CN103444600A - Two-stage efficient rearing method for freshwater shrimp fry - Google Patents
Two-stage efficient rearing method for freshwater shrimp fry Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A two-stage efficient rearing method for freshwater shrimp fry includes the steps of 1, rearing parents, selecting young shrimps basically uniform in specification, and rearing the young shrimps in a special parent pond in early March; 2, breeding shrimp fry. Technical schemes are made for breeding pond conditions, parent shrimp stocking, fry rearing and the like; accordingly, the large-scale synchronous breeding is achieved, and unit rearing yield and fry quality can be increased greatly.
Description
Technical field
The technical program belongs to technical field of aquaculture, specifically a kind of freshwater shrimp seedling-cultivating method.
Background technology
In prior art, freshwater shrimp seedling raising process Prawn shoot survival percent is unstable, and the factor that affects the shrimp shoot survival percent is varied, and some unfavorable factor stack also causes the aggravation of shrimp shoot survival percent decline degree.Common female male parent shrimp, with pool seedling raising manners, is actually parent culture pond and nursery pond " pond is dual-purpose ", and because pond is used for a long time, the pond water quality environment is severe, affect shrimp seedling output, and shrimp seedling specification is irregular.Yet there are no research, just improve the comprehensive effective method of freshwater shrimp shrimp shoot survival percent.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, improve the freshwater shrimp level of growing seedlings, according to the freshwater shrimp biological property, to the environment during seed rearing, nutrition, the requirement such as perch and carry out deep research, cracked the critical limitation factor that the restriction freshwater shrimp level of growing seedlings promotes, formed " two-part " freshwater shrimp seed propagation in scale mode (parent cultivates in special pond and two stages are bred in the special pond of shrimp seedling), and set up " 135 " seedling growing process management mode aspect breeding in the special pond of shrimp seedling, realized that the large-scale synchronization breeds, significantly improve unit grow seedlings output and shrimp seedling quality.
Technical scheme of the present invention is the efficient offspring breeding method of a kind of two-part freshwater shrimp, and step comprises:
1) parent culture
Select the basically identical juvenile prawn of specification, put into the special pond of parent and cultivated at the beginning of March;
(way to manage substantially is same as the spring master and supports, but needs strengthening to feed management and water quality management, promotes the standby parent to grow basic synchronization.）
1.1) pond condition
The area in the special pond of parent is 2～10 mu, 1.2～1.5 meters of the depth of waters;
Supporting micro-pore oxygenation facility; Water inlet is not less than 80 mesh sieve thin,tough silk by density and makes mesh bag and entangle, and the discharge outlet packing density is not less than 40 mesh sieve tulle bags; The juvenile prawn of every mu of parent's special pond input is not more than 50 kilograms;
1.2) throwing feeding tube reason
March, within every 2～3 days, throw something and feed once, throwing the amount of raising is 1.5%～2.0% of shrimp body weight;
After April, day throwing the amount of raising is 5～8% of shrimp body weight, and minute morning and afternoon, secondary was thrown something and fed, and carried out the morning at 8～9 o'clock, accounts for day to throw 40% of total amount, and carried out afternoon at 16～17 o'clock, accounts for 60% of daily ration of feeding;
The feed that throwing is raised is the freshwater shrimp pellet that mass ratio is 36～38% protein;
1.3) water quality management
It is 25～35cm that water transparence is controlled at the visual degree of depth; Open aerator in good time, keep the dissolved oxygen of pond abundance; Used a water conditioner regulating water quality every 10～15 days;
2) the shrimp seedling is bred
2.1) breed the pond condition
The area of breeding pond is 3～5 mu, and the depth of water is 1.0～1.2 meters;
Supporting micro-pore oxygenation facility; Water inlet is not less than 80 mesh sieve thin,tough silk by density and makes mesh bag and entangle, and the discharge outlet packing density is not less than 40 mesh sieve tulle bags; The juvenile prawn of every mu of parent's special pond input is not more than 50 kilograms;
2.2) close shrimp puts in a suitable place to breed
Mid-May, when the pond water temperature maintains more than 20 ℃, sexually matured parent is caught out from the special pond of parent to proceed to shift to an earlier date the ready pond of breeding, every mu of stocking size is the above shrimp with ovums 7.5kg ± 0.5kg that grow basic synchronization of 4 ㎝, and female-male proportion is controlled at 6:1～8:1;
2.3) shrimp seed rearing
