CN103283641B - A kind of hybridized prussian carp is at coastal saline-alkali water pond high-yield cultivation method - Google Patents
A kind of hybridized prussian carp is at coastal saline-alkali water pond high-yield cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of hybridized prussian carp at coastal saline-alkali water pond high-yield cultivation method, described method comprises the steps: that (1) builds pond; (2) pond disinfection; (3) fingerling stocking; (4) bait feeding; (5) regulating and controlling water quality; (6) disease prevention and cure.The invention provides one and can realize hybridized prussian carp at coastal saline-alkali water pond high-yield cultivation method, improve output and the survival rate of hybridized prussian carp, strengthen economic benefit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Fish-water Fish Farming method, especially a kind of hybridized prussian carp that is used for is at coastal saline-alkali water pond high-yield cultivation method.
Background technology
Hybridized prussian carp (Allogynogenetic crucian carp) is the new object of a kind of crucian cultivation that the fish breeding expert of Inst. of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences succeeded in developing in 1976 ~ 1981 years, it utilizes the upright pond crucian carp of Natural Gynogenesis to be female parent, take Singuo Red Carp as male parent, through the filial generation that artificial insemination is bred.Its progeny character is not separated, and is extremely conducive to go down to posterity breeding and the expanding production of hybridized prussian carp seed.Allogynogenetic crucian carp speed is male parent fast 34.7% comparatively, and faster than common crucian 2 ~ 3 times, generally seed can grow to 200 ~ 250g then.This kind is applicable to Coastal beach saline-alkali water pond, more than 60 ten thousand mu of hybridized prussian carp cultured areas are had at the Yancheng in Jiangsu, account for 1/3rd of the national hybridized prussian carp cultivation gross area, its cultured output and benefit are also higher than other areas simultaneously, become the marketable fish base that the whole nation is important.But, the hybridized prussian carp output of traditional cultural method institute output of hybridized prussian carp is lower, in addition cultivate costly, affect the advance of hybridized prussian carp aquaculture industry always, therefore, improving of hybridized prussian carp cultural technique code has greatly impetus to coastal exploitation and coastal new countryside construction.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the shortcoming overcoming prior art, provide one can realize hybridized prussian carp at coastal saline-alkali water pond high-yield cultivation method, improve output and the survival rate of hybridized prussian carp, strengthen economic benefit.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention proposes a kind of hybridized prussian carp at coastal saline-alkali water pond high-yield cultivation method, described method comprises the steps:
(1) pond is built: pond area: 7 ~ 15hm
2/; The degree of depth: 1.8 ~ 2.5m; Surrounding circular groove in pond: furrow width 10 ~ 15m, ditch depth 1 ~ 1.2m; Pond surrounding carries out bank protection: upper top width 4 ~ 6m, and slope is than 1: 1;
(2) pond disinfection: steep pond 1 week with the seawater of salinity 20 ~ 25, then use 2250 ~ 2500kg/hm
2quicklime or 75 ~ 100kg/hm
2bleaching powder clean up the pond, pond intakes after dry clearly 7 days;
(3) fingerling stocking: adult fish culture pond carassius auratus gibelio species stocking size is 50 ~ 100g/ tail, 30000 ~ 38000 tails/hm
2;
(4) bait feeding: artificial grain's feed of throwing something and feeding, adopts device for feeding fish bait to throw something and feed, throws 3 ~ 4 every day, feed coefficient 1.5 ~ 1.7;
(5) regulating and controlling water quality: in late May to early October, uses microorganism formulation, and improvement pond water environment, between pH value to 7.5 ~ 8.5 with quicklime adjustment water; Be equipped with paddle aerator 1/hm
2, make the water-soluble oxygen amount in pond remain on more than 5mg/L, described microorganism formulation be selected from EM bacterium, photosynthetic bacteria, nitrifier one or more;
(6) disease prevention and cure: every 10 ~ 15 days full pool spilling head quicklime, bleaching powder, fishes and shrimps peace, the generation of prevention fish disease, the pharmaceutical chemistry 2 times of monthly throwing something and feeding.
Wherein, steep pond 1 week with the seawater of salinity 20 ~ 25, reason is the coastal condition having seawater, gathers materials on the spot, saving resource, and seawater is very effective for the middle contracting master of pond disinfection and the many harmful organisms of suppression, greatly reduces the frequency of disease generation.
