CN101715747B - Method for promoting Yangtze River saury to naturally spawn - Google Patents
Method for promoting Yangtze River saury to naturally spawn Download PDFInfo
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- CN101715747B CN101715747B CN2009102331737A CN200910233173A CN101715747B CN 101715747 B CN101715747 B CN 101715747B CN 2009102331737 A CN2009102331737 A CN 2009102331737A CN 200910233173 A CN200910233173 A CN 200910233173A CN 101715747 B CN101715747 B CN 101715747B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for promoting Yangtze River saury to naturally spawn, and mainly solves the technical problems that the uncertainty exists in the conventional artificial propagation method of Yangtze River saury and the efficiency of artificially induced spawning is low. The artificial propagation steps comprise the selection of backup parent fishes, establishment of a biomimetic breeding system, breeding and nutritional fortification of the parent fishes, natural season rhythmicity imitating adjustment of breeding environment, selection of mature parent fishes, natural spawning by artificial inducement, collection of fertilized eggs, incubation and breeding. The method can obviously improve the spawning efficiency and the fertilized egg hatchability of the saury, and provide a technical guarantee for germ plasm resource protection and breeding industrialization of the Yangtze River saury.
Description
Technical field: the method that the present invention relates to impel the Changjiang river hairtail natural spawning; Especially adopt modern water treatment engineering technology and automated control technology; Set up and be fit to the Changjiang river hairtail gonad development and the bionical attitude breeding environment of laying eggs; The sexual gland of the Changjiang river hairtail is reached maturity naturally, and natural spawning.
Background technology: be called as the Changjiang river hairtail of " one of the Changjiang river three delicacies ", formal name used at school is a long jaw long-tailed anchovy (Coiliaectenes), and its fine and tender taste, deliciousness are the important economic fishs of the middle and lower reach of Yangtze River.In recent years, because overfishing, the deterioration of the ecological environment or spawning ground are destroyed, quantity of the catch sharply descends, and is very expensive, per jin up to more than 2,000 yuan in the selling price of China market.Although after irritating Jiang Namiao acquisition hairtail juvenile fish, propagate hairtail artificially and succeed, quantity is less, and is diversified in specifications, and the blindness of breed is bigger, is difficult to produce in batches.The demand of culturing for the protection of the Changjiang river germ plasm resource and hairtail; Domestic scientist and peasant household carry out the trial of more than ten years in the hairtail artificial propagation; The Changjiang river hairtail belongs to migration fishes; The necessary ecotope of its gonad development is comparatively complicated, and its food composition also changes with the biological structure in migration path, and the variation rhythm and pace of moving things and the nutritional need that satisfy its ecotope are to impel normal development of hairtail sexual gland and mature technique key.In traditional breeding facility (comprising pond, greenhouse or cement pit), because water body is excessive, water temperature changes with the variation of weather, and artificially the limitation of intensification or cooling is very big.The conciliation of salinity, can't realize because cost is too high in the hinterland especially.Existing breeding method is difficult to satisfy in the hairtail migration process gonad development to the demand of ecotope, often finds that gonad development stagnates suddenly to the IV phase, even degenerates, and is difficult to reach maturity.Though produce a small amount of fertilized egg or prelarva sometimes, since very few to the reproductive biology understanding of hairtail, add that the hairtail individuality is very thin, injured promptly dead, be difficult to carry out the hormone artificial induction and lay eggs.At present, idol has indivedual reports of hairtail artificial propagation success, but does not propose efficient ways as yet, and the success or failure of hairtail artificial propagation exist great contingency, more can't carry out Industry Promotion.The research of the Changjiang river hairtail artificial propagation techniques and improvement become the key of protection hairtail germ plasm resource and development hairtail aquaculture industry.
Summary of the invention: the purpose of the invention provides a kind of method of impelling the Changjiang river hairtail natural spawning; And impel the hairtail gonadal maturation and induce the method for natural spawning; Mainly solve contingency and the low technical barrier of artificial induction's spawning efficiency that present the Changjiang river hairtail artificial fecundation method exists.
