CN104186392B - A kind of Paralichthys olivaceus through engineering approaches pond high-efficiency breeding method - Google Patents
A kind of Paralichthys olivaceus through engineering approaches pond high-efficiency breeding method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of Paralichthys olivaceus through engineering approaches pond high-efficiency breeding method, belong to technical field of aquaculture, it include through engineering approaches pond culturing system build, cultivating pool process put in a suitable place to breed with seed, the accurate feeding technology of bait, water environment management and microecological regulation and control technique and marketable fish go out pond and gather in the crops; This method can realize factory management and the efficient ecological cultivation of Paralichthys olivaceus pond culture, and cultured output can improve more than 9 times, and culture benefit is greatly promoted, and application has a high potential.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to technical field of aquaculture, more particularly to a kind of Paralichthys olivaceus through engineering approaches pond high-efficiency breeding method.
Technical background:
Paralichthys olivaceus is one of leading greatly breed variety of China's Flounder Pleuronectidae class three, its breeding way includes continental rise industrialized culture, pond culture and cage culture etc. three kinds, and wherein pond culture mode has that aquaculture cost is low, ecological, environmental protective, marketable fish quality and traction high. Currently, China mostly is traditional prawn culturing pond for the pond of Paralichthys olivaceus cultivation, it is generally the major comonomer pond of area tens of mu, exist and build the outstanding problems such as simple and crude, structural design is unreasonable, facilities and equipment lacks, cultural technique is extensive and management level are low, breeding process occurs the phenomenon such as water quality deterioration, disease generation often, cannot carrying out high-density breeding, Paralichthys olivaceus pond culture per unit area yield is only about 200 kgs/acre, is unfavorable for pond culture industry sustainable development. If the efficient cultural technique in development Paralichthys olivaceus pond, promote its pond culture yield and culture benefit, then can significantly expand the breeding spaces of Paralichthys olivaceus, simultaneously for the seawater aquaculturing pond developing China wide, there is important practice significance.
Summary of the invention:
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of Paralichthys olivaceus through engineering approaches pond high-efficiency breeding method, and this method can realize factory management and the efficient ecological cultivation of Paralichthys olivaceus pond culture, and cultured output can improve more than 9 times, and application has a high potential.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of Paralichthys olivaceus through engineering approaches pond high-efficiency breeding method, build including through engineering approaches pond culturing system, cultivating pool process put in a suitable place to breed with seed, the accurate feeding technology of bait, water environment management go out pond with microecological regulation and control technique and marketable fish and gather in the crops;
The through engineering approaches pond culturing system of described structure includes water-retention pond, conjuncted combined breeding pond, culvert system, oxygen supplement and water quality monitoring equipment and seed or forms fish foster system temporarily;
Further, described conjuncted combined breeding pond is that every 3-4 monomer cultivating pool series connection is one group, two groups of compositions that are connected in parallel by 6-8 monomer cultivating pool;
Further, described water quality monitoring equipment is made up of water quality monitoring sensor and water quality data analysing terminal, and described water quality monitoring sensor is arranged on the emptying gate place of each monomer cultivating pool;
Described cultivating pool processes and seed is put in a suitable place to breed before referring to that seed is put in a suitable place to breed, is cleaned up the pond in conjuncted combined breeding pond and process with lime disinfection after tanning by the sun, after sterilization, conjuncted combined breeding pond is rinsed, after entering draining 2-3 time continuously, injects fresh seawater and start cultivation;
Described seed puts the Paralichthys olivaceus seed into the total length 14-16cm through overwintering culture in a suitable place to breed, breeding density control 3000-4000 tail/, when the seed time of putting in a suitable place to breed is that May, water temperature reached more than 14 DEG C;
The accurate feeding technology of described bait starts manually to throw something and feed after referring to that seed puts the adaptation of conjuncted combined breeding pond in a suitable place to breed 2 days, and the 3%-5% that day feeding volume is fish body weight of bait throws something and feeds 1 every day; In breeding process, every 15 days periodic measurement fish body weight, adjust feeding volume in time according to fish bulk-growth situation, adopt the method for detection to check whether conjuncted combined breeding pond bottom has residual bait after throwing something and feeding, to reach precisely to throw something and feed simultaneously;
Described cultivation water environment microecological regulation and control technique refers to and utilizes the metabolite in microbial ecological agent regulation and control breeding water body and nutrient stratifucation at Summer High-Temperature Times, reaches the microecological balance of cultivation water environment, ensures cultivation water safety.
