CN103210863B - Establishing method of procambarus clarkia family - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an establishing method of procambarus clarkia family. The establishing method of the procambarus clarkia family comprises the following steps: 1, selecting and breeding of parent; 2, making sets and breeding of the parent; 3, selecting and hatching of berried prawns; 4, breeding of juvenile prawns; and 5, breeding and cultivating in the same pond of shrimps for marking. The establishing method of the procambarus clarkia family has the advantages that design is reasonable, operability is strong, based on the researches on establishing and early stage growth comparison of the procambarus clarkia family, basis is established for construction and seed selection of large-scale family, selecting a new strain with excellent growth traits such as rapid growth is contributed, a condition that seeds can only rely on shrimps fished in a natural water area or shrimps left in a pond which is cultivated last year to conduct self reproducing and self breeding and generations breeding can be changed, and a systematic fine breed maintaining and seed selection technical system is formed.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fresh water shrimp breeding technical field, be specifically related to a kind of method that Procambius clarkii family is set up.
background technology
Procambius clarkii (
procambarus clarkii), popular name freshwater crayfish, is under the jurisdiction of Arthropoda, Crustachia, Decapoda, crayfish section, former Astacus.Originate in North America, import into after China from the thirties in 20th century, now be distributed widely in China, and formed can be for the natural population utilizing, particularly in the Changjiang river, Lower Reaches biotic population amount is larger, become a kind of important Freshwater shrimps resource of China, leading products of Ye Shi middle and lower reach of Yangtze River each province foreign exchange earning, are subject to the welcome of domestic and international market deeply.Record according to fisheries statistics yearbook in 2011, approximately 5,000,000 mu of the national Procambius clarkii cultivation gross areas in 2010, output adds up 563281 tons, but, propagating at present required seed artificially is fish for or rely on the pool shrimp that stays of one year of cultivation carry out from numerous self-fertile and for many generations breed from natural water area mostly, and the breeding that lacks system keeps and breeding technique system.Therefore, Procambius clarkii is carried out to genetic improvement, select the new lines with the growth good growth traits such as quick, become the urgently demand of its industry development.
Family selective breeding is one of method of selecting breeding, and the family selective breeding of aquiculture animal is due to its cultivation feature and reproductive biology characteristic, and has larger difficulty, and the family selective breeding progress of its Mesichthyes is best, has obtained very large achievement.And the family selective breeding of shell-fish aquatic livestock develops comparatively slow because whole process of growth is attended by the biological propertyes such as shell, now existing many about family construction method and growth fraction research, as day time etc. Chinese prawn family is set up and different family is grown and carried out Primary Study; Zhanging foundation and the growth fraction of Lu's equality to Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low family full-sibs is studied; Yang Guoliangs etc. have been studied the extensive family of Macrobrachium rosenbergii and have been built and cultivation technology; Yang Qibin etc. have studied growth and survival that 4 different groups of Penaeus monodon are set up family; The researchs such as Xiang Jianhai have also been applied for the foundation of cultured prawn family and the patent of fine-variety breeding method, also there is scholar by building family, utilize family carry out heritability estimation and build genetic linkage maps, but family selective breeding is applied to crustacean fine-variety breeding still in the starting stage.
As can be seen here, first the family selective breeding that carries out species will solve the technology that this species family builds, and the different corresponding construction methods of species also can there are differences, research about the foundation of Procambius clarkii family and seed selection there is not yet bibliographical information, family is also the important materials of carrying out genetic analysis simultaneously, very important for analysing in depth different parents' genetic background and building genetic linkage maps.Research about the foundation of Procambius clarkii family and seed selection there is not yet report, and this patent takes the lead in having invented Procambius clarkii method for establishing stemma, to laying the foundation for the extensive family selective breeding of Procambius clarkii.
Summary of the invention
For problems of the prior art, the object of the invention is in a kind of method that provides Procambius clarkii family to set up.