Technical scheme of the present invention: a kind of method of impelling the Changjiang river hairtail natural spawning; May further comprise the steps: the selecting of a, reserve parent fish: select individual big; Plentiful and flawless hairtail is the foundation of parent population b, bionical attitude cultivating system in support: set up the parent fish rearing pond, circular water treating system is installed in the pond and is used to regulate water temperature, salinity and the automation control system in day illumination cycle; C, parent fish rearing and fortification: the young shrimp of the Penaeus Vannmei of throwing something and feeding or juvenile prawn live body and strengthening nutritional additive powder with high; The adjusting of d, the imitative natural season rhythmicity of breeding environment: mainly reconcile salinity, temperature and day illumination cycle, so that the bionical attitude environment of migration property hairtail to be provided; The selection of e, mature brood fish: the standard of ripe female hairtail is: belly is soft and little protuberance arranged, and gonopore is blush; Ripe male hairtail mainly shows light pressure belly, has a small amount of white seminal fluid to flow out; F, artificial induction's natural spawning:, impel the hairtail sexual gland to reach maturity naturally, and then induce its natural spawning through increasing water flow velocity, improve water temperature, prolonging the sunshine time; Or before taking above-mentioned measure, the raun hormone is accelerated the ripening; G, collect fertilized egg: collect supernatant fertilized egg, the egg-collecting box bottom needs to settle gas stone, keeps little inflation, makes the fertilized egg of the collection state that in water body, is evenly distributed; H, hatch fish roe: the hairtail fertilized egg hatching can adopt buoyancy incubating oosperm net cage method; I, grow seedlings: before fry hatches, add the clear water that is rich in bait toward nursery pond.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows; Through the water treatment engineering technology means; Satisfy the necessary ecological factor of hairtail gonad development and change the rhythm and pace of moving things and nutritional need, the sexual gland of culturing the parent is reached maturity naturally, induce the hairtail natural spawning through a series of aggregate measures; Thereby improve the spawning efficiency and the incubation rate of culturing the parent, make the propagation technique of culturing hairtail obtain commercial application.In addition, can control egg-laying time artificially, produce, meet the need of market thereby reach according to plan through the conciliation of water temperature and illumination.But the hairtail parent who adopts the inventive method culture successful to go out gonad maturity, the natural spawning that hairtail is induced in enforcement, incubation rate reaches 52.4%.
Embodiment: a kind of method of impelling the Changjiang river hairtail natural spawning may further comprise the steps:
1, reserve parent fish selects.It is bigger to select individuality in the 4～November in every year, and the hairtail in plentiful and flawless 1～3 age parent population is in support raised.
2, be equipped with the ecological cultivation system of water processing establishment: the parent fish rearing pond is selected round pond for use or the square cement pit of fillet is arranged, and area is 20～400 square metres, and the depth of water is 1～2 meter, and breeding density is 2～16/M
2In the parent fish rearing pond, adopt U.S. Aquatic Eco-systems, (CSK3,90gpm flowrate 4.4cu.ft.filter), reconcile and improve water quality the circular water treating system that Inc. manages.Through automation control system (U.S. Yellow Springs Instruments; Yellow Springs; Ohio;
5200Water Quality Monitoring System that USA produces); Reconcile water temperature, salinity and the seasonal variety rhythm and pace of moving things in day illumination cycle effectively, make the sexual gland of hairtail reserve parent fish under the environmental condition of imitative nature, grow naturally.
3, parent fish rearing and fortification: in culture system, young shrimp of the Penaeus Vannmei of throwing something and feeding or juvenile prawn live body make the density of bait shrimp reach 1～20/M
2Summer and autumn are on the occasion of the critical period of reproductive cell increment and growth.Need amounts of protein, unsaturated fatty acid and other micronutrient elements, during this period; To carry out fortification to young shrimp of Penaeus Vannmei or juvenile prawn live body; Promptly when supporting young shrimp of Penaeus Vannmei or juvenile prawn temporarily, the bait of throwing something and feeding and strengthening through nutrient powder comprises artemia nauplii.The strengthening nutritional additive powder with high that is adopted is AquaGrowARA); By Advanced BioNutrition Corp., Columbia, MD produces; Be rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA); Little nutrient components such as DHA (DHA) and carotenoid through bait is strengthened, provide most important, essential little nutrition and non-oxidizability for the growth of hairtail reproductive cell indirectly.
