CN104054614A - Ecological polyculture method of river cabs, freshwater shrimps and rhodeus sinensis - Google Patents
Ecological polyculture method of river cabs, freshwater shrimps and rhodeus sinensis Download PDFInfo
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- CN104054614A CN104054614A CN201410317744.6A CN201410317744A CN104054614A CN 104054614 A CN104054614 A CN 104054614A CN 201410317744 A CN201410317744 A CN 201410317744A CN 104054614 A CN104054614 A CN 104054614A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ecological polyculture method of river cabs, freshwater shrimps and rhodeus sinensis, wherein the river cabs, the freshwater shrimps and the rhodeus sinensis are cultured in a mixed mode. The method includes the steps that stocking of crab species is conducted in the middle of March, the specification of young crabs ranges from 40 per jin to 50 per jin, and the stocking density ranges from 600 per mu to 800 per mu; the freshwater shrimps serve as shrimp species, a mode of mixed breeding for two times in one year is adopted, the first breeding is conducted in the middle of February, the stocking specification is that the size of the fresh shrimps ranges from 2 cm to 3 cm, the stocking density ranges from 15 kg/mu to 25 kg/mu, the second breeding is conducted in the end of June, the stocking specification is that the size of the fresh shrimps ranges from 0.7 cm to 1 cm, and the stocking density ranges from 50,000 per mu to 60,000 per mu; stocking of the rhodeus sinensis is conducted in February, the stocking density ranges from 350 per mu to 450 per mu, the male-female ratio ranges from 1:1.1 to 1:1.2, and meanwhile matched stocking of 200-300 anodonta woodianas is conducted. According to the method, the ecological complementarity of the river cabs, the freshwater shrimps and the rhodeus sinensis is adopted to conduct polyculture, the river cabs are mainly bred, the rhodeus sinensis is mainly used for removing residual feeds, the baits are fully utilized, the algae are the objects devoured by the river cabs and the freshwater shrimps, and the rhodeus sinensis is bred in a mixed mode to control the blue-green algae outbreak in the river cab pool.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of polyculture method of aquaculture kind, particularly the ecological polyculturing method of a kind of river crab, freshwater shrimp and Chinese Bitterling Welfare.
Background technology
In traditional culture of Chinese mitten crab, especially in summer, because water temperature is high, if remaining feed is removed not in time, will soon cause water quality to degenerate, affect river crab growth, for example the blue-green algae of outburst in summer is the major reason that causes river crab death, a lot of raisers deal with tired out to this, both spent money, do not have again effect.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is: the ecological cultivation method that provides a kind of river crab, freshwater shrimp and Chinese Bitterling Welfare to raise together with, can naturally obtain best breeding environment and ecological benefits, reduce the disease of breed variety, yield per unit area is high.
For achieving the above object, the ecological polyculturing method of river crab of the present invention, freshwater shrimp and Chinese Bitterling Welfare, comprises the following steps:
(1) prepare in pond;
(2) facility is built, and comprises anti-escape facility and oxygenation facility;
(3) pasture and water plantation;
(4) seed of crab kind, shrimp species and Chinese Bitterling Welfare is put in a suitable place to breed;
Crab kind: put in a suitable place to breed mid-March, young crab specification is 40～50/jin, breeding density is 600～800/mu;
Shrimp species: freshwater shrimp takes 1 year two batches of cover to support, and for the first time in mid-February, stocking size is 2～3cm/ tail, and breeding density is 15～25 kgs/acre, and for the second time by the end of June, stocking size is 0.7～1cm/ tail, and breeding density is 5～60,000 tail/mus;
China Bitterling Welfare: put into February, and breeding density is 350～450 tail/mus, and male and female proportioning 1:1.1～1:1.2 joins simultaneously and puts 200～300 of anodonta woodiana pacificas, for Chinese Bitterling Welfare breeding;
(5) regulating and controlling water quality;
(6) bait feeding;
(7) disease control.
The present invention raises together with river crab and freshwater shrimp, Chinese Bitterling Welfare, utilizes Chinese Bitterling Welfare to control crab pond blue-green algae, digests residual bait in water simultaneously, and freshwater shrimp cover is supported in crab pond, can effectively control water quality, can also make full use of breeding spaces and increase economic efficiency.
