CN102893937A - Efficient carp farming method by using free-of-water changing pond - Google Patents
Efficient carp farming method by using free-of-water changing pond Download PDFInfo
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- CN102893937A CN102893937A CN2012104475087A CN201210447508A CN102893937A CN 102893937 A CN102893937 A CN 102893937A CN 2012104475087 A CN2012104475087 A CN 2012104475087A CN 201210447508 A CN201210447508 A CN 201210447508A CN 102893937 A CN102893937 A CN 102893937A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
An efficient carp farming method by using a free-of-water changing pond relates to a carp farming method. The efficient carp farming method aims at solving the problems of low farming efficiency, serious per se pollution to a farming water body and low survival rate of carps existing in the traditional farming method. The efficient carp farming method provided by the invention comprises the following steps: 1. setting of pond conditions; 2. fish seed farming; 3. feedstuff feeding; 4. farming management; and 5. regulation and control of water quality. The efficient carp farming method has the advantages of being free of discharging of farming sewage in the farming process and pollution to surrounding environments and capable of effectively increasing the survival rate of carps. The efficient carp farming method is applied to the field of carp farming.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the cultural method of a kind of carp.
Background technology
At present, the pond culture pattern that tradition is changed ability of swimming has mostly been continued to use in the cultivation of carp.Yet, the traditional pond culture of fish is carried out take a large amount of consumption of natural resource as cost, namely show as land resources is occupied increasing, increasing and living resources are consumed increasing etc. to water resources consumption, and in breeding process, organic a large amount of accumulation such as the corpse of residual bait, ight soil, dead organisms, the sediments of breeding water body, ammonia nitrogen and content of nitrite significantly raise, cultured fishes and surrounding enviroment are constituted a serious threat, the survival rate of carp only is about 85%, has seriously hindered the Sustainable Healthy Development of pond culture.Therefore, development a kind ofly can reduce the Aquacultural water self-pollution, reduce breeding wastewater discharge, improve the cultured fishes food utilization efficiency energy-conservation, reduce discharging, the pond culture mode is imperative efficiently.
Summary of the invention
The present invention will solve that cultivation efficient is low in the existing cultural method, the breeding water body self-pollution serious and the low problem of carp survival rate, provides a kind of carp zero to change the pool, pond high-efficiency breeding method.
A kind of carp of the present invention zero is changed the pool, pond high-efficiency breeding method and carries out according to the following steps: one, pond condition: 5～15 mu of pond areas, and 1.8～2.5 meters of the pond waters degree of depth are equipped with one of device for feeding fish bait, and every mu by 0.7～1 kilowatt of outfit aerator; Front 7～10 days of fingerling stocking, with the dry method of guicklime sterilization, the quicklime consumption is 70～75,000 g/acres;
Two, fingerling stocking: select neat specification, body surface is complete, and without deformity, anosis fingerling without wound is put; Breeding density and specification are as follows: loose Pu mirror carp 100～110kg/ mu, specification 100～200g/ tail; Silver carp 20～25kg/ mu, specification 50～100g/ tail; Flathead 10～16kg/ mu, specification 50～100g/ tail; Grass carp 5～8kg/ mu, specification 100～200g/ tail;
Three, feedstuff feeding: the feed of throwing something and feeding is the marketable fish manufactured feed; When every meal is thrown something and fed, there is 60～70% fish to leave and stops to throw something and feed, throw something and feed every day 3～5 times;
Four, aquaculture management: in breeding process, do not change water, only replenish evaporation and water amount of seepage;
Five, regulating and controlling water quality: by adding molasses, water quality is improved, according to model A=H * S * (30 * C
TAN-N-38)/1000 calculate molasses and add total amount, wherein A is that molasses add total amount, and unit is kg; H is the pond depth of water, and unit is m; S is the pond area, and unit is m
2C
TAN-NBe the initial total ammonia nitrogen concentration in pond, unit is mg/L; When if the water body ammonia nitrogen concentration reaches 1.5mg/L～3mg/L, disposable interpolation molasses; When if the water body ammonia nitrogen concentration is higher than 3mg/L, molasses to be added total amount divide and insert the pond 2-3 time, the each interpolation being spaced apart 2-3 days.
