CN103283641A - High-yield cultivation method of carassius auratus gibelio in coastal saline-alkaline water pond - Google Patents
High-yield cultivation method of carassius auratus gibelio in coastal saline-alkaline water pond Download PDFInfo
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- CN103283641A CN103283641A CN2013100913689A CN201310091368A CN103283641A CN 103283641 A CN103283641 A CN 103283641A CN 2013100913689 A CN2013100913689 A CN 2013100913689A CN 201310091368 A CN201310091368 A CN 201310091368A CN 103283641 A CN103283641 A CN 103283641A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-yield cultivation method of carassius auratus gibelio in a coastal saline-alkaline water pond. The method comprises the following steps of (1) constructing the pond, (2) disinfecting the pond, (3) stocking fingerling, (4) feeding bait, (5) regulating and controlling water quality, and (6) preventing and treating diseases. The high-yield cultivation method of the carassius auratus gibelio in the coastal saline-alkaline water pond increases a yield and a survival rate of the carassius auratus gibelio, and improves economic benefits.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of freshwater fish cultural method, especially a kind of for hybridized prussian carp at coastal saline-alkali water pond high-yield cultivation method.
Background technology
Hybridized prussian carp (Allogynogenetic crucian carp) is the new object of a kind of crucian cultivation that the fish breeding expert of Inst. of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences succeeded in developing in 1976～1981 years, it is to utilize natural gynogenetic upright pond crucian carp to be female parent, be male parent with the red carp of making the country prosperous, the filial generation of breeding through artificial insemination.Its filial generation proterties is not separated, and very is conducive to go down to posterity breeding and the expansion production of hybridized prussian carp seed.The hybridized prussian carp growth rate is fast 34.7% than male parent, and fast 2～3 times than common crucian, generally seed can grow to 200～250g then.This kind is fit to pond, coastal beach saline-alkali waters, coastal in the Yancheng in Jiangsu have more than 60 ten thousand mu of hybridized prussian carp cultured areas, account for national hybridized prussian carp and culture 1/3rd of the gross area, its cultured output and benefit also are higher than other areas simultaneously, become important marketable fish base, the whole nation.Yet, the hybridized prussian carp output of the traditional cultural method institute output of hybridized prussian carp is lower, the expense of in addition culturing is higher, affect advancing of hybridized prussian carp aquaculture industry always, therefore, improving of hybridized prussian carp cultural technique rules has greatly impetus to coastal exploitation and coastal new countryside construction.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the shortcoming of prior art, provide a kind of hybridized prussian carp of realizing at coastal saline-alkali water pond high-yield cultivation method, improve output and the survival rate of hybridized prussian carp, strengthen economic benefit.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention proposes a kind of hybridized prussian carp at coastal saline-alkali water pond high-yield cultivation method, described method comprises the steps:
(1) builds the pond: pond area: 7～15hm
2/; The degree of depth: 1.8～2.5m; Circular groove around in the pond: furrow width 10～15m, ditch depth 1～1.2m; Carry out bank protection around the pond: go up top width 4～6m, the slope was than 1: 1;
(2) pond sterilization: with seawater bubble 1 week of pond of salinity 20～25, use 2250～2500kg/hm again
2Quicklime or 75～100kg/hm
2Bleaching powder clean up the pond, the pond intakes after dried clearly 7 days;
(3) fingerling stocking: adult fish culture pond carassius auratus gibelio species stocking size is 50～100g/ tail, 30000～38000 tails/hm
2
(4) bait feeding: the artificial pellet of throwing something and feeding, adopt the bait throwing in machine to throw something and feed, throw feed coefficient 1.5～1.7 every day 3～4 times;
(5) regulating and controlling water quality: late May to early October, use microorganism formulation, improvement pond water environment is regulated with quicklime between pH value to 7.5～8.5 of water; Be equipped with 1/hm of paddle aerator
2, pond water-soluble oxygen amount is remained on more than the 5mg/L, described microorganism formulation is selected from one or more in EM bacterium, photosynthetic bacteria, the nitrifier;
(6) disease prevention and cure: per 10～15 days full pool spilling head quicklime, bleaching powder, fishes and shrimps peace, the generation of prevention fish disease, the pharmaceutical chemistry 2 times of throwing something and feeding in every month.
