CN102657114A - Mixed culture method for hippocampi and sea cucumbers - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a mixed culture method for hippocampi and sea cucumbers. According to the method, a culture draft is made according to the respectively biologic features of the hippocampi and the sea cucumbers, so the hippocampi and the sea cucumbers can be in mixed culture in the same region for forming a situation in spaces without mutual interference, meanwhile, bait and water body waste can be avoided, the culture complementation is formed, further, the culture cost is obviously reduced, and the culture efficiency is improved. The mixed culture method has the advantages that the operation is easy, and the controllability is high, and the method is suitable for large-scale business-like culture popularization.

Description

A kind of method of mixed culture of seahorse and sea cucumber

technical field

The invention relates to the field of animal breeding, in particular to a method for mixed breeding of seahorses and sea cucumbers.

Background technique

At present, there is no patent report on large-scale mixed culture of seahorses and sea cucumbers in the world. Seahorse farming is mainly concentrated in the southern coastal areas of my country, and the main species are three-spotted hippocampus and giant seahorse; the breeding mode is still based on traditional cement ponds for circular farming, with animal bait such as copepods, rotifers, artemia and mysis, etc. As the main bait, because bait feeding and excrement treatment are carried out every day, its breeding cost is relatively high, and bait is often wasted. The traditional sea cucumber farming in my country has been relatively mature, mainly distributed in the northern coastal areas, and more commercial farming is carried out in traditional cement ponds or large coastal ponds. The crumbs belong to the bait family; and in recent years, sea cucumber cultivation in the south is mainly concentrated in winter, and the cultivation is generally carried out for 6 months from October of the current year to April of the next year. With the gradual prosperity of seahorse and sea cucumber farming in the south, if the breeding efficiency can be improved within the unit culture area, and the mixed culture technology of seahorse and sea cucumber can be promoted in the coast of my country, it will be a great development opportunity for the mariculture industry.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for mixed culture of seahorses and sea cucumbers according to the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art.

The above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

A method for mixed cultivation of seahorses and sea cucumbers, comprising the steps of:

(1) Breeding water preparation: Expose the outdoor cement pool to the sun for 2 days, spread evenly on the bottom of the pool with clean sand and gravel, add nitrofurazone to 3-5 ppm after injecting seawater, soak for 24-48 hours, and then drain the seawater; expose for 1 After a few days, re-inject seawater, add benthic diatoms, chlorella, photosynthetic bacteria and EM bacteria; keep the water body temperature between 18~22℃, salinity 31~34‰, pH 7.9~8.5, evenly aerate to Ensure that the dissolved oxygen is not less than 5mg/L; keep the water body for 3 days;

(2) Release of seahorse seedlings: After the seedlings hatch for about 12 hours, put the seedlings into the cement pond at a density of 80-100 tails/cubic meter, and start adding newly hatched artemia and copepods to the cement pond at a density of It is 3~6/ml, fed 6 times a day, and fed with full food. This process needs to be carried out for 5 days, and a small amount of photosynthetic bacteria is splashed every day;

(3) Sea cucumber seedlings: 3 days after the seahorse seedlings are put in, put 1-year-old sea cucumber seedlings into the pond, and adjust the light intensity to 2000 Lux; after that, the sea cucumber seedlings are not managed separately in the cement pool; within 5 to 15 days, Feed with freshly hatched Artemia and copepods; from 16 to 40 days, feed with Artemia with a size of 0.37 to 0.52 cm; 41 to 60 days old seahorses with Artemia with a size of 0.77 to 0.97 cm and frozen bran Shrimp feeding; during the breeding process within the above 2 months, do not change the water for the first 20 days, and periodically add appropriate amount of diatoms and chlorella every 3 to 5 days; 1/2 water body replacement) to improve the aquaculture water body;

(4) Treatment of pond inversion: Seahorses and sea cucumbers are mixed for 60 days, and the culture pond should be replaced; follow step (1) to prepare another culture pond, and then transfer the seahorses and sea cucumbers directly to another culture pond; during the transfer process The water salinity and temperature are constant.

As a preferred version, in step (1), the added amount of benthic diatoms is 1×10 ⁵ /ml, and the added amount of chlorella is 1×10 ⁷ /ml; in step (2) , the artemia is 0.21 ± 0.04 cm, and the copepod is 0.12 ± 0.02 cm; in step (3), the sea cucumber seedlings are 50 g, and the addition amount is 14 to 17 head/square meter.

