CN101731170A - Reinforced cultivating method of freshwater shrimp seedshrimp - Google Patents
Reinforced cultivating method of freshwater shrimp seedshrimp Download PDFInfo
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- CN101731170A CN101731170A CN200910264827A CN200910264827A CN101731170A CN 101731170 A CN101731170 A CN 101731170A CN 200910264827 A CN200910264827 A CN 200910264827A CN 200910264827 A CN200910264827 A CN 200910264827A CN 101731170 A CN101731170 A CN 101731170A
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention provides a reinforced cultivating method of freshwater shrimp seedshrimp, which is a reinforced scientific and reasonable cultivating method of freshwater shrimp seedshrimp with low investment and high efficiency in scales through the technologies of selecting seedshrimp in cultivating ponds, building a pond environment, optimizing and regulating water environment, feeding and managing scientifically and the like according to freshwater shrimp aquaculture biology and reproductive biology. The seedshrimp cultivated by the method in the invention can produce shrimp seedlings by over 20% compared with the seedshrimp cultivated by conventional methods under the same seedling conditions. The method in the invention can be used for the large-scale shrimp seedling production of high-quality fresh water shrimp, guarantee smooth promotion of high-quality fresh water shrimp, improve economic efficiency of fresh water cultivation, and improve healthy and sustainable development of fresh water shrimp cultivating industry in China.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to that pond crayfish class aquaculture organism is learned, reproductive biology, the pond environment construction during aquaculture organism, reproductive biology, the seed shrimp that particularly relates to freshwater shrimp cultivated, water environment optimization regulation and control, feeding and management technology etc.
Background technology
Freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium nipponense), the formal name used at school Japanese macrobrachium supernbum is commonly called as river prawn, lake shrimp.Its fine and tender taste, delicious flavour, nutritious are the famous and precious aquatic products that liked by broad masses, also are the important freshwater aquiculture shrimps of China, and its cultured area occupies first of freshwater aquiculture shrimps.More than 20 ten thousand tons of China's shrimp culture annual productions at present, but also increasing year by year.But along with the continuous expansion of culturing scale, the improving constantly of intensification degree, serious deterioration of variety phenomenon appears in freshwater shrimp, sexual maturity ahead of time, individuality diminishes, the listing rate reduces, disease increases, culture benefit glides year by year.Deterioration of variety has become the bottleneck of shrimp culture industry, has seriously restricted the development of shrimp culture industry.
Realize the sustainable development of shrimp culture; must set about from kind, freshwater shrimp is carried out genetic improvement, cultivate that growth is fast, specification big, the breed strain of strong stress resistance; set up safe and efficient cultural technique, and carry out the large-scale production of breeding shrimp seedling and apply.Want large-scale production high-quality breeding freshwater shrimp seedling, the reinforced cultivating of breeding freshwater shrimp seed shrimp (parent) is important foundation and key link.Only carry out the reinforced cultivating of breeding freshwater shrimp seed shrimp, could improve breeding efficiency, just can go out seedling, go out strong sprout, could more effectively bring into play the good productivity of freshwater shrimp breeding.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is smooth popularization and shrimp culture healthy stable development already, for large-scale production high-quality breeding freshwater shrimp seedling provides a kind of scientific and reasonable seed shrimp cultivation method for enhancing for ensureing the freshwater shrimp breeding.
Realize the main technical schemes of the object of the invention: utilize shrimp culture biology, reproductive biology, by seed shrimp being cultivated technology reinforced cultivating seed shrimps such as pond selection, pond environment construction, water environment optimization regulation and control and science feeding and management,, the extensive high-quality seed of breeding freshwater shrimp provides reliable guarantee for producing.
