CN108834947B - Polyculture method of saury, river crab and freshwater shrimp - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of aquatic product culture, in particular to a method for polyculture of hairtail, river crab and freshwater shrimp, which comprises the steps of selecting and preparing a pond; an anti-escape facility; breeding seedlings of different varieties; a daily management method, a method for catching different varieties and the like. The invention has the outstanding characteristics that a single culture mode different from the conventional saury, river crab and freshwater shrimp is created, the culture water body is fully utilized, the saury, river crab and freshwater shrimp are cultured in the middle upper layer and the bottom layer of the water body according to different life habits in the same pond, and the spat of the saury, river crab and freshwater shrimp are put into the pond at different time to carry out mixed culture of the three varieties, thereby improving the utilization rate of the culture water body of the pond and digging the production capacity of the pond; the invention discloses a novel mixed culture mode and develops a novel culture technology.

Description

A kind of polyculture method of saury, river crab and green shrimp

technical field

The invention relates to the field of aquatic product culture, in particular to a method for polyculture of saury, river crab and green shrimp.

Background technique

The saury, scientific name (Coilia ectenes Jordan), also known as the Yangtze saury, the saury, is a small migratory fish in the middle and upper layers. The saury is narrow and long with thin sides, similar to a sharp knife, silver-white, and feeds on copepods, cladocerans, and small fish and shrimp; saury meat is tender, delicious, and fat but not greasy. Swordfish, shad, pufferfish and channel catfish are known as the "Four Fresh Foods of the Yangtze River".

River crab, scientific name Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis), belongs to the arthropod door Crustacea decapod, Toxidae, mitten crab. Also known as crabs and hairy crabs, they live in caves in rivers and ponds and hide in gravel water plants. They are omnivores. Crab meat is delicious, nutritious, and has high economic value. It is one of the popular precious aquatic products.

Green shrimp, scientific name Macrobrachium nipponense (Macrobrachium nipponense), belongs to the phylum Crustacea Decapoda, Long-arm shrimp family, Macrobrachium genus, also known as river shrimp. Is an omnivorous animal; camp benthic life, green shrimp has the characteristics of high fecundity, strong adaptability and wide eating habits. The green shrimp is delicious and can be listed all year round, so it is very popular in the industry.

In recent years, due to water pollution and overfishing in the Yangtze Estuary, the resources and catches of saury in the estuary of the Yangtze River have been decreasing. The seasonal home-cooked dishes that were tasted early in the spring have now become the top banquet dishes in high-end restaurants. At present, although saury has achieved success in artificial breeding technology, and artificial breeding also has a certain breeding area, there has been no effective solution to the supply of bait in the artificial breeding process of saury, which is restricted by the variety of bait and the palatability of the bait. There is a problem of low survival rate (30%-50%) of second-year-old saury breeding, and there is a lack of more diverse and more suitable breeding models; in addition, in aquaculture, if a single species is cultivated in a pond, the water body cannot be fully utilized. , also wasting the effective breeding area of the pond.

However, there is no report on a polyculture method of saury, river crab and green shrimp.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

According to the different living habits of river crabs, saury, and green shrimp, we know that river crabs live in the bottom of the water body, swordfish live in the middle and upper layers of the water body, and green shrimp live in benthic life. If they are cultured in the same water body, in terms of living space There is no conflict and the effective water body of the pond can be fully utilized. In addition, green shrimp has the characteristics of high fertility, and the juvenile shrimp it produces is just a suitable feed for saury, which can improve the survival rate of second-year saury.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for polyculture of saury, river crab, and green shrimp, including the selection and preparation of ponds; escape-prevention facilities; stocking of different species of fry;

The technical scheme of the present invention is to select a conventional soil pond, use quicklime or bleaching powder to disinfect the pond, use quicklime 75-100kg/mu, or 20-30ppm bleaching powder to dissolve the water and sprinkle the whole pond; the disinfection time is 20 minutes before the seedlings are stocked 15-20 days in advance according to the time when the seedlings are planted in the pond, and filter the water with a 60-mesh mesh bag; then use fermented organic fertilizer for fertilization and topdressing, and the application amount of the base fertilizer is 75-100kg/mu; and set up anti-escape facilities and equipped with oxygen-enhancing equipment. Then in February, May and June, according to the different stocking time of the cultured species, the seedlings of river crab, green shrimp and saury are respectively put in; every year in the middle and late February and the beginning of March, the crabs are stocked, and the size of the crabs is 40-60. /catties, stocking density 500-1000/mu; shrimp species are stocked in April and May, stocking density 3-5 catties/mu; saury fingerlings are stocked in May and June, stocking size 6-9 grams/tail, stocking The density is 100-200 tails/mu. Then use their different living habits to carry out polyculture in the same pond.