4, the adjusting of the imitative natural season rhythmicity of breeding environment: mainly reconcile salinity, temperature and day illumination cycle, so that the bionical attitude environment of migration property hairtail to be provided.In the parent fish rearing pond, be equipped with the water circulation water treatment system, add the EM probio, like " concentrating EM bacterium king " of the green treasured place bio tech ltd in Shenzhen.In the hope of improvement water quality, decomposition defective material and animal wastes, suppress harmful germ growth and breeding, keep good water quality; The water-quality test detecting head is set, detects and record main factor diurnal variation of water environment and seasonal variation, comprise water temperature, dissolved oxygen, illumination and salinity etc.Reconcile salinity through manual work, the natural salinity that satisfies the migration hairtail changes, and promptly keeps fresh water environment in 4～June; Increase salinity gradually in 7～September, finally reach 5～10 ‰; In 10～December salinity is maintained 10～30 ‰; Reduce salinity gradually in 1～March, final salinity 0～5 ‰.In automation control system, in summer, by 24-32 ℃ of refrigeration machine control water temperature; In the fall, temperature is controlled at 18～26 ℃; In the winter time, adopt the well water temperature control, solar water heater improves water temperature, makes water temperature be not less than 10 ℃, is generally 10～16 ℃; In spring, temperature is controlled at 15～28 ℃.Through the illumination adjuster, make the illumination diurnal variation cycle copy seasonality to change round the clock.Described illumination is regulated: promptly in summer, with day illumination periodic Control 12～15 hours by day, in the fall; With day illumination periodic Control 10～13 hours by day, in the winter time, with day illumination periodic Control 9～11 hours by day; In spring, with day illumination periodic Control at 11～16 hours.Through the seasonal variation of temperature and the variation round the clock of day illumination, make the correct seasonal variation of hairtail impression, to satisfy the essential natural conditions of hairtail gonad development, impel growing naturally of sexual gland.
5, the selection of mature brood fish: in spring; When water temperature surpasses 18 ℃, when continuing 10～30 days, the some phenomena that the male and female hairtail chases appears between the lights; Show that the hairtail gonad development closes on the maturing stage (ootid nucleus begins polarization), the suitable opportunity of selecting female hairtail to accelerate the ripening and inject at a time when this.The standard of ripe female hairtail is: belly is soft and little protuberance arranged, and gonopore is blush; Ripe male hairtail mainly shows light pressure belly, has a small amount of white seminal fluid to flow out.
6, hormone accelerates the ripening: female hairtail can adopt an injection of hormone method to impel the development of ovary ripe.Hormone is selected Ovaprin (produced and sold by Canadian Syndel International company).The ID of raun is 25 μ l/50g fishes, and milter can be selected not inject.Hairtail after the injection is put into original parent fish rearing pond.
7, through the envirment factor comprehensive adjustment, induce hairtail sexual gland physical maturity and natural spawning: when water temperature surpasses 18 ℃, hormone accelerated the ripening after the week; In parent fish pond, add 250～1000 watts water pump, (make current reach the speed of 0.1～0.4 meter per second) when increasing current gradually; Improve water temperature gradually (since 16 ℃; Improve 0.2 ℃ every day, until 28 ℃), and; (dried up 1～1.2 meter is provided with illuminating lamp to the extended day light application time above culturing the pond, in water surface illuminance greater than 600 luxs does gradually; Since day every day illumination 11 hours, prolong 10 minutes every day) until day every day illumination 16 hours.Comprehensive adjusting through to envirment factors such as current, water temperature and day illumination times impels the hairtail sexual gland to reach maturity naturally, and then induces its natural spawning.
