CN103210863A - Establishing method of procambarus clarkia family - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an establishing method of procambarus clarkia family. The establishing method of the procambarus clarkia family comprises the following steps: 1, selecting and breeding of parent; 2, making sets and breeding of the parent; 3, selecting and hatching of berried prawns; 4, breeding of juvenile prawns; and 5, breeding and cultivating in the same pond of shrimps for marking. The establishing method of the procambarus clarkia family has the advantages that design is reasonable, operability is strong, based on the researches on establishing and early stage growth comparison of the procambarus clarkia family, basis is established for construction and seed selection of large-scale family, selecting a new strain with excellent growth traits such as rapid growth is contributed, a condition that seeds can only rely on shrimps fished in a natural water area or shrimps left in a pond which is cultivated last year to conduct self reproducing and self breeding and generations breeding can be changed, and a systematic fine breed maintaining and seed selection technical system is formed.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the fresh water shrimp breeding technical field, be specifically related to the method that a kind of Procambius clarkii family is set up.
Background technology
Procambius clarkii (
Procambarus clarkii), the popular name freshwater crayfish is under the jurisdiction of Arthropoda, Crustachia, Decapoda, crayfish section, former Astacus.Originate in North America, after 20th century, imported China the thirties into, now be distributed widely in China, and formed can be for the natural population that utilizes, particularly in the Changjiang river, downstream area biotic population amount is bigger, having become a kind of important fresh water shrimp resources of China, also is leading products of each province, middle and lower reach of Yangtze River foreign exchange earning, is subjected to the welcome of domestic and international market deeply.According to fisheries statistics yearbook record in 2011, national Procambius clarkii was cultured about 5,000,000 mu of the gross area in 2010, output adds up 563281 tons, yet, propagate required seed at present artificially and be mostly and fish for from natural waters or rely on staying pool shrimp to carry out and for many generations breeding of culturing last one year, lack the breeding maintenance and the breeding technique system of system from numerous self-fertile.Therefore, Procambius clarkii is carried out genetic improvement, select new lines, become the demand of demanding urgently of its industry development with growth good growth traits such as quick.
Family selective breeding is one of method of selecting breeding, and the family selective breeding of aquiculture animal is because its breed characteristics and reproductive biology characteristic, and big difficulty is arranged, and the family selective breeding progress of its Mesichthyes is best, has obtained very big achievement.Develop comparatively slow and the family selective breeding of shell-fish aquatic livestock is attended by biological propertyes such as shell owing to whole growth process, now existing many about family construction method and growth fraction research, the Chinese prawn family set up when opening day etc. and different family is grown and carried out Primary Study; Zhanging Lu's equality studies the foundation and the growth fraction of Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low family full-sibs; Yang Guoliangs etc. have been studied the extensive family of Macrobrachium rosenbergii and have been made up and the cultivation technology; Yang Qibin etc. have studied growth and survival that 4 different groups of Penaeus monodon are set up family; Researchs such as Xiang Jianhai have also been applied for the foundation of cultured prawn family and the patent of fine-variety breeding method, the scholar is also arranged by making up family, utilize family to carry out heritability estimation and structure genetic linkage maps, still be in the starting stage but family selective breeding is applied to crustacean fine-variety breeding.
This shows, the family selective breeding that carries out species at first will solve the technology that this species family makes up, and the different corresponding construction methods of species also can there are differences, bibliographical information is not seen in research about foundation of Procambius clarkii family and seed selection as yet, family also is the important materials of carrying out genetic analysis simultaneously, and is very important for the genetic background of analysing in depth different parents and structure genetic linkage maps.Research about foundation of Procambius clarkii family and seed selection does not appear in the newspapers as yet, and this patent takes the lead in having invented the Procambius clarkii method for establishing stemma, in the hope of laying the foundation for the extensive family selective breeding of Procambius clarkii.
Summary of the invention
At problems of the prior art, the object of the invention is in the method that provides a kind of Procambius clarkii family to set up.