As preferably, step (1) pond one side is provided with beach face, and its excess-three face digs circular groove is set deeply the pool around, water inlet and discharge outlet is set bottom the mouth of the pool.
Further preferably, step (1) beach face accounts for 1/4th of pond area, and slope, than 1:2.5, is perched and looked for food in the above for river crab, and take full advantage of breeding spaces.
Further preferably, the dark 1.5～1.8m of step (1) circular groove, the hidden shelling of confession river crab, high temperature are avoided heat, anti-precocity.
Further preferably, step (1) water inlet becomes diagonal setting with discharge outlet, and discharge outlet is lower than water inlet, is beneficial to sewage at the bottom of the pool to get rid of.
Further preferably, step (1) seed is put in a suitable place to breed previous month with 75-100kg/ mu lime disinfection, then tans by the sun until chap at the bottom of the pool, before the water inlet of pool mouth, uses sufficient base manure, the fertilizer 100kg/ mu that discharges the rotten heat of fermentation, is so more conducive to the control of water environment.
As preferably, step (2) is anti-to be escaped facility and is located on the ridge, the pool, adopts long 2m, wide 0.8m, is highly that the double-layer plastic of 50cm surrounds, and to pond, tilted 15 spend.
As preferably, step (2) pond surrounding is done stake with waddy, buries one every 2m, and double-layer plastic is abutted in to waddy inner side and is buried in the earth 20-30cm, and ramming compacting, stamps eyelet by double-layer plastic, is fixed on timber with iron wire.
As preferably, step (2) oxygenation facility adopts billet formula aeration system, comprise supervisor, arm and micropore aeration pipe (joint), aerator power is supporting is the unit of three 3kw, and microporous pipe need arrange 2500m, and total steam line adopts plastic conduit, diameter is 60mm, propping up air supply pipe is microcellular rubber pipe, and diameter is 15mm, and length should not exceed 50m.Installation method is: total air supply pipe is erected at pond middle upper portion, higher than pond water peak level 10-15 ㎝, and runs through whole pond, is north-south.At total air supply pipe both sides interval 8-10m, level is laid a microporous pipe, and microporous pipe one end is connected on total air supply pipe, and the other end extends to from the ridge, pond 1m at a distance, and microporous pipe is fixed on higher than 10-15 ㎝ place at the bottom of pond, horizontal distribution with bamboo stake.
As preferably, step (3) pasture and water, taking waterweed, hydrilla verticillata and eel grass as main, are implemented many kinds interplantings; And waterweed is not cut to stubble in summer, add water, change water but utilize, maintain waterweed growth.
Further preferably, step (3) arranges 5-6m pasture and water band taking micropore arm as center line, and pasture and water band spacing is 3m.
As preferably, the young crab appendage of step (4) is complete, physique is healthy and strong; Shrimp species are in the same size, and appendage is complete, and physique stalwartness is movable quick.
As preferably, the described regulating and controlling water quality of step (5) is to start from mid-May, and the every 15 days 20～25cm that add water, after mid-June, keep peak level; During 6～September, every first quarter moon uses probiotics once, changes water 15～20cm every 5 days.
As preferably, the young crab of step (6) is thrown in early days taking the fresh small fish of chopping or concentrated feed as main, and the middle and later periods is strengthened throwing something and feeding of vegetal bait, after river crab reproduction shelling, strengthens throwing something and feeding of fresh fish, concentrated feed.
Further preferably, step (6) disposable input 400-500kg/ mu fresh and alive containing young spiral shell before and after clear and bright, spiral shell that so both can utilization input itself, also can utilize its spiral shell of breeding in the time of Clear and Bright, supplies river crab free choice feeding; China Bitterling Welfare is taking algae in residual bait and water as food; Freshwater shrimp is without other bait throwing in.
Further preferably, described vegetal bait comprises pumpkin pie, sweet potato silk, duckweed, potato.
As preferably, step (7) is every 15 days, with the quicklime water full pool spilling head of 10～15kg/ mu, and interval 5d before and after using with probiotics.