Described regulating and controlling water quality is a ring important in cultivating link, uses microorganism formulation in the season that temperature is applicable to, and as EM bacterium, photosynthetic bacteria, nitrifier etc., within 15 days, uses 1 secondary pollutant bacterium, microorganism formulation depending on medicining condition, improvement pond water environment.Between pH value to 7.5 ~ 8.5 irregularly with quicklime adjustment water, microorganism formulation and quicklime can not use simultaneously; Be equipped with paddle aerator, 1/hm
2, power 3KW/ platform, makes the water-soluble oxygen amount in pond remain on more than 5mg/L.
Described disease prevention and cure, mainly take the method for putting prevention first.To the heavier disease of the harm such as crucian " explosive bacteriosis ", " epidermis hemorrhage ", need prevent in advance, adopt " for oral administration outer disappear " in conjunction with therapy, monthly need to throw something and feed pharmaceutical chemistry 2 times, reduces the generation of fish disease.Strict implement relevant operational code, one is the use controlling forbidden drug; Two is strict grasp safe off-drug periods.
Further preferably, in step (1), described pond surrounding cement concrete or fragment of brick bank protection.
Because coastal soil structure is poor, belong to silty sand saline-alkali soil, meet water electrode and easily cave in, ancient employing cement concrete or fragment of brick bank protection, to keep the stability in pond.
Further preferably, in step (2), the condition of water quality to pond water inlet is: condition of water quality: salinity 0.5 ~ 3; PH value 7.5 ~ 8.5, basicity 1 ~ 8mmol/L.
Wherein, as long as meet fishery water water standard GB11607-89, allow certain salinity and basicity, salinity is no more than 3, and basicity is no more than the water body of 8mmol/L; PH with 7.5 ~ 8.5 as well.
Further preferably, in step (3), take the silver carp of foster 125 ~ 250g/ tail, Variegated 50 ~ 800 tails/hm
2.
Further preferably, in step (4), during late May to early October, July, August, every day in September throw something and feed 4 times, and other every day in month throws something and feeds 3 times, bait particle diameter: use ￠ 1.0mm 5 ~ June, 7 ~ August, with 1.5 ~ 2.0mm, uses ￠ 2.5 ~ 3.0mm after September; Nutritional requirement: 5 ~ June albumen 35%; 7 ~ August protein 32 % ~ 34%; After September, albumen is less than or equal to 33%.。
Further preferably, in step (5), within 15 days, use 1 microorganism formulation, microorganism formulation and quicklime individually use.
Further preferably, in step (3), to carry out disinfection 5 ~ 10min with 3% ~ 5% saline solution before fingerling enters pond.
So can ensure that the entirety in pond cleans and the surviving smoothly of fingerling further.
Further preferably, the cultivation survival rate of described hybridized prussian carp is 96% ~ 99%, hybridized prussian carp weight 0.4 ~ 0.6kg/ tail, per unit area yield output 16411 ~ 18310kg/hm
2.
Further preferably, the cultivation survival rate of described silver carp and bighead is 96% ~ 99%, and silver carp weight is 1.5 ~ 1.79kg/ tail, silver carp output 658 ~ 1172kg/hm
2, bighead weight 1.8 ~ 2.2kg/ tail, bighead output 647 ~ 1069kg/hm
2.
The present invention compared with prior art, has following useful effect:
(1) cultivating pool is comparatively large, reaches 7 ~ 15hm
2/, water body is comparatively dark, and can reach 1.8 ~ 2.5m, flinty slope has been carried out in pond;
(2) culturing area of this method borders on the sea, and utilizes coastal seawater to carry out disinfection, than a large amount of high by drug disinfection economy, efficiency, to produce product safety quality good.Pond is steeped 1 week, the large many germs of havoc of energy and the central link of the parasitic history of life with the seawater of salinity 20 ~ 25;
(3) this method is to put hybridized prussian carp in a suitable place to breed, silver carp kind and Variegated are put in collocation in a suitable place to breed, because cultivation density is large, daily ration, feeding quantity is also large, plankton breeding in water is fast, density is large, and silver carp take phytoplankton as main bait, and bighead take zooplankton as main bait, put these collocation fingerlings in right amount in a suitable place to breed and both can obtain certain economic benefit, also can safeguard good pond ecosystem;
(4) this method all adopts granular bait for fish, and throws something and feeds with device for feeding fish bait, 3 ~ 4hm
2the water surface is joined 1 machine and is thrown something and fed.Be conducive to cultivating in flakes on a large scale, expand the scale of industrialization;
(5) conventional biologic product and the aerator of using regulates and controls water quality, reduces the density of harmful levels of pathogens, improves the content of dissolved oxygen in water, build excellent water ecological setting.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
The present embodiment comprises the steps:
(1) pond condition: area: 7hm
2/; The degree of depth: 2.5m; Carry out bank protection with cement and fragment of brick, slope is compared: 1: 1.
