CN104054614B - A kind of ecological polyculturing method of crab, Macrobrachium nipponensis(de Haan) and China - Google Patents
A kind of ecological polyculturing method of crab, Macrobrachium nipponensis(de Haan) and China Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses the ecological polyculturing method of a kind of crab, Macrobrachium nipponensis(de Haan) and China, be Eriocheir sinensis kind, shrimp species and China to be raised together with, wherein, Eriocheir sinensis kind was put in a suitable place to breed in mid-March, and children's Eriocheir sinensis specification is about 40～50/jin, and breeding density is 600～800/mu；With Macrobrachium nipponensis(de Haan) as shrimp species, two crops in one year set is supported, and for the first time in mid-February, stocking size is at 2～3cm/ tails, and breeding density is 15～25 kgs/acre, and second time is by the end of June, and stocking size 0.7～1cm/ tail, breeding density is 5～60,000 tails/mu；China is to put into February, and breeding density is 350 450 tails/mu, male and female proportioning 1:1.1～1.2, simultaneously dosing anodonta woodiana pacifica 200～300.The present invention utilizes crab to raise together with Macrobrachium nipponensis(de Haan), Chinese integrated ecosystem, based on culture of Chinese mitten crab, China, mainly as the removing person of residual bait, makes full use of bait, the object that algae is crab and Macrobrachium nipponensis(de Haan) eats, set is supported China thus is controlled the outburst of cyanophyceae in crab pond.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the polyculture method of a kind of aquaculture kind, the ecology of a kind of crab, Macrobrachium nipponensis(de Haan) and China is mixed
Breeding method.
Background technology
In traditional culture of Chinese mitten crab, especially in summer, owing to water temperature is high, if remaining feedstuff is removed not in time, soon
Water quality can be caused to degenerate, and affecting crab growth, the such as cyanophyceae of outburst in summer is the major reason causing crab dead, Hen Duoyang
Grow family and this is dealt with tired out, both spent money, do not had again effect.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to: the ecological cultivation method that a kind of crab, Macrobrachium nipponensis(de Haan) and China raise together with is provided, it is possible to naturally obtain
Optimal breeding environment and ecological benefits, reduce the disease of breed variety, and yield per unit area is high.
For achieving the above object, the ecological polyculturing method of the crab of the present invention, Macrobrachium nipponensis(de Haan) and China, comprise the following steps:
(1) pond prepares；
(2) facility is built, including escaping-preventing facilities and oxygen supplement facility；
(3) pasture and water plantation；
(4) seed of Eriocheir sinensis kind, shrimp species and China is put in a suitable place to breed；
Eriocheir sinensis kind: mid-March puts in a suitable place to breed, children's Eriocheir sinensis specification is 40～50/jin, and breeding density is 600～800/mu；
Shrimp species: Macrobrachium nipponensis(de Haan) takes two crops in one year set to support, and for the first time in mid-February, stocking size is 2～3cm/ tails, breeding density be 15～
25 kgs/acre, second time is by the end of June, and stocking size is 0.7～1cm/ tail, and breeding density is 5～60,000 tails/mu；
China: February puts into, and breeding density is 350～450 tails/mu, male and female proportioning 1:1.1～1:1.2, simultaneously the dosing back of the body
Angle anodon 200～300, for China's breeding；
(5) regulating and controlling water quality；
(6) bait feeding；
(7) disease control.
Crab is raised together with by the present invention with Macrobrachium nipponensis(de Haan), China, utilizes China to control Eriocheir sinensis pond cyanophyceae, digests in water residual simultaneously
Bait, Macrobrachium nipponensis(de Haan) set is supported in Eriocheir sinensis pond, can effectively control water quality, moreover it is possible to make full use of breeding spaces and increase economic efficiency.
As preferably, step (1) pond one side is provided with beach face, and its excess-three face is dug around the pool and deeply arranged circular groove, sets bottom the mouth of the pool
Put water inlet and discharge outlet.
It is further preferred that step (1) beach face accounts for 1/4th of pond area, than 1:2.5, dwell above for crab in slope
Breath is looked for food, and takes full advantage of breeding spaces.
