CN109287526B - Method for domesticating and pre-germinating sepia esculenta parents - Google Patents
Method for domesticating and pre-germinating sepia esculenta parents Download PDFInfo
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- CN109287526B CN109287526B CN201811111144.9A CN201811111144A CN109287526B CN 109287526 B CN109287526 B CN 109287526B CN 201811111144 A CN201811111144 A CN 201811111144A CN 109287526 B CN109287526 B CN 109287526B
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- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 241000851180 Palaemon carinicauda Species 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000019733 Fish meal Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004467 fishmeal Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- CPKVUHPKYQGHMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenylpyrrolidin-2-one;molecular iodine Chemical compound II.C=CN1CCCC1=O CPKVUHPKYQGHMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920000153 Povidone-iodine Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 229960001621 povidone-iodine Drugs 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- JLPULHDHAOZNQI-ZTIMHPMXSA-N 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC JLPULHDHAOZNQI-ZTIMHPMXSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 10
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- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000021323 fish oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000006041 probiotic Substances 0.000 claims description 10
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- 241000442132 Lactarius lactarius Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000388 Polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 claims description 6
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229930003268 Vitamin C Natural products 0.000 claims description 6
- ZAKOWWREFLAJOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N d-alpha-Tocopheryl acetate Natural products CC(=O)OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C ZAKOWWREFLAJOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
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- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
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- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940042585 tocopherol acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 compound vitamin Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000015099 wheat brans Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000014161 Caesalpinia gilliesii Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 244000003240 Caesalpinia gilliesii Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 241001663378 Sepiella maindroni Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 241001663395 Sepiella Species 0.000 description 12
- 241000238366 Cephalopoda Species 0.000 description 3
- 241000229375 Palaemon Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- OBMZMSLWNNWEJA-XNCRXQDQSA-N C1=CC=2C(C[C@@H]3NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](NC(=O)N(CC#CCN(CCCC[C@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](CC4=CC=CC=C4)NC3=O)C(=O)N)CC=C)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)C)CC3=CNC4=C3C=CC=C4)C)=CNC=2C=C1 Chemical compound C1=CC=2C(C[C@@H]3NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](NC(=O)N(CC#CCN(CCCC[C@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](CC4=CC=CC=C4)NC3=O)C(=O)N)CC=C)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)C)CC3=CNC4=C3C=CC=C4)C)=CNC=2C=C1 OBMZMSLWNNWEJA-XNCRXQDQSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
- A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/189—Enzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/30—Oligoelements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for domesticating and advancing the seedling emergence of sepia esculenta parents, which comprises the steps of selecting and transforming a domesticating pond; selecting and modifying an incubation pool; the exopalaemon carinicauda is automatically bred; selecting and stocking parents; collecting eggs; (6) temporary raising and centralized hatching of fertilized eggs; the mysid is bred automatically; and (5) breeding young black. The method of the invention fully utilizes the shrimp and crab breeding workshops and the breeding soil ponds which are idle in autumn and winter, better solves the problem of limiting the parent sources of the artificial breeding of the sepia esculenta, utilizes the ecological complementarity of the sepia esculenta parent and the exopalaemon carinicauda, and the young black shrimps and the mysorethorn shrimps to carry out parent domestication and young black shrimp breeding, and the hatching pond can meet the requirements of fertilized egg hatching on water quality, and has simple technical operation. The exopalaemon carinicauda and the mysid have very strong reproduction and growth capacity, can be continuously reproduced for one year, and meet the requirements of parents and young inkfish on live baits, thereby realizing the aims of high yield, high efficiency and environmental protection and providing enough offspring seeds for the pond culture of the sepiella maindroni.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a parent breeding and seedling breeding method for aquatic animals, in particular to a parent domestication and early seedling emergence method for sepia esculenta.