As preferably, step (7) mid-May and early September full pool spilling head cilium clean, control balantidiasis.
Technique effect
The present invention utilizes the integrated ecosystem of river crab and freshwater shrimp, Chinese Bitterling Welfare to raise together with, and taking culture of Chinese mitten crab as main, Chinese Bitterling Welfare, mainly as the removing person of residual bait, makes full use of bait.Algae is the object that river crab and freshwater shrimp eat, cover is supported the outburst of Chinese Bitterling Welfare blue-green algae from biologically controlled river crab pond, increase ecologic structure, the space multistory of cultivating pool simultaneously, Optimal culture pond ecotope, keep water quality stability, thereby realize the technique effect of high-yield, efficient, environmentally friendly.
The present invention also adopts micro-pore oxygenation facility, in increase water body dissolved oxygen, has increased output, specification and the quality of shrimp, crab, has accelerated the precipitation of suspension, has improved water transparency, has promoted the growth of pasture and water, has safeguarded the benign cycle of pond ecology.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
An ecological polyculturing method of river crab, freshwater shrimp and Chinese Bitterling Welfare, comprises the following steps:
1. prepare in pond
Selecting an open area is the soil property pond of 2.0 meters of 2 mus, the depth of water, and pond has abundant water resources, and depth of water building width, irrigation and drainage are convenient, mud is few, water quality is pure and fresh pollution-free, and soil property is clay.
Pond water inlet becomes diagonal setting with discharge outlet, and the position of discharge outlet is lower than water inlet, is located at mouth bottom, the pool.Build beach face and account for 1/4th of pond area, dark 1m, ratio of slope 1:2.5, its excess-three face is all built the zanjon of dark 1.8m.
Seed is put in a suitable place to breed and within previous month, uses 200kg lime disinfection, and, cleaning up the pond after sterilization, tan by the sun until chap at the bottom of the pool in full pond.Before the mouth water inlet of the pool, use sufficient base manure, discharge the fertilizer 200kg of the rotten heat of fermentation.
2. facility is built
(1) the anti-facility of escaping is built
Prevent that escaping facility build on the ridge, the pool, be highly 50cm, the angle that slopes inwardly is 15 degree, does stake in pond surrounding with waddy, buries one every 2m, by wide 0.8m, the double-layer plastic of long 2m abuts in waddy inner side, is buried in the earth 20-30cm, ramming compacting, on double-layer plastic, stamp eyelet, be fixed on timber with iron wire.
(2) installation of microporous pipeline aeration system
Adopt billet formula aeration system, aerator power is supporting is the unit of three 3kw, and total air supply pipe is erected to pond middle upper portion, higher than pond water peak level 10-15 ㎝, and runs through whole pond, is north-south.At total air supply pipe both sides interval 8-10m, level is laid a microporous pipe, and microporous pipe one end is connected on total air supply pipe, and the other end extends to from the ridge, pond 1m at a distance, and microporous pipe is fixed on higher than 10-15 ㎝ place at the bottom of pond, horizontal distribution with bamboo stake.
3. pasture and water plantation
5-6m pasture and water band is set taking micropore arm as center line, and pasture and water band spacing is 3m.
(1) pasture and water kind is taking waterweed, hydrilla verticillata and eel grass as main.
(2) in the time of summer, waterweed is not cut to stubble, add water but utilize, change water and regulating and controlling water quality at ordinary times, maintain waterweed growth.
4. seed is put in a suitable place to breed
Crab kind: the young crab that selecting specification is 50/jin of left and right, appendage is complete, physique is healthy and strong is put into pond at late March, mu is put 700 in a suitable place to breed.
Shrimp species: freshwater shrimp is overlapped foster at twice, put in a suitable place to breed in the same sizely, and appendage is complete, and physique stalwartness is movable quick.Put in a suitable place to breed in mid-February for first batch, specification is 2.0cm/ tail, 20 kilograms of mu stocking rates; After first batch of harvesting listing, put by the end of June second batch in a suitable place to breed, specification is 1.0cm/ tail, mu stocking rate 60,000 tails.
