CN111771773A - Domesticating method suitable for weever in central and north regions - Google Patents
Domesticating method suitable for weever in central and north regions Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to a feeding domestication method suitable for weever in the central and northern regions. The food domestication method comprises the following steps: firstly, an opening domestication pond in a greenhouse is adopted to perform opening domestication and feeding and material changing domestication on weever fries, the greenhouse is a light-tight shed, lighting equipment is arranged above a feeding area of the domestication pond, the lighting equipment is turned on before feeding, and the lighting equipment is turned off after feeding. According to the invention, the light-transmitting shed and the light-proof shed are compared, the lamp is hung above the water pool of the light-proof shed, so that the fry with smaller specifications has stronger phototaxis, the feed is convenient to domesticate, the domestication survival rate is up to more than 70%, and the adult fish can catch up to the market in the morning.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to a feeding domestication method suitable for weever in the central and northern regions.
Background
The micropterus salmoides, also called micropterus salmoides, belong to the genera of Perciformes, Sunglass and Perciformes, and are freshwater carnivorous fishes. Native to the water system of the Mississippi river in North America, introduced abroad by Taiwan in the end of the 70 th 20 th century, and successfully propagated artificially in 1983, introduced to Guangdong province from Taiwan in the same year. The fish is highly popular with culturists and consumers because of strong adaptability, fast growth, short culture period, easy capture and the like, and has delicious and tender meat quality without muscle thorns, so the fish is called as the fifth Chinese family fish.
Under natural conditions, the Micropterus salmoides like to inhabit in still water environment with fresh water quality or clear slow flowing water, generally move in the middle and lower layers of a water body, can survive within the range of 1-36 ℃, begin to eat at the temperature of more than 10 ℃, and have the optimal growth temperature of 25-28 ℃. The micropterus salmoides are carnivorous fishes, have strong ingestion and large food consumption, and can kill each other, and fry fingerlings of the micropterus salmoides like ingestion of live animal baits such as rotifers, cladocera, copepods and the like in a natural environment. The method mainly depends on natural fishing abroad, the artificial culture is less, and the domestic artificial culture adult Micropterus salmoides can feed fresh small trash fish, minced iced fresh fish and artificial mixed feed. The key point of the micropterus salmoides fry cultivation of the whole artificial compound feed is to solve the problem of feed domestication. The requirement of feeding high-density seedlings cannot be met due to the limited amount of the live baits in the breeding pond in the seedling breeding process.
With the continuous progress of the culture technology, the domestication work of the micropterus salmoides fry is also carried out in all regions, wherein the early breeding and early breeding work of the micropterus salmoides is quite mature in the Guangdong region due to the advantages of natural geographical regions, large-scale culture populations are formed in the Zhejiang region, and the culture technology and the culture mode are relatively mature. At present, the national aquaculture hot tide of the micropterus salmoides is raised, the huge difference of the temperature needs to be overcome in the middle and north regions relative to the south, the effective culture time of the whole year of the micropterus salmoides is relatively short, and the comprehensive and real culture time is not more than 6 months, so that most culture practitioners mainly culture old mouth fishes (next year fishes), the production cost is greatly increased, the pond storage risk of big fishes is increased, in order to obtain greater economic benefit, many farmers spend great money to purchase large-size fish seeds from Guangdong during fry release in spring, thereby bringing new mouth fishes to the market (the current year fishes) and greatly improving the fry cost, therefore, the local micropterus salmoides early breed the large-size fish seeds, the current year fish seeds can reach the specification of the market, the popularization of the culture mode is imperative, and the matched fish seeds are required to be cultured before the coming of the culture season in the next year.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a feeding habit method suitable for weever in the central and northern regions. The food habit domestication method can greatly improve the food habit domestication survival rate of the micropterus salmoides in the middle and north areas.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a domesticating method suitable for weever in the central and northern regions, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, a domestication pond in a greenhouse is adopted to domesticate the weever fry with feed, the greenhouse is a light-tight shed, lighting equipment is arranged above a feeding area of the domestication pond, the lighting equipment is turned on before feeding, the illumination intensity is 200-800 lux, the lighting equipment is turned off after feeding, and the illumination intensity is continuously weakened along with the growth of the fry; the daily cultivation illumination is 100-150 lux; the feed domestication comprises opening domestication and feeding changing domestication, and specifically comprises the following steps:
the initial water temperature for opening food habit domestication is 18-22 ℃, then the water temperature is gradually increased to 20-25 ℃, and the temperature is not increased to be more than 2 ℃ every day; feeding rotifers only on the first day of feeding domesticated food, feeding rotifers and powder from the second day, and gradually reducing feeding amount of the rotifers and increasing feeding amount of the powder until all the powder is fed;
after the fry completely ingests the powder, the fry is reloaded and domesticated, the pasty powder is fed, then the dosage of the pasty powder is gradually reduced, and the dosage of the dry powder is increased until the dry powder is fed completely; feeding the expanded and crushed materials when the fry grows to 1500-2000 tails/jin;
and feeding expanded feed with the particle size of 0.5mm when the fry grow to 500-800 tails/jin, and transferring the fry into an outer pond greenhouse with the water temperature of 16-20 ℃ for continuous feeding, wherein the outer pond greenhouse is a light-transmitting outer pond greenhouse.