Background
The artificial breeding of the sepia esculenta is just started in the northern provinces such as Liaoning, Shandong, Jiangsu and the like, and the smooth breeding of the sepia esculenta is limited by the great supply of sepia esculenta seedlings. The northern province is cold in winter, and often encounters irregular or/and long-time low temperature, the seawater temperature can be reduced to about 0 ℃, and the cultured sepiella esculenta is difficult to successfully live through the winter. If measures can be taken to ensure that the seedlings can live through the winter safely and emerge in advance before and after the spring festival, the profit is quite rich. Under normal conditions, the sepia esculenta fries can be caught in 6-7 months, and only 3 months are spent in the pond culture period, so that the sepia esculenta cannot reach the ideal specification. If the sepia esculenta cultured in the pond overwintering indoors can obtain the seeds required by artificial culture in the next 3-4 months, and the pond culture period of the sepia esculenta can be as long as 6 months. Adult and young sepiella esculenta like to eat live baits, the water in the fertilized egg hatching pond needs to be clear, the popularization of the sepiella esculenta variety is greatly limited, and a high-yield, high-efficiency and environment-friendly sepiella esculenta parent domestication and fry breeding mode is urgently needed by the society to solve the problems of baits and water quality in the sepiella esculenta parent domestication and fry breeding processes.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of the prior art and provides a method for domesticating and advancing the fry of sepia esculenta, which utilizes the ecological complementarity of the sepia esculenta and palaemon carinicauda and young black shrimp to domesticate and cultivate the parent and the young black shrimp, and the hatching pond can meet the requirements of fertilized egg hatching on water quality and has simple operation.
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is achieved by the following technical means. The invention relates to a method for domesticating and advancing the seedling emergence of sepia esculenta parents, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting and transforming a domesticating pond; the domestication pond is selected and transformed into a common soil pond with the area of 100-200 m2And (3) setting up a double-layer heat-preservation and heat-insulation greenhouse above the soil pond with the water depth of 2-3 m, and laying a stainless steel heating pipeline and a micropore oxygenation pipeline at the bottom of the pond.
(2) Selecting and modifying an incubation pool; the hatching pond is selected and transformed into a shrimp and crab seedling raising workshop with the hatching pond idle in autumn and winter, and the area of the cement pond is 20-60 m2And paving a layer of fine sand with the thickness of 5-10 cm at the bottom of the pool, wherein the granularity of the fine sand is 0.1-1.0 mm.
(3) The exopalaemon carinicauda is automatically bred; stocking 2-3.5 g of exopalaemon carinicauda in a domesticating pond in 9-10 months, wherein the density of the exopalaemon carinicauda is 3-5 tails/m2The bait is self-bred to be used as parent domesticating bait for the sepia esculenta, and during the period, the exopalaemon carinicauda is fed with strengthening bait, and the bait comprises the following components:
15-30% of fish paste protein powder and 4-8% of mixed oil
10-20% of Russian white fish meal and 2-4% of enhanced fish oil
10-20% of fermented soybean meal and 2-4% of shrimp compound vitamin
5-10% of sleeve-fish powder and 2-4% of compound enzyme preparation
5-10% of selenium-enriched yeast and 0.5-1% of vitamin C polyphosphate
5-10% of wheat middling and 0.5-1% of vitamin E acetate
5-10% of fermented corn and 0.5-1% of antibacterial peptide
Soybean lecithin 4-8%, probiotic lactic acid bacteria 0.1-0.2%;
(4) selecting and stocking parents; collecting artificially cultured or wild sepia esculenta healthy parents in 10-11 months, putting the sepia esculenta healthy parents into a domestication pond for fattening, and using 2 multiplied by 10 before putting the sepia esculenta healthy parents into the domestication pond-5~5×10-5The povidone iodine is soaked for 5 to 10min, and the stocking density is 1 to 3 pieces/m2The water temperature is 14-20 ℃;
(5) collecting eggs; after the parents are domesticated for 90-120 days, suspending meshes in a domestication pool to collect eggs, and immersing the meshes full of eggs in 0.5 multiplied by 10-5~1×10-5Disinfecting the povidone iodine solution for 5-10 min, and then transferring the solution to a hatching pool for centralized hatching;
(6) temporary raising and centralized hatching of fertilized eggs; the temporary culture water temperature of the fertilized eggs is 17-20 ℃, and the number of the mesh pieces and eggs in the hatching pond reaches 100-200 eggs/m2Performing centralized incubation at the temperature of 24-27 ℃ for 15-20 days；
(7) The mysid is bred automatically; self-breeding mysid by using a domestication pond 3-5 days before emergence of seedlings, wherein the stocking density of the mysid is 100-200/m2Feeding mysid reinforced bait at the water temperature of 21-24 ℃ in the period, wherein the bait comprises the following components:
15-30% of cod fish meal and 3-6% of fermented vinasse
10-20% of domestic fish meal and 2-4% of enhanced fish oil
10-20% of fermented soybean meal and 2-4% of shrimp compound vitamin
10-20% of fermented wheat bran and 2-4% of complex enzyme preparation
5-10% of wheat middling and 1-2% of shrimp compound polymineral
5-10% of fermented corn and 0.5-1% of antibacterial peptide
Soybean lecithin 4-8%, probiotic lactic acid bacteria 0.1-0.2%;
(8) breeding young black; directly transferring the young black-bone to a domestication pond for cultivation after the young black-bone is hatched, completing the cultivation of the young black-bone after the cultivation water temperature is 21-24 ℃ and 30-40 days, and selling the young black-bone out of the pond.