China Bitterling Welfare: every mu of February put Chinese Bitterling Welfare 400 tails in a suitable place to breed, male and female are than being 1:1.2, joins and puts 300 of anodonta woodiana pacificas for Chinese Bitterling Welfare breeding.
5. regulating and controlling water quality
Note at ordinary times observing change of water quality, start from mid-May, the every 15 days 25cm that add water, after mid-June, keep peak level.
The 6-8 month in summer, every first quarter moon used probiotics, changed water 20cm every 5 days.
6. bait feeding
River crab bait is selected manufactured feed and artitificial food according to the different phase of growing, and Chinese Bitterling Welfare is taking algae in residual bait and water as food, and freshwater shrimp is without other bait throwing in.The early stage fresh small fish taking chopping of children crab input or concentrated feed, as main, help it to recover physique, short its growth; In the middle and later periods of its growth, strengthen throwing something and feeding of vegetal bait sweet potato silk, duckweed, potato; After river crab reproduction shelling, strengthen throwing something and feeding of fresh fish, concentrated feed, make its rapid growth, growing and fattening.Before and after clear and bright, throw in the fresh and alive containing young spiral shell of 400～500kg for disposable every mu, spiral shell that so both can utilization input itself, also can utilize its spiral shell of breeding in the time of Clear and Bright, supplies river crab free choice feeding.Supplement in time according to the how much of spiral shell in pond season whole cultivation, ensure that river crab has sufficient fresh and alive biological feed to ingest, in artitificial food, add the element that shells, help it to grow.
See season, see weather, see water quality, see fish movement and timing, quantitatively, determine matter, bait feeding is carried out in location, every day the basis feeding volume that situation, active situation are grasped every day flexibly of ingesting.River crab is thrown something and fed 2 times every day, the morning when 8-10 once, afternoon when 4-6 once.
7. disease control
Every 15d, with quicklime 10-15kg/ mu water full pool spilling head (note uses front and back interval 5d with probiotics).Mid-May and early September full pool spilling head cilium clean, control balantidiasis.
8. daily management
Strengthen at ordinary times patrolling the pool, drive and kill into harmful animals such as the frog on the pool, mouse, snake, eels,, thunderstorm sky sultry in low pressure should prevent pond in anoxic, should note into discharge outlet, anti-ly escape facility and have or not breakage in typhoon season.Note antifreeze winter, fills it up with Chi Shui, makes the depth of water keep 120cm, if the water surface freezes, remove in time floating ice, prevents anoxic.
Two, cultivation result
First batch of freshwater shrimp of putting in a suitable place to breed is in harvesting listing successively in June then, second batch goes on the market in Second Year harvesting in January, river crab is harvesting listing successively after September, the dry pool in the January harvesting listing of China Bitterling Welfare Second Year, the results situation of three kinds of statistics, river crab, freshwater shrimp and tri-kinds of breed variety output per mu of Chinese Bitterling Welfare are respectively 95kg, 41.6kg and 36kg as seen from Table 1, and adding up to income is 30896 yuan.
Table 1 river crab, freshwater shrimp and Chinese Bitterling Welfare Polyculture results information slip
| Kind | Per mu yield (kg) | Unit price (unit/kg) | Total price (unit) |
| River crab | 95 | 120 | 22800 |
| Freshwater shrimp | 41.6 | 80 | 6656 |
| China Bitterling Welfare | 36 | 20 | 1440 |
| Add up to | 30896 |
Embodiment 2
The ecological polyculturing method of a kind of river crab, freshwater shrimp and Chinese Bitterling Welfare, substantially the same manner as Example 1, difference is that cultivating pool area is 3.0 mu, depth of water 1.6-1.8 rice, seed is put in a suitable place to breed and within previous month, uses 200kg lime disinfection, before the mouth water inlet of the pool, use sufficient base manure, discharge the fertilizer 200kg of the rotten heat of fermentation.The young crab that late March stocking size is 50/jin of left and right, appendage is complete, physique is healthy and strong, mu breeding density is 600; Putting shrimp species specification February in a suitable place to breed is 3.0cm/ tail, and breeding density is 15 kgs/acre, puts Chinese Bitterling Welfare 350 tail/mus in a suitable place to breed, and female-male proportion is 1:1.1, joins and puts 250 of anodonta woodiana pacificas for Chinese Bitterling Welfare breeding; After harvesting freshwater shrimp listing by the end of June, put second batch of shrimp seedling in a suitable place to breed, specification is 0.8-1.0cm/ tail, mu stocking rate 60,000 tails; Regulating and controlling water quality, bait feeding, disease control, daily management and harvest time are all substantially the same manner as Example 1, have obtained the economic benefit as table 2.Statistics can find out that river crab per mu yield reaches 102kg, and 43kg is felt in freshwater shrimp average yield per mu, and Chinese Bitterling Welfare average yield per mu reaches 31kg, and adding up to income is 30896 yuan, has obtained reasonable economic well-being of workers and staff.
