CN108834947B - Polyculture method of saury, river crab and freshwater shrimp - Google Patents

Polyculture method of saury, river crab and freshwater shrimp Download PDF

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CN108834947B
CN108834947B CN201810574639.9A CN201810574639A CN108834947B CN 108834947 B CN108834947 B CN 108834947B CN 201810574639 A CN201810574639 A CN 201810574639A CN 108834947 B CN108834947 B CN 108834947B
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pond
water
hairtail
saury
crab
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CN108834947A (en
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王建军
陆根海
施永海
刘建忠
张根玉
朱建明
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Shanghai Fisheries Research Institute Shanghai Fisheries Technical Extension Station
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01KANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/10Culture of aquatic animals of fish
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01KANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/50Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
    • A01K61/59Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of aquatic product culture, in particular to a method for polyculture of hairtail, river crab and freshwater shrimp, which comprises the steps of selecting and preparing a pond; an anti-escape facility; breeding seedlings of different varieties; a daily management method, a method for catching different varieties and the like. The invention has the outstanding characteristics that a single culture mode different from the conventional saury, river crab and freshwater shrimp is created, the culture water body is fully utilized, the saury, river crab and freshwater shrimp are cultured in the middle upper layer and the bottom layer of the water body according to different life habits in the same pond, and the spat of the saury, river crab and freshwater shrimp are put into the pond at different time to carry out mixed culture of the three varieties, thereby improving the utilization rate of the culture water body of the pond and digging the production capacity of the pond; the invention discloses a novel mixed culture mode and develops a novel culture technology.

Description

一种刀鱼和河蟹、青虾的混养方法A kind of polyculture method of saury, river crab and green shrimp

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及水产品养殖领域,具体地说,是一种刀鱼和河蟹、青虾的混养方法。The invention relates to the field of aquatic product culture, in particular to a method for polyculture of saury, river crab and green shrimp.

背景技术Background technique

刀鱼,学名(Coilia ectenes Jordan),又名长江刀鲚、毛鲚,是一种中上层小型洄游性鱼类。刀鱼体形狭长侧薄,颇似尖刀,银白色,食性以桡足类、枝角类、及小鱼小虾为食;刀鱼肉质细嫩,肉味鲜美,肥而不腻。刀鱼和鲥鱼、河鲀、鮰鱼被誉为“长江四鲜”。The saury, scientific name (Coilia ectenes Jordan), also known as the Yangtze saury, the saury, is a small migratory fish in the middle and upper layers. The saury is narrow and long with thin sides, similar to a sharp knife, silver-white, and feeds on copepods, cladocerans, and small fish and shrimp; saury meat is tender, delicious, and fat but not greasy. Swordfish, shad, pufferfish and channel catfish are known as the "Four Fresh Foods of the Yangtze River".

河蟹,学名中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis),属节肢动物门甲壳纲十足目,弓蟹科,绒螯蟹属。又名螃蟹、毛蟹,栖息于江河池塘的洞穴里,隐匿于石砾水草中,是杂食性动物。河蟹肉味鲜美,营养丰富,具有很高的经济价值。是大众喜爱的名贵水产品之一。River crab, scientific name Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis), belongs to the arthropod door Crustacea decapod, Toxidae, mitten crab. Also known as crabs and hairy crabs, they live in caves in rivers and ponds and hide in gravel water plants. They are omnivores. Crab meat is delicious, nutritious, and has high economic value. It is one of the popular precious aquatic products.

青虾,学名日本沼虾(Macrobrachium nipponense),属肢动物门甲壳纲十足目,长臂虾科,沼虾属,又名河虾。属杂食性动物;营底栖生活,青虾具有繁殖力高,适应性强,食性广的特点。青虾肉味鲜美,可以常年上市,所以深受业界欢迎。Green shrimp, scientific name Macrobrachium nipponense (Macrobrachium nipponense), belongs to the phylum Crustacea Decapoda, Long-arm shrimp family, Macrobrachium genus, also known as river shrimp. Is an omnivorous animal; camp benthic life, green shrimp has the characteristics of high fecundity, strong adaptability and wide eating habits. The green shrimp is delicious and can be listed all year round, so it is very popular in the industry.