The invention relates to a method for domesticating and advancing the seedling emergence of sepia esculenta parents, which adopts the following preferred technical scheme that: the domestication pond is selected and transformed into a common soil pond with an area of 150m2And the water depth is 2.5m, a double-layer heat-preservation and heat-insulation greenhouse is built on the soil pond, and a stainless steel heating pipeline and a micropore oxygenation pipeline are laid at the bottom of the pond.
The invention relates to a method for domesticating and advancing the seedling emergence of sepia esculenta parents, which adopts the following preferred technical scheme that: the hatching pond is selected and transformed into a shrimp and crab seedling raising workshop with the hatching pond idle in autumn and winter, and the area of the cement pond is 40m2And a layer of fine sand with the thickness of 8cm is paved at the bottom of the pool, and the granularity of the fine sand is 0.5 mm.
The invention relates to a method for domesticating and advancing the seedling emergence of sepia esculenta parents, which adopts the following preferred technical scheme that: the exopalaemon carinicauda is bred by self in a domestication pond for 9-10 months, the weight of the exopalaemon carinicauda is 2.5-3.0 g, and the density is 4 tails/m2The sepia esculenta is self-bred to be used as parent domesticating bait, and during the period, the exopalaemon carinicauda is fed with intensified bait, and the bait is composed ofThe following:
fish paste protein powder 20.6%, mixed oil 6%
Russian white fish meal 15% and reinforced fish oil 3%
13 percent of fermented soybean meal and 3 percent of compound multivitamin for shrimps
8% of sleeve-fish powder and 3% of compound enzyme preparation
Selenium-enriched yeast 6% and vitamin C polyphosphate 0.7%
Wheat middling 8% and vitamin E acetate 0.8%
7 percent of fermented corn and 0.8 percent of antibacterial peptide
Soybean lecithin 5% and probiotic lactic acid bacteria 0.1%.
The invention relates to a method for domesticating and advancing the seedling emergence of sepia esculenta parents, which adopts the following preferred technical scheme that: the parent selection and stocking are carried out in 10-11 months, artificially cultured or wild healthy sepia esculenta parents are collected and put into a domestication pond for fattening, and before the sepia esculenta parents are put into the domestication pond, 3 multiplied by 10 is used for fattening-5Soaking in povidone iodine for 6min, and breeding at a density of 2/m2And the water temperature is 16 ℃.
The invention relates to a method for domesticating and advancing the seedling emergence of sepia esculenta parents, which adopts the following preferred technical scheme that: the egg collecting is that after the parents are domesticated for 105d, net sheets are hung in a domestication pool to collect eggs, and the net sheets full of eggs are soaked in 0.8 multiplied by 10-5The povidone iodine solution is sterilized for 7min and then transferred to a hatching pool for centralized hatching.