The present invention is realized by the following technical programs:
The method that described a kind of Procambius clarkii family is set up, is characterized in that by following processing step:
1) parent's selection and cultivation
The Procambius clarkii returning from buying, select that individuality is large, appendage is complete, the stronger close shrimp of vigor is as alternative close shrimp, wherein male shrimp body weight is more than or equal to 30g/ tail, female shrimp body weight is more than or equal to 25g/ tail, the mode that adopts male and female separately to put in a suitable place to breed is cultivated in greenhouse cement pit, and breeding density is 40 tails/m
2, water temperature 20-25 DEG C, uninterruptedly inflation, the nurturing period alternately throws something and feeds with Macrobrachium rosenbergii shrimp material and hairtail piece;
2) parent's combo and cultivation
Adopt directed mating method to carry out combo, male and female shrimp ratio is 5:1, every group of parent after combo supported respectively temporarily in indoor culture bucket, natural mating, puts 5-6 piece arc tile as shrimp nest, water temperature 20-25 DEG C in bucket, uninterrupted inflation, throw something and feed during supporting temporarily Macrobrachium rosenbergii shrimp material and hairtail piece carries out reinforced cultivating, and every two days soil pick-ups once, carry out 1.5m for 2-3 days one time
3the stimulation by running water 10-20 minute of/h;
3) shrimp with ovums is selected and is hatched
After combo completes, check once female shrimp oogenesis situation every 10 days, find, after shrimp with ovums, shrimp with ovums to be chosen, every shrimp with ovums is put into separately hatching pail and is cultivated; Put an arc tile for every barrel, inner bucket water remains on 25-35cm deeply, uninterruptedly inflation, 20 DEG C-24 DEG C of water temperatures;
4) juvenile shrimp cultivation
While having part juvenile prawn to leave parent in hatching pail, hatching pail is proceeded in 500L drum in the lump together with the female shrimp of oogenesis, in the time that drum is consistent with water temperature in hatching pail, again shrimp is proceeded to drum, after 2-3 days, when shrimp leaves parent automatically, shrimp is counted, to female parent measure, sampling, frozen, and ready net sheet is put into drum, hide and climb for shrimp, during juvenile shrimp cultivation, bait is taking Macrobrachium rosenbergii powder-material as main, add spirulina powder and shell element, soil pick-up once, supplements new water immediately after soil pick-up every three days simultaneously; Magnitude of recruitment is 10-20%;
5) cultivate and cultivate with the pool for mark shrimp
Juvenile prawn is after two months cultivate, choose that parent is clear and definite, juvenile prawn mantissa is more than 200, close family of the time of hatching is carried out standardization cultivation and growth comparative trial, juvenile prawn is after standardization cultivation, carry out individual mark, after individual mark, carry out the cultivation of the same pool and family selective breeding.
The method that described a kind of Procambius clarkii family is set up, it is characterized in that in described step 1) that Macrobrachium rosenbergii shrimp material and hairtail piece are are alternately thrown something and fed refers to the Macrobrachium rosenbergii 2-3 days that often the throws something and feeds hairtail piece of throwing something and feeding a time, throw something and feed every day once, a feeding volume is the 8%-12% of shrimp body weight.
The method that described a kind of Procambius clarkii family is set up, is characterized in that described step 2) the middle bucket of cultivating is for 500L white rectangular plastic charging basket, and inner bucket water position remains on 18-25cm.
The method that described a kind of Procambius clarkii family is set up, is characterized in that in described step 3), hatching pail is 45L round tank.
The method that described a kind of Procambius clarkii family is set up, the amount that it is characterized in that the spirulina powder adding in described step 4) is the 10-15% of Macrobrachium rosenbergii powder-material, the amount of shell element is the 0.5-1% of Macrobrachium rosenbergii powder-material, throws something and feeds every day once, and feeding volume is the 0.5-1% of juvenile prawn body weight.
The method that described a kind of Procambius clarkii family is set up, it is characterized in that the cultivation of described step 5) Playsization refers to puts juvenile prawn in a suitable place to breed in greenhouse in 500L drum, 25 DEG C of water temperatures, water level remains on 45-55cm, and breeding density is 150 tail/buckets, in bucket, place tile as shrimp nest, the throw something and feed every day compound of Macrobrachium rosenbergii shrimp material and spiral shell meat, uninterruptedly inflation, soil pick-up is once every three days, after soil pick-up, supplement new water, magnitude of recruitment is 10-20%.
The method that described a kind of Procambius clarkii family is set up, is characterized in that the weight of spiral shell meat in described compound accounts for the 15-20% of Macrobrachium rosenbergii shrimp material weight.
The inventive method is reasonable in design, workable, by Procambius clarkii family being set up and the research of early stage growth fraction, in order to carry out, extensive family builds and seed selection is laid a good foundation, contribute to seed selection to there is the new lines of the growth good growth traits such as quick, changing seed in existing situation can only lean on from natural water area and fish for or rely on the pool shrimp that stays of one year of cultivation to carry out, from numerous self-fertile and the situation of for many generations breeding, forming the maintenance of Procambius clarkii breeding and the breeding technique system of system.
