CN108834947B

CN108834947B - Polyculture method of saury, river crab and freshwater shrimp

Info

Publication number: CN108834947B
Application number: CN201810574639.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王建军; 陆根海; 施永海; 刘建忠; 张根玉; 朱建明
Original assignee: Shanghai Fisheries Research Institute
Current assignee: Shanghai Fisheries Research Institute
Priority date: 2018-06-06
Filing date: 2018-06-06
Publication date: 2020-07-17
Anticipated expiration: 2038-06-06
Also published as: CN108834947A

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of aquatic product culture, in particular to a method for polyculture of hairtail, river crab and freshwater shrimp, which comprises the steps of selecting and preparing a pond; an anti-escape facility; breeding seedlings of different varieties; a daily management method, a method for catching different varieties and the like. The invention has the outstanding characteristics that a single culture mode different from the conventional saury, river crab and freshwater shrimp is created, the culture water body is fully utilized, the saury, river crab and freshwater shrimp are cultured in the middle upper layer and the bottom layer of the water body according to different life habits in the same pond, and the spat of the saury, river crab and freshwater shrimp are put into the pond at different time to carry out mixed culture of the three varieties, thereby improving the utilization rate of the culture water body of the pond and digging the production capacity of the pond; the invention discloses a novel mixed culture mode and develops a novel culture technology.

Description

Polyculture method of saury, river crab and freshwater shrimp

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of aquatic product culture, in particular to a method for polyculture of hairtail, river crab and freshwater shrimp.

Background

The Coilia ectenes and Coilia coiliana are small migratory fishes in the middle and upper layers. The shape of the hairtail is narrow and long, is rather similar to a sharp knife, is silvery white, and the eating property is to take copepods, cladocera and small fishes and shrimps as food; the meat of the saury is tender, delicious and fat but not greasy. The knife fish, reeves shad, river fish and longsnout catfish are known as "Changjiang river four delicacies".

River crab, the academic name of Eriocheir sinensis (Eriocheir sinensis), belongs to the Arthropoda Crustacea, Archaeoglobus, Eriocheir sinensis. Also known as crabs and hairy crabs, inhabit caves in rivers and ponds, are hidden in gravel aquatic plants and are omnivorous animals. The river crab has delicious meat taste, rich nutrients and high economic value. Is one of the popular and rare aquatic products.

Freshwater shrimps, the academic name Macrobrachium nipponense (Macrobrachium nipponense), belonging to the decapod order of the crustacean of the phylum acropoda, brachycacidae, Macrobrachium, also known as river shrimps. Belonging to omnivorous animals; the freshwater shrimps live in a benthic way have the characteristics of high reproductive capacity, strong adaptability and wide eating habits. The freshwater shrimp meat has delicious taste and can be listed all the year round, so the freshwater shrimp meat is deeply welcomed by the industry.

In recent years, due to water pollution and over-fishing at the estuary, the resource amount and fishing amount of the estuarine are increasingly reduced, the market price of the saury is high, the yield is also lower and lower, and the quality is not as good as one year; the saury is a popular dish for tasting fresh in spring, and is a top-grade dinner dish of a high-grade restaurant nowadays. At present, although the hairtail is successfully bred in the artificial breeding technology and the artificial breeding has a certain breeding area, an effective solution is not available in the link of bait supply in the artificial breeding process of the hairtail, the problem of low survival rate (30% -50%) of the second-instar hairtail breeding is generally existed due to the restriction of bait varieties and bait palatability, and a more diversified and more appropriate breeding mode is also lacked; in addition, in aquaculture, if one variety is singly cultured in one pond, water cannot be fully utilized, and the effective culture area of the pond is wasted.

However, a method for polyculture of hairtail, river crab and freshwater shrimp is not reported at present.

Disclosure of Invention

According to different life habits of river crabs, hairtails and freshwater shrimps, the river crabs live at the bottom layer of a water body, the hairtails live at the middle and upper layers of the water body, and the freshwater shrimps live in a camp benthic manner, if the river crabs, the hairtails and the freshwater shrimps are cultured in the same water body, no conflict can be formed in the living space, and the effective water body of the pond can be fully utilized. In addition, the freshwater shrimps have the characteristic of high reproductive capacity, and the juvenile shrimps produced by the freshwater shrimps are just palatable feed for the hairtail, so that the breeding survival rate of the second-instar hairtail can be improved.