The present invention is realized by the following technical programs:
The method that described a kind of Procambius clarkii family is set up is characterized in that by following processing step:
1) parent's selection and cultivation
Select from the Procambius clarkii that buying is returned that individuality is big, appendage is complete, the stronger close shrimp of vigor is as alternative close shrimp, wherein male shrimp body weight is more than or equal to the 30g/ tail, female shrimp body weight is more than or equal to the 25g/ tail, the mode that adopts male and female separately to put in a suitable place to breed is cultivated in the greenhouse cement pit, and breeding density is 40 tails/m
2, water temperature 20-25 ℃, uninterrupted inflation, the nurturing period alternately throws something and feeds with Macrobrachium rosenbergii Prawn material and hairtail piece;
2) parent's combo and cultivation
Adopt directed mating method to carry out combo, male and female shrimp ratio is 5:1, every group of parent after the combo supported respectively temporarily in the indoor culture bucket, natural mating is put 5-6 piece arc tile as the shrimp nest, water temperature 20-25 ℃ in the bucket, uninterrupted inflation, throw something and feed during supporting temporarily Macrobrachium rosenbergii Prawn material and hairtail piece carries out reinforced cultivating, and per two days soil pick-ups once carried out one time 1.5m in 2-3 days
3The stimulation by running water 10-20 of/h minute;
3) shrimp with ovums is selected and is hatched
After combo is finished, checked once female shrimp oogenesis situation every 10 days, behind the discovery shrimp with ovums, shrimp with ovums chosen that every shrimp with ovums is put into hatching pail separately and cultivated; Put an arc tile for every barrel, inner bucket water remains on 25-35cm deeply, uninterrupted inflation, 20 ℃-24 ℃ of water temperatures;
4) juvenile prawn is cultivated
When having the part juvenile prawn to leave parent in the hatching pail, hatching pail is changed in the 500L drum in the lump together with the female shrimp of oogenesis, when treating that drum is consistent with water temperature in the hatching pail, change shrimp over to drum again, after 2-3 days, when shrimp leaves parent automatically, shrimp is counted, to female parent measure, sampling, frozen, and ready net sheet put into drum, hide and climb for shrimp, the juvenile prawn nurturing period, bait was based on the Macrobrachium rosenbergii powder-material, add spirulina powder and shell element simultaneously, soil pick-up once replenishes new water immediately behind the soil pick-up every three days; Magnitude of recruitment is 10-20%;
5) cultivate for the mark shrimp and culture with the pool
Juvenile prawn after cultivating in two months, choose that the parent is clear and definite, juvenile prawn mantissa is more than 200, close family of the time of hatching carries out that standardization is cultured and the growth comparative trial, juvenile prawn is after standardization is cultured, carry out individual mark, carry out behind the individual mark culturing and family selective breeding with the pool.
The method that described a kind of Procambius clarkii family is set up, it is characterized in that described step 1) and step 2) in Macrobrachium rosenbergii shrimp material and hairtail piece alternately throw something and feed and be meant the hairtail piece of throwing something and feeding a time in Macrobrachium rosenbergii 2-3 days of whenever throwing something and feeding, throw something and feed every day once, a feeding volume is the 8%-12% of shrimp body weight.
The method that described a kind of Procambius clarkii family is set up is characterized in that described step 2) in cultivate bucket and be 500L white rectangular plastic charging basket, the inner bucket water position remains on 18-25cm.
The method that described a kind of Procambius clarkii family is set up is characterized in that hatching pail is the 45L round tank in the described step 3).
The method that described a kind of Procambius clarkii family is set up, the amount that it is characterized in that the spirulina powder that adds in the described step 4) is the 10-15% of Macrobrachium rosenbergii powder-material, the amount of shell element is the 0.5-1% of Macrobrachium rosenbergii powder-material, throws something and feeds every day once, and feeding volume is the 0.5-1% of juvenile prawn body weight.
The method that described a kind of Procambius clarkii family is set up, it is characterized in that in the described step 5) that standardization is cultured is meant juvenile prawn is put in a suitable place to breed in the greenhouse in the 500L drum, 25 ℃ of water temperatures, water level remains on 45-55cm, and breeding density is 150 tail/buckets, place tile in the bucket as the shrimp nest, the throw something and feed every day compound of Macrobrachium rosenbergii Prawn material and snail meat, uninterrupted inflation, soil pick-up is once every three days, replenish new water behind the soil pick-up, magnitude of recruitment is 10-20%.
The method that described a kind of Procambius clarkii family is set up is characterized in that the weight of snail meat in the described compound accounts for the 15-20% of Macrobrachium rosenbergii Prawn material weight.