8, collect fertilized egg: hairtail fertilized egg belongs to buoyant egg, can swim in the water surface, can flow out with the top layer discharge outlet.At the superficial water delivery port place that cultivates the pond egg-collecting box (1 * 1 * 1 meter) is installed, is collected supernatant fertilized egg.Egg-collecting box bottom needs to settle gas stone, keeps little inflation, makes the fertilized egg of the collection state that in water body, is evenly distributed.Hairtail lays eggs and mostly occurs in night, especially after 8 o'clock.So,, check egg-collecting box aperiodically at night.When finding a large amount of fertilized egg, stop inflation and flowing water.The fertilized egg that will swim in the top layer with 100 mesh sieve tulles is pulled out, then, cleans repeatedly with a small amount of clear water, and using concentration is 2 * 10
6PVP-I disinfection after 10 minutes, can move into incubator box and hatch.
9, hatch fish roe: the hairtail fertilized egg hatching can adopt buoyancy incubating oosperm net cage method.Its hatching m comprises: fertilized egg is poured into (net cage is square, 60 centimetres of 60 cm x, 60 cm x in the hatching net cage of frame in cement pit; Mesh is 80～100 orders), built-in gas charging stone, slight inflation makes fertilized egg evenly, be distributed in the net cage lentamente.Cement pit can adopt 5 meters * 5 meters square nursery ponds (0.8～1.2 meter of the depth of water), keeps flowing water, and every day, rate of water exchange was 4～10 times.Water temperature should be controlled at 18～26 ℃, and dissolved oxygen is not less than 5mg/l.Hairtail fertilized egg was hatched through 2～3 day time under 22 ℃ of conditions.Before fry is about to hatch, after the clear water of bait is rich in adding, stop flowing water, with sinking to nursery pond middle part (being lower than about 30 centimetres of the waters surface) under the net cage, the fry that hatches can freely be swum out of, and gets into nursery pond.
10, grow seedlings: nursery pond can be selected 5 meters * 5 meters square cement pits for use, and the depth of water is 0.8～1.2 meter.Adopt the clear water seedling method, promptly before fry hatches, add the clear water that is rich in bait toward nursery pond, food density is 10～20/milliliter, and water transparence is 1.2～2.2 meters.Fry density be 500～3000 tails/square metre.At 2～10 days of the fry opening, throw something and feed 100～300 microns wheel animalcules and little cladocera; Rose at the 10th day, throw something and feed 300～500 microns cladocera and the artemia nauplii of strengthening through nutrition, water temperature is controlled at 18～28 ℃.
Claims (10)
1. method of impelling the Changjiang river hairtail natural spawning; May further comprise the steps: the selecting of a, reserve parent fish: select individual big; Plentiful and flawless hairtail is the foundation of parent population b, bionical attitude cultivating system in support: set up the parent fish rearing pond, circular water treating system is installed in the pond and is used to regulate water temperature, salinity and the automation control system in day illumination cycle; C, parent fish rearing and fortification: young shrimp of the Penaeus Vannmei of throwing something and feeding or juvenile prawn live body, summer and autumn are carried out fortification, the bait of throwing something and feeding and strengthening through nutrient powder to young shrimp of Penaeus Vannmei or juvenile prawn live body; The adjusting of d, the imitative natural season rhythmicity of breeding environment: mainly reconcile salinity, temperature and day illumination cycle, so that the bionical attitude environment of migration property hairtail to be provided; The selection of e, mature brood fish: the standard of ripe female hairtail is: belly is soft and little protuberance arranged, and gonopore is blush; Ripe male hairtail mainly shows light pressure belly, has a small amount of white seminal fluid to flow out; F, artificial induction's natural spawning:, impel the hairtail sexual gland to reach maturity naturally, and then induce its natural spawning through increasing water flow velocity, improve water temperature, prolonging the sunshine time; Or Ex ante the raun hormone is being accelerated the ripening; G, collect fertilized egg: collect supernatant fertilized egg, the egg-collecting box bottom needs to settle gas stone, keeps little inflation, makes the fertilized egg of the collection state that in water body, is evenly distributed; H, hatch fish roe: the hairtail fertilized egg hatching adopts buoyancy incubating oosperm net cage method; I, grow seedlings: before fry hatches, add the clear water that is rich in bait toward nursery pond.