近几年来,由于长江口水质污染和过度捕捞,长江口刀鱼的资源量和捕捞量日益减少,刀鱼的市场价格也居高不下,产量也是越来越低,一年不如一年;刀鱼过去是春季尝鲜的时令家常菜,如今却成为了高档饭店的顶级宴客菜。目前刀鱼虽然在人工繁殖技术上获得成功,人工养殖也有一定的饲养面积,但在刀鱼的人工养殖过程中饵料供应这一环节一直没有有效的解决方法,受到饵料品种和饵料适口性的制约,普遍存在着二龄刀鱼养殖存活率低(30%-50%)的问题,也缺乏更多样更合适的养殖模式;此外在水产养殖中,如果一个池塘单养一个品种,水体就不能得到充分利用,也浪费了池塘的有效养殖面积。In recent years, due to water pollution and overfishing in the Yangtze Estuary, the resources and catches of saury in the estuary of the Yangtze River have been decreasing. The seasonal home-cooked dishes that were tasted early in the spring have now become the top banquet dishes in high-end restaurants. At present, although saury has achieved success in artificial breeding technology, and artificial breeding also has a certain breeding area, there has been no effective solution to the supply of bait in the artificial breeding process of saury, which is restricted by the variety of bait and the palatability of the bait. There is a problem of low survival rate (30%-50%) of second-year-old saury breeding, and there is a lack of more diverse and more suitable breeding models; in addition, in aquaculture, if a single species is cultivated in a pond, the water body cannot be fully utilized. , also wasting the effective breeding area of the pond.

但是关于一种刀鱼和河蟹、青虾的混养方法目前还未见报道。However, there is no report on a polyculture method of saury, river crab and green shrimp.

发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

根据河蟹、刀鱼、和青虾不同的生活习性我们知道,河蟹生活在水体的底层,刀鱼生活在水体的中上层,青虾营底栖生活,如果它们在同一个水体进行养殖,在生活空间上不会形成冲突,池塘的有效水体也可以得到充分利用。另外,青虾具有繁殖力高的特点,它产下的幼虾又正好是刀鱼的适口饲料,可以提高二龄刀鱼的养殖成活率。According to the different living habits of river crabs, saury, and green shrimp, we know that river crabs live in the bottom of the water body, swordfish live in the middle and upper layers of the water body, and green shrimp live in benthic life. If they are cultured in the same water body, in terms of living space There is no conflict and the effective water body of the pond can be fully utilized. In addition, green shrimp has the characteristics of high fertility, and the juvenile shrimp it produces is just a suitable feed for saury, which can improve the survival rate of second-year saury.

本发明的目的在于提供一种刀鱼和河蟹、青虾的混养方法,包括池塘的选择和准备;防逃设施;不同品种的苗种放养;日常管理方法、不同品种的捕捞方法等步骤。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for polyculture of saury, river crab, and green shrimp, including the selection and preparation of ponds; escape-prevention facilities; stocking of different species of fry;

本发明的技术方案是选择常规的土质池塘,使用生石灰或漂白粉对池塘进行消毒、用生石灰75-100kg/亩、或漂白粉20-30ppm化水后全塘泼洒;消毒的时间在苗种放养前20天~1个月时进行;根据苗种下塘的时间提前15-20天进水,进水时用60目筛网袋过滤;然后用发酵的有机肥进行施肥和追肥,基肥的施用量为75-100kg/亩;并设置防逃设施和配备增氧设备。然后在2月、5月和6月根据养殖品种不同的放养时间分别放入河蟹、青虾和刀鱼的苗种;每年的2月中下旬、3月初放养蟹种,蟹种规格40-60只/斤,放养密度500-1000只/亩;虾种于4、5月放养,放养密度3-5斤/亩;刀鱼鱼种于5、6月放养,放养规格6-9克/尾,放养密度100-200尾/亩。然后利用它们不同的生活习性在同一池塘内进行混养。The technical scheme of the present invention is to select a conventional soil pond, use quicklime or bleaching powder to disinfect the pond, use quicklime 75-100kg/mu, or 20-30ppm bleaching powder to dissolve the water and sprinkle the whole pond; the disinfection time is 20 minutes before the seedlings are stocked 15-20 days in advance according to the time when the seedlings are planted in the pond, and filter the water with a 60-mesh mesh bag; then use fermented organic fertilizer for fertilization and topdressing, and the application amount of the base fertilizer is 75-100kg/mu; and set up anti-escape facilities and equipped with oxygen-enhancing equipment. Then in February, May and June, according to the different stocking time of the cultured species, the seedlings of river crab, green shrimp and saury are respectively put in; every year in the middle and late February and the beginning of March, the crabs are stocked, and the size of the crabs is 40-60. /catties, stocking density 500-1000/mu; shrimp species are stocked in April and May, stocking density 3-5 catties/mu; saury fingerlings are stocked in May and June, stocking size 6-9 grams/tail, stocking The density is 100-200 tails/mu. Then use their different living habits to carry out polyculture in the same pond.

