CN109197711B - Method for artificially breeding procambarus clarkii in soil pond - Google Patents
Method for artificially breeding procambarus clarkii in soil pond Download PDFInfo
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- CN109197711B CN109197711B CN201810744888.8A CN201810744888A CN109197711B CN 109197711 B CN109197711 B CN 109197711B CN 201810744888 A CN201810744888 A CN 201810744888A CN 109197711 B CN109197711 B CN 109197711B
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- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 241000238030 Procambarus clarkii Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000037406 food intake Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002354 daily effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001247197 Cephalocarida Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000239250 Copepoda Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000133262 Nauplius Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000219000 Populus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000700141 Rotifera Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004512 granular bait Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005276 aerator Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 210000002149 gonad Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 2
- 208000028774 intestinal disease Diseases 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001418 larval effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 abstract description 2
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000238017 Astacoidea Species 0.000 description 10
- 230000000366 juvenile effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001113556 Elodea Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010021143 Hypoxia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000000249 desinfective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007954 hypoxia Effects 0.000 description 1
- 241000238565 lobster Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035800 maturation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 208000026438 poor feeding Diseases 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for artificially breeding procambarus clarkii in a soil pond, which comprises the steps of setting the soil pond as a breeding pond of the procambarus clarkii, simulating the natural breeding conditions of the procambarus clarkii by controlling the male-female ratio of parent shrimps, the feed protein ratio of the parent shrimps and the water temperature in the breeding period, promoting the gonad of the female shrimps to mature, thereby shortening the breeding period and promoting the female shrimps to lay eggs more; after the female shrimps lay eggs, a mode of immediately separately feeding the shrimp seedlings and the female shrimps is adopted, the larval bodies of parent shrimps are prevented from being killed, baits are fed according to the activities, ingestion, development conditions and the like of the shrimp seedlings, the feeding is carried out according to needs, and intestinal diseases cannot occur when the shrimp seedlings grow; the technical method of the invention adopts the soil pond to carry out the fry breeding of the procambarus clarkii, the bred fry has good quality, high breeding survival rate and greatly improved yield and benefit, and meanwhile, the fry specification is neat, the fry breeding cost is low and the method is easy to popularize because the fry is hatched in a common foam box or a plastic square barrel in the implementation process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lobster breeding, in particular to a method for artificially breeding procambarus clarkia in a soil pond.
Background
The procambarus clarkia is also called as red swamp crayfish, crayfish or procambarus clarkia, has the characteristics of high growth speed, poor feeding property, strong adaptability, low hypoxia/disease resistance, easy cultivation and transportation and the like, and has tender meat and delicious taste, thereby being deeply loved by wide consumers. The traditional crayfish breeding method has the defects of low survival rate of crayfish seedlings, low yield and poor benefit, and greatly influences the breeding enthusiasm of farmers.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to make up the defects of the prior art and provides a method for artificially breeding procambarus clarkia in a soil pond.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for artificially breeding procambarus clarkia in a soil pond comprises the following specific steps:
(1) establishing a soil pond with the area of about 15-20 square meters as a seedling raising pond, controlling the water depth of the soil pond to be more than 1.3 meters, arranging a water inlet and outlet, arranging 4 bait tables and arranging 2 automatic aerators, arranging hidden objects such as water plants, PVC pipes, meshes and the like at the bottom of the pond, wherein the hidden objects occupy about 40-45 percent of the area of the pond, carrying out solarization disinfection treatment before the parent shrimps enter the pond, and filtering and injecting water with the depth of about 1 meter by using a 100-mesh screen after disinfection for 7-8 days;
(2) selecting individuals with good properties such as more than 15 cm in body length, more than 80 g/tail in weight, health, no diseases, complete and smooth appendages, bright color, strong activity and the like as parent shrimps, controlling the male and female proportion, putting the parent shrimps into an overwintering pond in advance after 10 months to cultivate, controlling the temperature to be 18-20 ℃, and the cultivation density to be 3-5 tails/square meter, mainly feeding the shrimps in the evening by more than 70% of daily feeding amount, mainly feeding the shrimps by 5-6% of daily feeding amount, mainly feeding the baits by eel feeds with more than 40% of protein content, fresh small trash fishes and the like, and controlling dissolved oxygen in water and the pH value to meet the requirements of the parent shrimps;
(3) starting parent shrimps in a breeding period 4 months in the next year, controlling the water temperature to meet the requirements of the breeding period, soaking the egg-carrying shrimps in 15-20 mg/L potassium permanganate for 30-40 minutes before the egg-carrying shrimps are placed in an incubation pool, performing egg incubation in separate pools according to the color depth of the egg-carrying shrimp eggs, placing the egg-carrying shrimps in common foam boxes or plastic square barrels for incubation, placing 3-4 female shrimps in each foam box, performing 24-hour inflation incubation, and after egg incubation, timely fishing out the parent shrimps to avoid killing the larvae;
(4) after the parent shrimps are fished away, the juvenile shrimps are collected and placed in a 60-mesh silk net cage with a certain specification, concealed objects such as PVC short pipes and poplar roots or plastic wires are tied into bundles and the like at the bottom of the net cage to avoid mutual killing, the bait mainly comprises natural zooplankton and artificial bait, the adjustment is carried out in time according to the specific conditions of the juvenile shrimps, and when the total length of the juvenile shrimps reaches more than 2 cm, the juvenile shrimps are fished into a soil pond to be cultivated or sold.