It is further preferred that step (1) circular groove deep 1.5～1.8m, avoid heat for the hidden shelling of crab, high temperature, anti-precocity.
It is further preferred that step (1) water inlet and the paired linea angulata of discharge outlet are arranged, and discharge outlet is less than water inlet, is beneficial to
Sewage at the bottom of the pool is got rid of.
It is further preferred that step (1) seed puts previous moon 75-100kg/ mu lime disinfection in a suitable place to breed, then tan by the sun until
Chap at the bottom of the pool, before the water inlet of pool mouth, use sufficient base manure, discharge the fertilizer 100kg/ mu of the rotten heat of fermentation, be so more beneficial for water environment
Control.
As preferably, step (2) escaping-preventing facilities is located on the ridge, the pool, the Double-layer Plastic using long 2m, wide 0.8m, height to be 50cm
Material surrounds, tilted 15 degree to pond.
As preferably, step (2) pond surrounding waddy does stake, buries one every 2m, is abutted in waddy by double-layer plastic
Side is also buried in the earth 20-30cm, and ramming is compacted, and double-layer plastic is stamped eyelet, is fixed on timber with iron wire.
As preferably, step (2) oxygen supplement facility uses billet formula aeration system, (connects including supervisor, arm and micropore aeration pipe
Head), aerator power is supporting is the unit of three 3kw, and microporous pipe need to arrange 2500m, and total steam line uses plastic conduit,
A diameter of 60mm, an air supply pipe is microcellular rubber pipe, and a diameter of 15mm, length is no more than 50m.Installation method is: always supply
Trachea is erected at pond middle upper portion, higher than water peak level 10-15, and runs through whole pond, in north-south.Always
Air supply pipe both sides are provided with microporous pipe, are spaced 8-10m between adjacent microporous pipe, and microporous pipe one end is connected on total air supply pipe, another
End extends to away from the 1m of the ridge, pond, and microporous pipe is fixed at higher than 10-15 at the bottom of pond with bamboo stake, horizontal distribution.
As preferably, step (3) pasture and water, based on waterweed, hydrilla verticillata and Herba vallisneriae Spiralis, implement multi items interplanting；And in the summer
Waterweed is not cut in season stubble, but utilization adds water, changes water, maintain waterweed growth.
It is further preferred that step (3) arranges 5-6m pasture and water band with micropore arm for center line, pasture and water belt distance is 3m.
As preferably, Eriocheir sinensis appendage is complete, body constitution is healthy and strong for step (4) children；Shrimp species are in the same size, and appendage is complete, and body constitution is healthy and strong,
Movable quick.
As preferably, the regulating and controlling water quality described in step (5) is to start from mid-May, within every 15 days, adds water 20～25cm, June
After the middle ten days, keep peak level；6～JIUYUE during, every first quarter moon use microbial ecological agent once, changed water 15～20cm every 5 days.
As preferably, step (6) children Eriocheir sinensis is thrown in early days based on the fresh small fish shredded or concentrated feed, and middle and late stage strengthens plant
Property the throwing something and feeding of bait, after crab reproduction shelling, strengthen fresh fish, the throwing something and feeding of concentrated feed.
It is further preferred that step (6) is disposable before and after Clear and Bright throws in the fresh and alive containing young Bellamya quadrata, so of 400-500kg/ mu
Both the available Bellamya quadrata itself thrown in, it is possible to utilize its Bellamya quadrata bred when Clear and Bright, for crab free choice feeding；China with
In residual bait and water, algae is food；Macrobrachium nipponensis(de Haan) is without other bait throwing in.
It is further preferred that described vegetal bait includes pumpkin pie, Rhizoma Dioscoreae silk, Herba Spirodelae, Rhizoma Solani tuber osi.
As preferably, step (7), every 15 days, is ashed water full pool spilling head by the calculogenesis of 10～15kg/ mus, and with Tiny ecosystem system
Agent uses time interval 5d.
As preferably, step (7) mid-May and early September full pool spilling head cilium are clean, prevent and treat balantidiasis.