Present invention beneficial effect compared with prior art:
1, the invention provides a kind of Paralichthys olivaceus through engineering approaches pond high-efficiency breeding method, structure including through engineering approaches pond culturing system, it has been designed with the mode that 6-8 small-sized monomer pond combination builds, arrange etc. all similar to the design in industrialized culture workshop together with culvert system, the factory management to Paralichthys olivaceus pond culture process can be realized, substantially increase the efficiency of Paralichthys olivaceus pond culture.
2, a kind of Paralichthys olivaceus through engineering approaches pond provided by the invention high-efficiency breeding method, breeding process can use in the microbial ecological agent such as bacillus preparation regulation and control breeding water body metabolite and the nutrient stratifucation such as ammonia nitrogen, phosphate, NO3-N and NO2-N, reach the microecological balance of cultivation water environment, ensure the water quality safety of breeding water, reach the effect of disease prevention.
3, a kind of Paralichthys olivaceus through engineering approaches pond provided by the invention high-efficiency breeding method, have employed the accurate feeding technology of bait, and in breeding process, every 15 days periodic measurement cultivation fish body weight, adjust feeding volume in time according to fish bulk-growth situation. Meanwhile, adopt the method for detection to check whether pond bottom has residual bait every time after throwing something and feeding, adjust bait feeding amount next time in time, reach precisely throwing something and feeding of bait with this, improve bait utilization ratio.
4, a kind of Paralichthys olivaceus through engineering approaches pond provided by the invention high-efficiency breeding method, has been provided with automatic water quality monitoring equipment, breeding water water quality parameter can carry out monitoring and early warning in real time, it is achieved that the information system management of cultivation water. Utilizing this method to carry out Paralichthys olivaceus through engineering approaches pond culture, cultivation per unit area yield is up to more than 2000kg/ mu, and cultured output relatively traditional pond breeding way improves more than 9 times, the problem that can effectively solve current China Paralichthys olivaceus pond culture yield and inefficiencies.
Accompanying drawing illustrates:
Fig. 1: present configuration and schematic layout pattern: 1, monomer cultivating pool;2, the total emptying gate of system; 3, the total intake-discharge pipe road of system; 4, aerator; 5, water quality monitoring sensor; 6, emptying gate; 7, inlet gate; 8, water lift water pump; 9, water-retention pond; 10, water-retention pond gate and axial-flow pump; 11, gate; 12, pipeline; 13, water quality data analysing terminal; 14, operating room; 15, cultivation greenhouse; 16, underground sea water well.
Embodiment 1
2011-2012, a set of Flounder Pleuronectidae class through engineering approaches pond culturing system is constructed in cultivation at sunshine company, described cultivating system is combined by after the monomer cultivating pool series connection that 6 areas are 5 mu and parallel connection, this cultivating system is utilized to carry out Paralichthys olivaceus culture experiment, the through engineering approaches pond culturing system provided by implementing technical solution of the present invention builds, pond treatment and seed are put in a suitable place to breed, the accurate feeding technology of bait, water environment management and microecological regulation and control technique and marketable fish go out pond results invention, cultivation per unit area yield has reached more than 2000kg/ mu, the more traditional Paralichthys olivaceus pond culture of cultured output improves more than 9 times.
In conjunction with accompanying drawing, technical scheme is further described in detail by the following examples.