Preferably, the stocking density of the starter domestication is 0.8-1.2 ten thousand tails/m3And the domestication time of the feed is 7-10 days.
Preferably, feeding 3-6 tons of rotifers on the first day of feeding habit at an opening, wherein the feeding time per ton exceeds one hour; the daily feeding amount from the next day to the time before all the powder is fed is 5-10% of the total weight of the fry, and the fry is fed for 2-4 times every day.
Preferably, feeding 4 rows of rotifers on the first day of feeding by domestication in the opening, wherein the feeding time exceeds one hour; the daily feeding amount from the next day to the time before all the powder is fed is 8 percent of the total weight of the fry, and the fry is fed for 3 times every day.
Preferably, the feeding times of the rotifers domesticated in the opening are 4, and the feeding time is 6: 30-7: 30, 10: 30-11: 30, 14: 30-15: 30 and 18: 30-19: 30 respectively;
preferably, the feeding times of the rotifers domesticating food at the opening are 4, and the feeding time is 7:00, 11:00, 15:00 and 19:00 respectively.
Preferably, the feeding times of the rotifers and the powder in the opening domestication process are 3 times, and the feeding time is 6: 30-7: 30, 12: 00-13: 00 and 18: 30-19: 30 respectively.
Preferably, the feeding times of the rotifers and the powder in the opening domestication process are 3 times, and the feeding time is 7:00, 12:30 and 19:00 respectively.
Preferably, the powder material has a protein content of 48% or more.
Preferably, when feeding the rotifers and the powder, the mass ratio of the mixed bait of the rotifers and the powder to the water is 1: (4-6).
Preferably, when feeding the rotifers and the powder, the mass ratio of the mixed bait of the rotifers and the powder to the water is 1: 5.
preferably, bacillus and vitamin complex are added into the bait 3 days before the starter acclimatization, activated lactobacillus is added into the feed 3 days later, and the vitamin complex is added into the feed regularly during the feed changing process.
Preferably, the transition period of material changing and feeding domestication is 4-5 days, feeding is carried out for 3 times every day, and the daily feeding amount is 3% -8% of the total weight of the fries; the material changing and feeding time is 6: 30-7: 30, 12: 00-13: 00 and 17: 30-18: 30.
Preferably, the reloading feeding time is 7:00, 12:30 and 18: 00.
Preferably, the particle size of the puffed and crushed material is 0.1-0.3 mm.
Preferably, the daily feeding amount of the expanded feed is 3-8% of the total weight of the fries, and the feeding is carried out for 2 times every day; the feeding time is 6: 30-7: 30, and 16: 30-17: 30 respectively.
Preferably, the daily feeding amount of the expanded feed is 6 percent of the total weight of the fries, and the feeding is carried out for 2 times per day; the feeding time is 7:00 and 17:00 respectively.
Preferably, the dissolved oxygen in the water body is not less than 6.0mg/L in the weever fry domesticating process.