A method for artificially breeding and breeding procambarus clarkia in a soil pond comprises the step (1) of solarization and disinfection treatment of parent shrimps before entering the pond, specifically, solarization is carried out 20-30 days before the parent shrimps enter the pond, and quicklime and the like are used for dry pond cleaning and disinfection, wherein the dosage of the quicklime is 150 kg per mu.
A method for artificially breeding procambarus clarkia in a soil pond is characterized in that the proper male-female ratio in the step (2) is controlled, namely the male-female ratio is controlled to be (3-4) to 1.
A method for artificially breeding procambarus clarkia in a soil pond is characterized in that dissolved oxygen and pH value in water are controlled to meet the requirements of parent shrimps in step (2), and specifically, the dissolved oxygen in the water is controlled to be kept above 5 mg/L, and the pH value is controlled to be 6.5-8.3.
A method for artificially breeding procambarus clarkia in a soil pond is characterized in that the water temperature is controlled to meet the requirement of a breeding period in the step (3), namely the water temperature is controlled to be 22-30 ℃.
A method for artificially breeding procambarus clarkii in a soil pond is characterized in that a 60-mesh bolting silk net cage with a certain specification in the step (4) is a net cage with the size of 2 meters multiplied by 1 meter multiplied by 0.6 meter.
A method for artificially breeding procambarus clarkia in a soil pond is characterized in that timely adjustment is carried out according to the specific conditions of the procambarus clarkia in step (4), and the specific operation is as follows: the natural zooplankton mainly comprises nauplius larva of rotifer, small cladocera and copepods, and can be fed for 1 time respectively in the afternoon and in the morning; the artificial bait mainly comprises soybean milk, clam pulp, granular bait and the like, and is fed for 2-4 times every day, and the feeding amount is determined according to the activities, ingestion, development conditions and the like of the young shrimps.
The invention has the advantages that: according to the invention, the soil pond is used as a breeding pond of the crayfish, the artificial propagation of the parent crayfish is carried out under the condition of ensuring sufficient oxygen and sufficient shielding materials, the conditions of natural propagation of the crayfish are simulated by controlling the male-female proportion of the parent crayfish, the feed protein ratio of the parent crayfish and the water temperature in the propagation period, the gonad maturation of the female crayfish is promoted, the arrival of the propagation period is shortened, and the more spawning of the female crayfish is promoted; after the female shrimps lay eggs, a mode of immediately separately feeding the shrimp seedlings and the female shrimps is adopted, the larval bodies of parent shrimps are prevented from being killed, baits are fed according to the activities, ingestion, development conditions and the like of the shrimp seedlings, the feeding is carried out according to needs, and intestinal diseases cannot occur when the shrimp seedlings grow; the technical method of the invention adopts the soil pond to carry out the fry breeding of the procambarus clarkii, the bred fry has good quality, high breeding survival rate and greatly improved yield and benefit, and meanwhile, the fry specification is neat, the fry breeding cost is low and the method is easy to popularize because the fry is hatched in a common foam box or a plastic square barrel in the implementation process.
