CN103828748B - Pond greenhouse Penaeus Vannmei, the method for three batches of alternate cultures of Macrobrachium rosenbergii - Google Patents
Pond greenhouse Penaeus Vannmei, the method for three batches of alternate cultures of Macrobrachium rosenbergii Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
Pond greenhouse Penaeus Vannmei, the method for three batches of alternate cultures of Macrobrachium rosenbergii, the present invention built and leveled by pond greenhouse sterilization, hut cultivation, three batches put the seedling time, feeding, water quality management, joint oxygenation, disease control, three batches of fishings form, it is characterized in that a hut is built in greenhouse, seed is put into pond after hut is stored up and supported；First batch of Penaeus Vannmei is put seedling March 18 22, and second batch of Penaeus Vannmei is put seedling July 16, and the 3rd batch of Macrobrachium rosenbergii puts seedling October 20 22；First batch of first harvesting time of culture of Penaeus vannamei is May 20 25, and last batch of is cleaned up the pond on June harvesting time 10 20；Second batch of first harvesting time of culture of Penaeus vannamei is October 5 10, and last batch of is cleaned up the pond on October harvesting time 18 20；It is November 28 30 that 3rd batch of Macrobrachium rosenbergii, which cultivates first harvesting time, and last batch of is cleaned up the pond on December harvesting time 18 25.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to aquaculture, especially Penaeus Vannmei, the method for three batches of alternate cultures of Macrobrachium rosenbergii.
Background technology
Penaeus Vannmei（Penaeus vannamei）, scientific name Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low, it is wide warm eurysalinity torrid zone shrimps, can be
18-32 DEG C, grow under the conditions of salinity 1-40 ‰, be a kind of excellent desalination cultivation kind.Penaeus Vannmei have individual it is big,
The advantages that growth is fast, nutritional need is low, premunition is strong, it is stronger to the adaptability of water environment factors, forage protein is contained
Amount requires the advantages that low, dressing percentage is up to more than 65%, out-of-water survival time is long, is the improved seeds of intensive high yielding culture, is
Single rate highest shrimp species in current three big cultured prawns in the world.
Macrobrachium rosenbergii（Macrobrachium rosenbergii）Also known as the long-armed prawn of Malaysian prawn, fresh water, it is one
The large-scale fresh water shrimp of kind, originates in Southeast Asia.It has that growth is fast, feeding habits are wide, meat nutrition composition is good, and the culture-cycle is short etc. excellent
Point.Since propagating Macrobrachium rosenbergii artificially since the sixties in last century, quickly grow, existing country in Southeast Asia and some other area
It is commonplace to cultivate this shrimp.China is entered in Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Zhejiang Deng Shiduoge provinces, cities and autonomous regions
Row cultivation, Macrobrachium rosenbergii are originated in the torrid zone, subtropical water, and its life water temperature adapted to is 24~30 DEG C, works as water temperature drop
During to 16 DEG C, it is slow in action, it is progressively dead.Therefore the culturing time suitable in China only has 4~5 months.
Penaeus Vannmei and Macrobrachium rosenbergii are all the shrimps that China citizen like, and cultured area is very big at home, but this
Two seed shrimps are all water warm shrimps, the band of Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces one, season of early spring and early winter because water temperature it is too low have no idea to cultivate this two
Seed shrimp is, it is necessary to build simple plastic greenhouse to extend the culturing time of shrimp；Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces area Penaeus Vannmei greenhouse cultivation can only two at present
Stubble cultivation, Macrobrachium rosenbergii is also more more effectively can not to be lifted using one batch of cultivation, these aquaculture models using pond warmhouse booth
The effect of water temperature.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of pond greenhouse Penaeus Vannmei, the method for three batches of alternate cultures of Macrobrachium rosenbergii.