Embodiment
By following specific embodiment, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1
2011, adopt TAI HU AREA colony as Procambius clarkii basic population (rich raiser's buying obtains from Anji filial piety), in the Jia Shan of Zhejiang Institute of Fresh Water Aquatic Products ripples the greenhouse in base, carried out Procambius clarkii family construction work, particular content is as follows:
(1) parent's selection and cultivation
Procambius clarkii basic population adopts Taihu Lake population, and from Anji, raiser buys, and the shrimp that therefrom selection is individual greatly, appendage is complete, vigor is stronger is as parent.The parent that buying is returned takes the mode that male and female are separately put in a suitable place to breed to cultivate in greenhouse cement pit, and the specification of cement pit is 2m*6m*1m, and the depth of water is 30cm, and breeding density is about 40 tails/m
2, water temperature 20-25 DEG C, uninterruptedly inflation, throw something and feed Macrobrachium rosenbergii shrimp material and hairtail piece carry out parent culture, the three days Macrobrachium rosenbergii shrimp material of often throwing something and feeding, the one day hairtail piece of then throwing something and feeding, cycle alternation is thrown something and fed, and throws something and feeds every day once, and each feeding volume accounts for the 8-12% of shrimp body weight.
(2) parent's combo and reinforced cultivating
At the beginning of 2011 9 months, use directed mating method to carry out combo, 48 of combos altogether, support temporarily that (volume is 500L in indoor white rectangular plastic charging basket, specification is 59cm × 109cm × 62cm) in, put female shrimp 5 tails for every barrel, male shrimp 1 tail, natural mating, in bucket, put 5-6 piece arc tile as shrimp nest, the about 20cm of the depth of water, water temperature 20-25 DEG C, uninterrupted inflation, throw something and feed Macrobrachium rosenbergii shrimp material and hairtail piece carries out reinforced cultivating, the two days Macrobrachium rosenbergii shrimp material of often throwing something and feeding, then the one day hairtail piece of throwing something and feeding, cycle alternation is thrown something and fed, throw something and feed every day once, each feeding volume accounts for the 8-12% of shrimp body weight, every other day soil pick-up once, within 2-3 days, carry out 1.5m one time
3the stimulation by running water 20-30 minute of/h.
(3) shrimp with ovums is selected and is hatched
After combo completes, check once female shrimp oogenesis situation every 10 days, find, after shrimp with ovums, shrimp with ovums to be chosen, in 45L round tank, cultivate, put an arc tile for every barrel, the about 30cm of the depth of water, uninterruptedly inflation, water temperature remains on 20 DEG C-24 DEG C.September 28 to October 28, carry out altogether 5 shrimp with ovums inspections, obtain 105 tail shrimp with ovums, what wherein belong to family half sibs is 92 tails.In 30 days, average egg laying rate of red swamp is 44.2%, and the highest egg laying rate of red swamp of single combo is 100%, shows that the male shrimp of 1 tail can be that the female shrimp of 5 tail carries out natural insemination in 1 month, and average each combo produces 2.18 tail shrimp with ovums.Under the condition of water temperature 20-25 DEG C, shrimp with ovums is emerged through hatching in 17-30 days, has 77 tail shrimp with ovums and successfully hatches shrimp seedling, and hatching success is 72.74%.It is 304.56 tail ± 140.66 tails that single female shrimp hatches shrimp number, and in this test, juvenile prawn number is 681 tails to the maximum.
(4) juvenile shrimp cultivation
In the time having part juvenile prawn to leave parent in hatching pail (45L keg), bucket is gone to No. four 500L drums in greenhouse in the lump together with the female shrimp of oogenesis, shrimp, tile and (in bucket, put tile as shrimp nest, the about 20cm of the depth of water), when consistent with water temperature in drum in keg, then shrimp is proceeded to drum, after 2-3 days, in the time that shrimp leaves parent automatically, shrimp is counted, to female parent measure, sampling, frozen, and ready net sheet is put into drum, hide and climb for shrimp.It is formulated that the bait of juvenile shrimp cultivation adds a little spirulina powder, shell element etc. with Macrobrachium rosenbergii powder-material, wherein the amount of spirulina powder accounts for the 10-15% of Macrobrachium rosenbergii powder-material, the amount of shell element accounts for the 0.5-1% of Macrobrachium rosenbergii powder-material, throw something and feed every day once, a feeding volume accounts for the 0.5-1% of juvenile prawn body weight, during juvenile shrimp cultivation every 2 days soil pick-ups once, to ensure that water quality is pure and fresh, the new water of regular replenishment simultaneously, magnitude of recruitment is 10-20%.After 30 days cultivate, young specification can reach 1.8cm, and juvenile shrimp cultivation survival rate is 96.25% ± 2.58%(n=8), 2 monthly age shrimp seed rearing survival rates are 83% ± 11%.