具体包括以下步骤:Specifically include the following steps:

(A)池塘选择和准备:选择面积为5-10亩的池塘,塘底平坦,具有完整的进排水设施,东西向长方形;使用的池塘在前一年年底干塘后用水泵抽干塘底积水,使整个塘底保持干燥,并清除塘底淤泥,让其曝晒,当年对使用的池塘进行消毒处理,用生石灰75-100kg/亩;或漂白粉20-30ppm化水后全塘泼洒,消毒的时间在苗种放养前20天-1个月时进行;根据苗种下塘的时间提前15-20天进水,进水时进水口用60目筛网袋过滤,进水50cm,然后将经过发酵的有机肥按75-100kg/亩的施用量施入基肥,之后根据苗种下塘的时间和水色情况再进行追肥和添加新水直至水位添加至1-1.5米;(A) Pond selection and preparation: Choose a pond with an area of 5-10 mu, with a flat bottom, complete water intake and drainage facilities, and a rectangle in the east-west direction; the pond to be used should be drained with a pump after the pond is dry at the end of the previous year. Accumulate water, keep the whole pond bottom dry, remove the silt at the bottom of the pond, let it be exposed to the sun, disinfect the pond used in that year, use quicklime 75-100kg/mu; or bleach powder 20-30ppm after water is splashed on the whole pond for disinfection The time is 20 days to 1 month before the seedlings are stocked; according to the time when the seedlings are put into the pond, the water is introduced 15-20 days in advance. The fermented organic fertilizer is applied to the base fertilizer according to the application rate of 75-100kg/mu, and then top-dressing and new water are added according to the time and water color of the seedlings in the pond until the water level is added to 1-1.5 meters;

(B)防逃设施:将每个池塘用铝片或玻璃等进行围拦,排水口用30目闸网和近池面用圆弧围网加以围拦,以防止苗种外逃;排水口近池面圆弧围网上口另外加缝一圈塑料薄膜,专门用以防止河蟹在这里外逃;铝片或玻璃防逃栏的高度为50cm,近池面圆弧网上加缝的塑料薄膜高度为50cm;(B) Anti-escape facilities: fence each pond with aluminum sheets or glass, etc., and fence the drain with a 30-mesh gate net and a circular arc fence near the pool surface to prevent the seedlings from escaping; A plastic film is stitched at the top of the arc fence on the pool surface to prevent crabs from escaping here; the height of the aluminum sheet or glass escape fence is 50cm, and the height of the plastic film stitched on the arc net near the pool surface is 50cm. ;

(C)苗种放养:于每年的2月中下旬、3月初放养蟹种,蟹种规格40-60只/斤,放养密度500-1000只/亩,蟹种的放养在白天进行;先将买来的装在网袋里的蟹种放入池塘内浸没,通过呼吸吸入塘里新水,1-2分钟后拎起,再浸没,这样重复1-2次,使其适应新的水体和塘里水温,然后移入水族箱内用5ppm的高锰酸钾溶液充气浸浴10-20分钟,以杀死蟹种体表的寄生虫,浸浴以后在塘边将网袋口解开,轻轻倒出蟹种让其自行爬入池塘;虾种于4、5月放养,使用地笼捕捉,收集称重后放入每个池塘,放养密度3-5斤/亩;刀鱼鱼种于5、6月放养,放养规格6-9克/尾,放养密度100-200尾/亩,放养选择在晴好天气进行,先将刀鱼鱼种用皮条网拉到塘边围拢,然后用脸盆将鱼种带水舀入水桶,根据桶的大小每个水桶一般放10-30尾,运到准备好的池塘边缓缓倒入,全程带水操作;(C) Stocking of seedlings: stocking crabs in mid-to-late February and early March every year, with a size of 40-60 crabs/kg and a stocking density of 500-1000/mu. The stocking of crabs is carried out during the day; The purchased crab seeds in the net bag are immersed in the pond, and the new water in the pond is inhaled by breathing, picked up after 1-2 minutes, and then immersed. Repeat this 1-2 times to adapt to the new water body and The water temperature in the pond is then moved into the aquarium and soaked with 5ppm potassium permanganate solution for 10-20 minutes to kill the parasites on the surface of the crab species. Lightly pour out the crab seeds and let them climb into the pond by themselves; the shrimp seeds are stocked in April and May, caught in ground cages, collected and weighed, put into each pond, and the stocking density is 3-5 kg/mu; , Stocking in June, the stocking specification is 6-9 grams/tail, and the stocking density is 100-200 tails/mu. The stocking option is carried out in fine weather. First, the saury fingerlings are pulled to the edge of the pond with a leather net, and then the fish is placed in a washbasin. The seeds are scooped into buckets with water. According to the size of the bucket, generally 10-30 tails are placed in each bucket, and they are transported to the prepared pond and poured slowly, and the whole process is carried out with water;