The invention provides a domestication method suitable for weever in the central and northern regions. The food domestication method comprises the following steps: firstly, a domestication pond in a greenhouse is adopted to domesticate the weever fry with feed, the greenhouse is a light-tight shed, lighting equipment is arranged above a feeding area of the domestication pond, the lighting equipment is turned on before feeding, the illumination intensity is 200-800 lux, the lighting equipment is turned off after feeding, and the illumination intensity is continuously weakened along with the growth of the fry; the daily cultivation illumination is 100-150 lux; feeding the expanded and crushed materials when the fry grows to 1500-2000 tails/jin; and when the fry grow to 500-800 tails/jin, transferring the fry into an outer pond greenhouse with the water temperature of 16-20 ℃, wherein the outer pond greenhouse is a light-transmitting outer pond greenhouse. The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the water temperature of the cement pond is controlled by the environment-friendly boiler to reach the optimal growth temperature of the fry, so that the influence of external factors on the fry is avoided, and the growth speed of the fry is increased;
2. during food domestication, health care products such as bacillus, multivitamin, lactobacillus and the like are added to enhance the physique of the fry and improve the success rate of food domestication;
3. the high-quality micropterus salmoides compound feed is matched, and the scientific breeding management is realized, so that the feed conversion in a short time is realized;
4. compared with the light-proof shed, the light-proof shed is hung above the water pool of the light-proof shed, so that the fry with smaller specifications has stronger phototaxis, the feed is convenient to domesticate, the domestication survival rate is up to more than 70%, and the adult fishes can catch up with the market in the morning.
Detailed Description
The invention discloses a feeding domestication method suitable for weever in the northcentral region, and a person skilled in the art can realize the method by properly improving process parameters by referring to the content of the text. It is expressly intended that all such similar substitutes and modifications which would be obvious to one skilled in the art are deemed to be included in the invention. While the methods and applications of this invention have been described in terms of preferred embodiments, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that variations and modifications in the methods and applications described herein, as well as other suitable variations and combinations, may be made to implement and use the techniques of this invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
The invention aims to provide a method for domesticating and eating compound feed for early fries of micropterus salmoides, which is designed for breeding large-specification fingerlings of the early fries of the micropterus salmoides in the middle and north areas of China.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a weever early seedling domestication method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: infrastructure preparation: the roof of the cement pond is provided with a heat-insulating layer and is a light-tight roof, so that the indoor day and night temperature stability is ensured; a hot water pipe is laid at the bottom of the cement pond and connected with an environment-friendly boiler, and is used for controlling the temperature of the water body of the cement pond; each cement pit is close to the feeding corridor and is provided with a 28W energy-saving lamp at a position which is 50cm away from the water surface and is 20cm away from the water surface; the depth of the cement pool is 1m, and the area is 25m2On the left and right sides, bleaching powder or quicklime is used for thorough disinfection treatment before seedling placing; adding pond water to about 50cm 3-4 days before fry placing, wherein the water source is outer pond water, adjusting the water temperature to be equivalent to the water temperature of a place where the fry is purchased (the upper and lower temperature is not more than 3 ℃) in advance through a reservoir, detoxifying the water body by using organic acid one day before fry placing, and increasing oxygen by arranging a microporous aeration disc;
preferably, the environment-friendly boiler is a hot water boiler, and the fuel is clean coal.
Step two: selecting fish fry: the scales and the fin rays are selected to be complete, the body surface is smooth, the disease is avoided, and the belly is fullThe size of the full weever fry is about 1 jin 5500 tails, the fry is preferably transported back from Guangdong by water wheel, the young fish is put into a cement pond for temporary culture for 1-2 days, the temporary culture density is 1-2 ten thousand tails/m3After the fish is put into the pond, iodine is used for disinfection, an air blower is used for fully increasing oxygen, the water temperature is controlled to be 18-22 ℃, after a lighting lamp is turned on, due to the particularity of the micropterus salmoides, young fish fry tend to light, and bigger fish fry are shaded, so that the food for domesticating the feed is generally kept when the young fish is in the period of time, a lamp is hung above the pond at the moment, so that fish flocks can be gathered under the light, the condition reflection of the fish fries is realized, and the frozen rotifers can be properly fed when the food for domesticating the fish is just started;
preferably, the frozen rotifers can be used after being washed clean by clear water.
