CN103960174B - Coilia ectenes in Yangtze River young fish of two years, fingerlings of two years and Scatophagus argus (Linnaeus) pond polyculture method - Google Patents

Abstract

The polyculture method of the second-year-old fish species of the Yangtze sword anchovy and the money fish pond is characterized in that ponds in the estuary area are selected, the influent salinity is 5-15‰ natural brackish water, the pond is inoculated with bait organisms, seedlings are released in winter or early spring, and the Yangtze River swordfish The stocking specification for second-year-old anchovy species is 10-12cm in total length, and the stocking density is 500-600 fish/mu; the money fish is stocked from the end of April to the beginning of May, the stocking density is 150-250 fish/mu, and the stocking size is 20-30g/tail; Change the water 1/3 per month from January to June, 1/3 every half a month from July to September, and 1/3 per month from October to December; if the biodensity of bait is lower than 1/L, it should be replenished in time Biological bait; during the breeding period, supplement artificial pellet feed as the feed for money fish, mysis and crustaceans, once a day, 1-2 catties/mu each time; pull nets to catch in early winter, when caught, the size of sword anchovy is 16- 20g/tail, money fish, specification 110-130g/tail.

Description

Polyculture method of the second-year-old species of swordfish and money fish in ponds

technical field

The invention relates to aquaculture, in particular to the pond ecological culture technology of the second-year-old fish species of the Yangtze river anchovy and money fish.

Background technique

Coiliaectenes , belonging to the order Herringiformes, Anchovyidae, and Anchovy, are commonly known as saury, hairy saury, hairy flower fish, bearded fish, and anchovy. It is mainly distributed in the Yellow Bohai Sea and the East China Sea in my country. It can be seen in all the rivers leading to the sea, such as the Liaohe River, the Haihe River, the Yellow River, the Yangtze River, and the Qiantang River. It is famous for its tender meat and delicious taste. rare migratory fish. In recent years, due to the influence of many factors such as overfishing and the deterioration of the ecological environment, the resources of anchovy have declined sharply, while the market demand has continued unabated, and even reached the dilemma of having a price but no market. The market price of standard anchovy is as high as 9,000 yuan/jin.

At present, most of the cultivation of sword anchovy in the Yangtze River adopts the mode of irrigation with seedlings and low-density extensive ponds, but this cultivation technology is not yet fully mature: for example, due to the low breeding density and the lack of a large amount of feed, the water quality of the sword anchovy pond is clear , the transparency is very high, so that there will be a large number of large filamentous algae in the pond of cuttlefish: most of the freshwater ponds are Spirogyra, and most of the seawater ponds are Enteromorpha; After being completely absorbed, the filamentous algae will die in large numbers after the peak period, causing water quality to deteriorate. In addition, due to the slender body of the sword anchovy, it is difficult for the sword anchovy species to get out of the filamentous algae group by mistake and cause death.

Money fish ( Scatophagusargus Linnaeus1766), commonly known as golden drum fish, belongs to the family Perciformes, Perciformes, and the genus Scatophagus. It has a beautiful body, colorful colors, gentle temperament, and delicious meat. Seawater economic fish. The money fish has strong environmental adaptability and disease resistance. It can not only grow and develop in seawater and brackish water, but also suitable for freshwater culture. At present, the price of specifications above 200g is 35 yuan/catties, and the price of those above 800g is also stable at more than 45 yuan/catties. Money fish is an omnivorous fish, known as the "cleaner". It can eat Spirogyra in fresh water or Enteromorpha in sea water, and the food intake is very large. At the same time, the fish is docile and will not attack other fish .

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of second-year-old fish fingerling of the Yangtze river anchovy and a money fish pond ecological breeding technology.