Technical scheme built and leveled by pond greenhouse sterilization, hut cultivate, three batches put the seedling time, feeding,
Water quality management, joint oxygenation, disease control, three batches of fishing step compositions, it is characterized in that big using being built above pond
Span flexible wire ropes vinyl house greenhouse, each pond area 4-5 mus, then builds a hut in plastic greenhouse again,
Stayed on a small quantity in one jiao of the pond of the plastic greenhouse little Chi for excavating 300-400 square metres, small water depth 1.0-1.2 rice, small bottom of pond
Mud, little Chi tops cover layer of plastic film again, and match somebody with somebody and get oxygen increasing equipment ready；The life of every mu of the previous moon is put in a suitable place to breed in seed
100-150 kilograms of lime carries out full pond sterilization to pond；Seed is put into pond after the hut by scheduling to last 15-20 days is stored up and supported
Carry out aquaculture management；It is 18-22 days in March that first batch of Penaeus Vannmei, which puts the seedling time in pond, and specification 1.5-2.0cm, every mu puts
The tails of seedling 5-6 ten thousand；It is 1-6 days in July that second batch of Penaeus Vannmei, which puts the seedling time in pond, and specification 1.5-2.0cm, every mu puts seedling 5-7
Ten thousand tails；It is 20-22 days in October that 3rd batch of Macrobrachium rosenbergii, which puts the seedling time in pond, and specification 5.0-7.0cm, every mu puts the tails of seedling 3-4 ten thousand；
First and regrowth hair Penaeus Vannmei put after seedling 1-15 days, if food organisms are enriched, just do not have to feed feed, opened after 15 days
Beginning feeds feed, if food organisms are insufficient（Food organisms are substantially not visible in water body）, just advance to and put after seedling and feed for 5-8 days
Mixed feed；And the 3rd batch of Macrobrachium rosenbergii puts after seedling and just directly start to feed mixed feed, bait throwing in daily 2 times during this, day throws
Feeding amount is the 8% -10% of shrimp body weight, and 1 fresh and alive feed was fed every 2-3 days；Put after seedling 30-60 days, prawn individual is gradually long
Greatly, the algae no longer to ingest in water, at this moment should increase day feeding amount, feed daily 4 times, and daily ration of feeding is the 5% of shrimp body weight；
Management phase of the seedling after 60 days is put, is fed 5-6 times daily, day feeding amount is the 3% -4% of shrimp body weight；Put seedling 1-30 God
If progressively adding water, to improve water quality and increase water level, if water colour is too clear, chemical fertilizer or organic fertilizer must be added, is made
Water keeps yellow green or dark brown；The 30-60 days, water was changed every 2-3 days 1 time, each quantity of exchanged water is the 1/3 of full water；The
Management after 60 days puts the after seedling management of the 30-60 days with mid-term stage；Whole process uses probiotics（It is EM bacterium, photosynthetic thin
Bacterium）Regulating water quality, put seedling and use EM bacterium in the 1-30 days, put seedling and use Bacillus subtillis after the 30th day, general 15-20 days
Using once；One 5.5 kilowatts of bottom aerator is matched somebody with somebody in every 9 mu of ponds, and every 4.5 mu of pools bottom arranges 70 bottom gas disks, bottom
Micro-pore oxygenation will be opened from the seed rearing stage and whole use so that the bottom in whole pond fully obtains oxygenation effect；
The cultivation later stage starts aerator, 4, a pond simultaneously, it is ensured that oxygen in water is not less than 4 mg/litres, it is ensured that the Asia in water quality
Nitrate will not raise；Put seedling the 30th day-the 60 day, carried out full pond sterilization with bleaching powder 1-2 ppm every 10-15 days, also may be used
Full pond sterilization is carried out with 5-10 ppm camellia oleosa seed cake；The general cultivation for passing through 2 wheat harvesting periods, shrimp body specification reach 120-140/
It kilogram can start harvesting listing, first be caught using shrimp cage and stay greatly small, caught through excessive day, fishing of just cleaning up the pond；First batch of South America
It is 20-25 days in May that white shrimp, which cultivates first harvesting time, and last batch of is cleaned up the pond 10-20 days June harvesting time；Second batch of south
It is 5-10 days in October that penaeus vannamei, which cultivates first harvesting time, and last batch of is cleaned up the pond 18-20 days October harvesting time；3rd batch
It is 28-30 days in November that Macrobrachium rosenbergii, which cultivates first harvesting time, and last batch of is cleaned up the pond 18-25 days December harvesting time.