A kind of Paralichthys olivaceus through engineering approaches pond high-efficiency breeding method, build including through engineering approaches pond culturing system, cultivating pool process put in a suitable place to breed with seed, the accurate feeding technology of bait, water environment management go out pond with microecological regulation and control technique and marketable fish and gather in the crops.
The through engineering approaches pond culturing system of described structure includes water-retention pond, conjuncted combined breeding pond, culvert system, oxygen supplement and water quality monitoring equipment and seed or forms fish foster system temporarily;
Described conjuncted combined breeding pond is to be made up of 6-8 pond combination, and in system, every 3-4 monomer cultivating pool series connection is one group, two groups of conjuncted combined breeding ponds of composition that are connected in parallel;
Described water quality monitoring equipment is made up of water quality monitoring sensor and water quality data analysing terminal, and described water quality monitoring sensor is arranged on the emptying gate place of each monomer cultivating pool;
Described cultivating pool processes puts in a suitable place to breed with seed: before seed is put in a suitable place to breed, cultivating pool is cleaned up the pond and processes with lime disinfection after tanning by the sun, after sterilization, cultivating pool is rinsed, and after entering draining 2-3 time continuously, injects fresh seawater and starts to cultivate;
Described seed is the seed of the total length 14-16cm through overwintering culture before putting in a suitable place to breed, and breeding density controls at 3000-4000 tail/mu, when the seed time of putting in a suitable place to breed is that May, water temperature reached more than 14 DEG C;
The accurate feeding technology of described bait: after seed puts the adaptation of conjuncted combined breeding pond in a suitable place to breed 2 days, start manually to throw something and feed iced trash fish, and the 3%-5% that day feeding volume is fish body weight of bait throws something and feeds 1 every day; In breeding process, every 15 days periodic measurement fish body weight, adjust feeding volume in time according to fish bulk-growth situation, adopt the method for detection to check whether pond bottom has residual bait after throwing something and feeding, to reach precisely to throw something and feed simultaneously.
Described cultivation water environment microecological regulation and control technique refers to and regulates and controls in breeding water body metabolite and the nutrient stratifucation such as ammonia nitrogen, phosphate, NO3-N and NO2-N at Summer High-Temperature Times Appropriate application microbial ecological agent, reach the microecological balance of cultivation water environment, ensure cultivation water safety.
Specific implementation method is as follows: 1, the structure of through engineering approaches pond culturing system
Construct a set of Flounder Pleuronectidae class through engineering approaches pond culturing system in cultivation at sunshine company, including water-retention pond, conjuncted combined breeding pond, culvert system, oxygen supplement and water quality monitoring equipment and seed or form fish temporarily support system.
Water-retention pond is the rectangle pond of silt substrate, is positioned at cultivating system end, and pond total depth is 3.5 meters, and the water-retention depth of water is 2.5 meters. Water-retention pond arranges wide 1.5 meters, the wooden inlet gate 1 of high 3 meters and 1,18kw axial-flow pump, can according to flood tide nature Na Shui or extracting sea water. Water-retention pond water inlet arranges drainage screen, it is prevented that trash fish, algae etc. enter.
Conjuncted combined breeding pond is made up of the combination of 6 monomer cultivating pools, and combination method to set up is: every 3 monomer cultivating pools series connection is one group, every two groups of parallel combinations again. Monomer cultivating pool area is 5 mu, silt substrate, and pool total depth is 3.5 meters, and the cultivation depth of water is up to 2.5 meters. Pool wall processes with the common bank protection of concrete thick for 3cm and felt-cloth, and felt-cloth is directly laid on Chi Geng, and cement concrete is sprayed on felt-cloth. Each monomer cultivating pool arranges independent inlet gate and emptying gate at the two ends of side, nearly system total intake-discharge pipe road. Wide 1 meter, high 2.5 meters of gate, builds for cement concrete and forms, and flashboard is wooden.