As a preferred solution, the artemia is fortified with high unsaturated fatty acid for 5 hours, and the copepods are fortified with chlorella for 2 to 5 days.

As a preferred solution, if the cultivation method of the present invention is in the south, the cultivation time is from October to April to May of the next year. If in the north, it is suitable for breeding all year round.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) Seahorse seedlings mainly feed on microalgae and small animal bait, middle-aged and above seahorses mainly prey on animal bait, and the digestive system of the hippocampus itself is not developed, and its feces are often animal debris. All the above bait or feces All can be used by sea cucumbers, avoiding siphoning feces and remaining bait every day; at the same time, in terms of living habits, seahorses mainly float in the middle and upper layers of the breeding ponds, and like water bodies with strong light; while sea cucumbers mainly crawl on the bottom of the ponds, preferring A darker environment, therefore, the two form a space situation that does not interfere with each other;

(2) The method of the present invention greatly reduces the pressure caused by waste of bait and environmental pollution of water bodies; at the same time, the labor force and the like are also reduced to a certain extent for breeding management. Breeding separately from seahorses and sea cucumbers, this technology can significantly reduce the cost of farming;

(3) The method of the present invention significantly reduces the cost of seahorse cultivation by 30-40% by reducing water and electricity consumption, improving bait utilization, reducing labor costs, etc.; the survival rate of hippocampus seedlings in the first 2 months is significantly improved (12-16% higher than before) about 8% in body weight and 5% in body length; the weight of sea cucumbers is 10-15% higher than that of ordinary cultured sea cucumbers, and there are basically no diseases.

Detailed ways

The present invention is further explained below in conjunction with the examples, but the examples do not limit the present invention in any form.

On October 12, 2010, multiple batches of lined seahorse seedlings were collected and mixed to prepare for breeding experiments. This experiment is divided into 3 groups (9 treatments: A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, B3 and C1, C2, C3), the culture pond is a cement pond (4×6×1.5 m), and the Cement pool for treatment (step 1 of the method as in the manual). Subsequent steps are also consistent with those of the described method. In the experiment, group A is the experimental group using this technology, with 2000 juvenile hippocampi and 450 sea cucumbers in each group; group B is the control group, with 2000 hippocampus in each group; group C is also the control group, with 450 sea cucumbers in each group . The salinity, pH value and dissolved oxygen of the aquaculture water were the same as those of the experimental group, and the aquaculture management was also the same.

test group

From October 15, 2010 to April 15, 2011 (about 6 months), there were 2,000 A1, A2 and A3 seahorse seedlings each, and 450 1-year-old sea cucumbers, and the breeding water environment was constant. The breeding management process is carried out according to the steps of this patent. During the 6-month breeding period, the ponds were poured 3 times.

Control group 1

2000 seahorse seedlings in groups B1, B2 and B3 were cultured in incubation tanks (0.6×0.8×1.0 m), and the culture process was carried out according to the traditional method: temperature 27 ± 0.5 ℃, light intensity 1500 Lux, light-dark cycle 24 :0 (after 5 days, the light-dark cycle was adjusted to 16:8). On the 1st to 5th day, feed the hippocampus with newly hatched artemia (0.21±0.04 cm) and copepods (0.12±0.02 cm) at a density of 3-6/ml, 6 times a day, and feed them with enough food; Feces are siphoned clean every day; 5-15 day-old seahorse seedlings are mainly fed with newly hatched artemia and copepods; 16-40-day-old seedlings are fed with 0.37-0.52 cm in size Artemia; 41-60 days The instar seahorses were fed with artemia and frozen mysis with a size of 0.77-0.97 cm, and the remaining frozen mysis were siphoned off every day. During the 6-month breeding period, the ponds were poured 3 times.

Control group 2

C1, C2, C3 groups of 450 sea cucumbers each. Sea cucumbers are evenly placed in large ponds. During the breeding period, the control and management of environmental factors are carried out synchronously with the experimental group. Inject some benthic diatoms into the pond every 5 days, and at the same time, add a small amount of artemia, copepods and frozen mysis. During the 6-month breeding period, the ponds were poured 3 times.