The cultivation method for enhancing of freshwater shrimp seed shrimp of the present invention mainly comprises:
1) seed shrimp is cultivated pond selection and auxiliary facility
Require near the water source, water yield abundance, water quality should meet " water quality standard for fishery " (GB11607-89) and the regulation of " pollution-free food aquiculture fresh water water quality " (NY 5051-2001), and it is convenient to advance draining, cultivates pond mud and is no more than 15cm, smooth at the bottom of the pond, the slope is than 1: (2～4), rectangle, East and West direction is long, area is 1300～6500 square metres, is equipped with per 1000 square metres 0.7～1.0 kilowatt oxygenation facility;
2) pond environment is built
2.1 shine at the bottom of the pond: put before the seed shrimp sunlight in a suitable place to breed and be exposed to the sun at the bottom of the pond, shine dry and crackedly at the bottom of the pool, turn white, generally shine more than 8 days, run into the overcast and rainy proper extension of wanting and tan by the sun the time;
2.2 band water is cleaned up the pond
Discharge water 60～80 centimetres, per 667 square metres with 10～20 kilograms in 80～120 kilograms of quicklimes or bleaching powder, harmful organisms such as wild fishes are killed in the pond in or smart 4～6 kilograms of bleaching;
2.3 the shrimp nest is provided with
20～25 in per 667 square metres of shrimp nests of evenly placing about 1.5 meters of the diameters that are bundled into tea tree or other multiway tree branch;
2.4 fertilising rich water
Clean up the pond back 7～10 days, per 667 square metres of 100～300 kilograms of fertilizers executing after the fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed cultivating plankton, are placed on fertilizer and EM or sporeformer hybrid reactor below the water surface of four jiaos of shoals in pond;
3) seed shrimp puts in a suitable place to breed
The time of putting in a suitable place to breed, specially the pond reinforced cultivating was put 30～40 kilograms of seed shrimps for per 667 square metres generally at the beginning of 4 months by the end of March, and seed shrimp male and female ratio is: (3～5): 1;
It is unsuitable excessive to note transporting the water temperature and the pond water temperature temperature difference when seed shrimp is put in a suitable place to breed, generally should not surpass 3 ℃, as excessive temperature differentials, then water temperature must be regulated moderate after again row put in a suitable place to breed;
4) seed shrimp feeding and management
Seed shrimp is put in a suitable place to breed and began in back second day to throw something and feed crude protein content at the high-quality perfect compound feed more than 40%, day feeding volume is decided according to the food situation of water temperature, weather and shrimp, be generally 3～8% of shrimp body weight, divide secondary to throw something and feed, the morning 8:00 and 17:00～19:00 at dusk, throw 1/3 and 2/3 of day feeding volume respectively, full pond is evenly all over spreading;
To note the oogenesis situation often in the seed shrimp breeding process, find that shrimp with ovums just can change nursery pond successively over to and begin to enter the stage of growing seedlings;
5) water environment optimization regulation and control
5.1 the depth of water is controlled at 0.6～1.1 meter, water inlet will prevent that harmful organisms such as wild fishes from entering the shrimp pond with the above silk cover filtering of 60 orders;
5.2 water transparence is controlled at 25～40 centimetres, if water is too clear, can execute the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed; If water is too dense, can suitably inject new water, water down the concentration of water; Usually executed the fertilizer 1 time of becoming thoroughly decomposed in per 7～15 days, each fertilizing amount is decided on water quality condition, is generally per 667 square metres and executes 25～80 kilograms, joins simultaneously during fertilising and executes probiotics;
5.3 dissolved oxygen remains on more than the 5mg/L, when shrimp pond dissolved oxygen is lower than 5 mg/litre, opens oxygen increasing pump, no oxygenation facility is washed by water with water pump, the general oxygenation time of nurturing period be morning to daybreak sunrise, cloudy or sultry sky will be increased;
5.4 during the reinforced cultivating, regularly use probioticses such as EM, sporeformer to improve the pond waters environment, guarantee seed shrimp physique stalwartness;
5.5 the pond water ph value is controlled at 7.0～8.5, can use quicklime to regulate when PH is on the low side, each consumption is per 667 square metres 10～12 kilograms, change into slurries after full pond evenly splash, can play increases calcareous in the water, as to improve Chi Shui, sterilizing effect;
6) daily management
Early morning every day and dusk are respectively patrolled the pool once, observe water colour variation, shrimp active situation, shell quantity, the situation of ingesting; Checking that pool base has ne-leakage, whether intact, pinpoint the problems and in time take corresponding measure if preventing escaping facility.