The technical scheme of the present invention is made up of pond preparation, sending out pond and inoculation bait organism, fish fingerlings in a suitable place to breed, mysis shrimp inoculation, money fish in a suitable place to breed, daily management and capture production steps, and it is characterized in that the bottom of the pond is selected to be flat, and the depth of the pond is 2m, For ponds in the estuary area with a water level of 1.5m and an area of 3-5 mu, each pond is equipped with a 1.5kw aerator, the water inlet is covered with a double-layer 60-mesh sieve tulle bag for filtration, and the outlet is used with a 30-mesh gate. Use a 20-mesh curved seine net on the surface of the pool to prevent the fry from escaping. Spray and disinfect the pond with 300-400 kg/mu quickliming water. After the pond is disinfected for 2 days, soak in water until the bottom of the pool is submerged, and drain thoroughly after soaking for 48 hours. Exposure to the sun for use; according to the time of stocking fish species, water should be taken in 15-20 days in advance, and the water should be natural brackish water with a local salinity of 5-15‰. Until the water level reaches 1-1.5m, after 15-20 days, the water color will become thicker. At this time, a small amount of rotifers, small cladocerans and copepods will appear in the water body, or through ponds with richer bait organisms. Fishing for inoculation; due to the irritable temperament of the anchovy species, the operation of dragging the net can easily cause mechanical damage. In winter or early spring, the water temperature is relatively low, and the water temperature is in the range of 6-8°C, and the activity of the species is relatively weak. Time is the best time to release seedlings. Choose sunny weather to release seedlings in the upwind of the pond. Before the fish species enter the pond, turn on the aerator in advance to make the water in the pond not stratified and the bait organisms distributed evenly. Use 20L buckets to transport fish Each bucket contains 30-50 fish species. When stocking, first pour a small amount of bucket into the pond water several times and slowly pour it into the pool for 1-2 minutes, so that the water temperature and salinity in the bucket are similar to those in the pool, and then stocking ;The stocking size is 10-12cm in total length, and the stocking density is generally 500-600 fish/mu; in March-April, when the water temperature rises, the predation ability of swordfish species increases, and the food intake also increases significantly. The bait in the pond The biomass is also gradually reduced due to the feeding of fish species. At this time, it is necessary to inoculate mysis. Mysis and its larvae are good bait for large-scale fish species of swordfish. The inoculation method is: use a 30-40 mesh mesh bag outside the mysis resource When fishing mysis from the source pond, the number of mysis in the mesh bag should not be too large each time, so as to avoid the death of mysis due to lack of oxygen. A small amount of multiple fishing and inoculation are used. When inoculating, the aeration machine is turned on in the fry breeding pond in advance to improve The dissolved oxygen content in the water body in the pond ensures the survival of the inoculated mysis; the money fish is generally stocked at the end of April to the beginning of May, the water temperature is above 18°C, the stocking density is 150-250 fish/mu, and the stocking size is 20-30g/tail. Before the money fish is stocked, turn on the aerator to increase the dissolved oxygen in the water; after the seedlings are released, the aerator will be turned on for 1 hour at noon on sunny days from January to March, and 3-4 hours at night, and 1 hour at noon on sunny days from April to June, and 4 hours at night. -6h, 8-10h at night from July to September, 1h at noon on sunny days from October to December, 4-6h at night, and increase the start-up time in bad weather; 1/3 of the water is changed every other month from January to June, Every half a month from July to September Change the water by 1/3, and change the water by 1/3 every other month from October to December; check the biological density of the pond bait once every 7-10 days, if the biological density of the bait is found to be lower than 1/L, it must be removed from the outside. Fish the biological bait in the source pond and replenish it in time; during the breeding period, add a small amount of artificial pellet feed as the feed for money fish, mysis and other crustaceans, once a day, 1-2 catties/mu each time; Irritable, nets are generally harvested in early winter, and the water temperature is within the range of 9-12°C; when caught, the size of the silver anchovy is 16-20g/tail, and the survival rate is 80-90%; The rate is 90-95%.

The outstanding features of the present invention compared with the existing extensive culture mode of sword anchovy pond are: 1) the outbreak of filamentous algae in the pond is alleviated, and the water quality of the pond is improved; 2) the water quality of the pond is reduced; 3) Make full use of the pond space, tap the production potential of the pond, improve the utilization coefficient of the pond water body, expand the water body production capacity, increase the output of the pond without increasing the input, and improve the production capacity of the pond. economic benefits. The invention is easy to operate and easy to be accepted and popularized by people.