(2) condition of water quality: meet fishery water standard GB11607-89, salinity 3; Basicity: 4mmol/L.
(3) pond disinfection: steep pond 1 week with the seawater of salinity 20-25, use 2250kg/hm
2lime disinfection, pond intakes after dry clearly 7 days.
(4) fingerling stocking: specification 60g/ tail, 35000 tails/hm
2.Take the silver carp kind 450 tails/hm of foster 200g/ tail
2, 150g/ tail Variegated 600 tails/hm
2.
(5) bait feeding: artificial grain's feed of mainly throwing something and feeding, adopts device for feeding fish bait, throws 3 ~ 4 every day, feed coefficient 1.5.
(6) regulating and controlling water quality: in late May to early October, uses microorganism formulation, as EM bacterium, photosynthetic bacteria, nitrifier etc., and improvement pond water environment.Between pH value to 7.5 ~ 8.5 irregularly with quicklime adjustment water; Be equipped with aerator, 1/hm
2, power 3KW/ platform, makes the water-soluble oxygen amount in pond remain on more than 5mg/L.
(7) disease prevention and cure: the medicines such as regular full pool spilling head quicklime, bleaching powder, fishes and shrimps peace, the generation of prevention fish disease.To the heavier disease of the harm such as crucian " explosive bacteriosis ", " epidermis hemorrhage ", need prevent in advance, adopt " for oral administration outer disappear " in conjunction with therapy, monthly need to throw something and feed pharmaceutical chemistry 2 times, reduces the generation of fish disease, increase economic efficiency.
Culturing time is 155 days, hybridized prussian carp: survival rate more than 98%, specification 480g/ tail, output 16464kg/hm
2; Silver carp: survival rate 97%, specification 1780g/ tail, output 777kg/hm
2; Bighead: survival rate 99%, specification 1800g/ tail, output 1069kg/hm
2.
Embodiment 2:
The present embodiment comprises the steps:
(1) pond condition: area: 10hm
2/; The degree of depth: 2.2m; Carry out bank protection with cement and fragment of brick, slope is compared: 1: 1.
(2) condition of water quality: meet fishery water standard GB11607-89, salinity 1.5; Basicity: 6mmol/L.
(3) pond disinfection: steep pond 1 week with the seawater of salinity 20-25, use 2500kg/hm
2lime disinfection, pond intakes after dry clearly 7 days.
(4) fingerling stocking: specification is 70g/ tail, 30000 tails/hm
2.Take the silver carp kind 375 tails/hm of foster 250g/ tail
2, 250g/ tail Variegated 500 tails/hm
2.
(5) bait feeding: artificial grain's feed of mainly throwing something and feeding, adopts device for feeding fish bait, throws 3 ~ 4 every day, feed coefficient 1.6.
(6) regulating and controlling water quality: in late May to early October, uses microorganism formulation, as EM bacterium, photosynthetic bacteria, nitrifier etc., and improvement pond water environment.Between pH value to 7.5 ~ 8.5 irregularly with quicklime adjustment water; Be equipped with aerator 1/hm
2, power 3KW/ platform, makes the water-soluble oxygen amount in pond remain on more than 5mg/L.
(7) disease prevention and cure: the medicines such as regular full pool spilling head quicklime, bleaching powder, fishes and shrimps peace, the generation of prevention fish disease.To the heavier disease of the harm such as crucian " explosive bacteriosis ", " epidermis hemorrhage ", need prevent in advance, adopt " for oral administration outer disappear " in conjunction with therapy, monthly need to throw something and feed pharmaceutical chemistry 2 times, reduces the generation of fish disease, increase economic efficiency.
Culturing time is 150 days, hybridized prussian carp: survival rate 97%, specification 570g/ tail, output 16587kg/hm
2; Silver carp: survival rate 98%, specification 1790g/ tail, output 658kg/hm
2; Bighead: survival rate 96%, specification 1920g/ tail, output 922kg/hm
2.
Embodiment 3:
The present embodiment comprises the steps:
(1) pond condition: area: 15hm
2/; The degree of depth: 1.8m; Carry out bank protection with cement and fragment of brick, slope is compared: 1: 1.
(2) condition of water quality: meet fishery water standard GB11607-89, salinity 3; Basicity: 8mmol/L.
(3) pond disinfection: steep pond 1 week with the seawater of salinity 20 ~ 25, use 100kg/hm
2bleaching powder is sterilized, and pond intakes after dry clearly 7 days.