When nursery pond is found zoea, just enter the shrimp seed rearing phase:
2.3.1) cultivate agreeable to the taste bait
When finding that the shrimp ovum is transparence, when in ovum, two stains of tool are a pair of compound eye, now, apart from zoea membrane 5～6 days, every mu provides sufficient agreeable to the taste bait with biological organic fertilizer 50～100kg for the young;
Find large quantities of I phase zoeas in pond after, with the dry soya bean of 1～2kg, soak rear defibrination 47kg～52kg, minute 2～3 full pool spilling heads every mu of every day;
Sprinkle slurry after one week, after the soya bean consumption of every mu of every day is increased to 3kg ± 0.3kg, minute morning and afternoon the secondary full pool spilling head; Simultaneously, at fine day, enrich one time biological organic fertilizer noon, mu consumption 20～25kg, full pool spilling head, and the height of water level 20cm of the new water of annotating;
2.3.2) adjust in time feed
After shrimp seedling initial feeding, generally the freshwater shrimp young is juvenile prawn through metamorphosis in 18～22 days, while transferring to along the flat trip of pool side surrounding cluster, start to reduce gradually the soya-bean milk feeding volume, increase the powdery compound feed of throwing something and feeding, water kneads powder to throw something and feed, until the powdery compound feed of all throwing something and feeding;
Hatch shrimp seed rearing 28～31 days, start the feed of throwing something and feeding, feed is that Penaeus Vannmei juvenile prawn material and the quality that crude protein content No. 0 material of Penaeus Vannmei that is 38～41% or freshwater shrimp manufactured feed or quality are 28～31% accounts for 69～72% analysis for soybean powder mixed feed;
Feeding volume every day of feed is controlled at 3.8～4.1kg/ mu; Day feeding volume is 6～10% of shrimp seedling body weight, and respectively throwing something and feeding 1 time in every morning 8～9 o'clock and afternoon 5～6 o'clock, accounts for respectively day total 1/3 and 2/3 of amount of raising of throwing;
2.3.3) maintenance dissolved oxygen abundance
Want timely oxygenation, more than keeping Dissolved Oxygen in Water 5mg/l;
2.3.4) preventing stress
Grow seedlings the middle and later periods, the water quality condition variation, the new water of annotating is in time opened aerator in good time, periodic adjustment water quality, keep a close eye on Changes in weather, carries out in advance the precautionary measures, avoids large row to fill with greatly, suddenly adjust violent tune, cause the water quality big ups and downs, cause freshwater shrimp stress, impact growth;
2.3.5) catch seedling in good time
Grow seedlings the later stage, shrimp seedling ecological habit changes, and transfers the end life of dwelling to; Shrimp seed rearing 40～45 days, should fish in time, catches to stay greatly littlely, and the shrimp seedling of 1.2～1.5cm is fished for out to the pool.
Step 2.3.5), in, fish for the method for shrimp seedling and catch up with net to fish for method.This method of fishing for catches up with net, block and net cage to combine cleverly, simple in structure, with low cost, fishes for process band water operation, does not injure the shrimp seedling, and can catch and stay greatly littlely, and shrimp seedling harvesting rate is high.
In described step 1), when described throwing is raised, along the surrounding shoal, place evenly throws something and feeds, and the pasture and water district is is also thrown something and fed; During parent culture, throw feed throw something and feed spiral shell, freshwater mussel meat and/or fish meat emulsion of collocation also outward.
Described step 1.3), in, water conditioner is the former dew of EM or micro-organisms bacillus preparation.
Described biological organic fertilizer is the livestock and poultry muck fully fermented.
Described step 2.3.1) in, shrimp species are thrown in first 4～5 days, once a large amount of appearance too early of large-scale cladocera occur, should select Avermectin or ivermectin to be killed.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the technical program is further illustrated as follows:
One, cultivating condition
Place is at the Li Jianguo pool, Gu Li town, Changshu City mouth, 4 mu of areas.Pond all is rectangle, east-west, dark 1.5m left and right, pond, and smooth at the bottom of pond, soil property is loam, and bottom sludge is less than 10cm, has abundant water resources, and water quality is well pollution-free, the irrigation and drainage facility.Each of 2.2 kilowatts of inflatable oxygen increasing pump have been installed.
Two, put front preparation in a suitable place to breed
Pond is leveled to unnecessary mud at the bottom of the removing pond.Put the last week in a suitable place to breed, full pool spilling head after every mu of use 150kg quicklime water, kill various pathogene and harmful organisms in pond, improves bottom material of pond for breeding.At the bottom of tanning by the sun the pool until dry and cracked.