It is of the invention to be relative to the outstanding feature of prior art：1）Take full advantage of pond warmhouse booth and support the shrimp time, than
Shrimp has been supported more one batch in usual pond greenhouse, improves greenhouse utilization rate, obtains good benefit：Per mu yield 2000-2500 jin, mu
Ten thousand yuan of output value 4.5-5.0, ten thousand yuan of mu profit 2.5-2.8, than the profit that two generations breeding improves 7000-8000 members/mu；2）This three
Stubble aquaculture model has taken into full account the climatic characteristic in Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces area and the growth of shrimps in culture under conditions of artificial heating is not required to
Feature, i.e. first half of the year temperature gradually rise, and are adapted to culture of Penaeus vannamei growth, and with the influence gas of cold wave after late October
Wen Ze progressively declines, and the adaptability of Macrobrachium rosenbergii and cold tolerance are stronger, cultivation easily it is successful, therefore this pattern into
Power is very high；3）This method provide a whole set of cultural technique and enter the combination in three batches of culturing time spaces, hut grain bin
The special measures such as foster, joint oxygenation, in practice it has proved that obtain good culture efficiency.The method.In addition, the method operation letter
Just, method is practical, is easy to be accepted and promotes.
Embodiment
1st, sterilization is built and leveled in pond greenhouse：Large span flexible wire ropes vinyl house greenhouse is built above pond, often
Individual pond area 4-5 mus, a hut is then built in plastic greenhouse again, i.e., in one jiao of the pond of greenhouse excavation 300-400
Square metre little Chi, small water depth 1.0-1.2 rice, small bottom of pond stays a small amount of mud, layer of plastic film covered again above little Chi, and
And match somebody with somebody and get oxygen increasing equipment ready；Put in a suitable place to breed in seed and full pond sterilization is carried out to pond for 100-150 kilograms with quick lime by previous every mu of the moon；
Seed is after the hut by scheduling to last 15-20 days is stored up and supported（Macrobrachium rosenbergii seed can cultivate outer Chi Tun in greenhouse and support）, it is put into pond
Carry out aquaculture management；
2nd, seedling time and density are put for three batches：It is 18-22 days in March that first batch of Penaeus Vannmei, which puts the seedling time in pond, specification
1.5-2.0cm, every mu puts the tails of seedling 5-6 ten thousand；It is 1-6 days in July that second batch of Penaeus Vannmei, which puts the seedling time in pond, specification 1.5-
2.0cm, every mu puts the tails of seedling 5-7 ten thousand；It is 20-22 days in October that 3rd batch of Macrobrachium rosenbergii, which puts the seedling time in pond, specification 5.0-
7.0cm, every mu puts the tails of seedling 3-4 ten thousand；
3rd, feed：First and regrowth hair Penaeus Vannmei put after seedling 1-15 days, if food organisms are enriched, just do not have to feed feeding
Material, start to feed feed after 15 days, if food organisms are insufficient（Food organisms are substantially not visible in water body）, just advance to and put
After seedling feeds mixed feed in 5-8 days；It is daily during this and the 3rd batch of Macrobrachium rosenbergii puts after seedling and just directly start to feed mixed feed
Bait throwing in 2 times, day feeding amount are the 8% -10% of shrimp body weight, and 1 fresh and alive feed was fed every 2-3 days；Put after seedling 30-60 days, it is right
Shrimp individual is gradually grown up, and the algae in water of no longer ingesting, at this moment should be increased day feeding amount, be fed daily 4 times, daily ration of feeding is
The 5% of shrimp body weight；Management phase of the seedling after 60 days is put, is fed 5-6 times daily, day feeding amount is the 3% -4% of shrimp body weight；
4th, water quality management：Put seedling and mainly progressively add water in the 1-30 days, to improve water quality and increase water level, if water
Color is too clear, then must add chemical fertilizer or organic fertilizer, water is kept yellow green or dark brown；The 30-60 days, changed every 2-3 days
Water 1 time, each quantity of exchanged water are the 1/3 of full water；Management after 60th day puts the after seedling pipe of the 30-60 days with mid-term stage
Reason；Whole process uses probiotics（EM bacterium, photosynthetic bacteria）Regulating water quality, put seedling and use EM bacterium in the 1-30 days, put seedling the 30th
Bacillus subtillis is used after it, general 15-20 days using once；
5th, joint oxygenation：One 5.5 kilowatts of bottom aerator is matched somebody with somebody in every 9 mu of ponds, and every 4.5 mu of pools bottom arranges 70 bottoms
Gas disk, bottom micro-pore oxygenation will be opened from the seed rearing stage and whole use so that the bottom in whole pond fully obtains
Oxygenation effect；The cultivation later stage starts aerator, 4, a pond simultaneously, it is ensured that oxygen in water is not less than 4 mg/litres, it is ensured that water
Nitrite in matter will not raise；
6th, disease control：Put seedling the 30th day-the 60 day, full pond sterilization carried out with bleaching powder 1-2 ppm every 10-15 days,
Also full pond sterilization can be carried out with 5-10 ppm camellia oleosa seed cake；
7th, three batches of fishing times：The general cultivation for passing through 2 wheat harvesting periods, shrimp body specification reaches 120--140/kilograms can
Start harvesting listing, first caught using shrimp cage stay greatly it is small, through excessive day catch, fishing of just cleaning up the pond；First batch of Penaeus Vannmei is supported
It is 20-25 days in May to grow first harvesting time, and last batch of is cleaned up the pond 10-20 days June harvesting time；Second batch of Penaeus Vannmei
It is 5-10 days in October to cultivate first harvesting time, and last batch of is cleaned up the pond 18-20 days October harvesting time；3rd batch of Macrobrachium rosenbergii
It is 28-30 days in November to cultivate first harvesting time, and last batch of is cleaned up the pond 18-25 days December harvesting time.