The inventive method is reasonable in design, workable, by the Procambius clarkii family is set up and the research of early stage growth fraction, extensive family makes up and seed selection is laid a good foundation in order to carry out, help seed selection to have the new lines of growth good growth traits such as quick, changing seed under the existing situation can only lean on and fish for from natural waters or rely on the pool shrimp of culturing last one year that stays to carry out forming the maintenance of Procambius clarkii breeding and the breeding technique system of system from the numerous self-fertile and the situation of for many generations breeding.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described by following specific embodiment.
Embodiment 1
2011, adopt TAI HU AREA colony as Procambius clarkii basic population (rich raiser's buying obtains from the Anji filial piety), carried out the work of Procambius clarkii family structure in the Jia Shan of Zhejiang Institute of Fresh Water Aquatic Products ripples the greenhouse in base, particular content is as follows:
(1) parent's selection and cultivation
The Procambius clarkii basic population adopts Taihu Lake colony, and the raiser buys from the Anji, and the shrimp that therefrom selection is individual greatly, appendage is complete, vigor is stronger is as the parent.The mode that the parent that buying is returned takes male and female separately to put in a suitable place to breed is cultivated in the greenhouse cement pit, and the specification of cement pit is 2m*6m*1m, and the depth of water is 30cm, and breeding density is about 40 tails/m
2, water temperature 20-25 ℃, uninterrupted inflation, throw something and feed Macrobrachium rosenbergii Prawn material and hairtail piece carries out parent culture, the three days Macrobrachium rosenbergii Prawn material of whenever throwing something and feeding, the one day hairtail piece of then throwing something and feeding, cycle alternation is is alternately thrown something and fed, and throws something and feeds every day once, and each feeding volume accounts for the 8-12% of shrimp body weight.
(2) parent's combo and reinforced cultivating
The directed mating method of utilization is carried out combo at the beginning of 2011 9 months, combo is 48 altogether, support temporarily that (volume is 500L, and specification is among 59cm * 109cm * 62cm), to put female shrimp 5 tails for every barrel in indoor white rectangular plastic charging basket, male shrimp 1 tail, natural mating is put 5-6 piece arc tile as the shrimp nest, the about 20cm of the depth of water in the bucket, water temperature 20-25 ℃, uninterrupted inflation, throw something and feed Macrobrachium rosenbergii Prawn material and hairtail piece carry out reinforced cultivating, the two days Macrobrachium rosenbergii Prawn material of whenever throwing something and feeding, the one day hairtail piece of then throwing something and feeding, cycle alternation is is alternately thrown something and fed, and throws something and feeds every day once, and each feeding volume accounts for the 8-12% of shrimp body weight, every other day soil pick-up once carried out one time 1.5m in 2-3 days
3The stimulation by running water 20-30 of/h minute.
(3) shrimp with ovums is selected and is hatched
After combo is finished, check once female shrimp oogenesis situation every 10 days, behind the discovery shrimp with ovums, shrimp with ovums is chosen, in the 45L round tank, cultivate, put an arc tile for every barrel, the about 30cm of the depth of water, uninterrupted inflation, water temperature remains on 20 ℃-24 ℃.September 28 to October 28 days, carried out 5 shrimp with ovums inspections altogether, obtain 105 tail shrimp with ovums, what wherein belong to family half sibs is 92 tails.Average egg laying rate of red swamp is 44.2% in 30 days, and the highest egg laying rate of red swamp of single combo is 100%, shows that the male shrimp of 1 tail can be for the female shrimp of 5 tails carries out natural insemination in 1 month, and on average each combo produces 2.18 tail shrimp with ovums.Under water temperature 20-25 ℃ condition, shrimp with ovums is emerged through hatching in 17-30 days, has 77 tail shrimp with ovums and successfully hatches the shrimp seedling, and the hatching success rate is 72.74%.It is 304.56 tails ± 140.66 tails that single female shrimp hatches the shrimp number, and the juvenile prawn number is 681 tails to the maximum in this test.