(4) fingerling stocking: carassius auratus gibelio species specification is 40g/ tail, 38000 tails/hm
2.Take the silver carp kind 800 tails/hm of foster 150g/ tail
2, 150g/ tail Variegated 300 tails/hm
2.
(5) bait feeding: artificial grain's feed of mainly throwing something and feeding, adopts device for feeding fish bait, throws 3 ~ 4 every day, feed coefficient 1.7.
(6) regulating and controlling water quality, in late May to early October, uses microorganism formulation, as EM bacterium, photosynthetic bacteria, nitrifier etc., and improvement pond water environment.Between pH value to 7.5 ~ 8.5 irregularly with quicklime adjustment water; Be equipped with aerator, 1/hm
2, power 3KW/ platform, makes the water-soluble oxygen amount in pond remain on more than 5mg/L.
(7) disease prevention and cure: the medicines such as regular full pool spilling head quicklime, bleaching powder, fishes and shrimps peace, the generation of prevention fish disease.To the heavier disease of the harm such as crucian " explosive bacteriosis ", " epidermis hemorrhage ", need prevent in advance, adopt " for oral administration outer disappear " in conjunction with therapy, monthly need to throw something and feed pharmaceutical chemistry 2 times, reduces the generation of fish disease, increase economic efficiency.
Culturing time is 162 days, hybridized prussian carp: survival rate 96%, specification 0.4kg/ tail, output 14592gk/hm
2; Silver carp: survival rate 97%, specification 1510g/ tail, output 1172kg/hm
2; Bighead: survival rate 98%, specification 2200g/ tail, output 647kg/hm
2.
It should be noted that; above content is in conjunction with concrete embodiment further description made for the present invention; can not assert that the specific embodiment of the present invention is only limitted to this; under above-mentioned guidance of the present invention; those skilled in the art can carry out various improvement and distortion on the basis of above-described embodiment, and these improve or distortion drops in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. hybridized prussian carp is at a coastal saline-alkali water pond high-yield cultivation method, and it is characterized in that, described method comprises the steps:
(1) pond is built: pond area: 7 ~ 15hm
2/; The degree of depth: 1.8 ~ 2.5m; Surrounding circular groove in pond: furrow width 10 ~ 15m, ditch depth 1 ~ 1.2m; Pond surrounding carries out bank protection: upper top width 4 ~ 6m, and slope is than 1: 1;
(2) pond disinfection: steep pond 1 week with the seawater of salinity 20 ~ 25, then use 2250 ~ 2500kg/hm
2quicklime or 75 ~ 100kg/hm
2bleaching powder clean up the pond, pond intakes after dry clearly 7 days;
(3) fingerling stocking: adult fish culture pond carassius auratus gibelio species stocking size is 50 ~ 100g/ tail, 30000 ~ 38000 tails/hm
2;
(4) bait feeding: artificial grain's feed of throwing something and feeding, adopts device for feeding fish bait to throw something and feed, throws 3 ~ 4 every day, feed coefficient 1.5 ~ 1.7;
(5) regulating and controlling water quality: in late May to early October, uses microorganism formulation, and improvement pond water environment, between pH value to 7.5 ~ 8.5 with quicklime adjustment water; Be equipped with paddle aerator 1/hm
2, make the water-soluble oxygen amount in pond remain on more than 5mg/L, described microorganism formulation be selected from EM bacterium, photosynthetic bacteria, nitrifier one or more;
(6) disease prevention and cure: every 10 ~ 15 days full pool spilling heads quicklime, bleaching powder, fishes and shrimps are pacified, the generation of prevention fish disease, the pharmaceutical chemistry 2 times of monthly throwing something and feeding.
2. a kind of hybridized prussian carp according to claim 1 is in the high-yield cultivation method of coastal saline-alkali water pond: (1) builds pond: pond area: 7 ~ 15hm
2/; The degree of depth: 1.8 ~ 2.5m; Surrounding circular groove in pond: furrow width 10 ~ 15m, ditch depth 1 ~ 1.2m; Pond surrounding carries out bank protection: upper top width 4 ~ 6m, and slope is than 1: 1; It is characterized in that described pond surrounding cement concrete or fragment of brick bank protection.
3. a kind of hybridized prussian carp according to claim 1 is at coastal saline-alkali water pond high-yield cultivation method: (2) pond disinfection: steep pond 1 week with the seawater of salinity 20 ~ 25, then use 2250 ~ 2500kg/hm
2quicklime or 75 ~ 100kg/hm
2bleaching powder clean up the pond, pond intakes after dry clearly 7 days; It is characterized in that the condition of water quality to pond water inlet is: condition of water quality: salinity 0.5 ~ 3; PH value 7.5 ~ 8.5, basicity 1 ~ 8mmol/L.