The parent puts in a suitable place to breed first 2 days, the new water to 0.8 meter of annotating, and filter with 60 mesh sieve thin,tough silk the water inlet outer end, in case wild fishes, harmful organisms and fertilized egg thereof enter the shrimp pond.Do not plant pasture and water.
Three, parent culture
1, throw the feeding tube reason
In February, the pond water temperature is lower, and seed shrimp ingests less, without throwing something and feeding; March, within every 2～3 days, to throw something and feed once, forage volume accounts for 1.5%～2.0% of shrimp body weight; At the beginning of 4 months, increase to throw and raise frequency and quantity, the perfect compound feed of throwing something and feeding, forage protein content is 32%, day feeding volume is controlled at 5～8% of shrimp body weight, and minute morning and afternoon, secondary was thrown something and fed, and carried out the morning at 8～9 o'clock, throw 40% of day throwing total amount, carried out afternoon at 17～19 o'clock, accounts for 60% of daily ration of feeding.During reinforced cultivating, the fresh foods such as spiral shell, meat gruel, fish meat emulsion of throwing something and feeding of arranging in pairs or groups, require fresh, nontoxic, pollution-free.
2, water quality management
By the adjusting to pond fertilizer degree, make water transparence be controlled at 30cm, add spraying fertilizer or the new water of annotating depending on pond water quality girth of a garment situation in good time.Open in time aerator according to weather, water colour, freshwater shrimp active situation, keep the dissolved oxygen of pond abundance.Every microorganism formulation regulating water qualities such as former dew of EM of first quarter moon use, bacillus.
3, disease control
Employing prevention is main principle, and quicklime and chlorine dioxide are used alternatingly, and full pool spilling head, to water sterilization sterilization, control infusorian.
4, adhere to patrolling the pool
Adhere to patrolling every day the pool, observe that the shrimp body is ingested and the situations such as growth, gonad development, change of water quality, disease generation, pool mouth archives have been carried out to detailed record.
Four, seed rearing
By the end of April, the pond water temperature reaches more than 20 ℃, and the close shrimp of part starts oogenesis.Mid-May, the pond water temperature maintains more than 20 ℃, and oogenesis is on the increase by female shrimp.Started to collect shrimp with ovums by cage on May 21 and go to nursery pond, mu is put " No. 1, Taihu Lake " F1 for freshwater shrimp shrimp with ovums 7.5kg, a little male shrimp of arranging in pairs or groups, and male and female compare 3:1.When zoea is found in pond, just enter the shrimp seed rearing phase.
1, throw the feeding tube reason
Make regular check on oogenesis and the hatching situation of parent shrimp, when shrimp with ovums ovum grain color is transferred to taupe and the black eyespot occurred by yellow green, start fertilising, every mu of fertilizer 150kg executed through fermentation, with the water quality of fostering and apply fertilizer, be the agreeable to the taste bait such as freshwater shrimp larval culture wheel animalcule, cladocera.High temperature season is used the water quality of fostering and apply fertilizer such as fulvic acid, training algae element, biological fish-fertilizer.
Check the development of fertilized ova situation of shrimp with ovums every day, the freshwater shrimp young appears in pond, the soya-bean milk of splashing, every mu every day 2kg.The young hatches 20 days, in the soya-bean milk of splashing, and the powdery compound feed of throwing something and feeding, protein content is 45%, water kneads powder to throw something and feed.
After one month, shrimp body specification further increases, No. 0, the Penaeus Vannmei material of now throwing something and feeding, protein content is 40%, every mu every day feeding volume 4kg, depending on the shrimp seedling ingest and weather condition is suitably adjusted feeding volume.
2, water quality management
Carry out nursery stage Chi Shui regulation and control work, " fertile, alive, tender, refreshing " that keeps water quality, transparency is controlled at the 25cm left and right.The water body overrich new water of annotating, cross and clearly suitably topdress.Regularly detect the water quality index such as pH, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, hydrogen sulphide, according to detection case regulation and control water quality.Every first quarter moon is used a microorganism formulation to improve water quality.
Along with increasing of shrimp seedling quantity, pay special attention to the dissolved oxygen situation of water body in growing seedlings, open aerator midnight to sunrise, cloudyly and sultry day starts shooting in advance and extend the available machine time, to guarantee that the pond water-soluble oxygen is more than 5mg/L, prevents that the shrimp seedling from raising the nose above water to breathe general pond.