Technique effect
The present invention utilizes crab to raise together with Macrobrachium nipponensis(de Haan), Chinese integrated ecosystem, based on culture of Chinese mitten crab, and China
Mainly as the removing person of residual bait, make full use of bait.The object that algae is crab and Macrobrachium nipponensis(de Haan) eats, set supports China from life
Control the outburst of cyanophyceae in crab pond in thing, increase the ecologic structure of cultivating pool, space multistory, Optimal culture simultaneously
Pond ecological environment, holding water quality stability, thus realize the technique effect of high-yield, efficient, environmentally friendly.
The present invention also uses micro-pore oxygenation facility, while increasing water body dissolved oxygen, adds shrimp, the yield of Eriocheir sinensis, specification and product
Matter, accelerates the precipitation of float, improves water transparency, promotes the growth of pasture and water, maintains the optimum of pond ecological
Circulation.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1
The ecological polyculturing method of a kind of crab, Macrobrachium nipponensis(de Haan) and China, comprises the following steps:
1. pond prepares
Selecting an open area is 2 mu, the soil property pond of the depth of water 2.0 meters, and pond has abundant water resources, depth of water building width, irrigation and drainage are convenient,
Mud is few, water quality is pure and fresh pollution-free, and soil property is clay.
Pond water inlet and the paired linea angulata of discharge outlet are arranged, and the position of discharge outlet is less than water inlet, is located at bottom the mouth of the pool.Build
Beach face accounts for 1/4th of pond area, deep 1m, ratio of slope 1:2.5, and the zanjon of deep 1.8m is all built in its excess-three face.
Seed puts previous moon 200kg lime disinfection in a suitable place to breed, and full pond, after sterilization of cleaning up the pond, is tanned by the sun until chapping at the bottom of the pool.Pool mouth
Use sufficient base manure before water inlet, discharge the fertilizer 200kg of the rotten heat of fermentation.
2. facility is built
(1) escaping-preventing facilities is built
Escaping-preventing facilities is built on the ridge, the pool, and height is 50cm, and the angle that slopes inwardly is 15 degree, and in pond, surrounding waddy does stake,
Burying one every 2m, by width 0.8m, the double-layer plastic of long 2m abuts in inside waddy, is buried in the earth 20-30cm, ramming pressure
Real, double-layer plastic is stamped eyelet, is fixed on timber with iron wire.
(2) installation of microporous pipeline aeration system
Using billet formula aeration system, aerator power is supporting is the unit of three 3kw, is erected on centre, pond by total air supply pipe
Portion, higher than water peak level 10-15, and runs through whole pond, in north-south.8-10m it is spaced in total air supply pipe both sides,
Level lays a microporous pipe, and microporous pipe one end is connected on total air supply pipe, and the other end extends to from the ridge, pond 1m at a distance, and uses bamboo stake
Microporous pipe is fixed at higher than 10-15 at the bottom of pond, horizontal distribution.
3. pasture and water plantation
Arranging 5-6m pasture and water band with micropore arm for center line, pasture and water belt distance is 3m.
(1) pasture and water kind is based on waterweed, hydrilla verticillata and Herba vallisneriae Spiralis.
(2) waterweed is not cut stubble when summer, but utilize and add water, change water and regulating and controlling water quality at ordinary times, maintain her
Happy algae grows.
4. seed is put in a suitable place to breed
Eriocheir sinensis kind: select the young Eriocheir sinensis that specification is about 50/jin, appendage is complete, body constitution is healthy and strong and put into pond, mu at late March
Put 700 in a suitable place to breed.
Shrimp species: Macrobrachium nipponensis(de Haan) is overlapped foster at twice, put in a suitable place to breed in the same size, and appendage is complete, and body constitution is healthy and strong, movable quick.First batch 2
The middle of the month puts in a suitable place to breed, and specification is 2.0cm/ tail, mu stocking rate 20 kilograms；After first batch of harvesting listing, put second batch by the end of June in a suitable place to breed,
Specification is 1.0cm/ tail, mu stocking rate 60,000 tail.
China: putting Chinese 400 tails February every mu in a suitable place to breed, sex ration is 1:1.2, dosing anodonta woodiana pacifica 300
Breed for China.
5. regulating and controlling water quality
Note at ordinary times observing change of water quality, start from mid-May, the every 15 days 25cm that add water, after mid-June, keep Gao Shui
Position.