Step three: opening fries and domesticating: dividing the temporary rearing pond fry into 1 ten thousand tails/m of domestication pond prepared in advance3Slowly raising the water temperature to 20-25 ℃, raising the temperature not more than 2 ℃ every day, feeding 3-6 tons of rotifers in the first day, feeding for more than one hour every time, adding a small amount of powder in the second day, increasing the powder feeding amount every day, feeding for 2-4 times every day until all the powder is fed, turning on light before feeding, turning off after feeding, continuously weakening the illumination intensity by raising, pulling far and reducing the illumination light along with the growth of the fries, daily turning on only an aisle illumination light, taking 7-10 days in the whole feeding domestication process, and fishing out dead fish in time;
preferably, the powder is a special compound feed for micropterus salmoides fries, and the feed is powder with more than 48% of protein;
preferably, the mass ratio of the mixed bait of the rotifers and the powder to the water is 1: 5;
preferably, the feeding time is 7:00-11:00-15:00-19: 00;
preferably, some bacillus and multivitamin are added into the bait 3 days before domestication, the physique of the fry is enhanced, a good planting environment is created for intestinal beneficial bacteria, and activated lactic acid bacteria are added into the feed 3 days later, so that the digestion and absorption capacity of the fry on the feed is improved;
preferably, in the seedling domestication period, sewage suction and water change are carried out on the bottom of the pond every 2 to 3 days, and the water change is 15 to 30cm each time;
preferably, the method for activating lactic acid bacteria comprises: and (3) carrying out sealed fermentation on lactobacillus, brown sugar, tap water (after boiling and cooling) or well water according to the mass ratio of 1:5:100, wherein the fermentation temperature is 15-30 ℃, and the fermentation time is 24-48 hours.
Step four: fry changing: after the fry completely ingests the powder, the fry cannot be fed with dry powder urgently, the dry powder is mixed with proper water to form paste for feeding, the use amount of the paste is gradually reduced, the use amount of the dry powder is increased, the fry is fed for 3 times every day, the daily food intake is 3% -8%, the process needs 4-5 days, the fry can be fed with the puffed broken material when the fry grows to about 1 jin 2000 tails, the feed is mixed with multiple dimensions regularly, the fry is screened once every 10 days, the fry is disinfected with iodine for two days continuously after being screened every time, the slightly larger fry is shielded from light, and the light can be weakened properly.
Preferably, the ratio of the powder to the water is 1: 5;
preferably, the feeding time is 7:00-12:30-18: 00;
preferably, the particle size of the puffed and crushed material is 0.1-0.3 mm;
preferably, the water level of the cement pond needs to be continuously deepened along with the continuous growth of the fry;
preferably, after sieving, the fry is 5-7 jin/m3The stocking density is proper;
preferably, in the cultivation process of the weever offspring seeds, the dissolved oxygen in water is not lower than 6.0 mg/L;
preferably, as the fry grows up, the work of sewage suction and water change is carried out every day, and the water change amount is 20-40cm according to the water quality condition.
Step five: when the fry grows to 500 plus 800 tails/jin, the fry can completely eat the expanded materials with the grain diameter of 0.5mm, when the water temperature of the outer pond plastic greenhouse rises to about 18 ℃, the fry is transferred into the outer pond plastic greenhouse, the stocking density is 20 ten thousand tails/mu, the blower is fully used for increasing oxygen, two tons of fry are fed every day, the daily ingestion rate is 3-8%, and the water quality is monitored and controlled.
Preferably, the shed roof of the outer pond shed is a plastic light-transmitting film, the bottom of the pond is soil, the water depth is 1.2-1.5m, and the area of each shed is preferably 1-2 mu;
preferably, the feeding time is 7:00-17: 00;
preferably, in the cultivation process of the perch fingerlings, the dissolved oxygen in the water body is not less than 6.0 mg/L.
The material or equipment used in the domesticating method of the weever in the greenhouse in winter in the northcentral region can be purchased from the market.