3, adhere to patrolling the pool
Increase between nursery stage and patrol pool number of times, adhere to the early, middle and late pool work of patrolling, note observing the shrimp seedling movable, ingest, the situations such as water quality, dissolved oxygen.Remove the harmful organisms such as pest, especially tadpole.
Five, the shrimp seedling fishes for
When the average specification of shrimp seedling reaches 1.5cm when above, fish for and turn pond.The date of drawing in the net is avoided shrimp seedling shelling peak period, and selection of time is when temperature is low in the morning.The result demonstration, shrimp seedling output is 97.5 ten thousand tails/mu.
Table 1 " No. 1, Taihu Lake " freshwater shrimp seed breeding situation
Claims (6)
1. the efficient offspring breeding method of two-part freshwater shrimp is characterized in that step comprises:
1) parent culture
Select the basically identical juvenile prawn of specification, put into the special pond of parent and cultivated at the beginning of March;
1.1) pond condition
The area in the special pond of parent is 2～10 mu, 1.2～1.5 meters of the depth of waters;
Supporting micro-pore oxygenation facility; Water inlet is not less than 80 mesh sieve thin,tough silk by density and makes mesh bag and entangle, and the discharge outlet packing density is not less than 40 mesh sieve tulle bags; The juvenile prawn of every mu of parent's special pond input is not more than 50 kilograms;
1.2) throwing feeding tube reason
March, within every 2～3 days, throw something and feed once, throwing the amount of raising is 1.5%～2.0% of shrimp body weight;
After April, day throwing the amount of raising is 5～8% of shrimp body weight, and minute morning and afternoon, secondary was thrown something and fed, and carried out the morning at 8～9 o'clock, accounts for day to throw 40% of total amount, and carried out afternoon at 16～17 o'clock, accounts for 60% of daily ration of feeding;
The feed that throwing is raised is the freshwater shrimp pellet that mass ratio is 36～38% protein;
1.3) water quality management
It is 25～35cm that water transparence is controlled at the visual degree of depth; Open aerator in good time, keep the dissolved oxygen of pond abundance; Used a water conditioner regulating water quality every 10～15 days;
2) the shrimp seedling is bred
2.1) breed the pond condition
The area of breeding pond is 3～5 mu, and the depth of water is 1.0～1.2 meters;
Supporting micro-pore oxygenation facility; Water inlet is not less than 80 mesh sieve thin,tough silk by density and makes mesh bag and entangle, and the discharge outlet packing density is not less than 40 mesh sieve tulle bags; The juvenile prawn of every mu of parent's special pond input is not more than 50 kilograms;
2.2) close shrimp puts in a suitable place to breed
Mid-May, when the pond water temperature maintains more than 20 ℃, sexually matured parent is caught out from the special pond of parent to proceed to shift to an earlier date the ready pond of breeding, every mu of stocking size is the above shrimp with ovums 7.5kg ± 0.5kg that grow basic synchronization of 4 ㎝, and female-male proportion is controlled at 6:1～8:1;
2.3) shrimp seed rearing
When nursery pond is found zoea, just enter the shrimp seed rearing phase:
2.3.1) cultivate agreeable to the taste bait
When finding that the shrimp ovum is transparence, when in ovum, two stains of tool are a pair of compound eye, now, apart from zoea membrane 5～6 days, every mu provides sufficient agreeable to the taste bait with biological organic fertilizer 50～100kg for the young;
Find large quantities of I phase zoeas in pond after, with the dry soya bean of 1～2kg, soak rear defibrination 47kg～52kg, minute 2～3 full pool spilling heads every mu of every day;
Sprinkle slurry after one week, after the soya bean consumption of every mu of every day is increased to 3kg ± 0.3kg, minute morning and afternoon the secondary full pool spilling head; Simultaneously, at fine day, enrich one time biological organic fertilizer noon, mu consumption 20～25kg, full pool spilling head, and the height of water level 20cm of the new water of annotating;
2.3.2) adjust in time feed
After shrimp seedling initial feeding, generally the freshwater shrimp young is juvenile prawn through metamorphosis in 18～22 days, while transferring to along the flat trip of pool side surrounding cluster, start to reduce gradually the soya-bean milk feeding volume, increase the powdery compound feed of throwing something and feeding, water kneads powder to throw something and feed, until the powdery compound feed of all throwing something and feeding;