(5) cultivate and cultivate with the pool for mark shrimp
After the juvenile shrimp cultivation of 60 days, the shrimp of each family is carried out to standardization cultivation and growth comparative trial, mainly be treated to that to choose parent clear and definite, juvenile prawn mantissa is more than 200, close family of the time of hatching is for test, test is carried out in (25 DEG C of water temperatures) 500L drum in greenhouse, depth of water 50cm, breeding density is 150 tail/buckets, in bucket, put tile as shrimp nest, and note according to the quantity of the growing state increase shrimp nest of shrimp, the Macrobrachium rosenbergii shrimp material of throwing something and feeding every day, a small amount of spiral shell meat of arranging in pairs or groups, the amount of spiral shell meat accounts for the 15-20% of Macrobrachium rosenbergii shrimp material, uninterrupted inflation, every 2 days soil pick-ups 1 time, and increase new water in good time.Juvenile prawn (21 DEG C of left and right) in greenhouse was cultivated and can carry out individual mark (totally 23 familys) at the beginning of 4 month, then carried out the cultivation of the same pool and family selective breeding; At the beginning of outdoor cultivation to 5 month, individual mark (totally 31 familys) be can carry out, then the cultivation of the same pool and family selective breeding carried out.This annual Procambius clarkii is carried out in Xi Long township, Anji with pool cultivation.
Embodiment 2
(1) parent's recapture and reinforced cultivating
Start Procambius clarkii family construction work on August 2nd, 2012, the shrimp cultivating with the pool in Anji of cultivation in 2011 is carried out to recapture, catch back altogether male shrimp 453 tails, female shrimp 416 tails.The one-tenth shrimp of recapture, after 10ppm potassium permanganate soaking disinfection, is placed in cement pit and cultivates, the mode of taking male and female to divide to put, and breeding density is about 40 tails/m
2, carry out antenatal reinforced cultivating taking Macrobrachium rosenbergii shrimp material, hairtail piece as bait.
(2) parent's combo
Therefrom select individual large, complete, the undamaged one-tenth of limbs shrimp as the parent who builds family on September 11st, 2012, selection rate is 17.26%.According to the method for Nested Design, the ratio of male and female 5:1 is carried out combo and directed mating, altogether 30 of combos.
(3) shrimp with ovums inspection and hatching
Through reinforced cultivating, September 28 to October 19,3 shrimp with ovums inspections (September 28, October 8, October 19) are carried out altogether, obtain 125 tail shrimp with ovums, egg laying rate of red swamp is 83.33%, and in combo, the combo of the whole oogenesis of female shrimp has 14, and average each combo produces 4.17 shrimp with ovums.
Single shrimp with ovums is placed in to 1 45L round tank and cultivates, depth of water 20cm, uninterruptedly inflation, the Macrobrachium rosenbergii shrimp material of throwing something and feeding, every day soil pick-up once, in case feed mold causes ovum generation saprolegniasis.At ambient temperature, shrimp with ovums is emerged through hatching in 17-30 days, has 110 tail shrimp with ovums and successfully hatches shrimp seedling, and hatching success is 88%.It is 264.24 ± 98.51 tails that single female shrimp hatches shrimp number.
According to hatching output of seedling >=150 tail, 66 familys of selecting and remain, familys more than 200 tails has 51.Build altogether 66 family full-sibses, wherein 64 is family half sibs, average each male parent 2.2 familys of selecting and remain.
(4) larval culture
Juvenile prawn is cultured to juvenile prawn and leaves parent, and shrimp is counted, and juvenile prawn is transferred to 500L Plastic Drum (130 cm x 73 cm x 65cm) and carries out larval culture., the female shrimp of oogenesis is sampled frozen meanwhile, analyze in order to later stage parent child relationship.Each family juvenile prawn is cultivated in 500L Plastic Drum, and water temperature 15-20 DEG C is placed in cultivation in a Plastic Drum, depth of water 20cm, uninterruptedly inflation.It is formulated that juvenile shrimp cultivation bait adds a little spirulina powder, shell element etc. with Macrobrachium rosenbergii powder-material, every 2 days during this time soil pick-ups once, to ensure that water quality is pure and fresh, the simultaneously new water of regular replenishment.For avoiding juvenile prawn to kill each other, and will clean and adequately disinfected 50-100cm
2a nylon wire net sheet and 5-6 tile is put into drum, hides and climbs for shrimp.