Specifically include the following steps:

(A) Pond selection and preparation: Choose a pond with an area of 5-10 mu, with a flat bottom, complete water intake and drainage facilities, and a rectangle in the east-west direction; the pond to be used should be drained with a pump after the pond is dry at the end of the previous year. Accumulate water, keep the whole pond bottom dry, remove the silt at the bottom of the pond, let it be exposed to the sun, disinfect the pond used in that year, use quicklime 75-100kg/mu; or bleach powder 20-30ppm after water is splashed on the whole pond for disinfection The time is 20 days to 1 month before the seedlings are stocked; according to the time when the seedlings are put into the pond, the water is introduced 15-20 days in advance. The fermented organic fertilizer is applied to the base fertilizer according to the application rate of 75-100kg/mu, and then top-dressing and new water are added according to the time and water color of the seedlings in the pond until the water level is added to 1-1.5 meters;

(B) Anti-escape facilities: fence each pond with aluminum sheets or glass, etc., and fence the drain with a 30-mesh gate net and a circular arc fence near the pool surface to prevent the seedlings from escaping; A plastic film is stitched at the top of the arc fence on the pool surface to prevent crabs from escaping here; the height of the aluminum sheet or glass escape fence is 50cm, and the height of the plastic film stitched on the arc net near the pool surface is 50cm. ;

(C) Stocking of seedlings: stocking crabs in mid-to-late February and early March every year, with a size of 40-60 crabs/kg and a stocking density of 500-1000/mu. The stocking of crabs is carried out during the day; The purchased crab seeds in the net bag are immersed in the pond, and the new water in the pond is inhaled by breathing, picked up after 1-2 minutes, and then immersed. Repeat this 1-2 times to adapt to the new water body and The water temperature in the pond is then moved into the aquarium and soaked with 5ppm potassium permanganate solution for 10-20 minutes to kill the parasites on the surface of the crab species. Lightly pour out the crab seeds and let them climb into the pond by themselves; the shrimp seeds are stocked in April and May, caught in ground cages, collected and weighed, put into each pond, and the stocking density is 3-5 kg/mu; , Stocking in June, the stocking specification is 6-9 grams/tail, and the stocking density is 100-200 tails/mu. The stocking option is carried out in fine weather. First, the saury fingerlings are pulled to the edge of the pond with a leather net, and then the fish is placed in a washbasin. The seeds are scooped into buckets with water. According to the size of the bucket, generally 10-30 tails are placed in each bucket, and they are transported to the prepared pond and poured slowly, and the whole process is carried out with water;

(D) Daily management: inspect the bait table every day in the pond, observe the active feeding situation of saury, river crab and green shrimp in the pond, and adjust the feeding amount in time. Quicklime is used to improve the water quality. After quickliming water, sprinkle the whole pond with a dosage of 5 kg/mu; regularly check the water quality indicators of the ponds, master the water quality of the ponds, and take production measures such as adding new water or changing water in time according to the water quality indicators; Each pond is equipped with a bottom oxygenation aerator with a power of 2.2KW, which can be turned on for 2 hours at noon when the weather is fine and 6 hours at night; when the weather is bad, the start-up time is increased;

(E) Fishing method: catch river crabs between the end of September and November every year, use the method of circulating water in the pond, make the river crabs climb the pond ridge to catch them, or use lights to trap river crabs at night; after the river crabs are caught, at the end of October, In November, when the water temperature drops and the damage to the saury by pulling the net is minimal, the saury is caught. When the water level in the pond is high or after a part of the water has been drained a little, the saury is pulled by using the leather net under the premise of convenient operation, and the leather net is pulled. Surrounded by the pond, then use the washbasin to scoop the saury with water into the bucket. According to the size of the bucket, generally put 10-20 fish in each bucket, transport it to the prepared pond and pour it slowly, and operate with water throughout the process; While pulling the saury with the pimp net, some green prawns have also been caught together; the last step of fishing is to drain the water in the pond, and then use nets such as fishing nets and fishing nets to catch the remaining green prawns and saury in the pond.