Advantage of the present invention and effect:
The present invention proposes a kind of scientific and reasonable, low input, high efficiency scale freshwater shrimp seed shrimp cultivation method for enhancing.Carry out freshwater shrimp parent's science breeding earlier according to the reproductive biology characteristic of freshwater shrimp, male and female seed shrimp proportioning is (3～5): 1, not only reduced male parent's consumption, and alleviated killing each other in parent's mating process, also saved the cost of seed shrimp reinforced cultivating.Fertilizer often uses with probioticses such as EM, can regulate water quality better, cultivate abundant natural bait biology, ensures the seed shrimp healthy development.Seed shrimp is cultivated the place that the shrimp nest can provide shrimp to perch on the one hand is set in the pond, enlarges living space, and minimizing is killed each other, and can conveniently copy on the other hand and catch, and reduces the damage that seed shrimp is fished for.With the seed shrimp of method reinforced cultivating of the present invention, the seed shrimp of cultivating than commonsense method can voluminous shrimp seedling under identical rearing condition more than 20%.
The scale seed that the present invention can be used for high-quality breeding freshwater shrimp produces, and ensures the smooth popularization of breeding freshwater shrimp, improves the economic benefit of shrimp culture, and will promote China's shrimp culture industry health and sustainable development.
Embodiment
Further the present invention is elaborated below by specific embodiment.
Embodiment 1
Certain raiser selects 2000 square metres shrimp pond to carry out the reinforced cultivating of seed shrimp by requirement of the present invention:
(1) shines the pool by method of the present invention.
(2) discharge water 60 centimetres, per 667 square metres with 15 kilograms in bleaching powder (available chlorine content is more than 30%), kill harmful organisms such as wild fishes in the pond.
(3) evenly place 20 in the shrimp nest that is bundled into the tea tree branch for per 667 square metres.
(4) cleaned up the pond back 7 days, per 667 square metres of 150 kilograms of pig manures executing after the fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed are to cultivate plankton.Fertilizer and EM or sporeformer (consumption by specification) hybrid reactor are placed on four jiaos of shoals in pond, all below the water surface.
(5) put seed shrimp on April 2, put 40 kilograms of seed shrimps for per 667 square metres.Seed shrimp male and female ratio is 3: 1.
(6) seed shrimp is put in a suitable place to breed and began to throw something and feed crude protein content 40% perfect compound feed in back second day, and a day feeding volume is decided according to the food situation of water temperature, weather and shrimp, is generally 3～8% of shrimp body weight.Divide secondary to throw something and feed, the morning, 8:00 and dusk 17:00～19:00 threw 1/3 and 2/3 of day feeding volume respectively.Full pond is evenly all over spreading.
(7) depth of water is controlled at 0.6～1.0 meter; 25～40 centimetres of water transparences; Dissolved oxygen remains on more than the 5mg/L; PH is controlled at 7.0～8.5.
(8) during the reinforced cultivating, used little ecological systems such as EM, sporeformer (consumption is with reference to the product operation instruction) to improve the pond waters environment, and guaranteed seed shrimp physique stalwartness in per 10 days.
(9) carry out the management work of patrolling the pool and water body environment by requirement of the present invention in the seed shrimp nurturing period.
Seed shrimp voluminous shrimp seedling 21.8% under identical rearing condition of cultivating than commonsense method with the seed shrimp of this method reinforced cultivating.