Detailed Description
A method for artificially breeding procambarus clarkia in a soil pond comprises the following specific steps:
(1) establishing a soil pond with the area of about 15 square meters as a seedling raising pond, controlling the water depth of the soil pond to be more than 1.3 meters, arranging a water inlet and outlet, arranging 4 bait tables and 2 oxygen increasing machines, arranging hidden objects such as waterweeds, PVC pipes, meshes and the like at the bottom of the pond, occupying about 40 percent of the area of the pond, solarizing the parent shrimps 20 days before entering the pond, carrying out dry method pond cleaning disinfection by using quicklime and the like, wherein the usage amount of the quicklime is 150 kilograms per mu, and filtering and injecting water with the depth of about 1 meter by using a 100-mesh screen after disinfecting for 7 days;
(2) selecting individuals with the characteristics of more than 15 cm in body length, more than 80 g/tail in weight, health, no diseases, complete and smooth appendages, bright color, strong activity and the like as parent shrimps, controlling the ratio of male and female shrimps to be 3:1, putting the parent shrimps into an overwintering pond in advance after 10 months, controlling the temperature to be 18 ℃, controlling the breeding density to be 3 tails/square meter, mainly feeding the shrimps at night each day, accounting for more than 70% of daily feeding amount, accounting for 5% of the weight of the shrimps, mainly feeding eel feeds with more than 40% of protein content, fresh small trash fish and the like, controlling dissolved oxygen in water to be kept at more than 5 mg/liter, and controlling the pH value to be 6.5;
(3) starting the parent shrimps in the next 4 months to enter a breeding period, controlling the water temperature of 22 ℃, soaking the egg-carrying shrimps in 15 mg/L potassium permanganate for 30 minutes before the egg-carrying shrimps are placed in an incubation pool, separating the pools according to the color depth of the egg-carrying shrimps to lay eggs and incubate, placing the eggs in common foam boxes or plastic square barrels for incubation, placing 3 female shrimps in each foam box, performing 24-hour inflation incubation, and after the eggs are incubated, taking out the parent shrimps in time to avoid killing the larvae;
(4) after the parent shrimps are fished away, the juvenile shrimps are collected and placed in a 60-mesh silk net cage with the length of 2 m multiplied by 1 m multiplied by 0.6 m, and some hidden substances such as PVC short pipes and poplar roots or plastic wires are tied into bundles at the bottom of the net cage to avoid mutual killing, wherein the bait mainly comprises natural zooplankton and artificial bait, the bait is adjusted in time according to the specific conditions of the juvenile shrimps, and when the total length of the juvenile shrimps reaches more than 2 cm, the juvenile shrimps are fished into a soil pond to be cultivated or sold.
A method for artificially breeding procambarus clarkia in a soil pond is characterized in that timely adjustment is carried out according to the specific conditions of the procambarus clarkia in step (4), and the specific operation is as follows: the natural zooplankton mainly comprises nauplius larva of rotifer, small cladocera and copepods, and can be fed for 1 time respectively in the afternoon and in the morning; the artificial bait mainly comprises soybean milk, clam pulp, granular bait and the like, is fed for 2 times every day, and the feeding amount is determined according to the activities, ingestion, development conditions and the like of the young shrimps.