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples:
example 1 early fry domestication method for Micropterus salmoides
A early fry domestication method for Micropterus salmoides comprises the following steps:
step one, infrastructure preparation:
the roof of the cement pond is provided with an insulating layer, so that a light-tight shed can ensure the indoor day and night temperature to be stable; a hot water pipe is laid at the bottom of the cement pond and connected with an environment-friendly boiler (the environment-friendly boiler is a hot water boiler, and the fuel is clean coal) for controlling the temperature of the water body of the cement pond; each cement pit is close to the feeding corridor and is provided with a lighting lamp with higher brightness at a position which is 50cm away from the water surface and is 20cm away from the water surface; the height of the cement pond is 1m, and the area is 25m2On the left and right sides, bleaching powder or quicklime is used for thorough disinfection treatment before seedling placing; adding pond water to about 50cm 3 days before fry placing, wherein the water source is outer pond water, adjusting the water temperature to be equivalent to the water temperature of a place where the fry is purchased (the upper part and the lower part do not exceed 3 ℃) in advance through a reservoir, detoxifying the water body by using organic acid one day before fry placing, and increasing oxygen by arranging a microporous aeration disc;
step two, fry selection:
selecting Japanese sea Perch fry with scales and fins, smooth surface, no disease, no injury, and plump abdomen, specification of 1 jin 5500 fish, transporting the fry from Guangdong area preferably by waterwheel, temporarily culturing young fish in cement pond for 2 days, and temporarily culturing density of 2 ten thousand fish/m3After the fish is put into the pond, iodine is used for disinfection, an air blower is used for fully increasing oxygen, the water temperature is controlled to be 20 ℃, after a lighting lamp is turned on, due to the particularity of the micropterus salmoides, young fish fries tend to be lighted, and bigger fish fries are shaded, so that the feed is domesticated when the young fish fries are kept, and at the moment, a lamp can be hung above the pond for domesticating the feedThe fish shoal is gathered under the light, the fish fry is conditioned and reflected, and the frozen rotifer can be fed properly (the frozen rotifer can be used after being washed clean by clear water).
Step three, opening fry and domesticating:
the fry in the temporary rearing pond is pulled to a cement pond with 1 ten thousand tails/m prepared in advance3Slowly raising the water temperature to be more than 20-25 ℃, raising the temperature not more than 2 ℃ every day, feeding rotifers for 4 times in the first day, wherein the feeding time exceeds one hour every time, adding a small amount of powder (the fed powder is special compound feed for micropterus salmoides fries, the feed is powder with more than 48% of protein) in the second day, and then increasing the feeding amount of the powder every day until the powder is fed completely, wherein the mass ratio of mixed bait of the rotifers and the powder to the water is 1: 5; feeding 3 times per day with feeding amount of 8% of total weight of fry, and feeding time of 7:00-12:30-19: 00; before feeding, the lamplight is turned on, after feeding, the aisle lighting lamp is turned off, the whole feeding training process takes 8 days, the feed is mixed into paste with water in the whole process, and the fish is fished out in time.
Note that: when the powder material is added at the beginning, some bacillus and multivitamin are added into the bait three days before domesticating and eating, the physique of the fry is enhanced, a good planting environment is created for intestinal beneficial bacteria, and the activated lactobacillus is added into the feed 3 days later, so that the digestion and absorption capacity of the fry on the feed is improved, and the intestinal function is enhanced;
in the seedling domesticating period, the bottom of the pond is subjected to sewage suction every 2 days, and water is changed by 10-20 cm;
the lactobacillus activation method comprises the following steps: and (3) hermetically fermenting lactobacillus, brown sugar, tap water (after boiling and cooling) or well water according to the mass ratio of 1:5:100 at the fermentation temperature of 20 ℃ for 24 hours.
Step four, fry reloading:
after the fry completely ingests the powder, the fry cannot be fed with dry powder urgently, water is properly added to mix the dry powder into paste for feeding, and the ratio of the powder to the water is 1: 5; gradually reducing the use amount of the pasty feed, increasing the use amount of the dry powder feed, and feeding for 3 tons every day, wherein the feeding time is 7:00-12:30-18: 00; the daily food intake is 8%, the process is carried out for 4 days, and when the fry grows to about 1 jin and 2000 tails, the fry can be fed by using a puffed and crushed material, wherein the crushed material is a special compound feed for micropterus salmoides and has the particle size of 0.1-0.3 mm; the feed is mixed with multivitamin and immune polysaccharide for 5 days every 15 days, the fry is screened once every 10 days, the water body is disinfected by iodine for two consecutive days after the fry is screened every time, the fry has a little light shielding property slightly larger, and the light can be lifted and hung at a position slightly farther away.
The water level of the cement pond needs to be continuously deepened along with the continuous growth of the fry;
after successfully domesticating and sieving, the fry is kept at 6 jin/m3The stocking density is proper;
in the process of cultivating the weever fries, the dissolved oxygen in the water body is not lower than 6.0 mg/L;
as the fry grows up, the work of sewage suction and water change is required every day, and the water change amount is 20-40cm according to the water quality condition.