Carp of the present invention zero is changed the pool, pond high-efficiency breeding method and changes on the water base plinth at breeding water body zero, promote endogenous microbes amount reproduction in the pond waters by artificial interpolation carbohydrate, utilize endogenous microbes assimilation inorganic nitrogen, be converted into mycoprotein, in order to reduce harmful nitrogenous source such as ammoniacal nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen in the cultivating pool, improve the culture-pool water quality environment.Simultaneously, heterotrophic bacteria forms microorganism flocculation group through further flocculation, ingested by carp and silver carp bighead, water saving, energy-conservation, reduce discharging on the basis, play regulation and control water quality, promote the Cycle of nutrients recycling, the effect that improves the carp survival rate.And in breeding process, do not have aquaculture wastewater to discharge, can not produce pollution to surrounding enviroment, so this cultural method can produce good ecological benefits and social benefit.
Embodiment
Embodiment one: a kind of carp of present embodiment zero is changed the pool, pond high-efficiency breeding method and carries out according to the following steps: one, pond condition: 5～15 mu of pond areas, 1.8～2.5 meters of the pond waters degree of depth, be equipped with one of device for feeding fish bait, every mu by 0.7～1 kilowatt of outfit aerator; Front 7～10 days of fingerling stocking, with the dry method of guicklime sterilization, the quicklime consumption is 70～75,000 g/acres;
Two, fingerling stocking: select neat specification, body surface is complete, and without deformity, anosis fingerling without wound is put; Breeding density and specification are as follows: loose Pu mirror carp 100～110kg/ mu, specification 100～200g/ tail; Silver carp 20～25kg/ mu, specification 50～100g/ tail; Flathead 10～16kg/ mu, specification 50～100g/ tail; Grass carp 5～8kg/ mu, specification 100～200g/ tail;
Three, feedstuff feeding: the feed of throwing something and feeding is the marketable fish manufactured feed; When every meal is thrown something and fed, there is 60～70% fish to leave and stops to throw something and feed, throw something and feed every day 3～5 times;
Four, aquaculture management: in breeding process, do not change water, only replenish evaporation and water amount of seepage;
Five, regulating and controlling water quality: by adding molasses, water quality is improved, according to model A=H * S * (30 * C
TAN-N-38)/1000 calculate molasses and add total amount, wherein A is that molasses add total amount, and unit is kg; H is the pond depth of water, and unit is m; S is the pond area, and unit is m
2C
TAN-NBe the initial total ammonia nitrogen concentration in pond, unit is mg/L; When if the water body ammonia nitrogen concentration reaches 1.5mg/L～3mg/L, disposable interpolation molasses; When if the water body ammonia nitrogen concentration is higher than 3mg/L, molasses to be added total amount divide and insert the pond 2-3 time, the each interpolation being spaced apart 2-3 days.
The feed that present embodiment is thrown something and fed is the commercially available prod, is the marketable fish manufactured feed that is fit to the different vegetative stages of carp.
Present embodiment is in cultivation early stage, according to fish movement situation and weather, water quality situation, when dissolved oxygen is lower than 4mg/L, namely opens aerator oxygenation; Cultivate mid-term, in the afternoon reach every day and respectively open aerator oxygenation once early morning, each 2-3 hour, high temperature season increased by 1～2 hour at every turn; In the cultivation later stage, can consider round-the-clock oxygenation according to the water quality situation.
The carp of present embodiment zero is changed the pool, pond high-efficiency breeding method and changes on the water base plinth at breeding water body zero, promote endogenous microbes amount reproduction in the pond waters by artificial interpolation carbohydrate, utilize endogenous microbes assimilation inorganic nitrogen, be converted into mycoprotein, in order to reduce harmful nitrogenous source such as ammoniacal nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen in the cultivating pool, improve the culture-pool water quality environment.Simultaneously, heterotrophic bacteria forms microorganism flocculation group through further flocculation, ingested by carp and silver carp bighead, water saving, energy-conservation, reduce discharging on the basis, play regulation and control water quality, promote the Cycle of nutrients recycling, the effect that improves the carp survival rate.And in breeding process, do not have aquaculture wastewater to discharge, can not produce pollution to surrounding enviroment, so this cultural method can produce good ecological benefits and social benefit.
Embodiment two: what present embodiment and embodiment one were different is that breeding density is loose Pu mirror carp 105kg/ mu in the step 2; Silver carp 22.5kg/ mu; Flathead 15kg/ mu; Grass carp 7.5kg/ mu.Other is identical with embodiment one.
Embodiment three: what present embodiment was different from embodiment one or two is that throw something and feed 4 every day in the step 3.Other is identical with embodiment one or two.