Wherein, with the seawater of salinity 20～25 bubble 1 week of pond, reason is the coastal condition that seawater is arranged, and gathers materials on the spot, and saves resource, and seawater for the pond sterilization and suppress many harmful organisms in the middle of contracting main very effective, significantly reduce the frequency that disease takes place.
Described regulating and controlling water quality is a ring important in the cultivating link, uses microorganism formulation in the season that temperature is fit to, and as EM bacterium, photosynthetic bacteria, nitrifier etc., looks medicining condition and uses 1 secondary pollutant bacterium in 15 days, microorganism formulation, improvement pond water environment.Irregularly regulate between pH value to 7.5～8.5 of water with quicklime, microorganism formulation and quicklime can not use simultaneously; Be equipped with paddle aerator, 1/hm
2, power 3KW/ platform remains on more than the 5mg/L pond water-soluble oxygen amount.
Described disease prevention and cure, mainly employing prevention is main method.To the heavier disease of harm such as crucian " explosive bacteriosis ", " epidermis hemorrhage ", need prevention in advance, adopt " outer disappearing for oral administration " in conjunction with therapy, the pharmaceutical chemistry 2 times of need throwing something and feeding in every month reduces the generation of fish disease.The relevant operational procedure of strict execution, the one, the use of control forbidden drug; The 2nd, the strict safe off-drug period of grasp.
Further preferably, in step (1), described pond is all around with cement concrete or fragment of brick bank protection.
Relatively poor because of coastal soil structure, belong to silty sand saline-alkali soil, to meet water electrode and easily cave in, ancient cement concrete or the fragment of brick bank protection of adopting is to keep the stability in pond.
Further preferably, in step (2), the condition of water quality of intaking to the pond is: condition of water quality: salinity 0.5～3; PH value 7.5～8.5, basicity 1～8mmol/L.
Wherein, as long as meet fishery water water standard GB11607-89, allow certain salinity and basicity, salinity is no more than 3, and the water body that basicity is no more than 8mmol/L all can; PH with 7.5～8.5 for well.
Further preferably, in step (3), take silver carp, bighead kind 50～800 tails/hm of supporting 125～250g/ tail
2
Further preferably, in step (4), during late May to early October, July, August, every day in September throw something and feed 4 times, and throw something and feed 3 other every day in month, the bait particle diameter: use ￠ 1.0mm 5～June, September after use ￠ 2.5～3.0mm with 1.5～2.0mm 7～August; Nutritional requirement: 5～June, albumen 35%; 7～August protein 32 %～34%; Albumen is less than or equal to 33% after September.。
Further preferably, in step (5), used 1 microorganism formulation in 15 days, microorganism formulation and quicklime use separately respectively.
Further preferably, in the step (3), before fingerling enters the pond with 3%～5% saline solution, the 5～10min that carries out disinfection.
So can further guarantee the integral body cleaning in pond and surviving smoothly of fingerling.
Further preferably, the breed survival rate of described hybridized prussian carp is 96%～99%, hybridized prussian carp weight 0.4～0.6kg/ tail, per unit area yield output 16411～18310kg/hm
2
Further preferably, the breed survival rate of described silver carp and bighead is 96%～99%, and silver carp weight is 1.5～1.79kg/ tail, silver carp output 658～1172kg/hm
2, bighead weight 1.8～2.2kg/ tail, bighead output 647～1069kg/hm
2
The present invention compared with prior art has following useful effect:
(1) cultivating pool is bigger, reaches 7～15hm
2/, water body is darker, can reach 1.8～2.5m, and the hard bank protection has been carried out in the pond;
(2) culturing area of this method borders on the sea, and utilizes coastal seawater to carry out disinfection, than a large amount of with drug disinfection economy, efficient height, the product safety quality of producing good.With seawater bubble 1 week of pond of salinity 20～25, the many germs of havoc and the central link of the parasitic history of life greatly;
(3) this method is to put hybridized prussian carp in a suitable place to breed, silver carp kind and bighead kind are put in collocation in a suitable place to breed, because cultivation density is big, daily ration, feeding quantity is also big, the animals and plants that swim in the water breed soon, density is big, and silver carp is to be main bait with the phytoplankton, and bighead is to be main bait with the zooplankton, put these collocation fingerlings in right amount in a suitable place to breed and both can obtain certain economic benefits, also can safeguard good pond ecosystem;
(4) this method all adopts granular bait for fish, and throws something and feeds 3～4hm with the bait throwing in machine
2The water surface is joined 1 machine and is thrown something and fed.Be conducive to culture in flakes on a large scale, enlarge the scale of industrialization;
(5) conventional biologic product and the aerator regulation and control water quality used reduces the density of harmful germ, improves the content of dissolved oxygen in water, builds good water ecological setting.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
Present embodiment comprises the steps:
(1) pond condition: area: 7hm
2/; The degree of depth: 2.5m; Carry out bank protection with cement and fragment of brick, slope ratio: 1: 1.