Embodiment 2
Certain plant selects 3000 square metres shrimp pond to carry out the reinforced cultivating of seed shrimp by requirement of the present invention:
(1) shines the pool by method of the present invention.
(2) discharge water 65 centimetres, per 667 square metres with 90 kilograms of quicklimes, kill harmful organisms such as wild fishes in the pond.
(3) evenly place 22 in the shrimp nest that is bundled into the tea tree branch for per 667 square metres.
(4) cleaned up the pond back 10 days, per 667 square metres of 170 kilograms of pig manures executing after the fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed are to cultivate plankton.Fertilizer and EM or sporeformer (consumption by specification) hybrid reactor are placed on four jiaos of shoals in pond, all below the water surface.
(5) put seed shrimp on March 31, put 38 kilograms of seed shrimps for per 667 square metres.Seed shrimp male and female ratio is 4: 1.
(6) seed shrimp is put in a suitable place to breed and began to throw something and feed crude protein content 41.5% perfect compound feed in back second day, and a day feeding volume is decided according to the food situation of water temperature, weather and shrimp, is generally 3～8% of shrimp body weight.Divide secondary to throw something and feed, the morning, 8:00 and dusk 17:00～19:00 threw 1/3 and 2/3 of day feeding volume respectively.Full pond is evenly all over spreading.
(7) depth of water is controlled at 0.7～1.0 meter; 25～40 centimetres of water transparences; Dissolved oxygen remains on more than the 5mg/L; PH is controlled at 7.0～8.5.
(8) during the reinforced cultivating, used little ecological systems such as EM, sporeformer (consumption is with reference to the product operation instruction) to improve the pond waters environment, and guaranteed seed shrimp physique stalwartness in per 9 days.
(9) carry out the management work of patrolling the pool and water body environment by requirement of the present invention in the seed shrimp nurturing period.
Seed shrimp voluminous shrimp seedling 24.7% under identical rearing condition of cultivating than commonsense method with the seed shrimp of this method reinforced cultivating.
Embodiment 3
Certain breed company selects 3700 square metres shrimp pond to carry out the reinforced cultivating of seed shrimp by requirement of the present invention:
(1) shines the pool by method of the present invention.
(2) discharge water 70 centimetres, use the quicklime double centner for per 667 square metres, kill harmful organisms such as wild fishes in the pond.
(3) evenly place 25 in the shrimp nest that is bundled into the tea tree branch for per 667 square metres.
(4) cleaned up the pond back 10 days, per 667 square metres of 180 kilograms of chicken manures executing after the fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed are to cultivate plankton.Fertilizer and EM or sporeformer (consumption by specification) hybrid reactor are placed on four jiaos of shoals in pond, all below the water surface.
(5) put seed shrimp on April 1, put 36 kilograms of seed shrimps for per 667 square metres.Seed shrimp male and female ratio is 4: 1.
(6) seed shrimp is put in a suitable place to breed and began to throw something and feed crude protein content 43% perfect compound feed in back second day, and a day feeding volume is decided according to the food situation of water temperature, weather and shrimp, is generally 3～8% of shrimp body weight.Divide secondary to throw something and feed, the morning, 8:00 and dusk 17:00～19:00 threw 1/3 and 2/3 of day feeding volume respectively.Full pond is evenly all over spreading.
(7) depth of water is controlled at 0.7～1.1 meter; 25～40 centimetres of water transparences; Dissolved oxygen remains on more than the 5mg/L; PH is controlled at 7.0～8.5.
(8) during the reinforced cultivating, used little ecological systems such as EM, sporeformer (consumption is with reference to the product operation instruction) to improve the pond waters environment, and guaranteed seed shrimp physique stalwartness in per 8 days.
(9) carry out the management work of patrolling the pool and water body environment by requirement of the present invention in the seed shrimp nurturing period.
Seed shrimp voluminous shrimp seedling 25.5% under identical rearing condition of cultivating than commonsense method with the seed shrimp of this method reinforced cultivating.