(D)日常管理:每日巡塘检查饵料台,观察塘内刀鱼、河蟹和青虾的活动摄食情况,及时调整投饵量,饵料投喂的特点是单投蟹料即可,每月一次使用生石灰改良水质,生石灰化水后全塘泼洒,用量为5千克/亩;定期检测池塘的水质指标,掌握池塘的水质状况,并根据水质指标及时采取加注新水或换水等生产措施;每个池塘配置功率为2.2KW的底充氧增氧器一台,晴好天气时中午开机2小时,晚上开机6小时;天气情况恶劣时增加开机时间;(D) Daily management: inspect the bait table every day in the pond, observe the active feeding situation of saury, river crab and green shrimp in the pond, and adjust the feeding amount in time. Quicklime is used to improve the water quality. After quickliming water, sprinkle the whole pond with a dosage of 5 kg/mu; regularly check the water quality indicators of the ponds, master the water quality of the ponds, and take production measures such as adding new water or changing water in time according to the water quality indicators; Each pond is equipped with a bottom oxygenation aerator with a power of 2.2KW, which can be turned on for 2 hours at noon when the weather is fine and 6 hours at night; when the weather is bad, the start-up time is increased;

(E)捕捞方法:每年9月底到11月之间捕捉河蟹,使用池塘打循环水的方法,使河蟹爬上塘埂加以捕捉,或在晚上使用灯光诱捕河蟹;河蟹捕捉结束以后,在10月底、11月份水温降低、拉网对刀鱼损伤最小的时候起捕刀鱼,在塘里水位高的时候或稍微排掉一部分水以后,方便操作的前提下使用皮条网拉网拉刀鱼,将皮条网拉到塘边围拢,然后用脸盆将刀鱼带水舀入水桶,根据桶的大小每个水桶内一般放10-20尾,运到准备好的池塘边缓缓倒入,全程带水操作;在用皮条网拉刀鱼的同时也已将部分青虾一起捕获;捕捞的最后一步是将塘内水排干后,使用捞海、抄网等网具将塘内剩余的青虾、刀鱼捕出。(E) Fishing method: catch river crabs between the end of September and November every year, use the method of circulating water in the pond, make the river crabs climb the pond ridge to catch them, or use lights to trap river crabs at night; after the river crabs are caught, at the end of October, In November, when the water temperature drops and the damage to the saury by pulling the net is minimal, the saury is caught. When the water level in the pond is high or after a part of the water has been drained a little, the saury is pulled by using the leather net under the premise of convenient operation, and the leather net is pulled. Surrounded by the pond, then use the washbasin to scoop the saury with water into the bucket. According to the size of the bucket, generally put 10-20 fish in each bucket, transport it to the prepared pond and pour it slowly, and operate with water throughout the process; While pulling the saury with the pimp net, some green prawns have also been caught together; the last step of fishing is to drain the water in the pond, and then use nets such as fishing nets and fishing nets to catch the remaining green prawns and saury in the pond.

本发明优点在于:The advantages of the present invention are:

1、本发明创造了一种区别于常规的刀鱼和河蟹、青虾的单养模式,充分利用了养殖水体,是在同一个池塘里根据它们不同的生活习性在水体的中上层、底层进行养殖,在不同的时间放入刀鱼、河蟹和青虾的苗种进行这三个品种的混养,提高了池塘养殖水体的利用率、挖掘了池塘的生产能力;1. The present invention has created a monoculture mode that is different from conventional saury, river crab, and green shrimp, making full use of the culture water body, and culturing in the middle and upper layers and the bottom layer of the water body according to their different living habits in the same pond. , put in the seedlings of saury, river crab and green shrimp at different times to carry out the polyculture of these three species, which improves the utilization rate of the pond culture water body and excavates the production capacity of the pond;

2、另外,一个池塘里养殖品种多了,收入来源也多了,这样也提高了池塘的整体效益;2. In addition, there are more species cultivated in a pond, and there are more sources of income, which also improves the overall efficiency of the pond;