(4) juvenile prawn is cultivated
When having the part juvenile prawn to leave parent in the hatching pail (45L keg), then bucket is gone to No. four 500L drums in the greenhouse in the lump together with the female shrimp of oogenesis, shrimp, tile and (put tile as the shrimp nest in the bucket, the about 20cm of the depth of water), when treating that keg water temperature interior and in the drum is consistent, change shrimp over to drum again, after 2-3 days, when treating that shrimp leaves parent automatically, shrimp is counted, to female parent measure, sampling, frozen, and ready net sheet put into drum, hide and climb for shrimp.It is formulated that the bait that juvenile prawn is cultivated adds a little spirulina powder, shell element etc. with the Macrobrachium rosenbergii powder-material, wherein the amount of spirulina powder accounts for the 10-15% of Macrobrachium rosenbergii powder-material, the amount of shell element accounts for the 0.5-1% of Macrobrachium rosenbergii powder-material, throw something and feed every day once, a feeding volume accounts for the 0.5-1% of juvenile prawn body weight, and the juvenile prawn nurturing period every 2 days soil pick-ups once, and is pure and fresh with assurance water quality, the new water of while regular replenishment, magnitude of recruitment is 10-20%.After cultivating in 30 days, young specification can reach 1.8cm, and the juvenile prawn cultivating survival rate is that 96.25% ± 2.58%(n=8), 2 monthly age shrimp seed rearing survival rates are 83% ± 11%.
(5) cultivate for the mark shrimp and culture with the pool
After 60 days juvenile prawns are cultivated, shrimp to each family carries out standardization breed and growth comparative trial, be treated to mainly that to choose the parent clear and definite, juvenile prawn mantissa is more than 200, close family of the time of hatching is used for test, test is carried out in (25 ℃ of water temperatures) 500L drum in the greenhouse, depth of water 50cm, breeding density is 150 tail/buckets, put tile as the shrimp nest in the bucket, and attention is according to the quantity of the growing state increase shrimp nest of shrimp, the Macrobrachium rosenbergii Prawn material of throwing something and feeding every day, a small amount of spiral shell meat of arranging in pairs or groups, the amount of screw meat accounts for the 15-20% of Macrobrachium rosenbergii Prawn material, uninterrupted inflation every 2 days soil pick-ups 1 time, and increases new water in good time.Juvenile prawn (about 21 ℃) in the greenhouse was cultivated and can carry out individual mark (totally 23 familys) at the beginning of 4 month, carried out culturing and family selective breeding with the pool again; At the beginning of outdoor cultivation to 5 month, can carry out individual mark (totally 31 familys), carry out again culturing and family selective breeding with the pool.This annual Procambius clarkii is cultured with the pool and carries out in Anji Xi Long township.
Embodiment 2
(1) parent's recapture and reinforced cultivating
In the work of on August 2nd, 2012 beginning Procambius clarkii family structure, the shrimp of cultivating in 2011 of culturing with the pool in the Anji is carried out recapture, catch back male shrimp 453 tails altogether, female shrimp 416 tails.The one-tenth shrimp of recapture places cement pit to culture behind 10ppm potassium permanganate soaking disinfection, the mode of taking the male and female branch to put, and breeding density is about 40 tails/m
2, be that bait carries out antenatal reinforced cultivating with Macrobrachium rosenbergii Prawn material, hairtail piece.
(2) parent's combo
Therefrom select individual big, complete, the undamaged one-tenth of limbs shrimp as the parent who makes up family on September 11st, 2012, selection rate is 17.26%.According to the method for Nested Design, the ratio of male and female 5:1 is carried out combo and directed mating, and combo is 30 altogether.
(3) shrimp with ovums inspection and hatching
Through reinforced cultivating, September 28 to October 19 days, 3 shrimp with ovums inspections (September 28, October 8, October 19) have been carried out altogether, obtain 125 tail shrimp with ovums, egg laying rate of red swamp is 83.33%, and the combo of the whole oogenesis of female shrimp has 14 in the combo, and on average each combo produces 4.17 shrimp with ovums.
Place 1 45L round tank to cultivate single shrimp with ovums, depth of water 20cm, uninterrupted inflation, the Macrobrachium rosenbergii Prawn material of throwing something and feeding, every day soil pick-up once, in case feed mold causes ovum generation saprolegniasis.At ambient temperature, shrimp with ovums is emerged through hatching in 17-30 days, has 110 tail shrimp with ovums and successfully hatches the shrimp seedling, and the hatching success rate is 88%.It is 264.24 ± 98.51 tails that single female shrimp hatches the shrimp number.
According to hatching output of seedling 〉=150 tails, 66 familys of selecting and remain, the above family of 200 tails has 51.Make up 66 family full-sibses altogether, wherein 64 is family half sibs, on average each male parent 2.2 familys of selecting and remain.