The invention relates to a method for domesticating and advancing the seedling emergence of sepia esculenta parents, which adopts the following preferred technical scheme that: the temporary culture and centralized incubation of the fertilized eggs are carried out at the temperature of 18 ℃ so that the temporary culture water temperature of the fertilized eggs is 18 ℃, and the number of the mesh pieces of eggs in the hatching pond reaches 150 grains/m2Performing centralized incubation at 25 deg.C for 18 days.
The invention relates to a method for domesticating and advancing the seedling emergence of sepia esculenta parents, which adopts the following preferred technical scheme that: the young black-bone cultivation is that the young black-bone is directly transferred to a domestication pond for cultivation after being hatched, the temperature of cultivation water is 22 ℃, and the young black-bone is discharged from the pond for sale after 35 days.
The method of the invention utilizes the ecological complementarity of the sepia esculenta parents and the exopalaemon carinicauda, and the young black shrimps and the myxomythic shrimps to carry out the parent domestication and the young black shrimp cultivation, and the hatching pond can meet the requirements of fertilized egg hatching on water quality. In the process of domesticating the parent of the sepia esculenta, the palaemon carincauda can be fed, the breeding and growth capacity of the palaemon carincauda is very strong, the palaemon esculenta can be continuously bred for one year, one life cycle can be completed in 2-3 months, and the requirement of the parent of the sepia esculenta on live baits is met; similarly, the mysid is very strong in breeding and growing capacity, can be continuously bred for one year, can complete a life cycle within 1-2 months, and meets the requirements of young black-fishes on live baits, so that the aims of high yield, high efficiency and environmental protection are fulfilled, and the requirements of the conventional method for domesticating and early-stage emergence of sepia esculenta parents are met.
(1) The palaemon carinicauda is favorite bait for the golden cuttlefish, has very strong reproduction and growth capacity, provides sufficient nutrition for the parent of the golden cuttlefish through bait reinforcement, is beneficial to the recovery of the physical strength of the cuttlefish, enhances the cold resistance and disease resistance, solves the problems of insufficient or excessive bait for the golden cuttlefish in the domestication process, ink jetting and fattening water quality deterioration of the golden cuttlefish and the like caused by insufficient or excessive bait, and is beneficial to overwintering and oviposition of the parent.
(2) Through the transformation of the domestication pond, the water depth is deepened, and a double-layer heat-preservation and heat-insulation greenhouse is built, so that the water temperature of the domestication pond is ensured, and the domestication of parents, the self-propagation of palaemon carinicauda and mysis laturensis, the cultivation of young black shrimps and the like are facilitated.
(3) The mysid is favorite bait of the young wu, has very strong reproduction and growth capacity, provides sufficient nutrition for the young wu through bait reinforcement, and is beneficial to the growth and survival of the young wu.
(4) The sepiella esculenta has the sand-hiding habit, and a layer of fine sand is paved at the bottom of the hatching pool, so that the water quality is favorably purified, a quiet inhabitation environment and a hidden space are provided for the young squid which is hatched for the first time, and the disease resistance of the young squid is improved.
(5) By cultivating and strengthening the live baits of the palaemon carinicauda and the mysid, the freshness of the baits of the parents and the larvae is ensured, the water quality is not polluted, the baits can be freely ingested, the rest baits can be automatically propagated, the stability and the sustainability of the baits are ensured, and the influence of the weather and the like on the bait supply is avoided.
(6) By cultivating the mysid and the young black shrimps, the secondary utilization of the parent domestication pond is realized, and meanwhile, the hatching pond can be vacated for breeding the shrimp and crab spring seedlings, so that a new growth point is provided for enterprises.
(7) The intensified mysid feeding technology better solves the problems of blackening and smelling of sand layers at the bottom of the hatching pond, worsening of culture water quality and the like.
(8) The indoor overwintering of the sepia esculenta is carried out by utilizing the idle shrimp and crab seedling raising workshop in autumn and winter, the seedling emergence is realized in advance in the next year, and the idle shrimp and crab seedling raising workshop can be fully utilized.
(9) The water temperature range of 14-20 ℃ is very suitable for overwintering and ingestion of the sepia esculenta, the sepia esculenta hardly ingests food below 14 ℃, and the sepia esculenta easily dies when the temperature is above 20 ℃.