3、此外,由于混养了青虾,青虾又具有繁殖力高的特点,在青虾养大后产生效益的同时,青虾繁殖出来幼虾又是刀鱼的适口饵料,这样既解决了刀鱼的饵料供应、提高了二龄刀鱼的养殖成活率(养殖成活率由30%~50%提高至60%%~80%)。还可以收获刀鱼的自繁苗;3. In addition, due to the polyculture of green prawns, green prawns have the characteristics of high fertility. When the green prawns are raised to produce benefits, the juveniles produced by the green prawns are also suitable bait for saury, which not only solves the problem of saury. The bait supply improves the survival rate of the second-year-old saury (the survival rate of culture is increased from 30% to 50% to 60% to 80%). Self-propagating seedlings of saury can also be harvested;

4、本发明摸索出了一种新的混养模式,开拓了一种新的养殖技术。4. The present invention explores a new polyculture mode and develops a new breeding technology.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面结合实施例对本发明提供的具体实施方式作详细说明。The specific embodiments provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the examples.

实施例1Example 1

生产技术步骤包括:Production technology steps include:

1.池塘选择和准备:选择面积为5-10亩的池塘,塘底平坦,具有完整的进排水设施,东西向长方形。使用的池塘在前一年年底干塘后用水泵抽干塘底积水,使整个塘底保持干燥,并清除塘底淤泥,让其曝晒,当年对使用的池塘进行消毒处理,用生石灰75-100kg/亩;或漂白粉20-30ppm化水后全塘泼洒,消毒的时间在苗种放养前20天-1个月时进行;根据苗种下塘的时间提前15-20天进水,进水时进水口用60目筛网袋过滤,防止野杂鱼和敌害生物进入池塘,进水50cm,然后将经过发酵的有机肥(如牛粪、猪粪等)按75-100kg/亩的施用量施入基肥,之后根据苗种下塘的时间和水色情况再进行追肥和添加新水直至水位添加至1-1.5米。1. Pond selection and preparation: Choose a pond with an area of 5-10 mu, with a flat bottom, complete inflow and drainage facilities, and an east-west rectangle. After the ponds used were dried up at the end of the previous year, the water at the bottom of the ponds was pumped to dry the entire bottom of the ponds, and the silt at the bottom of the ponds was removed and exposed to the sun. 100kg/mu; or 20-30ppm of bleaching powder is sprayed on the whole pond after the water is dissolved, and the disinfection time is carried out 20 days to 1 month before the seedlings are put into the pond; When the water inlet is filtered with a 60 mesh screen bag to prevent wild fish and harmful organisms from entering the pond, the water is 50cm, and then the fermented organic fertilizer (such as cow dung, pig dung, etc.) is applied at a rate of 75-100kg/mu. Apply the base fertilizer according to the amount of seedlings, and then carry out top dressing and add new water according to the time and water color of the seedlings in the pond until the water level is added to 1-1.5 meters.

2.防逃设施:将每个池塘用铝片或玻璃等进行围拦,排水口用30目闸网和近池面用圆弧围网加以围拦,以防止苗种外逃。排水口近池面圆弧围网上口另外加缝一圈塑料薄膜,专门用以防止河蟹在这里外逃;铝片或玻璃防逃栏的高度为50cm,近池面圆弧网上加缝的塑料薄膜高度为50cm。2. Anti-escape facilities: fence each pond with aluminum sheets or glass, etc., and fence the drain with a 30-mesh gate net and a circular arc fence near the pool surface to prevent the seedlings from escaping. A circle of plastic film is sewn on the circular arc fence near the water outlet to prevent crabs from escaping here. Height is 50cm.