(2) condition of water quality: meet fishery water standard GB11607-89, salinity 3; Basicity: 4mmol/L.
(3) pond sterilization: with seawater bubble 1 week of pond of salinity 20-25, use 2250kg/hm
2Lime disinfection, pond are intake after dried clearly 7 days.
(4) fingerling stocking: specification 60g/ tail, 35000 tails/hm
2Take the silver carp kind 450 tails/hm that supports the 200g/ tail
2, the 150g/ tail bighead kind 600 tails/hm
2
(5) bait feeding: the artificial pellet of mainly throwing something and feeding, adopt the bait throwing in machine, throw feed coefficient 1.5 every day 3～4 times.
(6) regulating and controlling water quality: late May to early October, use microorganism formulation, as EM bacterium, photosynthetic bacteria, nitrifier etc., improvement pond water environment.Irregularly regulate between pH value to 7.5～8.5 of water with quicklime; Be equipped with aerator, 1/hm
2, power 3KW/ platform remains on more than the 5mg/L pond water-soluble oxygen amount.
(7) disease prevention and cure: medicines such as regular full pool spilling head quicklime, bleaching powder, fishes and shrimps peace, the generation of prevention fish disease.To the heavier disease of harm such as crucian " explosive bacteriosis ", " epidermis hemorrhage ", need prevention in advance, adopt " outer disappearing for oral administration " in conjunction with therapy, the pharmaceutical chemistry 2 times of need throwing something and feeding in every month reduces the generation of fish disease, increases economic efficiency.
Culturing time is 155 days, hybridized prussian carp: survival rate is more than 98%, specification 480g/ tail, output 16464kg/hm
2Silver carp: survival rate 97%, specification 1780g/ tail, output 777kg/hm
2Bighead: survival rate 99%, specification 1800g/ tail, output 1069kg/hm
2
Embodiment 2:
Present embodiment comprises the steps:
(1) pond condition: area: 10hm
2/; The degree of depth: 2.2m; Carry out bank protection with cement and fragment of brick, slope ratio: 1: 1.
(2) condition of water quality: meet fishery water standard GB11607-89, salinity 1.5; Basicity: 6mmol/L.
(3) pond sterilization: with seawater bubble 1 week of pond of salinity 20-25, use 2500kg/hm
2Lime disinfection, pond are intake after dried clearly 7 days.
(4) fingerling stocking: specification is the 70g/ tail, 30000 tails/hm
2Take the silver carp kind 375 tails/hm that supports the 250g/ tail
2, the 250g/ tail bighead kind 500 tails/hm
2
(5) bait feeding: the artificial pellet of mainly throwing something and feeding, adopt the bait throwing in machine, throw feed coefficient 1.6 every day 3～4 times.
(6) regulating and controlling water quality: late May to early October, use microorganism formulation, as EM bacterium, photosynthetic bacteria, nitrifier etc., improvement pond water environment.Irregularly regulate between pH value to 7.5～8.5 of water with quicklime; Be equipped with 1/hm of aerator
2, power 3KW/ platform remains on more than the 5mg/L pond water-soluble oxygen amount.
(7) disease prevention and cure: medicines such as regular full pool spilling head quicklime, bleaching powder, fishes and shrimps peace, the generation of prevention fish disease.To the heavier disease of harm such as crucian " explosive bacteriosis ", " epidermis hemorrhage ", need prevention in advance, adopt " outer disappearing for oral administration " in conjunction with therapy, the pharmaceutical chemistry 2 times of need throwing something and feeding in every month reduces the generation of fish disease, increases economic efficiency.