The 6-8 month in summer, every first quarter moon used microbial ecological agent, changed water 20cm every 5 days.
6. bait feeding
Crab bait selects mixed feed and artitificial food according to the different phase of growth promoter, and China is with algae in residual bait and water
Class is food, and Macrobrachium nipponensis(de Haan) is without other bait throwing in.Children Eriocheir sinensis is thrown in early days based on the fresh small fish shredded or concentrated feed, helps it to recover body
Matter, promotees its growth；At its middle and late stage grown, strengthen vegetal bait Rhizoma Dioscoreae silk, Herba Spirodelae, the throwing something and feeding of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi；Crab reproduction
After shelling, strengthen fresh fish, the throwing something and feeding of concentrated feed so that it is quickly increase, growing and fattening.Disposable every mu of input before and after Clear and Bright
The fresh and alive son's Bellamya quadrata that contains of 400～500kg, the most available Bellamya quadratas itself thrown in, it is possible to utilize its spiral shell bred when Clear and Bright
Snail, for crab free choice feeding.Whole cultivation season according in pond Bellamya quadrata number supplement in time, it is ensured that crab has the fresh of abundance
Living organism bait is ingested, and adds chitosan, help its growth promoter in artitificial food.
See season, see weather, see water quality, see fish movement and timing, quantitatively, determine matter, position and carry out bait feeding, every day
The feeding volume of every day is grasped flexibly according to the situation of ingesting, active situation.Crab is thrown something and fed 2 times every day, during 8-10 in the morning once, under
During noon 4-6 once.
7. disease control
Every 15d, with quick lime 10-15kg/ mu water full pool spilling head (note uses time interval 5d with microbial ecological agent).5
The middle of the month and early September full pool spilling head cilium are clean, prevent and treat balantidiasis.
8. daily management
Strengthening at ordinary times patrolling the pool, drive and kill the harmful animals such as the frog into the pool, Mus, Serpentis, Chinese yellow eel, thunderstorm sky sultry in low pressure should prevent
Anoxia in pond, in typhoon season it should be noted that enter discharge outlet, escaping-preventing facilities with or without breakage.Winter notes antifreeze, fills it up with water, makes
The depth of water keeps 120cm, if the water surface freezes, will remove floating ice in time, prevent anoxia.
Two, cultivation result
First batch of Macrobrachium nipponensis(de Haan) put in a suitable place to breed is in the listing of harvesting successively in June then, and second batch lists in Second Year harvesting in January, crab
Harvesting listing successively after JIUYUE, China's Second Year does pool harvesting listing, the results feelings of three kinds of statistics January
Condition, as seen from Table 1 crab, three kinds of breed variety yield per mu of Macrobrachium nipponensis(de Haan) and China be respectively 95kg, 41.6kg and
36kg, adding up to income is 30896 yuan.
Table 1 crab, Macrobrachium nipponensis(de Haan) and China's Polyculture results information slip
| Kind | Per mu yield (kg) | Unit price (unit/kg) | Total price (first) |
| Crab | 95 | 120 | 22800 |
| Macrobrachium nipponensis(de Haan) | 41.6 | 80 | 6656 |
| China | 36 | 20 | 1440 |
| Add up to | 30896 |
Embodiment 2
A kind of ecological polyculturing method of crab, Macrobrachium nipponensis(de Haan) and China, substantially the same manner as Example 1, except that culturing pool
Pool area is 3.0 mu, depth of water 1.6-1.8 rice, and seed puts previous moon 200kg lime disinfection in a suitable place to breed, executes before the water inlet of pool mouth
Foot base manure, discharges the fertilizer 200kg of the rotten heat of fermentation.Late March stocking size is about 50/jin, appendage is complete, body constitution
Healthy and strong young Eriocheir sinensis, mu breeding density is 600；Putting shrimp species specification February in a suitable place to breed is 3.0cm/ tail, breeding density is 15 kilograms/
Mu, puts Chinese 350 tails/mu in a suitable place to breed, and female-male proportion is 1:1.1, and dosing anodonta woodiana pacifica 250 is numerous for China
Grow；Putting second batch of shrimp Seedling in a suitable place to breed after harvesting Macrobrachium nipponensis(de Haan) listing by the end of June, specification is 0.8-1.0cm/ tail, mu stocking rate 60,000 tail；Water quality
Regulation and control, bait feeding, disease control, daily management and harvest time are the most substantially the same manner as Example 1, achieve such as table 2
Economic benefit.Statistical result can be seen that crab per mu yield reaches 102kg, and 43kg is felt in Macrobrachium nipponensis(de Haan) average yield per mu, and China is average
Per mu yield reaches 31kg, and adding up to income is 30896 yuan, it is thus achieved that reasonable economic well-being of workers and staff.