(4) larval culture
Juvenile prawn is cultured to juvenile prawn and leaves parent, and shrimp is counted, and juvenile prawn is transferred to 500L Plastic Drum (130 cm x, 73 cm x 65cm) carries out larval culture.Simultaneously, it is frozen that the female shrimp of oogenesis is sampled, and analyzes in order to the later stage parent.Each family juvenile prawn is cultivated in the 500L Plastic Drum, water temperature 15-20 ℃, places in the Plastic Drum and cultures, depth of water 20cm, uninterrupted inflation.Juvenile prawn is cultivated bait, and to add a little spirulina powder, shell element etc. with the Macrobrachium rosenbergii powder-material formulated, during per 2 days soil pick-ups once, to guarantee that water quality is pure and fresh, the new water of regular replenishment simultaneously.For avoiding juvenile prawn to kill each other, and will clean and adequately disinfected 50-100cm2 nylon wire net sheet and 5-6 tile put into drum, and hide and climb for shrimp.
(5) cultivate for the mark shrimp and culture with the pool
This year is cultivated 27 familys altogether in No. three greenhouses (water temperature remains on about 20 ℃), in 39 familys of outdoor cultivation.
Data analysis and result
Carry out data with Excel and SAS8.0 statistical analysis software and handle, utilization simple correlation and polynary partial Correlation Analysis are carried out the correlation analysis between index, adopt ANOVA to carry out variance analysis and carry out multiple ratio than testing significance of difference by the Duncan method.
The basic condition that the Procambius clarkii family makes up
Experiment in 2011 is total to 48 of combos, parent culture survival rate about 85%.September 28 to October 28 days, carried out 5 shrimp with ovums inspections (September 28, October 8, October 13, October 18, October 28) altogether, obtain 105 tail shrimp with ovums, what wherein belong to paternal family half sibs is 92 tails.Average egg laying rate of red swamp (30 days) is 44.2%, and on average each combo produces 2.18 tail shrimp with ovums, and the highest egg laying rate of red swamp of single combo is 100%, shows that the male shrimp of 1 tail can carry out natural insemination for the female shrimp of 5 tails in 1 month.Under water temperature 20-25 ℃ condition, shrimp with ovums is emerged through hatching in 17-30 days, has 77 tail shrimp with ovums and successfully hatches the shrimp seedling, and the hatching success rate is 72.74%.Cultivated through 30 days, young specification reaches 1.8cm, and the juvenile prawn cultivating survival rate is 96.25% ± 2.58%(n=8).
The correlation analysis of indexs such as juvenile prawn number and female, male shrimp body weight, body length
Hatching juvenile prawn number to each family is added up, and the mean value that single as can be known female shrimp hatches the shrimp number is 304.56 tails ± 140.66 tails, and what hatching juvenile prawn number was maximum in this test is 681 tails (juvenile prawn number and male and female shrimp index concrete condition see Table 1).Carry out polynary partial Correlation Analysis and show through index such as juvenile prawn number and female, male shrimp body weight, body being grown, through indexs such as juvenile prawn number and female, male shrimp body weight, body be long being carried out multiple correlation and partial Correlation Analysis shows, the body weight of Procambius clarkii juvenile prawn number and female shrimp, body are grown, the Pearson partial correlation coefficient of carapace length is respectively-0.0578(p=0.6246), 0.1219(p=0.3008), 0.1387(p=0.2387); Be respectively-0.04366 (p=0.7257), 0.0844 (p=0.4972) ,-0.0692 (p=0.5777) with male shrimp body weight, body Pearson partial correlation coefficient long, that carapace is long.The p value is all greater than 0.05, shows that the correlation of indexs such as juvenile prawn number and female, male shrimp body weight, body be long is not remarkable, may other are index related bigger with parent culture quality, sexual gland index, incubation rate etc.