Implement 2 batches of Penaeus Vannmeis of pond greenhouse cultivation and 1 batch of cultivation according to the method described above in Shanghai Jinshan area in 2013
Macrobrachium rosenbergii, situation are shown in Table 1-3, obtain good income, and whole year obtains per mu yield：2200 jin, per mu yield value：53300 yuan；Mu profit
27300 yuan of profit.
First batch of first harvesting time of greenhouse Penaeus Vannmei is 2013-5-21, average size：55 tails/jin；When cleaning up the pond
Between be 2013-6-25, last batch of specification：45 tails/jin.First batch form after through collecting show that per mu yield is：750 pounds/acre,
Because being the listing of early stage shrimp, thus it is average sold with the price of 26 yuan/jin, per mu yield reaches 19500 yuan, profit up to 10000 yuan/
Mu, profit 3000-3500 members are had a net increase of than conventional old-fashioned cultural technique mu, situation is very considerable（Table 1）.
Second batch of nearly 3 months greenhouse culture of Penaeus vannamei time cycle, first harvesting time are 2013-10-5,
Average size：50 tails/jin；Time of cleaning up the pond is 2013-10-20, last batch of specification：43 tails/jin.Second batch is formed Hou Jinghui
Per mu yield, which must be gone out, is：850 pounds/acre, because being the peak period of prawn listing, therefore averagely sold with the price of 20 yuan/jin, per mu yield
Reach 17000 yuan, for profit up to 9000 yuan/mu, the profit than first batch is fewer（Table 2）.
3rd batch of Macrobrachium rosenbergii cultivation, during second batch of culture of Penaeus vannamei, first cultivate outer Chi Tun in greenhouse and support sieve
Family name pond crayfish seed.It is early October to late October that general pond crayfish seed, which puts the time in a suitable place to breed, and every mu of greenhouse puts tail of seedling 3.5 ten thousand or so,
Previously it is put into progress shrimp seedling in 8 mu of grain bin pond temporarily to support 30 days, waits until that Penaeus Vannmei harvesting finishes in early and middle ten dayses greenhouse in October,
Led immediately with close net and catch pond crayfish seed and be put into greenhouse, while carry out the management works such as water quality adjustment in greenhouse, oxygenation, feeding,
Ensure the normal growth of pond crayfish, close greenhouse during to mid or late October mercury dropped, carry out heat insulation work, per mu yield reaches
16800 yuan, profit is up to 8300 yuan/mu（Table 3）.