(5) cultivate and cultivate with the pool for mark shrimp
This year is cultivated 27 familys altogether in No. three greenhouses (water temperature remains on 20 DEG C of left and right), in 39 familys of outdoor cultivation.
data analysis and result
Carry out data processing with Excel and SAS8.0 statistical analysis software, use simple correlation and Multivariate Partial correlation analysis to carry out the correlation analysis between index, adopt ANOVA to carry out variance analysis and carry out multiple ratio compared with testing significance of difference by Duncan method.
the basic condition that Procambius clarkii family builds
The experiment of 2011 is total to 48 of combos, parent culture survival rate approximately 85%.September 28 to October 28, carry out altogether 5 shrimp with ovums inspections (September 28, October 8, October 13, October 18, October 28), obtain 105 tail shrimp with ovums, what wherein belong to paternal half-sib family is 92 tails.Average egg laying rate of red swamp (30 days) is 44.2%, and average each combo produces 2.18 tail shrimp with ovums, and the highest egg laying rate of red swamp of single combo is 100%, shows that the male shrimp of 1 tail can be that the female shrimp of 5 tail carries out natural insemination in 1 month.Under the condition of water temperature 20-25 DEG C, shrimp with ovums is emerged through hatching in 17-30 days, has 77 tail shrimp with ovums and successfully hatches shrimp seedling, and hatching success is 72.74%.Cultivated through 30 days, young specification reaches 1.8cm, and juvenile shrimp cultivation survival rate is 96.25% ± 2.58%(n=8).
the correlation analysis of the indexs such as juvenile prawn number and female, male shrimp body weight, body length
Hatching juvenile prawn number to each family is added up, and the mean value that known single female shrimp hatches shrimp number is 304.56 tail ± 140.66 tails, in this test, hatch juvenile prawn number maximum be 681 tails (juvenile prawn number and male and female shrimp index concrete condition are in tables 1).Carry out Multivariate Partial correlation analysis and show through the index such as juvenile prawn number and female, male shrimp body weight, body being grown to, through the indexs such as juvenile prawn number and female, male shrimp body weight, body be long being carried out to multiple correlation and partial Correlation Analysis shows, body weight, the body of Procambius clarkii juvenile prawn number and female shrimp grown, the be respectively-0.0578(p=0.6246 of Pearson partial correlation coefficient of body length), 0.1219(p=0.3008), 0.1387(p=0.2387); Be respectively-0.04366 (p=0.7257), 0.0844 (p=0.4972) ,-0.0692 (p=0.5777) with male shrimp body weight, body Pearson partial correlation coefficient long, body length.P value is all greater than 0.05, shows that the correlation of the indexs such as juvenile prawn number and female, male shrimp body weight, body be long is not remarkable, may other are index related larger with parent culture quality, sexual gland index, incubation rate etc.
table 1 family builds basic condition
| Family numbering | Output of seedling (tail) | Male shrimp body weight (g) | Male shrimp body long (cm) | Female shrimp body weight (g) | Female shrimp body long (cm) |