Table 1 family makes up basic condition
| The family numbering | Output of seedling (tail) | Male shrimp body weight (g) | Male shrimp body long (cm) | Female shrimp body weight (g) | Female shrimp body long (cm) |
| 1 | 185 | 18.18 | 7.3 | 19.64 | 7.6 |
| 2 | 375 | 31.03 | 8.3 | 17.14 | 7.9 |
| 3 | 233 | — | — | 18.37 | 7.9 |
| 4 | 285 | 31.10 | 8.4 | 30.71 | 8.7 |
| 5 | 260 | 23.85 | 8.1 | 17.44 | 7.9 |
| 6 | 230 | 21.86 | 7.5 | 21.65 | 7.8 |
| 7 | 300 | 40.63 | 8.6 | 35.74 | 9.5 |
| 8 | 232 | 24.07 | 7.7 | 23.74 | 7.9 |
| 9 | 573 | 27.92 | 8.5 | 32.32 | 9 |
| 10 | 519 | 19.78 | 7.6 | 28.77 | 9 |
| 11 | 228 | 34.32 | 7.7 | 14.28 | 7.2 |
| 12 | 227 | 34.32 | 7.7 | 17.94 | 7.5 |
| 13 | 229 | 40.63 | 8.6 | 28.99 | 8.5 |
| 14 | 377 | 26.46 | 8.2 | 24.43 | 8.0 |
| 15 | 357 | 23.85 | 8.1 | 23.07 | 8.0 |
| 16 | 353 | 31.10 | 8.4 | 25.49 | 8.5 |
| 17 | 342 | 28.01 | 8.2 | 22.03 | 8.5 |
| 18 | 467 | — | — | 39.16 | 9.4 |
| 19 | 441 | 41.63 | 10.6 | 28.03 | 9.2 |
| 20 | 98 | 23.86 | 8.0 | 27.68 | 8.4 |
| 21 | 267 | 35.31 | 8.9 | 22.39 | 8.1 |
| 22 | 257 | 27.47 | 8.2 | 30.12 | 8.8 |
| 23 | 380 | 31.56 | 8.8 | 34.03 | 9.0 |
| 24 | 460 | 38.00 | 9.1 | 22.3 | 7.9 |
| 25 | 116 | 26.46 | 8.2 | — | — |
| 26 | 447 | 27.47 | 8.2 | 27.59 | 8.7 |
| 27 | 213 | 35.51 | 9.4 | 21.11 | 7.9 |
| 28 | 265 | 40.63 | 8.6 | 21.57 | 7.5 |
| 29 | 681 | 28.01 | 8.2 | 34.57 | 9.2 |
| 30 | 307 | 25.53 | 8.2 | 24.77 | 8.2 |
| 31 | 471 | 27.80 | 8.5 | 24.4 | 8.2 |
| 32 | 208 | 28.59 | 8.5 | 18.17 | 7.2 |
| 33 | 311 | 32.15 | 9.1 | 25.04 | 8.3 |
| 34 | 278 | 27.41 | 8.6 | 16.79 | 7.0 |
| 35 | 228 | 28.01 | 8.2 | 20.28 | 7.9 |
| 36 | 442 | 32.15 | 9.1 | 23.6 | 8.1 |
| 37 | 244 | 34.49 | 9.4 | 28.5 | 8.3 |
| 38 | 367 | 31.03 | 8.3 | 24.27 | 8.9 |
| 39 | 548 | — | — | 32.2 | 9.0 |
| 40 | 128 | 27.03 | 8.0 | 26.44 | 8.5 |
| 41 | 456 | — | — | 27.76 | 8.9 |
| 42 | 451 | 35.51 | 9.4 | 24.5 | 7.9 |
| 43 | 195 | 35.51 | 9.4 | 30.1 | 8.4 |
| 44 | 392 | 20.65 | 7.4 | 24.56 | 7.7 |
| 45 | 286 | 32.69 | 9.1 | 22.79 | 7.9 |
| 46 | 437 | 27.41 | 8.6 | 23.86 | 7.9 |
| 47 | 96 | 34.49 | 9.4 | 24.68 | 8.2 |
| 48 | 307 | 34.49 | 9.4 | 23.25 | 7.8 |
| 49 | 366 | — | — | 19.32 | 7.9 |
| 50 | 190 | 28.59 | 8.5 | 25.31 | 8.4 |
| 51 | 115 | 41.63 | 10.6 | 19.96 | 7.5 |
| 52 | 28 | 20.65 | 7.4 | 22.82 | 7.6 |
| 53 | 233 | 18.18 | 7.3 | 20.14 | 7.4 |
| 54 | 104 | 35.31 | 8.9 | 16.20 | 7.2 |
| 55 | 116 | 32.11 | 9.0 | 36.81 | 9.1 |
| 56 | 208 | 27.41 | 8.6 | 33.45 | 8.8 |
| 57 | 330 | 51.85 | 10.1 | 21.59 | 7.9 |
| 58 | 67 | — | — | 18.39 | 7.4 |
| 59 | 79 | 26.46 | 8.2 | 19.69 | 7.4 |
| 60 | 120 | 38.00 | 9.1 | 24.36 | 8.0 |
| 61 | 409 | 19.78 | 7.6 | 21.82 | 7.6 |
| 62 | 437 | 24.07 | 7.7 | 28.97 | 8.9 |
| 63 | 197 | — | — | 25.02 | 8.2 |
| 64 | 504 | 20.65 | 7.4 | 27.13 | 8.3 |
| 65 | 114 | 35.07 | 8.9 | 32.90 | 9.7 |
| 66 | 528 | 38.00 | 9.1 | 21.18 | 7.9 |
| 67 | 316 | 30.18 | 8.8 | 28.21 | 8.7 |
| 68 | 394 | 18.18 | 7.3 | 21.73 | 8.3 |
| 69 | 505 | 47.42 | 10.0 | 39.78 | 9.5 |
| 70 | 169 | 27.03 | 8.0 | 20.46 | 8.2 |
| 71 | 386 | 32.15 | 9.1 | 22.1 | 8.4 |
| 72 | 38 | 23.85 | 8.1 | 27.90 | 8.5 |
| 73 | 199 | 51.85 | 10.1 | 18.20 | 7.4 |
| 74 | 301 | 38.34 | 9.2 | 25.01 | 8.4 |
| 75 | 341 | 34.49 | 9.4 | 32.43 | 9.2 |