The advantages of the present invention are:

1. The present invention has created a monoculture mode that is different from conventional saury, river crab, and green shrimp, making full use of the culture water body, and culturing in the middle and upper layers and the bottom layer of the water body according to their different living habits in the same pond. , put in the seedlings of saury, river crab and green shrimp at different times to carry out the polyculture of these three species, which improves the utilization rate of the pond culture water body and excavates the production capacity of the pond;

2. In addition, there are more species cultivated in a pond, and there are more sources of income, which also improves the overall efficiency of the pond;

3. In addition, due to the polyculture of green prawns, green prawns have the characteristics of high fertility. When the green prawns are raised to produce benefits, the juveniles produced by the green prawns are also suitable bait for saury, which not only solves the problem of saury. The bait supply improves the survival rate of the second-year-old saury (the survival rate of culture is increased from 30% to 50% to 60% to 80%). Self-propagating seedlings of saury can also be harvested;

4. The present invention explores a new polyculture mode and develops a new breeding technology.

Detailed ways

The specific embodiments provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the examples.

Example 1

Production technology steps include:

1. Pond selection and preparation: Choose a pond with an area of 5-10 mu, with a flat bottom, complete inflow and drainage facilities, and an east-west rectangle. After the ponds used were dried up at the end of the previous year, the water at the bottom of the ponds was pumped to dry the entire bottom of the ponds, and the silt at the bottom of the ponds was removed and exposed to the sun. 100kg/mu; or 20-30ppm of bleaching powder is sprayed on the whole pond after the water is dissolved, and the disinfection time is carried out 20 days to 1 month before the seedlings are put into the pond; When the water inlet is filtered with a 60 mesh screen bag to prevent wild fish and harmful organisms from entering the pond, the water is 50cm, and then the fermented organic fertilizer (such as cow dung, pig dung, etc.) is applied at a rate of 75-100kg/mu. Apply the base fertilizer according to the amount of seedlings, and then carry out top dressing and add new water according to the time and water color of the seedlings in the pond until the water level is added to 1-1.5 meters.

2. Anti-escape facilities: fence each pond with aluminum sheets or glass, etc., and fence the drain with a 30-mesh gate net and a circular arc fence near the pool surface to prevent the seedlings from escaping. A circle of plastic film is sewn on the circular arc fence near the water outlet to prevent crabs from escaping here. Height is 50cm.

3. Stocking of seedlings: Three different species have different stocking times. Generally, crabs can be stocked after a year. Crabs are stocked in mid-to-late February and early March every year. The specifications of crabs are 40-60 pieces/catties. The stocking density is 500-1000/mu, and the stocking of crab species is carried out during the day. First, put the purchased crabs in the net bag into the pond and immerse them, inhale the new water in the pond by breathing, pick them up after 1-2 minutes, and then immerse them again. Repeat this 1-2 times to make them adapt to the new water. The water body and the water temperature in the pond are then moved into the aquarium and soaked with 5ppm potassium permanganate solution for 10-20 minutes to kill the parasites on the surface of the crab species. , gently pour out the crab seedlings and let them climb into the pond by themselves. Shrimp seeds are stocked in April and May, and are captured in ground cages. After collection and weighing, they are put into each pond, and the stocking density is 3-5 catties/mu. The stocking of shrimp species is one month earlier than that of saury. Stocking one month in advance, because April-August is the breeding season of green shrimp, and June-July is the peak breeding season of green shrimp. At this time, the juvenile shrimp bred from the stocked shrimp species is the best time after the saury fish species are placed in the pond. palatable bait. The saury fingerlings are stocked in May and June. The stocking specification is 6-9 grams/tail, and the stocking density is 100-200 fish/mu. The stocking should be carried out in fine weather. Use a washbasin to scoop the fingerlings with water into the buckets. Generally, 10-30 fish are placed in each bucket according to the size of the bucket. They are transported to the prepared pond and poured slowly. The whole process is carried out with water. Be careful when operating, and be careful not to scratch the scales of the saury, so as not to cause injury to the surface of the saury.