| 1 | 185 | 18.18 | 7.3 | 19.64 | 7.6 |
| 2 | 375 | 31.03 | 8.3 | 17.14 | 7.9 |
| 3 | 233 | — | — | 18.37 | 7.9 |
| 4 | 285 | 31.10 | 8.4 | 30.71 | 8.7 |
| 5 | 260 | 23.85 | 8.1 | 17.44 | 7.9 |
| 6 | 230 | 21.86 | 7.5 | 21.65 | 7.8 |
| 7 | 300 | 40.63 | 8.6 | 35.74 | 9.5 |
| 8 | 232 | 24.07 | 7.7 | 23.74 | 7.9 |
| 9 | 573 | 27.92 | 8.5 | 32.32 | 9 |
| 10 | 519 | 19.78 | 7.6 | 28.77 | 9 |
| 11 | 228 | 34.32 | 7.7 | 14.28 | 7.2 |
| 12 | 227 | 34.32 | 7.7 | 17.94 | 7.5 |
| 13 | 229 | 40.63 | 8.6 | 28.99 | 8.5 |
| 14 | 377 | 26.46 | 8.2 | 24.43 | 8.0 |
| 15 | 357 | 23.85 | 8.1 | 23.07 | 8.0 |
| 16 | 353 | 31.10 | 8.4 | 25.49 | 8.5 |
| 17 | 342 | 28.01 | 8.2 | 22.03 | 8.5 |
| 18 | 467 | — | — | 39.16 | 9.4 |
| 19 | 441 | 41.63 | 10.6 | 28.03 | 9.2 |
| 20 | 98 | 23.86 | 8.0 | 27.68 | 8.4 |
| 21 | 267 | 35.31 | 8.9 | 22.39 | 8.1 |
| 22 | 257 | 27.47 | 8.2 | 30.12 | 8.8 |
| 23 | 380 | 31.56 | 8.8 | 34.03 | 9.0 |
| 24 | 460 | 38.00 | 9.1 | 22.3 | 7.9 |
| 25 | 116 | 26.46 | 8.2 | — | — |
| 26 | 447 | 27.47 | 8.2 | 27.59 | 8.7 |
| 27 | 213 | 35.51 | 9.4 | 21.11 | 7.9 |
| 28 | 265 | 40.63 | 8.6 | 21.57 | 7.5 |
| 29 | 681 | 28.01 | 8.2 | 34.57 | 9.2 |
| 30 | 307 | 25.53 | 8.2 | 24.77 | 8.2 |
| 31 | 471 | 27.80 | 8.5 | 24.4 | 8.2 |
| 32 | 208 | 28.59 | 8.5 | 18.17 | 7.2 |
| 33 | 311 | 32.15 | 9.1 | 25.04 | 8.3 |
| 34 | 278 | 27.41 | 8.6 | 16.79 | 7.0 |
| 35 | 228 | 28.01 | 8.2 | 20.28 | 7.9 |
| 36 | 442 | 32.15 | 9.1 | 23.6 | 8.1 |
| 37 | 244 | 34.49 | 9.4 | 28.5 | 8.3 |
| 38 | 367 | 31.03 | 8.3 | 24.27 | 8.9 |
| 39 | 548 | — | — | 32.2 | 9.0 |
| 40 | 128 | 27.03 | 8.0 | 26.44 | 8.5 |
| 41 | 456 | — | — | 27.76 | 8.9 |
| 42 | 451 | 35.51 | 9.4 | 24.5 | 7.9 |
| 43 | 195 | 35.51 | 9.4 | 30.1 | 8.4 |
| 44 | 392 | 20.65 | 7.4 | 24.56 | 7.7 |
| 45 | 286 | 32.69 | 9.1 | 22.79 | 7.9 |
| 46 | 437 | 27.41 | 8.6 | 23.86 | 7.9 |
| 47 | 96 | 34.49 | 9.4 | 24.68 | 8.2 |
| 48 | 307 | 34.49 | 9.4 | 23.25 | 7.8 |
| 49 | 366 | — | — | 19.32 | 7.9 |
| 50 | 190 | 28.59 | 8.5 | 25.31 | 8.4 |
| 51 | 115 | 41.63 | 10.6 | 19.96 | 7.5 |
| 52 | 28 | 20.65 | 7.4 | 22.82 | 7.6 |
| 53 | 233 | 18.18 | 7.3 | 20.14 | 7.4 |
| 54 | 104 | 35.31 | 8.9 | 16.20 | 7.2 |
| 55 | 116 | 32.11 | 9.0 | 36.81 | 9.1 |
| 56 | 208 | 27.41 | 8.6 | 33.45 | 8.8 |
| 57 | 330 | 51.85 | 10.1 | 21.59 | 7.9 |
| 58 | 67 | — | — | 18.39 | 7.4 |
| 59 | 79 | 26.46 | 8.2 | 19.69 | 7.4 |
| 60 | 120 | 38.00 | 9.1 | 24.36 | 8.0 |
| 61 | 409 | 19.78 | 7.6 | 21.82 | 7.6 |
| 62 | 437 | 24.07 | 7.7 | 28.97 | 8.9 |
| 63 | 197 | — | — | 25.02 | 8.2 |
| 64 | 504 | 20.65 | 7.4 | 27.13 | 8.3 |
| 65 | 114 | 35.07 | 8.9 | 32.90 | 9.7 |
| 66 | 528 | 38.00 | 9.1 | 21.18 | 7.9 |
| 67 | 316 | 30.18 | 8.8 | 28.21 | 8.7 |
| 68 | 394 | 18.18 | 7.3 | 21.73 | 8.3 |
| 69 | 505 | 47.42 | 10.0 | 39.78 | 9.5 |
| 70 | 169 | 27.03 | 8.0 | 20.46 | 8.2 |
| 71 | 386 | 32.15 | 9.1 | 22.1 | 8.4 |
| 72 | 38 | 23.85 | 8.1 | 27.90 | 8.5 |
| 73 | 199 | 51.85 | 10.1 | 18.20 | 7.4 |
| 74 | 301 | 38.34 | 9.2 | 25.01 | 8.4 |
| 75 | 341 | 34.49 | 9.4 | 32.43 | 9.2 |
| 76 | 565 | 32.69 | 9.1 | 33.46 | 8.3 |
| 77 | 294 | 26.46 | 8.2 | 28.69 | 8.37 |
| Mean value | 304.56±140.66 | 30.69±7.37 | 8.56±0.77 | 25.12±5.60 | 8.24±0.62 |
Note: "-" represents shortage of data.