Embodiment four: what present embodiment was different from one of embodiment one to three is, the interpolation time of molasses is the fine morning in the step 5, addition manner be full pond evenly splash or the pond on public attention evenly splash, open aerator during interpolation, two weeks must not use bactericide after adding the last fortnight and adding.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to three.
By following verification experimental verification beneficial effect of the present invention:
Test 1: a kind of carp zero is changed the pool, pond high-efficiency breeding method and carries out according to the following steps: one, pond condition: the pond area is 13 mu, and 1.8～2.5 meters of the pond waters degree of depth are equipped with one of device for feeding fish bait, are equipped with 3 in 3kw aerator; Front 7 days of fingerling stocking, with the dry method of guicklime sterilization, the quicklime consumption is 70,000 g/acres;
Two, fingerling stocking: select neat specification, body surface is complete, and without deformity, anosis fingerling without wound is put; Breeding density and specification are as follows: loose Pu mirror carp 105kg/ mu, specification 107g/ tail; Silver carp 22.5kg/ mu, specification 50g/ tail; Flathead 15kg/ mu, specification 81g/ tail; Grass carp 7.5kg/ mu, specification 141g/ tail;
Three, feedstuff feeding: the feed of throwing something and feeding is for being fit to the marketable fish manufactured feed of the different vegetative stages of carp; When every meal is thrown something and fed, there is 60～70% fish to leave and stops to throw something and feed, throw something and feed every day 4 times;
Four, aquaculture management: in breeding process, do not change water, only replenish evaporation and water amount of seepage;
Five, regulating and controlling water quality: by adding molasses, water quality is improved, according to model A=H * S * (30 * C
TAN-N-38)/1000 calculate molasses and add total amount, wherein A is that molasses add total amount, and unit is kg; H is the pond depth of water, and unit is m; S is the pond area, and unit is m
2C
TAN-NBe the initial total ammonia nitrogen concentration in pond, unit is mg/L; When if the water body ammonia nitrogen concentration reaches 1.5mg/L～3mg/L, disposable interpolation molasses; When if the water body ammonia nitrogen concentration is higher than 3mg/L, molasses to be added total amount divide and insert the pond 2-3 time, the each interpolation being spaced apart 2-3 days.The interpolation time of molasses is the fine morning, and addition manner is that public attention is evenly splashed on the pond, opens aerator during interpolation, does not use any insecticidal bactericide in the whole breeding process.
Result of the test: 1, in the whole breeding process, water temperature is between 15-25 ℃, and average water temperature is 21 ℃.More than the dissolved oxygen 4mg/L; It is following with below the 0.2mg/L that total ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen remain on respectively 1.8mg/L.The fish body occurs without any disease in whole breeding process.
2, this test is carried out (Harbin City's Hulan District) at the long-term lower high latitude area of mean temperature, and the average water temperature of duration of test only has 21 ℃, and the fish growth phase is shorter.However, through the cultivation of a culture-cycle (more than 150 days), long the increment multiple reaches 8.2 to the average weight of loose Pu mirror carp to the 982g when going out the pool from 107g, and survival rate reaches 99.6%, and output reaches 963kg/ mu; The increment multiple of collocation fingerling silver carp, flathead and grass carp is respectively 7.3,4.5 and 8.7, and survival rate is respectively 99.8%, 100% and 100%; Gross yield reaches 1304kg/ mu (table 1).
Table 1 fingerling stocking and cultured output
From result of the test as can be known, compare with the water cultural method of changing traditional under this cultivation density, every mu of the cultural method of this test can be saved 0.33 ten thousand ton of underground water, and can save to take out and annotate the energy cost that corresponding water is paid; And greatly improved carp and with the survival rates of its collocation fish; Owing in breeding process, there is not aquaculture wastewater to discharge, can not produce pollution to surrounding enviroment, ecological benefits and social benefit are better.