3.苗种放养:三个不同的品种有不同的放养时间,蟹种一般年后就可以放养,于每年的2月中下旬、3月初放养蟹种,蟹种规格40-60只/斤,放养密度500-1000只/亩,蟹种的放养在白天进行。先将买来的装在网袋里的蟹种放入池塘内浸没,通过呼吸吸入塘里新水,1-2分钟后拎起,再浸没,这样重复1-2次,使其适应新的水体和塘里水温,然后移入水族箱内用5ppm的高锰酸钾溶液充气浸浴10-20分钟,以杀死蟹种体表的寄生虫,浸浴以后在塘边将网袋口解开,轻轻倒出蟹种让其自行爬入池塘。虾种于4、5月放养,使用地笼捕捉,收集称重后放入每个池塘,放养密度3-5斤/亩;虾种的放养比刀鱼鱼种的放养早一个月,之所以要提前一个月放养,因为4-8月份是青虾的繁殖季节,而6-7月份又正是青虾的繁殖盛季,这个时候放养虾种繁殖出来的幼虾正好刀鱼鱼种下塘以后最适口的饵料。刀鱼鱼种于5、6月放养,放养规格6-9克/尾,放养密度100-200尾/亩,放养选择在晴好天气进行,先将刀鱼鱼种用皮条网拉到塘边围拢,然后用脸盆将鱼种带水舀入水桶,根据桶的大小每个水桶一般放10-30尾,运到准备好的池塘边缓缓倒入,全程带水操作。操作时要认真仔细,注意不能擦伤刀鱼鳞片,以免引起刀鱼体表受伤感染。3. Stocking of seedlings: Three different species have different stocking times. Generally, crabs can be stocked after a year. Crabs are stocked in mid-to-late February and early March every year. The specifications of crabs are 40-60 pieces/catties. The stocking density is 500-1000/mu, and the stocking of crab species is carried out during the day. First, put the purchased crabs in the net bag into the pond and immerse them, inhale the new water in the pond by breathing, pick them up after 1-2 minutes, and then immerse them again. Repeat this 1-2 times to make them adapt to the new water. The water body and the water temperature in the pond are then moved into the aquarium and soaked with 5ppm potassium permanganate solution for 10-20 minutes to kill the parasites on the surface of the crab species. , gently pour out the crab seedlings and let them climb into the pond by themselves. Shrimp seeds are stocked in April and May, and are captured in ground cages. After collection and weighing, they are put into each pond, and the stocking density is 3-5 catties/mu. The stocking of shrimp species is one month earlier than that of saury. Stocking one month in advance, because April-August is the breeding season of green shrimp, and June-July is the peak breeding season of green shrimp. At this time, the juvenile shrimp bred from the stocked shrimp species is the best time after the saury fish species are placed in the pond. palatable bait. The saury fingerlings are stocked in May and June. The stocking specification is 6-9 grams/tail, and the stocking density is 100-200 fish/mu. The stocking should be carried out in fine weather. Use a washbasin to scoop the fingerlings with water into the buckets. Generally, 10-30 fish are placed in each bucket according to the size of the bucket. They are transported to the prepared pond and poured slowly. The whole process is carried out with water. Be careful when operating, and be careful not to scratch the scales of the saury, so as not to cause injury to the surface of the saury.

4.日常管理:每日巡塘检查饵料台,观察塘内刀鱼、河蟹和青虾的活动摄食情况,及时调整投饵量,饵料投喂的特点是单投蟹料即可,其中青虾主要摄食塘内的残饵和碎屑,刀鱼的饵料是青虾繁殖出来的幼虾;定期测量它们的规格,掌握生长情况;经常检查排水口的闸门和围网,以及铝片防逃栏是否有损坏,若有损坏及时修理和更换;注意观察池塘的水色和水位,发现异常及时采取措施;每月一次使用生石灰改良水质,生石灰化水后全塘泼洒,用量为5千克/亩。定期检测池塘的水质指标,掌握池塘的水质状况,并根据水质指标及时采取加注新水或换水等生产措施。每个池塘配置了功率为2.2KW的底充氧增氧器一台,晴好天气时中午开机2小时,晚上开机6小时。天气情况恶劣时可增加开机时间。4. Daily management: Check the bait table every day in the pond, observe the feeding situation of saury, river crab and green shrimp in the pond, and adjust the feeding amount in time. Residual bait and debris in the pond, saury bait is juvenile shrimp bred from green shrimp; regularly measure their specifications to grasp the growth situation; often check the gates and fences of the drainage outlet, and whether the aluminum anti-escape fence is damaged, If damaged, repair and replace it in time; pay attention to observe the water color and water level of the pond, and take measures in time if any abnormality is found; use quicklime once a month to improve the water quality. Regularly test the water quality indicators of the pond, master the water quality of the pond, and take production measures such as adding new water or changing water in time according to the water quality indicators. Each pond is equipped with a bottom oxygenation aerator with a power of 2.2KW, which can be turned on for 2 hours at noon in fine weather and 6 hours at night. The start-up time can be increased in inclement weather.