(10) Through each disinfection link, the environment for parent domestication, fertilized egg incubation and larva cultivation is excellent.
Detailed Description
The following further describes particular embodiments of the present invention to facilitate further understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, and does not constitute a limitation to the right thereof.
Embodiment 1, a method for domesticating and advancing the emergence of sepia esculenta parents, comprising the steps of: (1) selecting and transforming a domesticating pond; the domestication pond is selected and transformed into a common soil pond with the area of 100 m2And when the water depth is 2m, a double-layer heat-preservation and heat-insulation greenhouse is built on the soil pond, and a stainless steel heating pipeline and a micropore oxygenation pipeline are laid at the bottom of the pond.
(2) Selecting and modifying an incubation pool; the hatching pond is selected and transformed into a shrimp and crab seedling raising workshop with the hatching pond idle in autumn and winter, and the area of the cement pond is 20m2And a layer of fine sand with the thickness of 5 cm is paved at the bottom of the pool, and the granularity of the fine sand is 0.1 mm.
(3) The exopalaemon carinicauda is automatically bred; stocking 2 g of exopalaemon carinicauda in a domestication pond in 9-10 months, wherein the density of the exopalaemon carinicauda is 3 tails/m2The bait is self-bred to be used as parent domesticating bait for the sepia esculenta, and during the period, the exopalaemon carinicauda is fed with strengthening bait, and the bait comprises the following components:
fish paste protein powder 17.8% and mixed oil 4%
Russian white fish meal 10% and reinforced fish oil 2%
20 percent of fermented soybean meal and 2 percent of shrimp compound multivitamin
Squid meal 7% and compound enzyme preparation 4%
Selenium-enriched yeast 8% and vitamin C polyphosphate 0.5%
Wheat middling 5% vitamin E acetate 0.5%
Fermented corn 10% and antibacterial peptide 1%
Soybean lecithin 8% and probiotic lactic acid bacteria 0.2%;
(4) selecting and stocking parents; collecting artificially cultured or wild sepia esculenta healthy parents in 10-11 months, putting the sepia esculenta healthy parents into a domestication pond for fattening, and using 2 multiplied by 10 before putting the sepia esculenta healthy parents into the domestication pond-5Soaking povidone iodine for 5 min, and breeding at a density of 1/m2The water temperature is 14 ℃;
(5) collecting eggs; after 90 days domestication, the parents are hung in a domestication pool to collect the eggs, and the net sheets full of eggs are soaked in 0.5 multiplied by 10-5Sterilizing the povidone iodine solution for 5 min, and then transferring the solution to a hatching pool for centralized hatching;
(6) temporary raising and centralized hatching of fertilized eggs; the temporary culture water temperature of the fertilized eggs is 17 ℃, and the number of the mesh pieces and the eggs in the hatching pond reaches 100 grains/m2Performing centralized incubation, wherein the temperature of centralized incubation water is 24 ℃, and seedlings emerge in 15 days;
(7) the mysid is bred automatically; self-breeding mysid by using a domestication pond 3 days before emergence of seedlings, wherein the stocking density of the mysid is 100/m2Feeding mysid reinforced bait at the water temperature of 21 ℃ in the period, wherein the bait comprises the following components:
cod fish meal 24.4% fermented lees 3%
10% of domestic fish meal and 4% of enhanced fish oil
10% of fermented soybean meal and 4% of shrimp compound multivitamin
Fermented wheat bran 10% and complex enzyme preparation 4%
10 percent of wheat middling and 2 percent of shrimp compound polymineral
Fermented corn 10% and antibacterial peptide 0.5%
Soybean lecithin 8% and probiotic lactic acid bacteria 0.1%;
(8) breeding young black; directly transferring the young black-bone to a domestication pond for cultivation after the young black-bone is hatched, wherein the cultivation water temperature is 21 ℃, completing the cultivation of the young black-bone after 30 days, and selling the young black-bone out of the pond.
Example 2 a method experiment for domesticating and advancing the emergence of sepia esculenta parents:
experiment time address: and in 2017-2018, the seedlings are grown in large slab bridge soil ponds and indoor seedling growing workshops in cloud areas.