Table 2 crab, Macrobrachium nipponensis(de Haan) and China's Polyculture results information slip
Embodiment 3
A kind of ecological polyculturing method of crab, Macrobrachium nipponensis(de Haan) and China, substantially the same manner as Example 1, except that 3 below the moon
Put the young Eriocheir sinensis mu that Eriocheir sinensis kind specification is about 40/jin, appendage is complete, body constitution is healthy and strong ten days in a suitable place to breed and put 800 in a suitable place to breed；February puts shrimp in a suitable place to breed
Planting specification is 2.0cm/ tail, and breeding density is 25 kgs/acre；Putting Chinese 350 tails/mu in a suitable place to breed, male and female press 1:1.2 pairing,
Dosing anodonta woodiana pacifica 300 is for China's breeding；In putting second batch of shrimp Seedling at the beginning of 7 months in a suitable place to breed after harvesting Macrobrachium nipponensis(de Haan) listing by the end of June,
Specification is 1cm/ tail, mu stocking rate 50,000 tail；Regulating and controlling water quality, bait feeding, disease control, daily management and harvest time are equal
Substantially the same manner as Example 1, achieve such as the economic benefit of table 3.
Table 3 crab, Macrobrachium nipponensis(de Haan) and China's Polyculture results information slip
| Kind | Per mu yield (kg) | Unit price (unit/kg) | Total price (first) |
| Crab | 130 | 120 | 31200 |
| Macrobrachium nipponensis(de Haan) | 38 | 80 | 6080 |
| China | 34.2 | 20 | 1368 |
| Add up to | 38648 |
This Polyculture utilizes crab to raise together with Macrobrachium nipponensis(de Haan), Chinese integrated ecosystem, makes full use of bait, increases and support
Grow the ecologic structure in pond, space multistory, Optimal culture pond ecological environment, keep water quality stability, thus realize high yield,
Efficiently, the technique effect of environmental protection.
Claims (8)
1. a crab, Macrobrachium nipponensis(de Haan) and the ecological polyculturing method of China, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1) pond prepares；
(2) facility is built, including escaping-preventing facilities and oxygen supplement facility；The aerator power of oxygen supplement facility is supporting is the unit of three 3kw, total air supply pipe is erected at pond middle upper portion, higher than water peak level 10-15, and runs through whole pond, in north-south；Being provided with microporous pipe in total air supply pipe both sides, be spaced 8-10m between adjacent microporous pipe, microporous pipe one end is connected on total air supply pipe, and the other end extends to away from the 1m of the ridge, pond, and microporous pipe is fixed at higher than 10-15 at the bottom of pond with bamboo stake, horizontal distribution；
(3) pasture and water plantation；Pasture and water described in step (3), based on waterweed, hydrilla verticillata and Herba vallisneriae Spiralis, implement multi items interplanting；Waterweed was not cut in summer stubble, and adds water, change water, maintain waterweed growth；
(4) seed of Eriocheir sinensis kind, shrimp species and China is put in a suitable place to breed；
Eriocheir sinensis kind: mid-March puts in a suitable place to breed, children's Eriocheir sinensis specification is 40～50/jin, and breeding density is 600～800/mu；
Shrimp species: Macrobrachium nipponensis(de Haan) takes two crops in one year set to support, and for the first time in mid-February, stocking size is 2～3cm/ tails, and breeding density is 15～25 kgs/acre, and second time is by the end of June, and stocking size is 0.7～1cm/ tail, and breeding density is 5～60,000 tails/mu；
China: February puts into, and breeding density is 350～450 tails/mu, male and female proportioning 1:1.1～1:1.2, simultaneously dosing anodonta woodiana pacifica 200～300；
(5) regulating and controlling water quality；Regulating and controlling water quality described in step (5) is to start from mid-May, and add water 20～25cm, after mid-June, holding peak level for every 15 days；6～JIUYUE during, every first quarter moon use microbial ecological agent once, changed water 15～20cm every 5 days；
(6) bait feeding；
(7) disease control.