5.捕捞方法:捕捞的时候这三个品种有不同的时间,我们按这三个品种分三步进行,每年9月底到11月之间捕捉河蟹,这时是河蟹活动最频繁的季节,可使用池塘打循环水的方法,使河蟹爬上塘埂加以捕捉;也可以在晚上使用灯光诱捕河蟹。河蟹捕捉结束以后,在10月底、11月份水温降低、拉网对刀鱼损伤最小的时候起捕刀鱼,在塘里水位高的时候或稍微排掉一部分水以后,方便操作的前提下使用皮条网拉网拉刀鱼,将皮条网拉到塘边围拢,然后用脸盆将刀鱼带水舀入水桶,这时因为刀鱼个体长大,所以根据桶的大小每个水桶内一般放10-20尾,运到准备好的池塘边缓缓倒入,全程带水操作;在用皮条网拉刀鱼的同时也已将部分青虾一起捕获;捕捞的最后一步是将塘内水排干后,使用捞海、抄网等网具将塘内剩余的青虾、刀鱼捕出。5. Fishing method: These three species have different times when fishing. We will carry out the three steps according to these three species. Every year from the end of September to November, the river crabs are caught. This is the most frequent season of river crab activities. Use the method of circulating water in the pond to make the crabs climb up the pond to catch them; you can also use lights to trap the crabs at night. After the capture of river crabs, the saury will be caught at the end of October and November when the water temperature drops and the net damage to the saury is minimal. When the water level in the pond is high or after a little bit of water is drained, use the leather net to pull the saury under the premise of convenient operation. Pull the saury on the net, pull the leather net to the edge of the pond, and then use the washbasin to scoop the saury with water into the bucket. At this time, because the saury grows up, generally 10-20 fish are placed in each bucket according to the size of the bucket. Slowly pour it to the prepared pond, and operate with water throughout the whole process; while pulling the saury with a leather net, some green shrimp have also been caught together; the last step of fishing is to drain the water in the pond, and then use the sea fishing, copying Nets and other nets are used to catch the remaining green shrimp and saury in the pond.

实施例2Example 2

地点:在上海市水产研究所奉贤科研基地星火分部的11号、12号、13号塘三个塘内进行混养,蟹种于2017年2月4日放养;共放养17500只蟹种,规格为50只/斤;刀鱼鱼种于2017年6月6日放养,共放养2700尾,鱼种规格平均为7.64g/尾;青虾虾种于2017年5月6日放养,共放养30斤。河蟹于2017年11月初开始捕捞,经过9月的养殖收获成蟹2170.5斤,雌雄蟹平均规格为2.23两/只;刀鱼于2017年11月30日拉网捕捞,经过6个月养殖,收获二令刀鱼1954尾,平均规格为30.8g/尾,(成活率为81.7%、71%、和64.3%);收获自繁一令刀鱼28888尾,平均规格为7.62g/尾;收获青虾330斤,取得了良好的效果。Location: Polyculture was carried out in the three ponds of No. 11, No. 12, and No. 13 in the Xinghuo Branch of Fengxian Scientific Research Base of Shanghai Fisheries Research Institute. Crab species were stocked on February 4, 2017; a total of 17,500 crab species were stocked. 50/catties; saury fingerlings were stocked on June 6, 2017, a total of 2,700 fish were stocked, and the average size of fingerlings was 7.64g/tail; green shrimp and shrimp were stocked on May 6, 2017, a total of 30 catties were stocked . The river crabs began to be fished in early November 2017. After breeding in September, 2,170.5 catties of adult crabs were harvested, and the average size of male and female crabs was 2.23 taels per head. The saury was caught with a net on November 30, 2017. After 6 months of breeding, two harvests were made. There were 1954 saury tails, with an average size of 30.8g/tail, (survival rates were 81.7%, 71%, and 64.3%); 28,888 saury were harvested from a single saury with an average size of 7.62g/tail; 330 catties of green shrimp were harvested ,obtained a good outcome.

表1Table 1

Figure BDA0001687105070000061
Figure BDA0001687105070000061

以上已对本发明创造的较佳实施例进行了具体说明,但本发明创造并不限于所述实施例,熟悉本领域的技术人员在不违背本发明创造精神的前提下还可做出种种的等同的变型或替换,这些等同的变型或替换均包含在本申请权利要求所限定的范围内。The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been specifically described above, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make various equivalents without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Modifications or substitutions of these equivalent modifications or substitutions are all included within the scope defined by the claims of the present application.