The experimental process comprises the following steps: stocking 2.5-3.5 g of exopalaemon carinicauda in a 9-15-month-old domesticating pond in 2017, wherein the density of the exopalaemon carinicauda is 4 tails/m2The bait is self-bred to be used as parent domesticating bait for the sepia esculenta, and during the period, the exopalaemon carinicauda is fed with strengthening bait, and the bait comprises the following components:
17.9 percent of fish paste protein powder and 5 percent of mixed oil
Russian white fish meal 15% and reinforced fish oil 3%
15 percent of fermented soybean meal and 3 percent of compound multivitamin for shrimps
8% of sleeve-fish powder and 3% of compound enzyme preparation
Selenium-enriched yeast 8% and vitamin C polyphosphate 0.5%
Wheat middling 10% and vitamin E acetate 1%
Fermented corn 5% and antibacterial peptide 0.5%
Soybean lecithin 5% and probiotic lactic acid bacteria 0.1%.
The main nutritional components (dry weight) of the bait of the invention are analyzed as follows:
| crude protein/%) | Crude fat/%) | Carbohydrate/% |
| 58.49 | 15.54 | 14.06 |
Collecting the healthy parents of offshore wild sepia esculenta in 10 months and 16 days-10 months and 21 days, putting the healthy parents into a domestication pond for fattening, and using 3 multiplied by 10 before putting the healthy parents into the pond-5Soaking in povidone iodine for 6min, and breeding at a density of 2/m2The total number of 300 parents and the water temperature is 14-20 ℃ (the related temperature generally refers to the water temperature measured at 10:00 in the morning). After the parents are domesticated for 106 days, namely 2 months and 2 days in 2018, hanging meshes to collect eggs in a domestication pool, and immersing the meshes full of eggs in 0.7 multiplied by 10-5The povidone iodine solution is sterilized for 8 min and then transferred to a hatching pool for centralized hatching. The water depth of a sand layer at the bottom of the hatching pond is maintained at 200 cm, a stainless steel heating pipeline and a micropore oxygenation pipeline are laid 5-10 cm above fine sand, the temporary culture water temperature of fertilized eggs is 17-20 ℃, and the number of net pieces and eggs in the hatching pond reaches 150-160 grains/m2Carrying out centralized hatching.
And 8 days 2 and 8 in 2018, the hatching pond starts to incubate intensively, the water temperature is 24-27 ℃, and seedlings emerge in 26 days 2 and 26 days after 18 days. Self-breeding mysid by using a domestication pond 4 days before emergence of seedlings, namely 22 days in 2 months, wherein the stocking density of mysid is 150-160/m2Feeding mysid reinforced bait at the water temperature of 21-24 ℃ in the period, wherein the bait comprises the following components:
cod fish meal 24.4% fermented lees 4%
Domestic fish meal 15% and reinforced fish oil 3%
15 percent of fermented soybean meal and 3 percent of compound multivitamin for shrimps
Fermented wheat bran 15% and complex enzyme preparation 3%
5 percent of wheat middling and 1 percent of shrimp compound polymineral
Fermented corn 5% and antibacterial peptide 0.5%
Soybean lecithin 6% and probiotic lactic acid bacteria 0.1%
The main nutritional components (dry weight) of the bait of the invention are analyzed as follows:
| crude protein/%) | Crude fat/%) | Carbohydrate/% |
| 38.42 | 11.15 | 31.13 |
Directly transferring the young black-bone to a domestication pond for cultivation after hatching, wherein the temperature of cultivation water is 21-24 ℃, and after 35 days, the young black-bone is discharged from a No. 2 pond for sale in 4 months.
Healthy offshore wild sepia esculenta parents are collected from 10 months, 16 days to 10 months, 21 days and put into a domestication pond to be fattened, the weight of each parent is 150-175 g, the number of the parents is 300, 46 parents die after being domesticated for 106 days, the survival rate of domestication of the parents is 84.67%, and the average weight (315 +/-37) g/parent is realized, so that successful spawning is realized. The area of the hatching pond is 210 m2About 3.2 ten thousand fertilized eggs are hatched, about 2.5 ten thousand young black-silks are hatched, and about 1.7 ten thousand young black-silks are bred in the domestication pond.