Hatch shrimp seed rearing 28～31 days, start the feed of throwing something and feeding, feed is that Penaeus Vannmei juvenile prawn material and the quality that crude protein content No. 0 material of Penaeus Vannmei that is 38～41% or freshwater shrimp manufactured feed or quality are 28～31% accounts for 69～72% analysis for soybean powder mixed feed;
Feeding volume every day of feed is controlled at 3.8～4.1kg/ mu; Day feeding volume is 6～10% of shrimp seedling body weight, and respectively throwing something and feeding 1 time in every morning 8～9 o'clock and afternoon 5～6 o'clock, accounts for respectively day total 1/3 and 2/3 of amount of raising of throwing;
2.3.3) maintenance dissolved oxygen abundance
Want timely oxygenation, more than keeping Dissolved Oxygen in Water 5mg/l;
2.3.4) preventing stress
Grow seedlings the middle and later periods, the water quality condition variation, the new water of annotating is in time opened aerator in good time, periodic adjustment water quality, keep a close eye on Changes in weather, carries out in advance the precautionary measures, avoids large row to fill with greatly, suddenly adjust violent tune, cause the water quality big ups and downs, cause freshwater shrimp stress, impact growth;
2.3.5) catch seedling in good time
Grow seedlings the later stage, shrimp seedling ecological habit changes, and transfers the end life of dwelling to; Shrimp seed rearing 40～45 days, should fish in time, catches to stay greatly littlely, and the shrimp seedling of 1.2～1.5cm is fished for out to the pool.
2. the efficient offspring breeding method of two-part freshwater shrimp according to claim 1, is characterized in that step 2.3.5) in, fish for the method for shrimp seedling and catch up with net to fish for method.This method of fishing for catches up with net, block and net cage to combine cleverly, simple in structure, with low cost, fishes for process band water operation, does not injure the shrimp seedling, and can catch and stay greatly littlely, and shrimp seedling harvesting rate is high.
3. the efficient offspring breeding method of two-part freshwater shrimp according to claim 1, is characterized in that in described step 1), and when described throwing is raised, along the surrounding shoal, place evenly throws something and feeds, and the pasture and water district is is also thrown something and fed; During parent culture, throw feed throw something and feed spiral shell, freshwater mussel meat and/or fish meat emulsion of collocation also outward.
4. the efficient offspring breeding method of two-part freshwater shrimp according to claim 1, is characterized in that described step 1.3) in, water conditioner is the former dew of EM or micro-organisms bacillus preparation.
5. the efficient offspring breeding method of two-part freshwater shrimp according to claim 1, is characterized in that described biological organic fertilizer is the livestock and poultry muck fully fermented.
6. the efficient offspring breeding method of two-part freshwater shrimp according to claim 1, is characterized in that described step 2.3.1) in, shrimp species are thrown in first 4～5 days, once a large amount of appearance too early of large-scale cladocera occur, should select Avermectin or ivermectin to be killed.
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| CN105340799A (en) * | 2015-11-06 | 2016-02-24 | 江苏省农业科学院宿迁农科所 | Artificial cultivation method of red-stripe lysmata vittata larvae |
| CN105340799B (en) * | 2015-11-06 | 2017-09-15 | 江苏省农业科学院宿迁农科所 | A kind of red bar whip wrist shrimp young artificial culturing method |
| CN105393957A (en) * | 2015-11-16 | 2016-03-16 | 袁生咬 | Aquaculture method for freshwater shrimp incubation seedling |
| CN106212338A (en) * | 2016-08-08 | 2016-12-14 | 广西吉品环保科技有限公司 | A kind of environment-protecting cultivation method of astacus |
| CN106417122A (en) * | 2016-09-09 | 2017-02-22 | 苏州大学 | Cultivating method for increasing high-quality freshwater shrimp seed output |
| CN106550916A (en) * | 2016-11-16 | 2017-04-05 | 防城港市鑫润养殖有限公司 | Penaeus seu panulirus are seedling industrialized to breed aquaculture model |
| CN107484688A (en) * | 2017-09-20 | 2017-12-19 | 苏州市相城区阳澄湖镇剑成水产生态养殖专业合作社 | The set of Taihu Lake freshwater shrimp and white shrimp supports method |
| CN110999834A (en) * | 2019-11-01 | 2020-04-14 | 张卫业 | Natural bait cultivation method for freshwater shrimp seedlings |
| CN111109171A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2020-05-08 | 江苏省农业科学院宿迁农科所 | Ecological breeding method for improving yield of freshwater shrimps |
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