Table 2 river crab, freshwater shrimp and Chinese Bitterling Welfare Polyculture results information slip
| Kind | Per mu yield (kg) | Unit price (unit/kg) | Total price (unit) |
| River crab | 102 | 120 | 36720 |
| Freshwater shrimp | 43 | 80 | 10320 |
| China Bitterling Welfare | 31 | 20 | 1860 |
| Add up to | 48900 |
Embodiment 3
An ecological polyculturing method of river crab, freshwater shrimp and Chinese Bitterling Welfare, substantially the same manner as Example 1, difference is that late March is put the young crab mu that crab kind specification is 40/jin of left and right, appendage is complete, physique is healthy and strong in a suitable place to breed and put 800 in a suitable place to breed; Putting shrimp species specification February in a suitable place to breed is 2.0cm/ tail, and breeding density is 25 kgs/acre; Put Chinese Bitterling Welfare 350 tail/mus in a suitable place to breed, male and female are pressed 1:1.2 pairing, join and put 300 of anodonta woodiana pacificas for Chinese Bitterling Welfare breeding; After harvesting freshwater shrimp listing by the end of June, put second batch of shrimp seedling at the beginning of 7 months in a suitable place to breed, specification is 1cm/ tail, mu stocking rate 50,000 tails; Regulating and controlling water quality, bait feeding, disease control, daily management and harvest time are all substantially the same manner as Example 1, have obtained the economic benefit as table 3.
Table 3 river crab, freshwater shrimp and Chinese Bitterling Welfare Polyculture results information slip
| Kind | Per mu yield (kg) | Unit price (unit/kg) | Total price (unit) |
| River crab | 130 | 120 | 31200 |
| Freshwater shrimp | 38 | 80 | 6080 |
| China Bitterling Welfare | 34.2 | 20 | 1368 |
| Add up to | 38648 |
This Polyculture utilizes the integrated ecosystem of river crab and freshwater shrimp, Chinese Bitterling Welfare to raise together with, make full use of bait, increase ecologic structure, the space multistory of cultivating pool, Optimal culture pond ecotope, keep water quality stability, thereby realize the technique effect of high-yield, efficient, environmentally friendly.
Claims (10)
1. an ecological polyculturing method of river crab, freshwater shrimp and Chinese Bitterling Welfare, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) prepare in pond;
(2) facility is built, and comprises anti-escape facility and oxygenation facility;
(3) pasture and water plantation;
(4) seed of crab kind, shrimp species and Chinese Bitterling Welfare is put in a suitable place to breed;
Crab kind: put in a suitable place to breed mid-March, young crab specification is 40～50/jin, breeding density is 600～800/mu;
Shrimp species: freshwater shrimp takes 1 year two batches of cover to support, and for the first time in mid-February, stocking size is 2～3cm/ tail, and breeding density is 15～25 kgs/acre, and for the second time by the end of June, stocking size is 0.7～1cm/ tail, and breeding density is 5～60,000 tail/mus;
China Bitterling Welfare: put into February, and breeding density is 350～450 tail/mus, and male and female proportioning 1:1.1～1:1.2 joins simultaneously and puts 200～300 of anodonta woodiana pacificas;
(5) regulating and controlling water quality;
(6) bait feeding;
(7) disease control.