2. a kind of method of impelling the Changjiang river hairtail natural spawning according to claim 1 is characterized in that the described reserve parent fish of step a is selected in the annual 4-11 month and carried out, and reserve parent fish is 1-3 age.
3. a kind of method of impelling the Changjiang river hairtail natural spawning according to claim 1; It is characterized in that the described parent fish rearing of step b pond is selected round pond for use or the square cement pit of fillet is arranged, area is 20～400 square metres; The depth of water is 1～2 meter, and breeding density is 2～16/M
2
4. a kind of method of impelling the Changjiang river hairtail natural spawning according to claim 1 is characterized in that, young shrimp of the described Penaeus Vannmei of step c or the juvenile prawn live body density of throwing something and feeding reaches 1～20/M
2
5. a kind of method of impelling the Changjiang river hairtail natural spawning according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Add the EM probio in the parent fish rearing pond in the steps d, control water body ammonia-nitrogen content is lower than 0.2mg/l, and described salinity is regulated: promptly keep fresh water environment in 4～June; Increase salinity gradually in 7～September, finally reach 5～10 ‰; In 10～December salinity is maintained 10～30 ‰; Reduce salinity gradually in 1～March, final salinity 0～5 ‰; Described water temperature is regulated: promptly in summer, temperature is controlled at 24～32 ℃; In the fall, temperature is controlled at 18～26 ℃; In the winter time, temperature is controlled at 10～16 ℃; In spring, temperature is controlled at 15～28 ℃; Described illumination is regulated: promptly in summer, with day illumination periodic Control 12～15 hours by day, in the fall; With day illumination periodic Control 10～13 hours by day, in the winter time, with day illumination periodic Control 9～11 hours by day; In spring, with day illumination periodic Control at 11～16 hours.
6. a kind of method of impelling the Changjiang river hairtail natural spawning according to claim 1; It is characterized in that, increase water flow velocity among the step f: water flow velocity is 0.1～0.4 meter per second, and improve water temperature: water temperature is since 16 ℃; Improve 0.2 ℃ every day; Until 28 ℃, increase the sunshine time: dried up 1～1.2 meter is provided with illuminating lamp above culturing the pond, in water surface illuminance greater than 600 luxs does; Since day every day illumination 11 hours, prolong 10 minutes every day, until day every day illumination 16 hours.
7. a kind of method of impelling the Changjiang river hairtail natural spawning according to claim 1; It is characterized in that step g when finding a large amount of fertilized egg, stops inflation and flowing water, the bolting silk net will swim in the fertilized egg on top layer and pull out; Then; Clean repeatedly with a small amount of clear water, after the PVP-I disinfection, can move into incubator box and hatch.
8. a kind of method of impelling the Changjiang river hairtail natural spawning according to claim 1 is characterized in that step h incubating oosperm net cage method is meant fertilized egg to be poured in the hatching net cage of frame in cement pit into built-in gas charging stone; Slight inflation; Fertilized egg is distributed in the net cage evenly, lentamente, and cement pit keeps flowing water, and every day, rate of water exchange was 4～10 times; Water temperature should be controlled at 18～26 ℃, and dissolved oxygen concentration is not less than 5mg/l.
9. a kind of method of impelling the Changjiang river hairtail natural spawning according to claim 1; It is characterized in that food density is 10～20/milliliter in the step I, the nursery pond water transparence is 1.2～2.2 meters; Fry density be 500～3000 tails/square metre, water temperature is controlled at 18～28 ℃.
10. a kind of method of impelling the Changjiang river hairtail natural spawning according to claim 9 is characterized in that said bait is is specifically thrown something and fed: at 2～10 days of the fry opening, and throw something and feed 100～300 microns wheel animalcules and little cladocera; Worked throw something and feed 300～500 microns cladocera and the artemia nauplii of strengthening through nutrition at the 10th day.
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| CN103960174B (en) * | 2013-01-29 | 2015-11-18 | 上海市水产研究所 | Coilia ectenes in Yangtze River young fish of two years, fingerlings of two years and Scatophagus argus (Linnaeus) pond polyculture method |
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