Culvert system includes water-retention pond inlet gate, water lift water pump, the total intake-discharge pipe road of system, the inlet gate of monomer cultivating pool and emptying gate. The total intake-discharge pipe road of system is the pipe of cement of internal diameter 1 meter, is layed in the middle of two groups of cultivating pools, and even depth same with cultivating pool, and the total intake-discharge pipe road of system and water-retention pond, monomer cultivating pool are by gate UNICOM. In system total intake-discharge pipe road, remote cistern end arranges the total emptying gate of system, and the outer wetland of system or trench UNICOM, for the emission treatment of system aquaculture water. The water inlet of each monomer cultivating pool and emptying gate are by cement tee T and system total intake-discharge pipe road UNICOM.
Oxygen increasing equipment is turbine type aerator, is arranged in the middle part of monomer cultivating pool, and it is the aerator of 1.5kw that each monomer cultivating pool arranges 1 power, for the oxygen supplement of breeding water body. Described water quality monitoring equipment is a set of YSIQS600 water quality detection system, join water quality monitoring sensor 6 (being arranged on each monomer cultivating pool emptying gate place), water quality data analysing terminal analysis it is sent to, it is achieved that the monitor in real time of monomer culture-pool water quality parameter and early warning report after sensor acquisition water quality parameter data.
Seed or form fish temporarily support system refer to industrialized culture booth, for the intermediate rearing of Paralichthys olivaceus seed, it is thus achieved that large size seedling seed be used for pond culture. Meanwhile, cultivation marketable fish listing before go out pond temporarily support also can complete at cultivation greenhouse. In Summer High-Temperature Times or winter low temperature phase, cultivation greenhouse can be discharged water or Deep Underground sea water injects cultivating pool, regulate the cultivating pool depth of water and water temperature.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing 1, the through engineering approaches pond culturing system ruuning situation built is illustrated: in system operation, according to flood tide by water-retention pond gate or by axial-flow pump 10 carry breeding seawater enter water-retention pond 9, after carried breeding seawater by water lift water pump 8 and enter the total intake-discharge pipe road 3 of system, breeding seawater enters monomer cultivating pool 1 through the inlet gate 7 of cultivating pool. Cultivation discharge water is entered the total intake-discharge pipe road 3 of system by the emptying gate 6 of cultivating pool, discharges via the total emptying gate 2 of system. In Summer High-Temperature Times and winter low temperature phase, the breeding water of cultivating workshop 15 or the underground well water of underground sea water well 16 enter water-retention pond through pipeline 12 and gate 11 and add to cultivating pool to regulate cultivation water level and water temperature, ensure cultivation fish safe production in summer and survive the winter.The water quality data analysing terminal 13 and the water quality monitoring sensor 5 that are positioned at operating room 14 form water quality monitoring early warning system, and culture-pool water quality carries out monitoring and overload alarm in real time. Aerator 4 is mainly used in the oxygen supplement regulation and control of Aquacultural water.
2, pond treatment and seed are put in a suitable place to breed
In April, 2012, before putting Seedling, combined breeding pond conjuncted in engineering culture system is carried out pretreatment, processing method: the clear end, pond tan by the sun after with lime disinfection process, add nature seawater. When cleaning up the pond, selecting to carry out the morning in sunny day, the pond depth of water is maintained at 10 centimetres, disinfects by 400 grams of full pool spilling heads of every cubic metre of water body Calx, soaks 1-2 days, after ingredient is volatilized, pond is entered draining 3 times continuously, includes fresh seawater in and starts cultivation.
Paralichthys olivaceus seed used by the present embodiment be the said firm 2011 independently cultivate, cultivation greenhouse after intermediate rearing for cultivating. Seed without disease, body colour is normal, ingest actively, swimming is active. Total length qualification rate >=95%, disability rate��5%.
2012, when Paralichthys olivaceus seed total length is put in a suitable place to breed into conjuncted combined breeding pond after reaching 14-16cm specification. Seed, during industrialized culture booth intermediate rearing, has tamed the iced trash fishes such as noodles fish of ingesting. In May, 2012, cultivating pool water temperature reaches more than 14 DEG C, starts to put seed in a suitable place to breed and enters the pool, and breeding density is 3000-4000 tail/mu, slightly difference between each monomer cultivating pool.