correlation analysis between breeding density and 2 monthly age survival rates
The cultivation initial stage (2 months), the breeding density of different family juvenile prawns is different (in table 1), to wherein breeding density and the 2 monthly age cultivating survival rates of 54 familys carry out statistical analysis, show that 2 monthly age shrimp seed rearing survival rates are 82.63% ± 10.76% (n=54), carry out simple correlation and regression analysis to cultivating between density (tail/bucket) and shrimp seed rearing (2 monthly age) survival rate, analysis show that Pearson correlation coefficient is-0.094(p=0.4987 between the two), show that both are negative correlation, but in the density in the time that this test is grown seedlings, (≤681 tail/bucket) both correlations are not remarkable.
early growth comparative result between family
23 family full-sibses of this experimental selection (wherein 15 of family half sibses), in greenhouse, carry out juvenile prawn cultivation, the survival rate of cultivation is 39% ± 8%, the coefficient of variation that cultivates survival rate between each family is 20.51%, wherein family 37 cultivates survival rate the highest (51.33%), and family 36 cultivates survival rate minimum (23.33%).Different family juvenile prawn growth comparative results are specifically in table 2.
the different family early growth of table 2 contrast table
Note: the subscript of same row represents significant difference (p=0.05) without same letter
In table 2, the long multiple ratio of body shows, three the fastest familys of growing are family 36, family 15 and family 8, and three the slowest familys of growing are family 37, family 38 and family 17.Body weight multiple ratio shows, three the fastest familys of growing are family 36, family 13 and family 15, and three the slowest familys of growing are family 37, family 38 and family 17.Most family juvenile prawn growth differences are not obvious, but between the family that growth is the fastest and growth is the slowest, growth differences is obvious.
The long coefficient of variation of each family endosome and the coefficient of variation of body weight are analyzed, and result shows, the long coefficient of variation of family endosome is less, and body weight coefficient of variation is larger.Contrast coefficient of variation between different familys known, the family of the long coefficient of variation minimum of body is family 32, is 18.05%, and maximum is family 1, is 34.46%; The family of Body Weight Variation coefficient minimum is family 32, is 75.70%, and maximum is family 17, is 189.66%.
By each family respectively and survival rate long by body weight, body carry out descending, find family 2 and family 14, before all coming ten, tentatively judge that thus the juvenile prawn growth traits of these two familys is better in three kinds of arrangement modes.
Claims (7)
1. the method that Procambius clarkii family is set up, is characterized in that by following processing step:
1) parent's selection and cultivation
The Procambius clarkii returning from buying, select that individuality is large, appendage is complete, the stronger close shrimp of vigor is as alternative close shrimp, wherein male shrimp body weight is more than or equal to 30g/ tail, female shrimp body weight is more than or equal to 25g/ tail, the mode that adopts male and female separately to put in a suitable place to breed is cultivated in greenhouse cement pit, and breeding density is 40 tails/m
2, water temperature 20-25 DEG C, uninterruptedly inflation, the nurturing period alternately throws something and feeds with Macrobrachium rosenbergii shrimp material and hairtail piece;
2) parent's combo and cultivation
Adopt directed mating method to carry out combo, male and female shrimp ratio is 5:1, every group of parent after combo supported respectively temporarily in indoor culture bucket, natural mating, puts 5-6 piece arc tile as shrimp nest, water temperature 20-25 DEG C in bucket, uninterrupted inflation, throw something and feed during supporting temporarily Macrobrachium rosenbergii shrimp material and hairtail piece carries out reinforced cultivating, and every two days soil pick-ups once, carry out 1.5m for 2-3 days one time
3the stimulation by running water 10-20 minute of/h;
3) shrimp with ovums is selected and is hatched
After combo completes, check once female shrimp oogenesis situation every 10 days, find, after shrimp with ovums, shrimp with ovums to be chosen, every shrimp with ovums is put into separately hatching pail and is cultivated; Put an arc tile for every barrel, inner bucket water remains on 25-35cm deeply, uninterruptedly inflation, 20 DEG C-24 DEG C of water temperatures;
4) juvenile shrimp cultivation
While having part juvenile prawn to leave parent in hatching pail, hatching pail is proceeded in 500L drum in the lump together with the female shrimp of oogenesis, in the time that drum is consistent with water temperature in hatching pail, again shrimp is proceeded to drum, after 2-3 days, when shrimp leaves parent automatically, shrimp is counted, to female parent measure, sampling, frozen, and ready net sheet is put into drum, hide and climb for shrimp, during juvenile shrimp cultivation, bait is taking Macrobrachium rosenbergii powder-material as main, add spirulina powder and shell element, soil pick-up once, supplements new water immediately after soil pick-up every three days simultaneously; Magnitude of recruitment is 10-20%;
5) cultivate and cultivate with the pool for mark shrimp
Juvenile prawn is after two months cultivate, choose that parent is clear and definite, juvenile prawn mantissa is more than 200, close family of the time of hatching is carried out standardization cultivation and growth comparative trial, juvenile prawn is after standardization cultivation, carry out individual mark, after individual mark, carry out the cultivation of the same pool and family selective breeding.