Claims (1)
1. A method for artificially breeding procambarus clarkia in a soil pond is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
establishing a soil pond with the area of about 15-20 square meters as a seedling raising pond, controlling the water depth of the soil pond to be more than 1.3 meters, arranging a water inlet and outlet, arranging 4 bait tables and arranging 2 automatic aerators, arranging hidden objects such as water plants, PVC pipes, meshes and the like at the bottom of the pond, wherein the hidden objects occupy about 40-45 percent of the area of the pond, carrying out solarization disinfection treatment before the parent shrimps enter the pond, and filtering and injecting water with the depth of about 1 meter by using a 100-mesh screen after disinfection for 7-8 days;
selecting individuals with good properties such as more than 15 cm in body length, more than 80 g/tail in weight, health, no diseases, complete and smooth appendages, bright color, strong activity and the like as parent shrimps, controlling the male and female proportion, putting the parent shrimps into an overwintering pond in advance after 10 months to cultivate, controlling the temperature to be 18-20 ℃, and the cultivation density to be 3-5 tails/square meter, mainly feeding the shrimps in the evening by more than 70% of daily feeding amount, mainly feeding the shrimps by 5-6% of daily feeding amount, mainly feeding the baits by eel feeds with more than 40% of protein content, fresh small trash fishes and the like, and controlling dissolved oxygen in water and the pH value to meet the requirements of the parent shrimps;
starting parent shrimps in a breeding period 4 months in the next year, controlling the water temperature to meet the requirements of the breeding period, soaking the egg-carrying shrimps in 15-20 mg/L potassium permanganate for 30-40 minutes before the egg-carrying shrimps are placed in an incubation pool, performing egg incubation in separate pools according to the color depth of the egg-carrying shrimp eggs, placing the egg-carrying shrimps in common foam boxes or plastic square barrels for incubation, placing 3-4 female shrimps in each foam box, performing 24-hour inflation incubation, and after egg incubation, timely fishing out the parent shrimps to avoid killing the larvae;
(4) after taking out parent shrimps, collecting the young shrimps and putting the young shrimps in a 60-mesh silk net cage with a certain specification, putting some hidden substances such as PVC short pipes and poplar roots or bundling the hidden substances into bundles by using plastic wires at the bottom of the net cage to avoid mutual killing, wherein the bait mainly comprises natural zooplankton and artificial bait, adjusting the bait in time according to the specific conditions of the young shrimps, and taking out the young shrimps into a soil pond for cultivating or selling the young shrimps when the total length of the young shrimps reaches more than 2 cm;
solarization and disinfection treatment is carried out before the parent shrimps in the step (1) enter the pond, the specific method is that solarization is carried out 20-30 days before the parent shrimps enter the pond, dry method pond cleaning and disinfection is carried out by quicklime and the like, and the consumption of the quicklime is 150 kg per mu;
the proper male-female ratio control in the step (2) means that the male-female ratio is controlled to be (3-4) to 1;
controlling the dissolved oxygen and the pH value in the water to meet the requirements of the parent shrimps in the step (2), specifically controlling the dissolved oxygen in the water to be kept above 5 mg/L and the pH value to be 6.5-8.3;
controlling the water temperature to meet the requirement of the propagation period in the step (3), namely controlling the water temperature to be 22-30 ℃;
the 60-mesh bolting silk net cage with a certain specification in the step (4) is a net cage with the size of 2 meters multiplied by 1 meter multiplied by 0.6 meter;
timely adjustment is carried out according to the specific conditions of the shrimp larvae in the step (4), and the specific operation is as follows: the natural zooplankton mainly comprises nauplius larva of rotifer, small cladocera and copepods, and can be fed for 1 time respectively in the afternoon and in the morning; the artificial bait mainly comprises soybean milk, clam pulp, granular bait and the like, and is fed for 2-4 times every day, and the feeding amount is determined according to the activities, ingestion, development conditions and the like of the young shrimps.
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| CN109984068A (en) * | 2019-05-10 | 2019-07-09 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | A kind of high-efficiency artificial breeds native pond Contiuum type temperature canopy and its application of Procambius clarkii |
| CN111011281A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-04-17 | 四川省农业科学院水产研究所(四川省水产研究所) | Industrial breeding method of red swamp crayfish |
| CN114271226A (en) * | 2021-12-14 | 2022-04-05 | 苏州恒洋澳龙农业科技有限公司 | Australia crayfish seedling raising method |
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| CN103210863A (en) * | 2013-04-19 | 2013-07-24 | 浙江省淡水水产研究所 | Establishing method of procambarus clarkia family |
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| CN106561517A (en) * | 2016-10-26 | 2017-04-19 | 广西赑益农业科技有限公司 | Crayfish propagating and breeding method |
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| CN103210863A (en) * | 2013-04-19 | 2013-07-24 | 浙江省淡水水产研究所 | Establishing method of procambarus clarkia family |
| CN103609502A (en) * | 2013-12-11 | 2014-03-05 | 湖北莱克水产食品股份有限公司 | Red swamp crayfish factory breeding technology |
| CN104206329A (en) * | 2014-09-01 | 2014-12-17 | 明光市永言水产(集团)有限公司 | Method for breeding procambarus clarkii spring seedlings in pond |
| CN105660497A (en) * | 2016-04-06 | 2016-06-15 | 杨彪 | Culture method of crayfish |
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