Above embodiment only illustrates the freshwater shrimp seed shrimp reinforced cultivating technology that the present invention sets up, but the present invention is not limited to this.Here no longer other specific embodiment is enumerated one by one.
Claims (1)
1. the cultivation method for enhancing of a freshwater shrimp seed shrimp is characterized in that comprising:
1) seed shrimp is cultivated pond selection and auxiliary facility
Require near the water source, water yield abundance, water quality should meet " water quality standard for fishery " (GB11607-89) and the regulation of " pollution-free food aquiculture fresh water water quality " (NY 5051-2001), and it is convenient to advance draining, cultivates pond mud and is no more than 15cm, smooth at the bottom of the pond, the slope is than 1: (2～4), rectangle, East and West direction is long, area is 1300～6500 square metres, is equipped with per 1000 square metres 0.7～1.0 kilowatt oxygenation facility;
2) pond environment is built
2.1 shine at the bottom of the pond: put before the seed shrimp sunlight in a suitable place to breed and be exposed to the sun at the bottom of the pond, shine dry and crackedly at the bottom of the pool, turn white, generally shine more than 8 days, run into the overcast and rainy proper extension of wanting and tan by the sun the time;
2.2 band water is cleaned up the pond
Discharge water 60～80 centimetres, per 667 square metres with 10～20 kilograms in 80～120 kilograms of quicklimes or bleaching powder, harmful organisms such as wild fishes are killed in the pond in or smart 4～6 kilograms of bleaching;
2.3 the shrimp nest is provided with
20～25 in per 667 square metres of shrimp nests of evenly placing about 1.5 meters of the diameters that are bundled into tea tree or other multiway tree branch;
2.4 fertilising rich water
Clean up the pond back 7～10 days, per 667 square metres of 100～300 kilograms of fertilizers executing after the fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed cultivating plankton, are placed on fertilizer and EM or sporeformer hybrid reactor below the water surface of four jiaos of shoals in pond;
3) seed shrimp puts in a suitable place to breed
The time of putting in a suitable place to breed, specially the pond reinforced cultivating was put 30～40 kilograms of seed shrimps for per 667 square metres generally at the beginning of 4 months by the end of March, and seed shrimp male and female ratio is: (3～5): 1;
It is unsuitable excessive to note transporting the water temperature and the pond water temperature temperature difference when seed shrimp is put in a suitable place to breed, generally should not surpass 3 ℃, as excessive temperature differentials, then water temperature must be regulated moderate after again row put in a suitable place to breed;
4) seed shrimp feeding and management
Seed shrimp is put in a suitable place to breed and began in back second day to throw something and feed crude protein content at the high-quality perfect compound feed more than 40%, day feeding volume is decided according to the food situation of water temperature, weather and shrimp, be generally 3～8% of shrimp body weight, divide secondary to throw something and feed, the morning 8:00 and 17:00～19:00 at dusk, throw 1/3 and 2/3 of day feeding volume respectively, full pond is evenly all over spreading;
To note the oogenesis situation often in the seed shrimp cultivating process, find that shrimp with ovums just can change nursery pond successively over to and begin to enter the stage of growing seedlings;
5) water environment optimization regulation and control
5.1 the depth of water is controlled at 0.6～1.1 meter, water inlet will prevent that harmful organisms such as wild fishes from entering the shrimp pond with the above silk cover filtering of 60 orders;
5.2 water transparence is controlled at 25～40 centimetres, if water is too clear, can execute the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed; If water is too dense, can suitably inject new water, water down the concentration of water; Usually executed the fertilizer 1 time of becoming thoroughly decomposed in per 7～15 days, each fertilizing amount is decided on water quality condition, is generally per 667 square metres and executes 25～80 kilograms, joins simultaneously during fertilising and executes probiotics;
5.3 dissolved oxygen remains on more than the 5mg/L, when shrimp pond dissolved oxygen is lower than 5 mg/litre, opens oxygen increasing pump, no oxygenation facility is washed by water with water pump, the general oxygenation time of nurturing period be morning to daybreak sunrise, cloudy or sultry sky will be increased;
5.4 during the reinforced cultivating, regularly use probioticses such as EM, sporeformer to improve the pond waters environment, guarantee seed shrimp physique stalwartness;
5.5 the pond water ph value is controlled at 7.0～8.5, can use quicklime to regulate when PH is on the low side, each consumption is per 667 square metres 10～12 kilograms, change into slurries after full pond evenly splash, can play increases calcareous in the water, as to improve Chi Shui, sterilizing effect;
6) daily management
Early morning every day and dusk are respectively patrolled the pool once, observe water colour variation, shrimp active situation, shell quantity, the situation of ingesting; Checking that pool base has ne-leakage, whether intact, pinpoint the problems and in time take corresponding measure if preventing escaping facility.