The experiment utilizes an idle shrimp soil pond greenhouse to perform overwintering of the sepiella esculenta and perform temporary fertilized egg culture and centralized hatching in an idle shrimp and crab seedling raising pond, and self-breeding palaemon carinicauda and mysid are adopted to perform parent and larva feeding, so that the problems of blackening and smelling of the soil pond, deterioration of culture water quality and source of sepiella esculenta seedlings in the sepiella esculenta culture process are solved, the bottleneck problem of limiting the source of sepiella esculenta pond culture seedlings is solved, the culture period of the sepiella esculenta pond is artificially prolonged for 3 months, and the method is suitable for being applied to large-scale culture of the parents and the larvae in the sepiella esculenta full-artificial seedling raising process.
Claims (8)
1. A method for domesticating and pre-germinating sepia esculenta parents is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) selecting and transforming a domesticating pond; the domestication pond is selected and transformed into a common soil pond with the area of 100-200 m2The water depth is 2-3 m, a double-layer heat-preservation and heat-insulation greenhouse is built on the soil pond, and a stainless steel heating pipeline and a micropore oxygenation pipeline are laid at the bottom of the pond;
(2) selecting and modifying an incubation pool; the hatching pond is selected and transformed into a shrimp and crab seedling raising workshop with the hatching pond idle in autumn and winter, and the area of the cement pond is 20-60 m2Paving a layer of fine sand with the thickness of 5-10 cm at the bottom of the pool, wherein the granularity of the fine sand is 0.1-1.0 mm;
(3) the exopalaemon carinicauda is automatically bred; stocking 2-3.5 g of exopalaemon carinicauda in a domesticating pond in 9-10 months, wherein the density of the exopalaemon carinicauda is 3-5 tails/m2The bait is self-bred to be used as parent domesticating bait for the sepia esculenta, and during the period, the exopalaemon carinicauda is fed with strengthening bait, and the bait comprises the following components:
15-30% of fish paste protein powder and 4-8% of mixed oil
10-20% of Russian white fish meal and 2-4% of enhanced fish oil
10-20% of fermented soybean meal and 2-4% of shrimp compound vitamin
5-10% of sleeve-fish powder and 2-4% of compound enzyme preparation
5-10% of selenium-enriched yeast and 0.5-1% of vitamin C polyphosphate
5-10% of wheat middling and 0.5-1% of vitamin E acetate
5-10% of fermented corn and 0.5-1% of antibacterial peptide
Soybean lecithin 4-8%, probiotic lactic acid bacteria 0.1-0.2%;
(4) selecting and stocking parents; collecting artificially cultured or wild sepia esculenta healthy parents in 10-11 months, putting the sepia esculenta healthy parents into a domestication pond for fattening, and using 2 multiplied by 10 before putting the sepia esculenta healthy parents into the domestication pond-5～5×10-5The povidone iodine is soaked for 5 to 10min, and the stocking density is 1 to 3 pieces/m2The water temperature is 14-20 ℃;
(5) collecting eggs; after the parents are domesticated for 90-120 days, suspending a net piece in a domestication pond to collect eggs, and fully collecting the eggsThe egg mesh is soaked in 0.5 × 10-5～1×10-5Disinfecting the povidone iodine solution for 5-10 min, and then transferring the solution to a hatching pool for centralized hatching;
(6) temporary raising and centralized hatching of fertilized eggs; the temporary culture water temperature of the fertilized eggs is 17-20 ℃, and the number of the mesh pieces and eggs in the hatching pond reaches 100-200 eggs/m2Carrying out centralized incubation, wherein the temperature of centralized incubation water is 24-27 ℃, and emergence of seedlings is 15-20 days;
(7) the mysid is bred automatically; self-breeding mysid by using a domestication pond 3-5 days before emergence of seedlings, wherein the stocking density of the mysid is 100-200/m2Feeding mysid reinforced bait at the water temperature of 21-24 ℃ in the period, wherein the bait comprises the following components:
15-30% of cod fish meal and 3-6% of fermented vinasse
10-20% of domestic fish meal and 2-4% of enhanced fish oil
10-20% of fermented soybean meal and 2-4% of shrimp compound vitamin
10-20% of fermented wheat bran and 2-4% of complex enzyme preparation
5-10% of wheat middling and 1-2% of shrimp compound polymineral
5-10% of fermented corn and 0.5-1% of antibacterial peptide
Soybean lecithin 4-8%, probiotic lactic acid bacteria 0.1-0.2%;
(8) breeding young black; directly transferring the young black-bone to a domestication pond for cultivation after the young black-bone is hatched, completing the cultivation of the young black-bone after the cultivation water temperature is 21-24 ℃ and 30-40 days, and selling the young black-bone out of the pond.