The ecological polyculturing method of crab the most according to claim 1, Macrobrachium nipponensis(de Haan) and China, it is characterised in that the pond one side described in step (1) is provided with beach face, and its excess-three face is dug around the pool and deeply arranged circular groove, arranges water inlet and discharge outlet bottom the mouth of the pool.
The ecological polyculturing method of crab the most according to claim 2, Macrobrachium nipponensis(de Haan) and China, it is characterised in that described beach face accounts for 1/4th of pond area, 1:2.5 is compared on slope, circular groove deep 1.5～the paired linea angulata of 1.8m, water inlet and discharge outlet are arranged, and discharge outlet is less than water inlet.
The ecological polyculturing method of crab the most according to claim 1, Macrobrachium nipponensis(de Haan) and China, it is characterised in that the escaping-preventing facilities described in step (2) is located on the ridge, the pool, the double-layer plastic using long 2m, wide 0.8m, height to be 50cm surrounds, tilted 15 degree to pond.
The ecological polyculturing method of crab the most according to claim 1, Macrobrachium nipponensis(de Haan) and China, it is characterized in that, disease control described in step (7) is every 15 days, is ashed water full pool spilling head by the calculogenesis of 10～15kg/ mus, and uses time interval 5d with microbial ecological agent.
The ecological polyculturing method of crab the most according to claim 1, Macrobrachium nipponensis(de Haan) and China, it is characterized in that, bait described in step (6) is thrown in early days based on the fresh small fish shredded or concentrated feed children Eriocheir sinensis, middle and late stage strengthens throwing something and feeding of vegetal bait, after crab reproduction shelling, strengthen fresh fish, the throwing something and feeding of concentrated feed.
The ecological polyculturing method of crab the most according to claim 6, Macrobrachium nipponensis(de Haan) and China, it is characterised in that disposable input 400-500kg/ mu is fresh and alive containing young Bellamya quadrata before and after Clear and Bright.
The ecological polyculturing method of crab the most according to claim 6, Macrobrachium nipponensis(de Haan) and China, it is characterised in that vegetal bait includes pumpkin pie, Rhizoma Dioscoreae silk, Herba Spirodelae, Rhizoma Solani tuber osi.
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| CN103478020A (en) * | 2012-06-14 | 2014-01-01 | 江苏红膏大闸蟹有限公司 | Polyculture method of river crabs, crayfish and mandarin fish |
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| CN103718993A (en) * | 2013-11-27 | 2014-04-16 | 安徽省郎溪县水产管理站 | Ecological breeding method for efficient polyculture of river crabs, freshwater shrimps and pseudorasbora parva |
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| JP4813608B2 (en) * | 2010-03-05 | 2011-11-09 | 学校法人北里研究所 | Barnacle culture method, and barnacles with a flat bottom obtained by the method |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1951182A (en) * | 2006-11-28 | 2007-04-25 | 厦门大学 | Organic blue crab breeding method |
| CN103478020A (en) * | 2012-06-14 | 2014-01-01 | 江苏红膏大闸蟹有限公司 | Polyculture method of river crabs, crayfish and mandarin fish |
| CN103430877A (en) * | 2013-08-02 | 2013-12-11 | 江苏农牧科技职业学院 | Comprehensive and ecological river crab pond culturing method |
| CN103718993A (en) * | 2013-11-27 | 2014-04-16 | 安徽省郎溪县水产管理站 | Ecological breeding method for efficient polyculture of river crabs, freshwater shrimps and pseudorasbora parva |
| CN103636542A (en) * | 2013-12-18 | 2014-03-19 | 上海市水产研究所 | Indoor artificial propagation method of rhodeus |
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