4. Daily management: Check the bait table every day in the pond, observe the feeding situation of saury, river crab and green shrimp in the pond, and adjust the feeding amount in time. Residual bait and debris in the pond, saury bait is juvenile shrimp bred from green shrimp; regularly measure their specifications to grasp the growth situation; often check the gates and fences of the drainage outlet, and whether the aluminum anti-escape fence is damaged, If damaged, repair and replace it in time; pay attention to observe the water color and water level of the pond, and take measures in time if any abnormality is found; use quicklime once a month to improve the water quality. Regularly test the water quality indicators of the pond, master the water quality of the pond, and take production measures such as adding new water or changing water in time according to the water quality indicators. Each pond is equipped with a bottom oxygenation aerator with a power of 2.2KW, which can be turned on for 2 hours at noon in fine weather and 6 hours at night. The start-up time can be increased in inclement weather.

5. Fishing method: These three species have different times when fishing. We will carry out the three steps according to these three species. Every year from the end of September to November, the river crabs are caught. This is the most frequent season of river crab activities. Use the method of circulating water in the pond to make the crabs climb up the pond to catch them; you can also use lights to trap the crabs at night. After the capture of river crabs, the saury will be caught at the end of October and November when the water temperature drops and the net damage to the saury is minimal. When the water level in the pond is high or after a little bit of water is drained, use the leather net to pull the saury under the premise of convenient operation. Pull the saury on the net, pull the leather net to the edge of the pond, and then use the washbasin to scoop the saury with water into the bucket. At this time, because the saury grows up, generally 10-20 fish are placed in each bucket according to the size of the bucket. Slowly pour it to the prepared pond, and operate with water throughout the whole process; while pulling the saury with a leather net, some green shrimp have also been caught together; the last step of fishing is to drain the water in the pond, and then use the sea fishing, copying Nets and other nets are used to catch the remaining green shrimp and saury in the pond.

Example 2

Location: Polyculture was carried out in the three ponds of No. 11, No. 12, and No. 13 in the Xinghuo Branch of Fengxian Scientific Research Base of Shanghai Fisheries Research Institute. Crab species were stocked on February 4, 2017; a total of 17,500 crab species were stocked. 50/catties; saury fingerlings were stocked on June 6, 2017, a total of 2,700 fish were stocked, and the average size of fingerlings was 7.64g/tail; green shrimp and shrimp were stocked on May 6, 2017, a total of 30 catties were stocked . The river crabs began to be fished in early November 2017. After breeding in September, 2,170.5 catties of adult crabs were harvested, and the average size of male and female crabs was 2.23 taels per head. The saury was caught with a net on November 30, 2017. After 6 months of breeding, two harvests were made. There were 1954 saury tails, with an average size of 30.8g/tail, (survival rates were 81.7%, 71%, and 64.3%); 28,888 saury were harvested from a single saury with an average size of 7.62g/tail; 330 catties of green shrimp were harvested ,obtained a good outcome.

Table 1

The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been specifically described above, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make various equivalents without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Modifications or substitutions of these equivalent modifications or substitutions are all included within the scope defined by the claims of the present application.

Claims (1)

1. A method for polyculture of hairtail, river crab and freshwater shrimp is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(A) pond selection and preparation: selecting a conventional soil pond with the area of 5-10 mu, wherein the pond bottom is flat, and the pond is provided with complete water inlet and drainage facilities in a rectangular shape in the east-west direction; pumping accumulated water on the bottom of the used pond by using a water pump after the pond is dried in the last year, keeping the whole pond bottom dry, removing sludge on the bottom of the pond, solarizing the sludge, and sterilizing the used pond in the current year by using 75-100 kg/mu of quicklime; or the bleaching powder is splashed after 20-30ppm of water is dissolved in the whole pond, and the disinfection time is carried out 20 days-1 month before the fries are put into the pond; feeding water in advance for 15-20 days according to the time of putting the seedlings into the pond, filtering the water inlet by using a 60-mesh sieve bag when water enters for 50cm, then fertilizing and topdressing by using fermented organic fertilizer, applying the fermented organic fertilizer into base fertilizer according to the application amount of 75-100 kg/mu, and then topdressing and adding new water according to the time and water color condition of putting the seedlings into the pond until the water level is added to 1-1.5 m;