Claims (4)
1. a carp zero is changed the pool, pond high-efficiency breeding method, it is characterized in that carp zero changes the pool, pond high-efficiency breeding method and carry out according to the following steps: one, pond condition: 5～15 mu of pond areas, 1.8～2.5 meters of the pond waters degree of depth, be equipped with one of device for feeding fish bait, every mu by 0.7～1 kilowatt of outfit aerator; Front 7～10 days of fingerling stocking, with the dry method of guicklime sterilization, the quicklime consumption is 70～75,000 g/acres;
Two, fingerling stocking: select neat specification, body surface is complete, and without deformity, anosis fingerling without wound is put; Breeding density and specification are as follows: loose Pu mirror carp 100～110kg/ mu, specification 100～200g/ tail; Silver carp 20～25kg/ mu, specification 50～100g/ tail; Flathead 10～16kg/ mu, specification 50～100g/ tail; Grass carp 5～8kg/ mu, specification 100～200g/ tail;
Three, feedstuff feeding: the feed of throwing something and feeding is the marketable fish manufactured feed; When every meal is thrown something and fed, there is 60～70% fish to leave and stops to throw something and feed, throw something and feed every day 3～5 times;
Four, aquaculture management: in breeding process, do not change water, only replenish evaporation and water amount of seepage;
Five, regulating and controlling water quality: by adding molasses, water quality is improved, according to model A=H * S * (30 * C
TAN-N-38)/1000 calculate molasses and add total amount, wherein A is that molasses add total amount, and unit is kg; H is the pond depth of water, and unit is m; S is the pond area, and unit is m
2C
TAN-NBe the initial total ammonia nitrogen concentration in pond, unit is mg/L; When if the water body ammonia nitrogen concentration reaches 1.5mg/L～3mg/L, disposable interpolation molasses; When if the water body ammonia nitrogen concentration is higher than 3mg/L, molasses to be added total amount divide and insert the pond 2-3 time, the each interpolation being spaced apart 2-3 days.
2. a kind of carp according to claim 1 zero is changed the pool, pond high-efficiency breeding method, it is characterized in that breeding density is loose Pu mirror carp 105kg/ mu in the step 2; Silver carp 22.5kg/ mu; Flathead 15kg/ mu; Grass carp 7.5kg/ mu.
3. a kind of carp according to claim 1 zero is changed the pool, pond high-efficiency breeding method, it is characterized in that in the step 3 throwing something and feeding 4 times every day.
4. a kind of carp according to claim 1 zero is changed the pool, pond high-efficiency breeding method, the interpolation time that it is characterized in that molasses in the step 5 is the fine morning, addition manner be full pond evenly splash or the pond on public attention evenly splash, open aerator during interpolation, two weeks must not use bactericide after adding the last fortnight and adding.
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| CN103222438A (en) * | 2013-05-15 | 2013-07-31 | 中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所 | High-yield efficient pond farming method of Songpu mirror carp in alpine region |
| CN103283641A (en) * | 2013-03-09 | 2013-09-11 | 盐城工学院 | High-yield cultivation method of carassius auratus gibelio in coastal saline-alkaline water pond |
| CN104186392A (en) * | 2014-09-15 | 2014-12-10 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Efficient engineering pond farming method for paralichthys olivaceus |
| CN104521813A (en) * | 2014-12-08 | 2015-04-22 | 刘长华 | Carp aquaculture method |
| CN105454659A (en) * | 2015-11-24 | 2016-04-06 | 苏州市阳澄湖现代农业产业园特种水产养殖有限公司 | Carp pond culture method by use of Chinese herbal medicine |
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| CN105941214A (en) * | 2016-05-10 | 2016-09-21 | 中国科学院水生生物研究所 | Method reducing fish culture pond water body nitrogen phosphor content and improving culture output |
| CN106212344A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2016-12-14 | 南通华鎏水产有限公司 | The method for breeding of channel catfish |
| CN106259097A (en) * | 2016-08-16 | 2017-01-04 | 西双版纳傣泐振宇农业科技有限公司 | A kind of ecological cultivation method of Cyprinus carpio |
| CN106665417A (en) * | 2016-11-26 | 2017-05-17 | 全椒县民族水产养殖专业合作社 | Cultivating method of grass carp |
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| CN108935239A (en) * | 2018-07-24 | 2018-12-07 | 中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所 | A kind of method in graining-herbage collective species cultivation improvement salt-soda soil |
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| CN108935238A (en) * | 2018-07-24 | 2018-12-07 | 中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所 | A kind of method in carp-herbage collective species cultivation improvement salt-soda soil |
| CN111285475A (en) * | 2020-03-20 | 2020-06-16 | 盐城工学院 | Aquaculture waste resource utilization method |
| CN114009394A (en) * | 2021-11-03 | 2022-02-08 | 中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所 | Culture system for in-situ remediation and utilization of pond bottom mud and pond bottom mud remediation and utilization method |
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