4. a kind of hybridized prussian carp according to claim 1 is at coastal saline-alkali water pond high-yield cultivation method: (3) fingerling stocking: adult fish culture pond carassius auratus gibelio species stocking size is 50 ~ 100g/ tail, 30000 ~ 38000 tails/hm
2; It is characterized in that the silver carp, Variegated 50 ~ 800 tails/hm that take foster 125 ~ 250g/ tail
2; The cultivation survival rate of silver carp and bighead is 96% ~ 99%, and silver carp weight is 1.5 ~ 1.79kg/ tail, silver carp output 658 ~ 1172kg/hm
2, bighead weight 1.8 ~ 2.2kg/ tail, bighead output 647 ~ 1069kg/hm
2.
5. a kind of hybridized prussian carp according to claim 1 is at coastal saline-alkali water pond high-yield cultivation method: (4) bait feeding: artificial grain's feed of throwing something and feeding, and adopts device for feeding fish bait to throw something and feed, throws 3 ~ 4 every day, feed coefficient 1.5 ~ 1.7; During it is characterized in that late May to early October, July, August, every day in September throw something and feed 4 times, and other every day in month throws something and feeds 3 times, bait particle diameter: 5 ~ June is used
7 ~ August, with 1.5 ~ 2.0mm, is used after September
nutritional requirement: 5 ~ June albumen 35%; 7 ~ August protein 32 % ~ 34%; After September, albumen is less than or equal to 33%.
6. a kind of hybridized prussian carp according to claim 1 is at coastal saline-alkali water pond high-yield cultivation method: (5) regulating and controlling water quality: in late May to early October, use microorganism formulation, improvement pond water environment, between pH value to 7.5 ~ 8.5 with quicklime adjustment water; Be equipped with paddle aerator 1/hm
2, make the water-soluble oxygen amount in pond remain on more than 5mg/L, described microorganism formulation be selected from EM bacterium, photosynthetic bacteria, nitrifier one or more; It is characterized in that using 1 microorganism formulation in 15 days, microorganism formulation and quicklime individually use.
7. a kind of hybridized prussian carp according to claim 1 is at coastal saline-alkali water pond high-yield cultivation method: (3) fingerling stocking: adult fish culture pond carassius auratus gibelio species stocking size is 50 ~ 100g/ tail, 30000 ~ 38000 tails/hm
2; It is characterized in that carrying out disinfection 5 ~ 10min with 3% ~ 5% saline solution before fingerling enters pond.
8. a kind of hybridized prussian carp according to claim 1 is at coastal saline-alkali water pond high-yield cultivation method: (3) fingerling stocking: adult fish culture pond carassius auratus gibelio species stocking size is 50 ~ 100g/ tail, 30000 ~ 38000 tails/hm
2; It is characterized in that the cultivation survival rate of described hybridized prussian carp is 96% ~ 99%, hybridized prussian carp weight 0.4 ~ 0.6kg/ tail, per unit area yield output 16411 ~ 18310kg/hm
2.
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| CN104247686A (en) * | 2014-09-23 | 2014-12-31 | 和县善厚水产养殖场 | Cultivating method of fingerlings of Xenocypris david Bleekers |
| CN104322413B (en) * | 2014-10-31 | 2016-08-24 | 井陉县鱼泉冷水鱼开发有限公司 | A kind of Gymnocypris prezewalskii fry high-density breeding method |
| CN104872012A (en) * | 2015-04-30 | 2015-09-02 | 天津农学院 | Same-year farming method for gold carps |
| CN105475187B (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2018-08-21 | 江苏省海洋水产研究所 | A kind of mixed cultivation method of hybridized prussian carp and Penaeus Vannmei |
| CN105532548A (en) * | 2016-02-05 | 2016-05-04 | 中国科学院水生生物研究所 | Quantitative repeated feeding method for freshwater fish culture |
| CN105532547A (en) * | 2016-02-05 | 2016-05-04 | 中国科学院水生生物研究所 | On-time feeding method for freshwater fish culture |
| CN106365360A (en) * | 2016-11-21 | 2017-02-01 | 王霂生 | Method for treating bicarbonate saline-alkali water into water for aquaculture |
| CN108633792B (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2020-06-26 | 中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所 | Method for comprehensive planting and breeding of fishery-agriculture in saline-alkali soil |
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