(B) setting escape-proof facilities: each pond is enclosed by aluminum sheets or glass, a water outlet is enclosed by a 30-mesh gate net and an arc enclosure net near the pond surface so as to prevent the seedlings from escaping; a circle of plastic film is additionally sewn at the upper opening of the circular arc surrounding net of the water outlet close to the pool surface, and is specially used for preventing river crabs from escaping from the water outlet; the height of the aluminum sheet or glass escape-proof fence is 50cm, and the height of the plastic film sewed on the circular arc net close to the pool surface is 50 cm;

(C) fry stocking: stocking the crab seeds in the early middle ten days and the late 3 months of each year, wherein the specification of the crab seeds is 40-60 per jin, the stocking density is 500-; firstly, putting bought crab seeds in a mesh bag into a pond for immersion, sucking fresh water into the pond through breathing, lifting after 1-2 minutes, immersing again, repeating the steps for 1-2 times to adapt to the temperature of the fresh water and the water in the pond, then moving the crab seeds into an aquarium, inflating and immersing the crab seeds in 5ppm potassium permanganate solution for 10-20 minutes to kill parasites on the surfaces of the crab seeds, loosening the mesh bag opening at the side of the pond after immersion, and slightly pouring out the crab seeds to enable the crab seeds to climb into the pond by self; breeding the freshwater shrimps in 4-5 months, capturing the freshwater shrimps by using a ground cage, collecting and weighing the freshwater shrimps, and putting the freshwater shrimps into each pond, wherein the breeding density is 3-5 jin/mu; the hairtail seeds are stocked in 5 and 6 months, the stocking specification is 6-9 g/tail, the stocking density is 100 plus 200 pieces/mu, the stocking is carried out in fine weather, firstly, the hairtail seeds are pulled to the pond edge by a leather strip net to be enclosed, then, the hairtail seeds are ladled into a water bucket by a washbasin with water, 10-30 pieces of the hairtail seeds are placed in each water bucket according to the size of the water bucket, the hairtail seeds are transported to the prepared pond edge to be slowly poured into the pond edge, and the whole process is carried out with water;

(D) daily management: inspecting a bait table every day, observing the activity ingestion condition of the hairtail, the river crab and the freshwater shrimp in the pond, and adjusting the bait feeding amount in time, wherein the bait feeding is characterized in that crab feeding is only carried out, quicklime is used for improving the water quality once a month, and the quicklime is used for dissolving water and is splashed into the whole pond, and the dosage is 5 kg/mu; periodically detecting the water quality index of the pond, grasping the water quality condition of the pond, and timely adopting production measures of adding new water or changing water according to the water quality index; providing oxygenation equipment, configuring one bottom oxygenation oxygenator with the power of 2.2KW for each pond, and starting up for 2 hours at noon and 6 hours at night in sunny weather; increasing the starting time in severe weather conditions;

(E) the fishing method comprises the following steps: catching river crabs between 9 months and 11 months every year, and using a method of pumping circulating water in a pond to make the river crabs climb a pond ridge to be caught, or using light to trap the river crabs at night; after the river crabs are caught, fishing the hairtail when the water temperature is reduced in 10 months at the bottom of 11 months and the damage of the hairtail to the hairtail by pulling the net is minimum, pulling the hairtail to pull the hairtail by using the leather strip net when the water level in the pond is high or after a part of water is slightly drained off under the premise of convenient operation, drawing the leather strip net to the edge of the pond to enclose, scooping the hairtail with water into a water bucket by using a washbasin, placing 10-20 fish into each water bucket according to the size of the bucket, transporting the hairtail to the prepared pond edge to pour slowly, and carrying out water carrying operation in the whole process; part of the freshwater shrimps are captured together while the saury is pulled by the skin strip net; the final step of the fishing is to drain the water in the pond, and then use a sea fishing and shoveling net to catch the rest of the freshwater shrimps and the hairtail in the pond.