1, first batch of greenhouse culture of Penaeus vannamei situation table of table
2, second batches of greenhouse culture of Penaeus vannamei situation tables of table
Table 3, the 3rd batch of greenhouse Macrobrachium rosenbergii cultivation situation table
Claims (1)
1. pond greenhouse Penaeus Vannmei, the method for three batches of alternate cultures of Macrobrachium rosenbergii, build and level sterilization, hut by pond greenhouse
Cultivate, three batches put seedling time, feeding, water quality management, joint oxygenation, disease control, three batches of fishing steps composition, its feature
It is utilized in above pond and builds large span flexible wire ropes vinyl house greenhouse, each pond area 4-5 mus, then again big
A hut is built in canopy greenhouse, i.e., it is deep in one jiao of the pond of the plastic greenhouse little Chi for excavating 300-400 square metres, small water
1.0-1.2 rice, small bottom of pond stay a small amount of mud, cover layer of plastic film above little Chi again, and match somebody with somebody and get oxygen increasing equipment ready；In seedling
Kind is put in a suitable place to breed carries out full pond sterilization to pond for 100-150 kilograms previous every mu of the moon with quick lime；Seed is passing through 15-20 days by a definite date
Hut store up support after, be put into pond carry out aquaculture management；It is 18-22 days in March that first batch of Penaeus Vannmei, which puts the seedling time in pond,
Specification 1.5-2.0cm, every mu puts the tails of seedling 5-6 ten thousand；It is 1-6 days in July that second batch of Penaeus Vannmei, which puts the seedling time in pond, specification
1.5-2.0cm, every mu puts the tails of seedling 5-7 ten thousand；It is 20-22 days in October that 3rd batch of Macrobrachium rosenbergii, which puts the seedling time in pond, specification 5.0-
7.0cm, every mu puts the tails of seedling 3-4 ten thousand；First and regrowth hair Penaeus Vannmei put after seedling 1-15 days, if food organisms are enriched, just not
With feed is fed, start to feed feed after 15 days, if food organisms are insufficient, food organisms are substantially not visible in water body, just
Advance to and put after seedling and feed mixed feed in 5-8 days；And the 3rd batch of Macrobrachium rosenbergii puts after seedling and just directly starts to feed mixed feed, this
Period daily bait throwing in 2 times, feeding amount are the 8%-10% of shrimp body weight, and 1 fresh and alive feed was fed every 2-3 days；Put after seedling 30-60
My god, prawn individual is gradually grown up, and at this moment the algae in water of no longer ingesting should increase feeding amount, feed daily 4 times, feeding amount
For the 5% of shrimp body weight；Management phase of the seedling after 60 days is put, is fed 5-6 times daily, feeding amount is the 3%-4% of shrimp body weight；Put seedling
Mainly progressively add water within the 1-30 days, so as to improve water quality and increase water level, if water colour is too clear, must add chemical fertilizer or
Organic fertilizer, water is set to keep yellow green or dark brown；The 30-60 days, water was changed every 2-3 days 1 time, each quantity of exchanged water is full water
1/3；Management after 60th day puts the after seedling management of the 30-60 days with mid-term stage；Whole process is adjusted using probiotics
Water quality, put seedling and use EM bacterium in the 1-30 days, put seedling and Bacillus subtillis is used after the 30th day, use one within general 15-20 days
It is secondary；One 5.5 kilowatts of bottom aerator is matched somebody with somebody in every 9 mu of ponds, and every 4.5 mu of pools bottom arranges 70 bottom gas disks, and bottom micropore increases
Oxygen will be opened from the seed rearing stage and whole use so that the bottom in whole pond fully obtains oxygenation effect；After cultivation
Phase starts aerator, 4, a pond simultaneously, it is ensured that oxygen in water is not less than 4 mg/litres, it is ensured that the nitrite in water quality
It will not raise；Put seedling the 30th day-the 60 day, carry out full pond sterilization with bleaching powder 1-2 ppm every 10-15 days, it is also possible to 5-10
Ppm camellia oleosa seed cake carries out full pond sterilization；The general cultivation for passing through 2 wheat harvesting periods, shrimp body specification reaches 120-140/kilograms can
Start harvesting listing, first caught using shrimp cage stay greatly it is small, through excessive day catch, fishing of just cleaning up the pond；First batch of Penaeus Vannmei is supported
It is 20-25 days in May to grow first harvesting time, and last batch of is cleaned up the pond 10-20 days June harvesting time；Second batch of Penaeus Vannmei
It is 5-10 days in October to cultivate first harvesting time, and last batch of is cleaned up the pond 18-20 days October harvesting time；3rd batch of Macrobrachium rosenbergii
It is 28-30 days in November to cultivate first harvesting time, and last batch of is cleaned up the pond 18-25 days December harvesting time.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109329148A (en) * | 2018-11-29 | 2019-02-15 | 盐城工学院 | A kind of shrimps depth pond temperature canopy efficient ecological cultivating system and its cultural method |
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