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| CN200910264827A CN101731170A (en) | 2009-12-24 | 2009-12-24 | Reinforced cultivating method of freshwater shrimp seedshrimp |
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| CN200910264827A CN101731170A (en) | 2009-12-24 | 2009-12-24 | Reinforced cultivating method of freshwater shrimp seedshrimp |
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Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101946728A (en) * | 2010-08-13 | 2011-01-19 | 南京市水产科学研究所 | High-yield large-scale breeding method carried out by scientifically utilizing autumn cannon-head macrobrachium nipponense larvae |
| CN102428887A (en) * | 2011-10-10 | 2012-05-02 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | Freshwater shrimp culturing method by comprehensively utilizing float grass and artificial shrimp nest |
| CN103262818A (en) * | 2013-05-22 | 2013-08-28 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | Raising method for developing high-quality wild freshwater shrimp |
| CN103444600A (en) * | 2013-07-11 | 2013-12-18 | 江苏省水产技术推广站 | Two-stage efficient rearing method for freshwater shrimp fry |
| CN103798547A (en) * | 2014-02-28 | 2014-05-21 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | Preparation method and use method of fermentation material of bait biological bed for breeding macrobrachium nipponensis |
| CN103875559A (en) * | 2014-03-20 | 2014-06-25 | 苏州市阳澄湖现代农业产业园特种水产养殖有限公司 | Healthy and high-yield breeding method for freshwater shrimps |
| CN105724296A (en) * | 2016-03-11 | 2016-07-06 | 河北省海洋与水产科学研究院 | Method for promoting mating and oogenesis of freshwater shrimps |
| CN105815250A (en) * | 2016-03-30 | 2016-08-03 | 苏州市相城区阳澄湖镇剑成水产生态养殖专业合作社 | Method for artificially breeding metapenaeus ensis at high yield |
| CN105994033A (en) * | 2016-05-19 | 2016-10-12 | 王玉英 | Technology for breeding lobsters |
| CN106857347A (en) * | 2017-03-17 | 2017-06-20 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | A kind of method for reusing freshwater shrimp parent's nursery |
| CN107466931A (en) * | 2017-09-14 | 2017-12-15 | 苏州市相城区阳澄湖镇剑成水产生态养殖专业合作社 | A kind of cultural method of the easy Taihu Lake shrimp of operating method |
| CN109197541A (en) * | 2017-07-05 | 2019-01-15 | 苑春亭 | A kind of method that aquaculture early period uses sediment of pond rich water |
| CN110810290A (en) * | 2018-08-10 | 2020-02-21 | 长沙湘峰园农业科技有限公司 | Propagation technology of crayfishes |
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2009
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| CN107466931A (en) * | 2017-09-14 | 2017-12-15 | 苏州市相城区阳澄湖镇剑成水产生态养殖专业合作社 | A kind of cultural method of the easy Taihu Lake shrimp of operating method |
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