The results show:

Experimental group A: The weight of hippocampus seedlings within 6 months was 8.1±1.6g, the body length was 13.4±2.2 cm, and the survival rate was 76±5.7%. The body weight of the sea cucumber was 159.4±20.4g, and the survival rate was 93±4.3%.

Control group B: The weight of the hippocampus seedlings within 6 months was 8.3±0.9g, the body length was 12.5±1.6 cm, and the survival rate was 72±8.2%.

Control group C: the body weight of sea cucumber seedlings within 6 months was 144.3±24.3g, and the survival rate was 90±7.7%.

In addition, through the analysis of water and electricity consumption, bait utilization rate, labor expenditure and other breeding consumption, the cost of the mixed culture of seahorses and sea cucumbers is between 30-40% compared with the traditional culture of seahorses and sea cucumbers alone.

Conclusion: Combining the above three groups, the mixed culture method of hippocampus and sea cucumber seedlings in the experimental group has an absolute advantage in growth and survival rate. At the same time, it significantly reduces the cost of culture and improves the efficiency of culture. This technology can be popularized and applied.

Claims (7)

1. a method for seahorse and sea cucumber mixed culture, is characterized in that described method comprises the steps: (1) Breeding water preparation: Expose the outdoor cement pool to the sun for 2 days, spread evenly on the bottom of the pool with clean sand and gravel, add nitrofurazone to 3-5 ppm after injecting seawater, soak for 24-48 hours, and then drain the seawater; expose for 1 After a few days, re-inject seawater, add benthic diatoms, chlorella, photosynthetic bacteria and EM bacteria; keep the water body temperature between 18~22℃, salinity 31~34‰, pH 7.9~8.5, evenly aerate to Ensure that the dissolved oxygen is not less than 5mg/L; keep the water body for 3 days; (2) Release of seahorse seedlings: After the seedlings hatch for about 12 hours, put the seedlings into the cement pond at a density of 80-100 tails/cubic meter, and start adding newly hatched artemia and copepods to the cement pond at a density of It is 3~6/ml, fed 6 times a day, and fed with full food. 2. This process needs to be carried out for 5 days, and a small amount of photosynthetic bacteria is splashed every day; (3) Sea cucumber seedlings: 3 days after the seahorse seedlings are put in, put 1-year-old sea cucumber seedlings into the pond, and adjust the light intensity to 2000 Lux; after that, the sea cucumber seedlings are not managed separately in the cement pool; within 5 to 15 days, Feed with freshly hatched Artemia and copepods; from 16 to 40 days, feed with Artemia with a size of 0.37 to 0.52 cm; 41 to 60 days old seahorses with Artemia with a size of 0.77 to 0.97 cm and frozen bran Shrimp feeding; during the breeding process within the above 2 months, do not change the water for the first 20 days, and periodically add appropriate amount of diatoms and chlorella every 3 to 5 days; 1/2 water body replacement) to improve the aquaculture water body; (4) Treatment of pond inversion: Seahorses and sea cucumbers are mixed for 60 days, and the culture pond should be replaced; follow step (1) to prepare another culture pond, and then transfer the seahorses and sea cucumbers directly to another culture pond; during the transfer process The water salinity and temperature are constant. 3. The method for mixed cultivation of seahorses and sea cucumbers according to claim 1, characterized in that in step (1), the added amount of benthic diatoms is 1×10 ⁵ /ml, and the added amount of chlorella is 1×10 ⁷ cells/ml. 4. The method for mixed cultivation of seahorses and sea cucumbers according to claim 1, characterized in that in step (2), the size of the artemia is 0.21±0.04 cm, and the size of the copepods is 0.12±0.02 cm. 5. The method for mixed cultivation of seahorses and sea cucumbers according to claim 3, wherein said artemia is strengthened with highly unsaturated fatty acids for 5 hours, and copepods are strengthened with chlorella for 2 to 5 days. 6. The method for mixed cultivation of seahorses and sea cucumbers according to claim 1, characterized in that in step (3), the sea cucumber seedlings are 50 g, and the amount added is 14-17 heads/square meter. 7. The method for mixed cultivation of seahorses and sea cucumbers according to claim 1, wherein the breeding time is from October of the current year to April to May of the next year if the breeding place is in the south.