3, the accurate feeding technology of bait
Noodles fish bait of manually throwing something and feeding is started after putting Seedling in cultivating pool 2 days. The 3%-5% that day feeding volume is fish body weight of bait, every afternoon 16 throws something and feeds 1 time. In order to reach precisely to throw something and feed, on the one hand in breeding process, within every 15 days, measure fish body weight once, adjust feeding volume in time according to fish bulk-growth situation; On the other hand, the method for detection is adopted to check whether pond bottom has residual bait after throwing something and feeding every day, the feeding volume next day of adjustment in time. Summer, water temperature more than 26 DEG C and water temperature in winter when reaching less than 10 DEG C, reduced feeding volume less than 1/5 extremely at ordinary times, it is to avoid water quality deterioration. When pond temperature reaches 28 DEG C, stop throwing something and feeding bait.
4, cultivation water environment microecological regulation and control technique
Paralichthys olivaceus through engineering approaches pond culture water quality condition: water temperature 4 DEG C-28 DEG C, salinity 15 ��-33 ��, pH value 7.8-8.3, dissolved oxygen content are more than 5mg/L, [NH4+-N]��0.2mg/L, water transparency 0.2m-0.5m. Summer, pond water temperature reached more than 28 DEG C or when winter, pond water temperature was lower than less than 4 DEG C, underground well water or cultivating workshop discharge water can be used to carry out temperature adjustment, control respectively pond water temperature in summer less than 28 DEG C and water temperature in winter more than 4 DEG C, to ensure cultivate the safe overwintering of fish and aestivate. According to tide law every day, Na Shuichitang nature Na Shui, cultivating pool day rate of water exchange be 30-50%.
In breeding process, water quality monitoring system is utilized to measure the change tread of the main water quality parameter dissolved oxygen such as cultivating pool temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH every day, system automatic alarm when water quality parameter is beyond setting normal value. It addition, when being typically in night and rainy weather, open aerator in time and carry out oxygen supplement adjustment.
In megathermal period (during water temperature more than 22 DEG C), composite bacillus microbial ecological agent (productions of Rizhao City Environmental Research Institute) is used to regulate and control in breeding water body metabolite and the nutrient stratifucation such as ammonia nitrogen, phosphate, NO3-N and NO2-N. Specifically used method: add bacillus cereus according to Aquacultural water 100,000 cell/ml, supplements according to quantity of exchanged water when water is changed in pond and adds, maintain breeding water body 100,000 cell/ml level.Result shows: after using bacillus cereus regulation and control 2d, breeding water body phosphate concn begins to decline, and after using 3d, breeding water body phosphate degradation rate reaches 69%, uses continuously afterwards and can keep phosphatic degradation efficiency; Use bacillus cereus after 4 days cultivation water nitrite concentration be remarkably decreased, afterwards continuously use bacillus nitrite degradation rate is reached more than 67.9%; Use the breeding water body ammonia nitrogen concentration decline after 6 days of bacillus compound formulation, hereafter persistently use breeding water body ammonia nitrogen degradation rate up to 88.9%. Utilize microbial ecological agent regulation and control to ensure this year pond culture quality of water safety, reached the effect of Tiny ecosystem diseases prevention simultaneously, breeding process does not occur disease.
5, marketable fish goes out pond results
2012, through engineering approaches pond provided by the invention high-efficiency breeding method is used to carry out Paralichthys olivaceus through engineering approaches pond culture demonstration at sunshine. In May, 2012, use 6 monomer cultivating pools of cultivating system, put Paralichthys olivaceus seed 10.4 ten thousand tail of total length 14-16cm altogether in a suitable place to breed, to in December, 2012, Cultured Flounder, Paralichthys Olivaceus reaches marketable fish size and goes out pond, and average weight is 566.3-693.8g/ tail, and cultivation survival rate is 93.3%, cultivation per unit area yield reaches 2051.3kg/ mu (table 1), and culture efficiency is good. Through engineering approaches pond culturing system provided by the invention is the environmental condition that Paralichthys olivaceus growth provides ecosystem, the marketable fish formed has a side all identical with wild fish with anophthalmia lateral body color, body colour natural rate of interest reaches 100%, quite getting consumer reception after marketable fish listing, market sale price is worth also above indoor booth cultivation fish. The production practices of 2012 show, utilize through engineering approaches pond culturing system Cultured Flounder, Paralichthys Olivaceus yield relatively traditional pond provided by the invention cultivation to promote more than 9 times, it is achieved that the efficient ecological of pond culture produces.