Step five, an outer pond greenhouse domestication stage:
when the fry grows to 500 tails/jin, the fry can eat the expanded material with the grain diameter of 0.5mm completely, when the water temperature of the outer pond plastic greenhouse rises to about 18 ℃, the fry is transferred into the outer pond plastic greenhouse, the top of the outer pond plastic greenhouse is a plastic light-transmitting film, the bottom of the pond is soil, the water depth is 1.2-1.5m, and the area of a single greenhouse is 1-2 mu; the stocking density is 20 ten thousand pieces/mu, the blower sufficiently increases oxygen, and the feeding is carried out for two tons every day, and the feeding time is 7:00-17: 00; the daily ingestion rate is 8 percent, and the good water quality is monitored and controlled. In the whole cultivation process of the weever fries, the dissolved oxygen in the water body is not less than 6.0 mg/L.
Comparative example 1 conventional perch water bloom soil pond domestication method
The conventional method for domesticating the perch blossoming in the soil pond specifically comprises the following steps: thoroughly cleaning the pond in the first half month of 3 and 4 months per year of putting the sculpin into the pond, then adding water by about 80-100cm, fertilizing water by 200kg of decomposed chicken manure per mu 3 days before putting the sculpin into the pond, and detoxifying the water body by using organic acid one day before putting seedlings. Perch fry can be observed at the pond side in the middle of a day in a fine day about one week after the weever blossoms, and at the moment, the water condition is observed by paying attention to, and fertilizers are supplemented properly to ensure that the bait in the pond is sufficient.
And (3) putting the water bloom into the pond for about 20 days, and performing artificial feed domestication when the live baits of the pond are insufficient when the fish fries begin to swim around the pond edge clusters. A water pump is hung at the side of a pond and continuously flushes water in one direction, water flow is used for stimulating fry to gather, meanwhile frozen rotifers (used after being cleaned) begin to be fed, the frozen rotifers flow along the flushed water flow, after 2-3 days of feeding, a large number of fries are gathered, a small amount of powder and multiple dimensions can be added into the rotifers for feeding, then the adding amount of the powder is continuously increased until the powder is fed completely, the whole process can be finished after being continued for about one week, the powder is fed in a pasty state in the whole process, then the powder is slowly converted into dry material, the fry is screened for the first time when the fry grows to about 5cm, and the adult fish culture process begins.
Comparative example 2 comparative feeding habit training method
The feeding habit domestication and seedling raising steps are the same as those in the embodiment 1 except that the feeding habit domestication and seedling raising greenhouse adopts a light-transmitting greenhouse.
Test example 1 feeding habit-training effect
The food domestication method of the example 1, the comparative example 1 and the comparative example 2 is adopted to domesticate the Micropterus salmoides, and the actual food domestication effect is counted as the following table:
table 1 example 1 early fry domestication data statistics for micropterus salmoides
| Location of a site | Time of seedling setting | Total number of seedlings released (Tail) | Seedling specification (tailed/jin) |
| Anhui Chizhou | Year 2020, 1 month 15 days | 98 ten thousand | 5500 |
| Time of fish out | Total fish (tail) | Fish output specification (tailed/jin) | Survival rate (%) |
| Year 2020, 3 and 18 | 70 ten thousand | 100-300 | 71.43 |
TABLE 2 COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1 statistics of conventional perch water bloom and soil pond domestication data
| Location of a site | Time of seedling setting | Total number of seedlings released (Tail) | Seedling specification (jin/tail) |
| Anhui Chizhou | 21/3/2020 | 100 ten thousand | Water bloom |
| Time of fish out | Total fish (tail) | Fish output specification (jin/tailo) | Survival rate (%) |
| 6/month/5/2020 | 21 ten thousand | 150-300 | 21.00 |
TABLE 3 comparative example 2 early fry domestication data statistics for Micropterus salmoides
| Location of a site | Time of seedling setting | Total number of seedlings released (Tail) | Seedling specification (jin/tail) |
| Anhui Chizhou | Year 2020, 1 month 15 | 24 ten thousand | 5500 |
| Time of fish out | Total fish (tail) | Fish output specification (jin/tailo) | Survival rate (%) |
| Year 2020, 3 and 19 | 15 ten thousand | 100-300 | 62.50 |
From the above results, it can be seen that:
the conventional weever domestication method is not suitable for weever domestication methods in greenhouses in winter in the middle and north areas, and the domestication survival rate of water blossoms (generally put in an outer pond at the bottom of 3 months and in the beginning of 4 months) of common weever in spring is generally not more than 20%;
compared with the light-proof shed, the light-proof shed is hung above the water pool of the light-proof shed, so that the fry with smaller specifications has stronger phototaxis, the feed is convenient to domesticate, the domestication survival rate is up to more than 70%, and the adult fishes can catch up with the market in the morning.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A domesticating method suitable for weever in the central and north areas is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, a domestication pond in a greenhouse is adopted to domesticate the weever fry with feed, the greenhouse is a light-tight shed, lighting equipment is arranged above a feeding area of the domestication pond, the lighting equipment is turned on before feeding, the illumination intensity is 200-800 lux, the lighting equipment is turned off after feeding, and the illumination intensity is continuously weakened along with the growth of the fry; the daily cultivation illumination is 100-150 lux; the feed domestication comprises opening domestication and material changing domestication, and specifically comprises the following steps:
the initial water temperature for opening food habit domestication is 18-22 ℃, then the water temperature is gradually increased to 20-25 ℃, and the temperature is not increased to be more than 2 ℃ every day; feeding rotifers only on the first day of feeding domesticated food, feeding rotifers and powder from the second day, and gradually reducing feeding amount of the rotifers and increasing feeding amount of the powder until all the powder is fed;
after the fry completely ingests the powder, the fry is reloaded and domesticated, the pasty powder is fed, then the dosage of the pasty powder is gradually reduced, and the dosage of the dry powder is increased until the dry powder is fed completely; feeding the expanded and crushed materials when the fry grows to 1500-2000 tails/jin;
and feeding expanded feed with the particle size of 0.5mm when the fry grow to 500-800 tails/jin, and transferring the fry into an outer pond greenhouse with the water temperature of 16-20 ℃ for continuous feeding, wherein the outer pond greenhouse is a light-transmitting outer pond greenhouse.
2. The domestication method of claim 1, wherein the stocking density of the open mouth domestication is 0.8-1.2 ten thousand tails/m3And the domestication time of the feed is 7-10 days.
3. The feeding habit method according to claim 1, wherein the opening feeding habit is 3-6 Rotifer worms on the first day, and the feeding time is more than one hour per feeding; the daily feeding amount from the next day to the time before all the powder is fed is 5-10% of the total weight of the fry, and the fry is fed for 2-4 times every day.
4. The food domestication method according to claim 1, characterized in that the feeding times of the rotifers for the open food domestication are 4, and the feeding time is 6: 30-7: 30, 10: 30-11: 30, 14: 30-15: 30, 18: 30-19: 30;
the feeding times of the rotifers and the powder in the opening feeding domestication process are 3 times, and the feeding time is 6: 30-7: 30, 12: 00-13: 00 and 18: 30-19: 30 respectively.
5. The feeding habit management method according to claim 1, wherein said powder is a powder with a protein content of more than 48%; when feeding rotifers and powder, the mass ratio of mixed bait of the rotifers and the powder to water is 1: (4-6).
6. The feeding habit forming method according to claim 1, wherein the bacillus and the vitamin complex are added to the bait 3 days before feeding habit forming, the activated lactobacillus is added to the feed 3 days later, and the vitamin complex is added to the feed periodically during the feeding change process.
7. The food habit domestication method according to claim 1, characterized in that the transition period of the material changing and food habit domestication is 4-5 days, the feeding is carried out 3 times per day, and the daily feeding amount is 3% -8% of the total weight of the fry; the material changing and feeding time is 6: 30-7: 30, 12: 00-13: 00 and 17: 30-18: 30.
8. The feeding habit forming method according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of the puffed and crushed material is 0.1 to 0.3 mm.
9. The feeding habit raising method according to claim 1, characterized in that the daily feeding amount of the puffed material is 3-8% of the total weight of the fry, and the puffed material is fed for 2 times per day; the feeding time is 6: 30-7: 30, and 16: 30-17: 30 respectively.
10. The domestication method of claim 1, wherein the dissolved oxygen in the water body is not less than 6.0mg/L in the weever fry domestication process.
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