " No. 1, Taihu Lake " F1 generation freshwater shrimp shrimp with ovums 7.5kg, a little male shrimp of arranging in pairs or groups, sex ration 3:1.When pond finds zoea, just enter the shrimp seed rearing phase.
1, feeding tube reason is thrown
Make regular check on oogenesis and the hatching situation of parent shrimp, when shrimp with ovums ovum grain color transfers taupe to by yellow green and occurs black eyespot, start fertilising, every mu of fertilizer 150kg executed through fermentation, with water quality of fostering and apply fertilizer, be the agreeable to the taste bait such as freshwater shrimp larval culture wheel animalcule, cladocera.High temperature season uses the water quality of fostering and apply fertilizer such as fulvic acid, training algae element, biological fish-fertilizer.
Checking the development of fertilized ova situation of shrimp with ovums every day, there is the freshwater shrimp young in pond, soya-bean milk of splashing, every mu every day 2kg.The young hatches 20 days, and while soya-bean milk of splashing, powdery compound feed of throwing something and feeding, protein content is 45%, to be kneaded by powder throw something and feed with water.
After one month, shrimp body specification increases further, No. 0, Penaeus Vannmei material of now throwing something and feeding, and protein content is 40%, every mu every day feeding volume 4kg, depending on shrimp seedling ingest and weather condition suitably adjusts feeding volume.
2, water quality management
Carry out nursery stage Chi Shui and regulate and control work, keep " fertile, alive, tender, refreshing " of water quality, transparency controls at about 25cm.Water body overrich is annotated new water, crosses and suitably topdresses clearly.The water quality index such as periodic detection PH, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, hydrogen sulphide, according to detection case regulation and control water quality.Every first quarter moon uses a microorganism formulation to improve water quality.
Along with increasing of shrimp seedling quantity, paying special attention to the dissolved oxygen situation of water body, opened aerator before midnight to sunrise in nursery, starts shooting in advance and extends the available machine time in cloudy and sultry sky, to guarantee that pond water-soluble oxygen is at more than 5mg/L, prevents shrimp seedling from raising the nose above water to breathe general pond.
3, adhere to patrolling the pool
Increase between nursery stage and patrol pool number of times, adhere to early, middle and late patrolling pool work, note observing shrimp seedling movable, ingest, the situation such as water quality, dissolved oxygen.The harmful organisms such as removing pest, especially tadpole.
Five, the fishing for of shrimp seedling
When shrimp seedling average size reaches more than 1.5cm, namely fish for and turn pond.The date of drawing in the net avoids shrimp seedling shelling peak period, and selection of time is when temperature is low in the morning.Result shows, and shrimp seedling output is 97.5 ten thousand tails/mu.
Table 1 " No. 1, Taihu Lake " freshwater shrimp seed breeding situation
Claims (4)
1. the efficient offspring breeding method of two-part freshwater shrimp, is characterized in that step comprises:
1) parent culture
Select the juvenile prawn that specification is basically identical, at the beginning of March, put into the special pond of parent cultivate;
1.1) pond condition
The area in the special pond of parent is 2 ~ 10 mu, the depth of water 1.2 ~ 1.5 meters; Smooth at the bottom of pond, soil property is loam, and bottom sludge is less than 10cm;
Supporting micro-pore oxygenation facility; Water inlet density is not less than 80 mesh sieve thin,tough silk and makes mesh bag and entangle, and discharge outlet packing density is not less than 40 mesh sieve tulle bags; The juvenile prawn of every mu of parent's special pond input is not more than 50 kilograms;
Put the last week in a suitable place to breed, full pool spilling head after every mu of use 150kg quicklime water;
1.2) feeding tube reason is thrown
In March, within every 2 ~ 3 days, throw something and feed once, throwing the amount of raising is 1.5% ~ 2.0% of shrimp body weight;
After April, it is 5 ~ 8% of shrimp body weight that day throws the amount of raising, and point morning and afternoon, secondary was thrown something and fed, and carry out in the morning 8 ~ 9 time, account for that day throws total amount 40%, and carry out in the afternoon in 16 ~ 17 time, accounts for 60% of daily ration of feeding;
To throw the feed of raising be mass ratio is the freshwater shrimp pellet of 32% protein;
1.3) water quality management
It is 25 ~ 35cm that water transparence controls in visual depth; In good time unlatching aerator, keeps the dissolved oxygen of pond abundance; A water conditioner regulating water quality is used every 10 ~ 15 days;
2) shrimp seedling is bred
2.1) pond condition is bred
The area of breeding pond is 3 ~ 5 mu, and the depth of water is 1.0 ~ 1.2 meters;