Culturing time is 150 days, hybridized prussian carp: survival rate 97%, specification 570g/ tail, output 16587kg/hm
2Silver carp: survival rate 98%, specification 1790g/ tail, output 658kg/hm
2Bighead: survival rate 96%, specification 1920g/ tail, output 922kg/hm
2
Embodiment 3:
Present embodiment comprises the steps:
(1) pond condition: area: 15hm
2/; The degree of depth: 1.8m; Carry out bank protection with cement and fragment of brick, slope ratio: 1: 1.
(2) condition of water quality: meet fishery water standard GB11607-89, salinity 3; Basicity: 8mmol/L.
(3) pond sterilization: with seawater bubble 1 week of pond of salinity 20～25, use 100kg/hm
2The bleaching powder sterilization, the pond intakes after dried clearly 7 days.
(4) fingerling stocking: the carassius auratus gibelio species specification is the 40g/ tail, 38000 tails/hm
2Take the silver carp kind 800 tails/hm that supports the 150g/ tail
2, the 150g/ tail bighead kind 300 tails/hm
2
(5) bait feeding: the artificial pellet of mainly throwing something and feeding, adopt the bait throwing in machine, throw feed coefficient 1.7 every day 3～4 times.
(6) regulating and controlling water quality, late May to early October, use microorganism formulation, as EM bacterium, photosynthetic bacteria, nitrifier etc., improvement pond water environment.Irregularly regulate between pH value to 7.5～8.5 of water with quicklime; Be equipped with aerator, 1/hm
2, power 3KW/ platform remains on more than the 5mg/L pond water-soluble oxygen amount.
(7) disease prevention and cure: medicines such as regular full pool spilling head quicklime, bleaching powder, fishes and shrimps peace, the generation of prevention fish disease.To the heavier disease of harm such as crucian " explosive bacteriosis ", " epidermis hemorrhage ", need prevention in advance, adopt " outer disappearing for oral administration " in conjunction with therapy, the pharmaceutical chemistry 2 times of need throwing something and feeding in every month reduces the generation of fish disease, increases economic efficiency.
Culturing time is 162 days, hybridized prussian carp: survival rate 96%, specification 0.4kg/ tail, output 14592gk/hm
2Silver carp: survival rate 97%, specification 1510g/ tail, output 1172kg/hm
2Bighead: survival rate 98%, specification 2200g/ tail, output 647kg/hm
2
It should be noted that; above content is to further describing that the present invention does in conjunction with concrete embodiment; can not assert that the specific embodiment of the present invention only limits to this; under above-mentioned guidance of the present invention; those skilled in the art can carry out various improvement and distortion on the basis of above-described embodiment, and these improvement or distortion drop in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a hybridized prussian carp is characterized in that at coastal saline-alkali water pond high-yield cultivation method described method comprises the steps:
(1) builds the pond: pond area: 7～15hm
2/; The degree of depth: 1.8～2.5m; Circular groove around in the pond: furrow width 10～15m, ditch depth 1～1.2m; Carry out bank protection around the pond: go up top width 4～6m, the slope was than 1: 1;
(2) pond sterilization: with seawater bubble 1 week of pond of salinity 20～25, use 2250～2500kg/hm again
2Quicklime or 75～100kg/hm
2Bleaching powder clean up the pond, the pond intakes after dried clearly 7 days;
(3) fingerling stocking: adult fish culture pond carassius auratus gibelio species stocking size is 50～100g/ tail, 30000～38000 tails/hm
2
(4) bait feeding: the artificial pellet of throwing something and feeding, adopt the bait throwing in machine to throw something and feed, throw feed coefficient 1.5～1.7 every day 3～4 times;
(5) regulating and controlling water quality: late May to early October, use microorganism formulation, improvement pond water environment is regulated with quicklime between pH value to 7.5～8.5 of water; Be equipped with 1/hm of paddle aerator
2, pond water-soluble oxygen amount is remained on more than the 5mg/L, described microorganism formulation is selected from one or more in EM bacterium, photosynthetic bacteria, the nitrifier;
(6) disease prevention and cure: quicklime of per 10～15 days full pool spilling heads, bleaching powder, fishes and shrimps peace, the generation of prevention fish disease, the pharmaceutical chemistry 2 times of throwing something and feeding in every month.