Claims (1)

1. A method for polyculture of hairtail, river crab and freshwater shrimp is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(A) pond selection and preparation: selecting a conventional soil pond with the area of 5-10 mu, wherein the pond bottom is flat, and the pond is provided with complete water inlet and drainage facilities in a rectangular shape in the east-west direction; pumping accumulated water on the bottom of the used pond by using a water pump after the pond is dried in the last year, keeping the whole pond bottom dry, removing sludge on the bottom of the pond, solarizing the sludge, and sterilizing the used pond in the current year by using 75-100 kg/mu of quicklime; or the bleaching powder is splashed after 20-30ppm of water is dissolved in the whole pond, and the disinfection time is carried out 20 days-1 month before the fries are put into the pond; feeding water in advance for 15-20 days according to the time of putting the seedlings into the pond, filtering the water inlet by using a 60-mesh sieve bag when water enters for 50cm, then fertilizing and topdressing by using fermented organic fertilizer, applying the fermented organic fertilizer into base fertilizer according to the application amount of 75-100 kg/mu, and then topdressing and adding new water according to the time and water color condition of putting the seedlings into the pond until the water level is added to 1-1.5 m;
(B) setting escape-proof facilities: each pond is enclosed by aluminum sheets or glass, a water outlet is enclosed by a 30-mesh gate net and an arc enclosure net near the pond surface so as to prevent the seedlings from escaping; a circle of plastic film is additionally sewn at the upper opening of the circular arc surrounding net of the water outlet close to the pool surface, and is specially used for preventing river crabs from escaping from the water outlet; the height of the aluminum sheet or glass escape-proof fence is 50cm, and the height of the plastic film sewed on the circular arc net close to the pool surface is 50 cm;
(C) fry stocking: stocking the crab seeds in the early middle ten days and the late 3 months of each year, wherein the specification of the crab seeds is 40-60 per jin, the stocking density is 500-; firstly, putting bought crab seeds in a mesh bag into a pond for immersion, sucking fresh water into the pond through breathing, lifting after 1-2 minutes, immersing again, repeating the steps for 1-2 times to adapt to the temperature of the fresh water and the water in the pond, then moving the crab seeds into an aquarium, inflating and immersing the crab seeds in 5ppm potassium permanganate solution for 10-20 minutes to kill parasites on the surfaces of the crab seeds, loosening the mesh bag opening at the side of the pond after immersion, and slightly pouring out the crab seeds to enable the crab seeds to climb into the pond by self; breeding the freshwater shrimps in 4-5 months, capturing the freshwater shrimps by using a ground cage, collecting and weighing the freshwater shrimps, and putting the freshwater shrimps into each pond, wherein the breeding density is 3-5 jin/mu; the hairtail seeds are stocked in 5 and 6 months, the stocking specification is 6-9 g/tail, the stocking density is 100 plus 200 pieces/mu, the stocking is carried out in fine weather, firstly, the hairtail seeds are pulled to the pond edge by a leather strip net to be enclosed, then, the hairtail seeds are ladled into a water bucket by a washbasin with water, 10-30 pieces of the hairtail seeds are placed in each water bucket according to the size of the water bucket, the hairtail seeds are transported to the prepared pond edge to be slowly poured into the pond edge, and the whole process is carried out with water;
(D) daily management: inspecting a bait table every day, observing the activity ingestion condition of the hairtail, the river crab and the freshwater shrimp in the pond, and adjusting the bait feeding amount in time, wherein the bait feeding is characterized in that crab feeding is only carried out, quicklime is used for improving the water quality once a month, and the quicklime is used for dissolving water and is splashed into the whole pond, and the dosage is 5 kg/mu; periodically detecting the water quality index of the pond, grasping the water quality condition of the pond, and timely adopting production measures of adding new water or changing water according to the water quality index; providing oxygenation equipment, configuring one bottom oxygenation oxygenator with the power of 2.2KW for each pond, and starting up for 2 hours at noon and 6 hours at night in sunny weather; increasing the starting time in severe weather conditions;
(E) the fishing method comprises the following steps: catching river crabs between 9 months and 11 months every year, and using a method of pumping circulating water in a pond to make the river crabs climb a pond ridge to be caught, or using light to trap the river crabs at night; after the river crabs are caught, fishing the hairtail when the water temperature is reduced in 10 months at the bottom of 11 months and the damage of the hairtail to the hairtail by pulling the net is minimum, pulling the hairtail to pull the hairtail by using the leather strip net when the water level in the pond is high or after a part of water is slightly drained off under the premise of convenient operation, drawing the leather strip net to the edge of the pond to enclose, scooping the hairtail with water into a water bucket by using a washbasin, placing 10-20 fish into each water bucket according to the size of the bucket, transporting the hairtail to the prepared pond edge to pour slowly, and carrying out water carrying operation in the whole process; part of the freshwater shrimps are captured together while the saury is pulled by the skin strip net; the final step of the fishing is to drain the water in the pond, and then use a sea fishing and shoveling net to catch the rest of the freshwater shrimps and the hairtail in the pond.
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