The invention aims to provide a method for polyculture of hairtail, river crab and freshwater shrimp, which comprises the steps of selecting and preparing a pond; an anti-escape facility; breeding seedlings of different varieties; a daily management method, a method for catching different varieties and the like.

The technical scheme of the invention is that a conventional soil pond is selected, quicklime or bleaching powder is used for sterilizing the pond, 75-100 kg/mu of quicklime or 20-30ppm of bleaching powder is used for dissolving water, and then the water is splashed into the whole pond; the disinfection time is 20 days to 1 month before the fingerlings are put in the stocking; feeding water 15-20 days in advance according to the time of putting the seedlings into the pond, and filtering by using a 60-mesh sieve bag when water enters; then fertilizing and topdressing by using the fermented organic fertilizer, wherein the application amount of the base fertilizer is 75-100 kg/mu; and is provided with escape-proof facilities and equipped with oxygen increasing equipment. Then respectively putting the seedlings of river crabs, freshwater shrimps and hairtail into the pond in 2 months, 5 months and 6 months according to different stocking time of breeding varieties; stocking crab seeds in the middle and late ten days of 2 months and early 3 months every year, wherein the specification of the crab seeds is 40-60 crab seeds/jin, and the stocking density is 500-; breeding the shrimps in 4 and 5 months with the breeding density of 3-5 jin/mu; the hairtail is bred in 5 and 6 months, the breeding specification is 6-9 g/tail, and the breeding density is 100-. Then the different life habits of the plants are utilized to perform mixed culture in the same pond.

The method specifically comprises the following steps:

(A) pond selection and preparation: selecting a pond with the area of 5-10 mu, wherein the pond bottom is flat, and the pond is provided with a complete water inlet and drainage facility in a rectangular shape in the east-west direction; pumping accumulated water on the bottom of the used pond by using a water pump after the pond is dried in the last year, keeping the whole pond bottom dry, removing sludge on the bottom of the pond, solarizing the sludge, and sterilizing the used pond in the current year by using 75-100 kg/mu of quicklime; or the bleaching powder is splashed after 20-30ppm of water is dissolved in the whole pond, and the disinfection time is carried out 20 days-1 month before the fries are put into the pond; feeding water in advance for 15-20 days according to the time of putting the seedlings into the pond, filtering the water inlet by using a 60-mesh sieve bag when water enters for 50cm, applying the fermented organic fertilizer into a base fertilizer according to the application amount of 75-100 kg/mu, and then performing additional fertilization and adding new water according to the time and water color condition of putting the seedlings into the pond until the water level is added to 1-1.5 m;

(B) escape-proof facilities: each pond is enclosed by aluminum sheets or glass and the like, a water outlet is enclosed by a 30-mesh gate net and an arc enclosure net near the pond surface so as to prevent the seedlings from escaping; a circle of plastic film is additionally sewn at the upper opening of the circular arc surrounding net of the water outlet close to the pool surface, and is specially used for preventing river crabs from escaping from the water outlet; the height of the aluminum sheet or glass escape-proof fence is 50cm, and the height of the plastic film sewed on the circular arc net close to the pool surface is 50 cm;

(C) fry stocking: stocking the crab seeds in the early middle ten days and the late 3 months of each year, wherein the specification of the crab seeds is 40-60 per jin, the stocking density is 500-; firstly, putting bought crab seeds in a mesh bag into a pond for immersion, sucking fresh water into the pond through breathing, lifting after 1-2 minutes, immersing again, repeating the steps for 1-2 times to adapt to the temperature of the fresh water and the water in the pond, then moving the crab seeds into an aquarium, inflating and immersing the crab seeds in 5ppm potassium permanganate solution for 10-20 minutes to kill parasites on the surfaces of the crab seeds, loosening the mesh bag opening at the side of the pond after immersion, and slightly pouring out the crab seeds to enable the crab seeds to climb into the pond by self; breeding shrimps in 4-5 months, capturing the shrimps by using a ground cage, collecting and weighing the shrimps, and putting the shrimps into each pond, wherein the breeding density is 3-5 jin/mu; the hairtail seeds are stocked in 5 and 6 months, the stocking specification is 6-9 g/tail, the stocking density is 100 plus 200 pieces/mu, the stocking is carried out in fine weather, firstly, the hairtail seeds are pulled to the pond edge by a leather strip net to be enclosed, then, the hairtail seeds are ladled into a water bucket by a washbasin, 10-30 pieces of hairtail seeds are generally placed in each water bucket according to the size of the water bucket, the hairtail seeds are conveyed to the prepared pond edge to be slowly poured into the pond edge, and the whole process is operated with water;