Detailed ways

Production technique of the present invention comprises the steps:

Pond preparation: Choose an earthen pond in the estuary area with a flat bottom. The pond is preferably 2m deep, 1.5m water level, and 3-5 mu in area. Each pond is equipped with a 1.5kw aerator, and the water inlet is covered with a double-layer 60-mesh screen. Filtrate with a tulle bag, use a 30-mesh gate at the outlet, and use a 20-mesh curved fence near the pool to prevent the fry from escaping. Spray and disinfect the pond with 300-400 catties/mu quickliming water. After the pond is sterilized for 2 days, carry out Soak in water until the bottom of the pool is submerged, drain thoroughly after soaking for 48 hours and expose to the sun for later use;

Pond and inoculation of bait organisms: According to the time of stocking fish species, enter the water 15-20 days in advance. The water intake is natural brackish water with a local salinity of 5-15‰, and the advanced water is 50cm, and then according to the water color and bait biomass, etc. Gradually add water until the water level reaches 1-1.5m. After 15-20 days, the color of the water will become thicker. At this time, a small amount of rotifers, small cladocerans and copepods will appear in the water. Other bait organisms are abundant in ponds for inoculation;

Stocking fish species: Due to the irritable temperament of the swordfish species, the operation of pulling nets is very easy to cause mechanical damage. In winter or early spring, the water temperature is relatively low, and the water temperature is in the range of 6-8°C. It is the best time to release seedlings. Choose sunny weather to release seedlings in the upwind of the pond. Before the fish species enter the pond, turn on the aerator in advance to make the water not stratified and the bait organisms distributed evenly. Use 20L buckets to transport the fish species , Each bucket contains 30-50 fish species. When stocking, first pour the bucket into the pool water (a small amount and many times) slowly, and keep it stable for 1-2 minutes, so that the water temperature and salinity in the bucket are similar to those in the pool, and then Stocking; the size of stocking is 10-12cm in length, and the stocking density is generally 500-600 tails/mu;

Mysis inoculation: Generally, in March-April, when the water temperature rises, the predation ability of knife anchovy species increases, and the food intake also increases significantly. The bait biomass in the pond gradually decreases due to the fish species’ feeding. At this time, it is necessary to inoculate mysis. Mysis and its larvae are good bait for large-scale fish species of swordfish. The inoculation method is: use a 30-40 mesh mesh bag to catch mysis in the exogenous pond of mysis resources. The quantity should not be too large, so as to avoid the death of mysis due to lack of oxygen. A small amount of multiple fishing and inoculation should be adopted. When inoculating, the aeration machine should be turned on in advance in the fish fry breeding pond to increase the dissolved oxygen content in the water body in the pond and ensure the survival of inoculated mysis.

Stocking of money fish: generally choose from the end of April to the beginning of May, the water temperature is above 18°C, the stocking density is 150-250 fish/mu, and the stocking size is 20-30g/tail. oxygen.

Daily management: After seedling release, the aerator will be turned on for 1 hour at noon on sunny days from January to March, and 3-4 hours at night on sunny days, 1 hour at noon on sunny days from April to June, 4-6 hours at night, and 8-10 hours at night in July-September In October-December, turn on the machine for 1 hour at noon and 4-6 hours in the evening, and increase the time for bad weather; change the water by 1/3 every month from January to June, and change the water by 1 every half month from July to September /3, 1/3 of the water is changed every other month from October to December; the biodensity of the pond bait is tested once every 7-10 days. Fish in the biological bait and replenish it in time; during the breeding period, add a small amount of artificial pellet feed as the feed for money fish, mysis and other crustaceans, once a day, 1-2 catties/mu each time.

Catch: Due to the irritable temperament of the sword anchovy fish species, the net catch is generally in early winter, and the water temperature is within the range of 9-12°C; when caught, the sword anchovy species is 16-20g/tail, and the survival rate is 80-90%; money fish, The specification is 110-130g/tail, and the survival rate is 90-95%.