Supporting micro-pore oxygenation facility; Water inlet density is not less than 80 mesh sieve thin,tough silk and makes mesh bag and entangle, and discharge outlet packing density is not less than 40 mesh sieve tulle bags; The juvenile prawn of every mu of parent's special pond input is not more than 50 kilograms;
2.2) close shrimp is put in a suitable place to breed
Mid-May, when pond water temperature maintains more than 20 DEG C, sexually matured parent caught out from the special pond of parent to proceed to and in advance readyly breed pond, every mu of stocking size is shrimp with ovums 7.5kg ± 0.5kg that 4 more than ㎝ grow basic synchronization, and female-male proportion controls at 6:1 ~ 8:1;
2.3) shrimp seed rearing
When nursery pond finds zoea, just enter the shrimp seed rearing phase:
2.3.1) agreeable to the taste bait is cultivated
When discovery shrimp ovum transparent shape, in ovum tool two stains that is a pair compound eye time, now apart from zoea membrane 5 ~ 6 days, every mu is that the young provides sufficient agreeable to the taste bait with biological organic fertilizer 50 ~ 100kg;
After finding large quantities of I phase zoea in pond, every mu of every day, with the dry soya bean of 1 ~ 2kg, soaks rear defibrination 47kg ~ 52kg, point 2 ~ 3 full pool spilling heads;
Sprinkle slurry after a week, after the soya bean consumption of every mu of every day is increased to 3kg ± 0.3kg, point morning and afternoon secondary full pool spilling head; Meanwhile, enrich a biological organic fertilizer noon at fine day, mu consumption 20 ~ 25kg, full pool spilling head, and the height of water level 20cm of new water of annotating;
Shrimp species are thrown in first 4 ~ 5 days, occur in a large number too early, Avermectin or ivermectin should be selected to kill once there is large-scale cladocera;
2.3.2) feed is adjusted in time
After shrimp seedling initial feeding, generally the freshwater shrimp young is juvenile prawn through metamorphosis in 18 ~ 22 days, when transferring trip flat along pool side surrounding cluster to, start to reduce soya-bean milk feeding volume gradually, increase and to throw something and feed powdery compound feed, with water powder kneaded and throw something and feed, until powdery compound feed of all throwing something and feeding;
Hatch shrimp seed rearing 28 ~ 31 days, start feed of throwing something and feeding, feed to be crude protein content be 38 ~ 41% No. 0, Penaeus Vannmei material or freshwater shrimp manufactured feed or quality be 28 ~ 31% juvenile Litnpenaeus vannamei material and quality account for 69 ~ 72% analysis for soybean powder mixed feed;
Feeding volume every day of feed controls at 3.8 ~ 4.1kg/ mu; Day feeding volume is 6 ~ 10% of shrimp seedling body weight, when every morning 8 ~ 9 and afternoon 5 ~ 6 time respectively throw something and feed 1 time, account for respectively and always throw 1/3 and 2/3 of the amount of raising day;
2.3.3) keep dissolved oxygen sufficient
Want timely oxygenation, keep more than Dissolved Oxygen in Water 5mg/l;
2.3.4) preventing stress
The nursery middle and later periods, water quality condition is deteriorated, and new water of annotating in time, opens aerator in good time, periodic adjustment water quality, keep a close eye on Changes in weather, carry out the precautionary measures in advance, avoids the large filling of large row, suddenly adjusts violent tune, cause water quality big ups and downs, cause freshwater shrimp stress, impact growth;
2.3.5) catch seedling in good time
In the nursery later stage, shrimp seedling ecological habit changes, and transfers the end to dwell life; Shrimp seed rearing 40 ~ 45 days, should fish in time, catches to stay greatly little, and the shrimp seedling of 1.2 ~ 1.5cm is fished for out the pool;
Described biological organic fertilizer is the livestock and poultry muck of fully fermentation.
2. the efficient offspring breeding method of two-part freshwater shrimp according to claim 1, is characterized in that step 2.3.5) in, the method for fishing for shrimp seedling fishes for method for catching up with net.
3. the efficient offspring breeding method of two-part freshwater shrimp according to claim 1, is characterized in that described step 1) in, time described throwing is raised, along surrounding shoal, place evenly throws something and feeds, and pasture and water district also throws something and feeds; During parent culture, throw feed outward also collocation to throw something and feed spiral shell, freshwater mussel meat and/or fish meat emulsion.
4. the efficient offspring breeding method of two-part freshwater shrimp according to claim 1, is characterized in that described step 1.3) in, water conditioner is the former dew of EM or micro-organisms bacillus preparation.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN107484688A (en) * | 2017-09-20 | 2017-12-19 | 苏州市相城区阳澄湖镇剑成水产生态养殖专业合作社 | The set of Taihu Lake freshwater shrimp and white shrimp supports method |
| CN110999834A (en) * | 2019-11-01 | 2020-04-14 | 张卫业 | Natural bait cultivation method for freshwater shrimp seedlings |
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