2. the method that a kind of Procambius clarkii family according to claim 1 is set up, it is characterized in that in described step 1) that Macrobrachium rosenbergii shrimp material and hairtail piece are are alternately thrown something and fed refers to the Macrobrachium rosenbergii shrimp material of often the throwing something and feeding hairtail piece of throwing something and feeding for 2-3 days a time, throw something and feed every day once, a feeding volume is the 8%-12% of shrimp body weight.
3. the method that a kind of Procambius clarkii family according to claim 1 is set up, is characterized in that described step 2) the middle bucket of cultivating is for 500L white rectangular plastic charging basket, and inner bucket water position remains on 18-25cm.
4. the method that a kind of Procambius clarkii family according to claim 1 is set up, is characterized in that in described step 3), hatching pail is 45L round tank.
5. the method that a kind of Procambius clarkii family according to claim 1 is set up, the amount that it is characterized in that the spirulina powder adding in described step 4) is the 10-15% of Macrobrachium rosenbergii powder-material, the amount of shell element is the 0.5-1% of Macrobrachium rosenbergii powder-material, throw something and feed every day once, feeding volume is the 0.5-1% of juvenile prawn body weight.
6. the method that a kind of Procambius clarkii family according to claim 1 is set up, it is characterized in that the cultivation of described step 5) Playsization refers to puts juvenile prawn in a suitable place to breed in greenhouse in 500L drum, 25 DEG C of water temperatures, water level remains on 45-55cm, and breeding density is 150 tail/buckets, in bucket, place tile as shrimp nest and net sheet, the throw something and feed every day compound of Macrobrachium rosenbergii shrimp material and spiral shell meat, uninterruptedly inflation, soil pick-up is once every three days, after soil pick-up, supplement new water, magnitude of recruitment is 10-20%.
7. the method that a kind of Procambius clarkii family according to claim 6 is set up, is characterized in that the weight of spiral shell meat in described compound accounts for the 15-20% of Macrobrachium rosenbergii shrimp material weight.
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| CN104430069A (en) * | 2014-09-24 | 2015-03-25 | 全椒县花溪湖特种水产合作社 | Cray indoor artificial reproduction method |
| CN106332819B (en) * | 2016-03-09 | 2019-05-03 | 杨九祥 | A kind of method of Macrobrachium rosenbergii and the efficient alternate culture of cray |
| CN109006602A (en) * | 2017-06-08 | 2018-12-18 | 新疆中科海水产科技股份有限公司 | A kind of method and device of crab apartment breeding red claw crayfish |
| CN108338106A (en) * | 2018-02-13 | 2018-07-31 | 深圳市福田区动物防疫监督所 | The cultural method of cray |
| CN108522383A (en) * | 2018-04-26 | 2018-09-14 | 海南归耘田农业科技有限公司 | A kind of breeding method keeping Procambius clarkii merit |
| CN109197711B (en) * | 2018-07-09 | 2021-10-12 | 岳西县悠然生态农业有限公司 | Method for artificially breeding procambarus clarkii in soil pond |
| CN111528152A (en) * | 2020-06-02 | 2020-08-14 | 广西壮族自治区水产科学研究院 | Breeding method for crayfish rapid growth strain |
| CN111685067A (en) * | 2020-06-10 | 2020-09-22 | 中国水产科学研究院 | Freshwater shrimp population compound breeding method |
| CN114223591B (en) * | 2021-12-14 | 2023-02-24 | 浙江省淡水水产研究所 | Method suitable for large-scale family construction of red swamp crayfish and matched culture facility |
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| CN101856000B (en) * | 2010-06-24 | 2011-11-16 | 浙江省淡水水产研究所 | Procambrus clarkii indoor artificial propagation method |
| CN102986564A (en) * | 2012-10-12 | 2013-03-27 | 淮安正昌饲料有限公司 | Cement pit breeding method of langoustine |
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