Claims (1)

1. Coilia ectenes in Yangtze River young fish of two years, fingerlings of two years and Scatophagus argus (Linnaeus) pond polyculture method, the present invention is prepared by pond, send out the pool and inoculation food organisms, fingerling stocking, oppossum shrimp inoculates, Scatophagus argus (Linnaeus) is put in a suitable place to breed, daily management and catch production stage composition, it is characterized in that at the bottom of selection pond smooth, Chi Shen is 2m, water level is 1.5m, area is the pond, Hekou Area of 3-5 mu, each pond is equipped with the aerator of a 1.5kw, the double-deck 60 mesh sieve tulle bag filtrations of water inlet muzzle, discharge outlet 30 order lock nets, face, nearly pond 20 order arc purse seines prevent fry escape, with 300-400 pound/acre of quicklime water, splashed sterilization in pond, until pond disinfection after 2 days, intake to flooding at the bottom of pond and soak, soak thoroughly to drain after 48 hours tan by the sun stand-by, according to putting the fingerling time in a suitable place to breed, water inlet in 15-20 days in advance, water inlet adopts local salinity to be the natural brackish water of 5-15 ‰, first to intake 50cm, then according to water colour situation with diet biomass progressively adds water until water level reaches 1-1.5m, after 15-20 days, water colour thickens, and at this moment just there will be a small amount of wheel animalcule, small-sized cladocera and copepoda food organisms in water body, or inoculates by fishing in the more rich pond of other food organisms, because cutter tapertail anchovy kind is had a fiery temperament, draw in the net transport operation and very easily cause mechanical damage, in the winter time or the early spring water temperature relatively low, water temperature is within the scope of 6-8 DEG C, fingerling mobility is relatively weak, it is now the Best Times putting seedling operation, fair weather is selected to put seedling at the weather in pond, under fingerling before the pool, open aerator to be in advance evenly distributed to make the not stratified and food organisms of Chi Shui, adopt the bucket transport fingerling of 20L, every barrel contains 30-50 tail fingerling, when putting in a suitable place to breed, first bucket is toppled over and repeatedly slowly pour into Chi Shui on a small quantity, stablize 1-2 minute, make the water temperature in bucket, close in salinity and pond, then put in a suitable place to breed, the specification of putting in a suitable place to breed is total length 10-12cm, and breeding density is generally 500-600 tail/mu, in 3-4 month, water temperature rises, the prey ability of cutter tapertail anchovy kind strengthens, food ration is showed increased also, diet biomass in pond is ingested because of fingerling and is also reduced gradually, at this moment need to inoculate oppossum shrimp, oppossum shrimp and the young thereof are the good bait of cutter long-tailed anchovy large size fingerling, inoculation method is: in the external source pond of oppossum shrimp resource, fish for oppossum shrimp with 30-40 object mesh bag, when fishing for, in mesh bag, the quantity of oppossum shrimp can not be too many at every turn, in order to avoid oppossum shrimp hypoxia death, adopt and repeatedly fish for and inoculate on a small quantity, during inoculation, aerator is opened in advance in rearing pond, dissolved oxygen content in water body in raising pond, guarantee the survival of inoculation oppossum shrimp, Scatophagus argus (Linnaeus) is put in a suitable place to breed and is typically chosen in by the end of April at the beginning of-5 months, water temperature more than 18 DEG C, and breeding density is 150-250 tail/mu, and stocking size is 20-30g/ tail, before Scatophagus argus (Linnaeus) is put in a suitable place to breed, opens aerator and improves dissolved oxygen in water body, after putting seedling, during 1-3 month, aerator fine day to be started shooting 1h noon, and start shooting evening 3-4h, 4-6 month fine day to be started shooting 1h noon, and start shooting evening 4-6h, 7-9 to start shooting 8-10h evening in month, 10-12 month fine day to be started shooting 1h noon, and start shooting evening 4-6h, and bad weather then increases the available machine time, changed every 1 month in 1-6 month and water 1/3,7-9 month change water 1/3,10-12 month every two weeks and changed water 1/3 every 1 month, every 7-10 days detection pond food organisms density 1 time, if find, food organisms density is lower than 1/L, will drag for and supplement in time into biological feed from external source pond, during cultivation, supplement a small amount of artificial grain's feed as Scatophagus argus (Linnaeus), oppossum shrimp and other crustacean feeds, every day 1 time, each 1-2 pound/acre, because cutter tapertail anchovy kind is had a fiery temperament, draw in the net results generally in early winter, water temperature is within the scope of 9-12 DEG C, when catching, cutter long-tailed anchovy specification is at 16-20g/ tail, Scatophagus argus (Linnaeus) specification 110-130g/ tail.