Table Paralichthys olivaceus through engineering approaches pond culture result in 12012
Claims (2)
1. a Paralichthys olivaceus through engineering approaches pond high-efficiency breeding method, it is characterised in that it include through engineering approaches pond culturing system build, cultivating pool process put in a suitable place to breed with seed, the accurate feeding technology of bait, water environment management and microecological regulation and control technique and marketable fish go out pond and gather in the crops;
The through engineering approaches pond culturing system of described structure includes water-retention pond, conjuncted combined breeding pond, culvert system, oxygen supplement and water quality monitoring equipment and seed or forms fish foster system temporarily;
Described conjuncted combined breeding pond is that every 3-4 monomer cultivating pool series connection is one group, two groups of compositions that are connected in parallel by 6-8 monomer cultivating pool;
Described cultivating pool processes before referring to that seed is put in a suitable place to breed, is cleaned up the pond in conjuncted combined breeding pond and processes with lime disinfection after tanning by the sun, after sterilization, conjuncted combined breeding pond is rinsed, and after entering draining 2-3 time continuously, injects fresh seawater and starts to cultivate;
Described seed puts the Paralichthys olivaceus seed into the total length 14-16cm through overwintering culture in a suitable place to breed, and breeding density controls at 3000-4000 tail/mu, and the seed time of putting in a suitable place to breed is that water temperature is when reaching more than 14 DEG C;
The accurate feeding technology of described bait starts manually to throw something and feed after referring to that seed puts the adaptation of conjuncted combined breeding pond in a suitable place to breed 2 days, and the 3%-5% that day feeding volume is fish body weight of bait throws something and feeds 1 every day; In breeding process, every 15 days periodic measurement fish body weight, adjust feeding volume in time according to fish bulk-growth situation, adopt the method for detection to check whether conjuncted combined breeding pond bottom has residual bait after throwing something and feeding, to reach precisely to throw something and feed simultaneously;
Described water environment management and microecological regulation and control technique refer to and utilize the metabolite in microbial ecological agent regulation and control breeding water body and nutrient stratifucation at Summer High-Temperature Times, reach the microecological balance of cultivation water environment, ensure cultivation water safety, when water temperature more than 22 DEG C, use ammonia nitrogen in composite bacillus microbial ecological agent regulation and control breeding water body, phosphate, the metabolite such as NO3-N and NO2-N and nutrient stratifucation, specifically used method: add composite bacillus according to Aquacultural water 100,000 cell/ml, supplement according to quantity of exchanged water when water is changed in pond and add, maintain breeding water body 100,000 cell/ml level.
2. a kind of Paralichthys olivaceus through engineering approaches pond according to claim 1 high-efficiency breeding method, it is characterized in that described water quality monitoring equipment is made up of water quality monitoring sensor and water quality data analysing terminal, described water quality monitoring sensor is arranged on the emptying gate place of each monomer cultivating pool.
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| CN104186392A (en) | 2014-12-10 |
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Effective date of registration: 20180228 Address after: 116400 Bi Shui Road, Zhuanghe Economic Development Zone, Dalian, Liaoning Province, No. 888 Patentee after: Dalian Fugu Food Co., Ltd. Address before: 266071 Nanjing Road, Shandong, China, No. 106, No. Patentee before: Inst of Huanghai Sea Marine Products, Chinese Academy of Aquatic Product Science |