| 76 | 565 | 32.69 | 9.1 | 33.46 | 8.3 |
| 77 | 294 | 26.46 | 8.2 | 28.69 | 8.37 |
| Mean value | 304.56±140.66 | 30.69±7.37 | 8.56±0.77 | 25.12±5.60 | 8.24±0.62 |
Annotate: "-" expression data disappearance.
Correlation analysis between breeding density and the 2 monthly age survival rates
The breed initial stage (2 months), the breeding density of different family juvenile prawns is different (seeing Table 1), to wherein the breeding density and the 2 monthly age cultivating survival rates of 54 familys carry out statistical analysis, drawing 2 monthly age shrimp seed rearing survival rates is 82.63% ± 10.76% (n=54), carry out simple correlation and regression analysis to cultivating between density (tail/bucket) and shrimp seed rearing (2 monthly age) survival rate, analysis draws between the two, and Pearson correlation coefficient is-0.094(p=0.4987), show that both are negative correlation, but (≤681 tail/bucket) both correlations are not remarkable in the density when this test is grown seedlings.
Early growth comparative result between family
23 family full-sibses of this experimental selection (wherein family half sibs is 15), in the greenhouse, carry out the juvenile prawn breed, the survival rate of culturing is 39% ± 8%, the coefficient of variation of culturing survival rate between each family is 20.51%, wherein family 37 is cultured survival rate the highest (51.33%), and family 36 is cultured survival rate minimum (23.33%).Different family juvenile prawn growth comparative results specifically see Table 2.
The different family early growth of table 2 contrast table
Annotate: the subscript of same row does not have same letter and represents difference significant difference (p=0.05)
Long multiple comparison shows that of body in the table 2, three the fastest familys of growing are family 36, family 15 and family 8, three the slowest familys of growing are family 37, family 38 and family 17.Body weight is multiple to comparison shows that, three the fastest familys of growing are family 36, family 13 and family 15, and three the slowest familys of growing are family 37, family 38 and family 17.Most family juvenile prawn growth differences are not obvious, but growth differences is obvious between the family that growth is the fastest and growth is the slowest.
The coefficient of variation of each family endosome length and the coefficient of variation of body weight are analyzed, and the result shows that the long coefficient of variation of family endosome is less, and the body weight coefficient of variation is bigger.Contrast between different familys coefficient of variation as can be known, the family of the long coefficient of variation minimum of body is a family 32, is 18.05%, maximum is family 1, is 34.46%; The family of body weight coefficient of variation minimum is a family 32, is 75.70%, and maximum is family 17, is 189.66%.
With each family respectively by body weight, body long and survival rate carry out descending, find family 2 and family 14, in three kinds of arrangement modes, all come precedingly ten, judge tentatively that thus the juvenile prawn growth traits of these two familys is better.