2. a kind of hybridized prussian carp according to claim 1 is characterized in that at coastal saline-alkali water pond high-yield cultivation method,
In step (1), described pond is all around with cement concrete or fragment of brick bank protection.
3. a kind of hybridized prussian carp according to claim 1 is characterized in that at coastal saline-alkali water pond high-yield cultivation method,
In step (2), the condition of water quality of intaking to the pond is: condition of water quality: salinity 0.5～3; PH value 7.5～8.5, basicity 1～8mmol/L.
4. a kind of hybridized prussian carp according to claim 1 is characterized in that at coastal saline-alkali water pond high-yield cultivation method,
In step (3), take silver carp, bighead kind 50～800 tails/hm of supporting 125～250g/ tail
2
5. a kind of hybridized prussian carp according to claim 1 is characterized in that at coastal saline-alkali water pond high-yield cultivation method,
In step (4), during late May to early October, July, August, every day in September throw something and feed 4 times, and throw something and feed 3 other every day in month, the bait particle diameter: use ￠ 1.0mm 5～June, September after use ￠ 2.5～3.0mm with 1.5～2.0mm 7～August; Nutritional requirement: 5～June, albumen 35%; 7～August protein 32 %～34%; Albumen is less than or equal to 33% after September.
6. a kind of hybridized prussian carp according to claim 1 is characterized in that at coastal saline-alkali water pond high-yield cultivation method,
In step (5), used 1 microorganism formulation in 15 days, microorganism formulation and quicklime use separately respectively.
According to claim 1 or 4 described a kind of hybridized prussian carps at coastal saline-alkali water pond high-yield cultivation method, it is characterized in that,
In the step (3), before fingerling enters the pond with 3%～5% saline solution, the 5～10min that carries out disinfection.
8. a kind of hybridized prussian carp according to claim 1 is characterized in that at coastal saline-alkali water pond high-yield cultivation method,
The breed survival rate of described hybridized prussian carp is 96%～99%, hybridized prussian carp weight 0.4～0.6kg/ tail, per unit area yield output 16411～18310kg/hm
2
9. a kind of hybridized prussian carp according to claim 4 is characterized in that at coastal saline-alkali water pond high-yield cultivation method,
The breed survival rate of described silver carp and bighead is 96%～99%, and silver carp weight is 1.5～1.79kg/ tail, silver carp output 658～1172kg/hm
2, bighead weight 1.8～2.2kg/ tail, bighead output 647～1069kg/hm
2
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| CN108633792A (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2018-10-12 | 中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所 | A kind of salt-soda soil fishing-agriculture collective species cultural method |
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| CN104247686A (en) * | 2014-09-23 | 2014-12-31 | 和县善厚水产养殖场 | Cultivating method of fingerlings of Xenocypris david Bleekers |
| CN104322413A (en) * | 2014-10-31 | 2015-02-04 | 井陉县鱼泉冷水鱼开发有限公司 | High-density cultivation method for Qinghai lake naked carp fries |
| CN104322413B (en) * | 2014-10-31 | 2016-08-24 | 井陉县鱼泉冷水鱼开发有限公司 | A kind of Gymnocypris prezewalskii fry high-density breeding method |
| CN104872012A (en) * | 2015-04-30 | 2015-09-02 | 天津农学院 | Same-year farming method for gold carps |
| CN105475187A (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2016-04-13 | 江苏省海洋水产研究所 | Mixed breeding method of carassius auratus gibelio and penaeus vannamei boone |
| CN105532547A (en) * | 2016-02-05 | 2016-05-04 | 中国科学院水生生物研究所 | On-time feeding method for freshwater fish culture |
| CN105532548A (en) * | 2016-02-05 | 2016-05-04 | 中国科学院水生生物研究所 | Quantitative repeated feeding method for freshwater fish culture |
| CN106365360A (en) * | 2016-11-21 | 2017-02-01 | 王霂生 | Method for treating bicarbonate saline-alkali water into water for aquaculture |
| CN108633792A (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2018-10-12 | 中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所 | A kind of salt-soda soil fishing-agriculture collective species cultural method |
| CN108633792B (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2020-06-26 | 中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所 | Method for comprehensive planting and breeding of fishery-agriculture in saline-alkali soil |
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