2. the ecological polyculturing method of river crab according to claim 1, freshwater shrimp and Chinese Bitterling Welfare, is characterized in that, the described pond one side of step (1) is provided with beach face, and its excess-three face digs circular groove is set deeply around the pool, and mouth bottom in the pool arranges water inlet and discharge outlet.
3. the ecological polyculturing method of river crab according to claim 2, freshwater shrimp and Chinese Bitterling Welfare, is characterized in that, described beach face accounts for 1/4th of pond area, 1:2.5 is compared on slope, dark 1.5～the 1.8m of circular groove, water inlet becomes diagonal setting with discharge outlet, and discharge outlet is lower than water inlet.
4. the ecological polyculturing method of river crab according to claim 1, freshwater shrimp and Chinese Bitterling Welfare, it is characterized in that, the described anti-facility of escaping of step (2) is located on the ridge, the pool, adopts long 2m, wide 0.8m, is highly that the double-layer plastic of 50cm surrounds, and to pond, tilted 15 spend.
5. the ecological polyculturing method of river crab according to claim 1, freshwater shrimp and Chinese Bitterling Welfare, is characterized in that, the described pasture and water of step (3), taking waterweed, hydrilla verticillata and eel grass as main, are implemented many kinds interplantings; Waterweed is not cut to stubble in summer, and add water, change water, maintain waterweed growth.
6. the ecological polyculturing method of river crab according to claim 1, freshwater shrimp and Chinese Bitterling Welfare, is characterized in that, the described regulating and controlling water quality of step (5) is to start from mid-May, and the every 15 days 20～25cm that add water, after mid-June, keep peak level; During 6～September, every first quarter moon uses probiotics once, changes water 15～20cm every 5 days.
7. the ecological polyculturing method of river crab according to claim 6, freshwater shrimp and Chinese Bitterling Welfare, it is characterized in that, the described disease control of step (7) is every 15 days, with the quicklime water full pool spilling head of 10～15kg/ mu, and interval 5d before and after using with probiotics.
8. the ecological polyculturing method of river crab according to claim 1, freshwater shrimp and Chinese Bitterling Welfare, it is characterized in that, the described bait of step (6) is thrown in early days taking the fresh small fish of chopping or concentrated feed as main young crab, middle and later periods is strengthened throwing something and feeding of vegetal bait, after river crab reproduction shelling, strengthen throwing something and feeding of fresh fish, concentrated feed.
9. the ecological polyculturing method of river crab according to claim 8, freshwater shrimp and Chinese Bitterling Welfare, is characterized in that, before and after Clear and Bright, disposable input 400-500kg/ mu is fresh and alive containing young spiral shell.
10. the ecological polyculturing method of river crab according to claim 8, freshwater shrimp and Chinese Bitterling Welfare, is characterized in that, vegetal bait comprises pumpkin pie, sweet potato silk, duckweed, potato.
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| CN104756911A (en) * | 2015-04-01 | 2015-07-08 | 江苏农牧科技职业学院 | Ecological 3D breeding method of bitterling and odontobutis obscura |
| CN104770317A (en) * | 2015-04-03 | 2015-07-15 | 江苏农牧科技职业学院 | Ecological mixed aquaculture method for bitterling and crayfish |
| CN105028263A (en) * | 2015-06-19 | 2015-11-11 | 赵永志 | Method for fish and mussel polyculture feeding of grass carps |
| CN106577417A (en) * | 2016-11-08 | 2017-04-26 | 苏州大学 | Method for controlling number of crayfishes in crab pond |
| CN107258411A (en) * | 2017-06-20 | 2017-10-20 | 合肥卓畅农业科技有限公司 | The method for supporting freshwater shrimp is covered in a kind of rice terrace |
| CN108834947A (en) * | 2018-06-06 | 2018-11-20 | 上海市水产研究所 | A kind of polyculture method of hairtail and river crab, freshwater shrimp |
| CN109042401A (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2018-12-21 | 江苏省农业科学院宿迁农科所 | A kind of ecological cultivation method of river crab intercropping freshwater shrimp and channel catfish |
| CN109874715A (en) * | 2019-04-09 | 2019-06-14 | 上海海洋大学 | One seed shrimp-crab pond ecological breeding system and its cultural method |
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