2. The method for domesticating and pre-emergence of sepia esculenta parents according to claim 1, wherein: the domestication pond is selected and transformed into a common soil pond with an area of 150m2And the water depth is 2.5m, a double-layer heat-preservation and heat-insulation greenhouse is built on the soil pond, and a stainless steel heating pipeline and a micropore oxygenation pipeline are laid at the bottom of the pond.
3. The method for domesticating and pre-emergence of sepia esculenta parents according to claim 1, wherein: the hatching pond is selected and transformed into a shrimp and crab seedling raising workshop with the hatching pond idle in autumn and winter, and the area of the cement pond is 40m2The bottom of the pool is paved with a layer with the thickness of 8cmThe fine sand has a particle size of 0.5 mm.
4. The method for domesticating and pre-emergence of sepia esculenta parents according to claim 1, wherein: the exopalaemon carinicauda is bred by self in a domestication pond for 9-10 months, the weight of the exopalaemon carinicauda is 2.5-3.0 g, and the density is 4 tails/m2The bait is self-bred to be used as parent domesticating bait for the sepia esculenta, and during the period, the exopalaemon carinicauda is fed with strengthening bait, and the bait comprises the following components:
fish paste protein powder 20.6%, mixed oil 6%
Russian white fish meal 15% and reinforced fish oil 3%
13 percent of fermented soybean meal and 3 percent of compound multivitamin for shrimps
8% of sleeve-fish powder and 3% of compound enzyme preparation
Selenium-enriched yeast 6% and vitamin C polyphosphate 0.7%
Wheat middling 8% and vitamin E acetate 0.8%
7 percent of fermented corn and 0.8 percent of antibacterial peptide
Soybean lecithin 5% and probiotic lactic acid bacteria 0.1%.
5. The method for domesticating and pre-emergence of sepia esculenta parents according to claim 1, wherein: the parent selection and stocking are carried out in 10-11 months, artificially cultured or wild healthy sepia esculenta parents are collected and put into a domestication pond for fattening, and before the sepia esculenta parents are put into the domestication pond, 3 multiplied by 10 is used for fattening-5Soaking in povidone iodine for 6min, and breeding at a density of 2/m2And the water temperature is 16 ℃.
6. The method for domesticating and pre-emergence of sepia esculenta parents according to claim 1, wherein: the egg collecting is that after the parents are domesticated for 105d, net sheets are hung in a domestication pool to collect eggs, and the net sheets full of eggs are soaked in 0.8 multiplied by 10-5The povidone iodine solution is sterilized for 7min and then transferred to a hatching pool for centralized hatching.
7. The method for domesticating and pre-emergence of sepia esculenta parents according to claim 1, wherein: temporary culture and centralized incubation of fertilized eggsThe temperature of temporary culture water of fertilized eggs is 18 ℃, and the number of the mesh pieces and the eggs in the hatching pond reaches 150 grains/m2Performing centralized incubation at 25 deg.C for 18 days.
8. The method for domesticating and pre-emergence of sepia esculenta parents according to claim 1, wherein: the young black-bone cultivation is that the young black-bone is directly transferred to a domestication pond for cultivation after being hatched, the temperature of cultivation water is 22 ℃, and the young black-bone is discharged from the pond for sale after 35 days.
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