Claims (7)
1. the method set up of a Procambius clarkii family is characterized in that by following processing step:
1) parent's selection and cultivation
Select from the Procambius clarkii that buying is returned that individuality is big, appendage is complete, the stronger close shrimp of vigor is as alternative close shrimp, wherein male shrimp body weight is more than or equal to the 30g/ tail, female shrimp body weight is more than or equal to the 25g/ tail, the mode that adopts male and female separately to put in a suitable place to breed is cultivated in the greenhouse cement pit, and breeding density is 40 tails/m
2, water temperature 20-25 ℃, uninterrupted inflation, the nurturing period alternately throws something and feeds with Macrobrachium rosenbergii shrimp material and hairtail piece;
2) parent's combo and cultivation
Adopt directed mating method to carry out combo, male and female shrimp ratio is 5:1, every group of parent after the combo supported respectively temporarily in the indoor culture bucket, natural mating is put 5-6 piece arc tile as the shrimp nest, water temperature 20-25 ℃ in the bucket, uninterrupted inflation, throw something and feed during supporting temporarily Macrobrachium rosenbergii Prawn material and hairtail piece carries out reinforced cultivating, and per two days soil pick-ups once carried out one time 1.5m in 2-3 days
3The stimulation by running water 10-20 of/h minute;
3) shrimp with ovums is selected and is hatched
After combo is finished, checked once female shrimp oogenesis situation every 10 days, behind the discovery shrimp with ovums, shrimp with ovums chosen that every shrimp with ovums is put into hatching pail separately and cultivated; Put an arc tile for every barrel, inner bucket water remains on 25-35cm deeply, uninterrupted inflation, 20 ℃-24 ℃ of water temperatures;
4) juvenile prawn is cultivated
When having the part juvenile prawn to leave parent in the hatching pail, hatching pail is changed in the 500L drum in the lump together with the female shrimp of oogenesis, when treating that drum is consistent with water temperature in the hatching pail, change shrimp over to drum again, after 2-3 days, when shrimp leaves parent automatically, shrimp is counted, to female parent measure, sampling, frozen, and ready net sheet put into drum, hide and climb for shrimp, the juvenile prawn nurturing period, bait was based on the Macrobrachium rosenbergii powder-material, add spirulina powder and shell element simultaneously, soil pick-up once replenishes new water immediately behind the soil pick-up every three days; Magnitude of recruitment is 10-20%;
5) cultivate for the mark shrimp and culture with the pool
Juvenile prawn after cultivating in two months, choose that the parent is clear and definite, juvenile prawn mantissa is more than 200, close family of the time of hatching carries out that standardization is cultured and the growth comparative trial, juvenile prawn is after standardization is cultured, carry out individual mark, carry out behind the individual mark culturing and family selective breeding with the pool.
2. the method that a kind of Procambius clarkii family according to claim 1 is set up, it is characterized in that described step 1) and step 2) in Macrobrachium rosenbergii Prawn material and hairtail piece alternately throw something and feed and be meant the Macrobrachium rosenbergii Prawn material of whenever the throwing something and feeding hairtail piece of throwing something and feeding in 2-3 days a time, throw something and feed every day once, a feeding volume is the 8%-12% of shrimp body weight.
3. the method that a kind of Procambius clarkii family according to claim 1 is set up is characterized in that described step 2) in cultivate bucket and be 500L white rectangular plastic charging basket, the inner bucket water position remains on 18-25cm.
4. the method that a kind of Procambius clarkii family according to claim 1 is set up is characterized in that hatching pail is the 45L round tank in the described step 3).
5. the method that a kind of Procambius clarkii family according to claim 1 is set up, the amount that it is characterized in that the spirulina powder that adds in the described step 4) is the 10-15% of Macrobrachium rosenbergii powder-material, the amount of shell element is the 0.5-1% of Macrobrachium rosenbergii powder-material, throw something and feed every day once, feeding volume is the 0.5-1% of juvenile prawn body weight.
6. the method that a kind of Procambius clarkii family according to claim 1 is set up, it is characterized in that in the described step 5) that standardization is cultured is meant juvenile prawn is put in a suitable place to breed in the greenhouse in the 500L drum, 25 ℃ of water temperatures, water level remains on 45-55cm, and breeding density is 150 tail/buckets, place tile in the bucket as shrimp nest and net sheet, the throw something and feed every day compound of Macrobrachium rosenbergii Prawn material and spiral shell meat, uninterrupted inflation, soil pick-up is once every three days, replenish new water behind the soil pick-up, magnitude of recruitment is 10-20%.
7. the method that a kind of Procambius clarkii family according to claim 6 is set up is characterized in that the weight of spiral shell meat in the described compound accounts for the 15-20% of Macrobrachium rosenbergii Prawn material weight.
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