(D) daily management: inspecting a bait table every day, observing the activity ingestion condition of the hairtail, the river crab and the freshwater shrimp in the pond, and adjusting the bait feeding amount in time, wherein the bait feeding is characterized in that crab feeding is only carried out, quicklime is used for improving the water quality once a month, and the quicklime is used for dissolving water and is splashed into the whole pond, and the dosage is 5 kg/mu; detecting the water quality index of the pond at regular intervals, grasping the water quality condition of the pond, and taking production measures such as adding new water or changing water in time according to the water quality index; each pond is provided with one bottom oxygen aeration device with the power of 2.2KW, and the pond is started for 2 hours in the noon and 6 hours in the evening in sunny weather; increasing the starting time in severe weather conditions;

(E) the fishing method comprises the following steps: catching river crabs between 9 months and 11 months every year, and using a method of pumping circulating water in a pond to make the river crabs climb a pond ridge to be caught, or using light to trap the river crabs at night; after the river crabs are caught, fishing the hairtail when the water temperature is reduced in 10 months at the bottom of 11 months and the damage of the hairtail to the hairtail is minimum by pulling the net, pulling the hairtail to the fishtail by using the leather strip net to pull the hairtail to the pond edge to enclose when the water level in the pond is high or after a part of water is slightly drained, using the leather strip net to pull the hairtail to the pond edge on the premise of convenient operation, scooping the hairtail with water into a water bucket by using a washbasin, generally putting 10-20 fish into each water bucket according to the size of the bucket, conveying the water to the prepared pond edge to pour slowly, and carrying out water carrying operation; part of the freshwater shrimps are captured together while the saury is pulled by the skin strip net; the final step of the fishing is to drain the water in the pond, and then use netting gear such as a sea fishing net, a brail net and the like to catch out the rest freshwater shrimps and the hairtail in the pond.

The invention has the advantages that:

1. the invention creates a single culture mode different from the conventional saury, river crab and freshwater shrimp, fully utilizes culture water, cultures in the middle upper layer and the bottom layer of the water according to different life habits of the saury, the river crab and the freshwater shrimp in the same pond, and puts the seeds of the saury, the river crab and the freshwater shrimp at different time to carry out mixed culture of the three varieties, thereby improving the utilization rate of the culture water in the pond and digging the production capacity of the pond;

2. in addition, the culture varieties are increased in one pond, and the income sources are increased, so that the overall benefit of the pond is improved;

3. in addition, due to the fact that the freshwater shrimps are mixedly cultured and have the characteristic of high reproductive capacity, when the freshwater shrimps grow, the young freshwater shrimps bred by the freshwater shrimps are palatable baits of the hairtail, and accordingly bait supply of the hairtail is achieved, and the survival rate of the two-year-old hairtail is improved (the survival rate of the hairtail is improved to 60% -80% from 30% -50%). Self-propagating seedlings of the hairtail can also be harvested;

4. the invention discloses a novel mixed culture mode and develops a novel culture technology.

Detailed Description

The following examples are provided to illustrate specific embodiments of the present invention.

Example 1

The production technology comprises the following steps:

1. pond selection and preparation: selecting a pond with the area of 5-10 mu, wherein the pond bottom is flat, and the pond is provided with a complete water inlet and outlet facility which is rectangular in the east-west direction. Pumping accumulated water on the bottom of the used pond by using a water pump after the pond is dried in the last year, keeping the whole pond bottom dry, removing sludge on the bottom of the pond, solarizing the sludge, and sterilizing the used pond in the current year by using 75-100 kg/mu of quicklime; or the bleaching powder is splashed after 20-30ppm of water is dissolved in the whole pond, and the disinfection time is carried out 20 days-1 month before the fries are put into the pond; feeding water in advance for 15-20 days according to the time of putting the seedlings into the pond, filtering a water inlet with a 60-mesh sieve bag when water enters to prevent wild trash fish and enemy organisms from entering the pond, feeding water for 50cm, applying fermented organic fertilizers (such as cow dung, pig dung and the like) into base fertilizers according to the application amount of 75-100 kg/mu, and then performing additional fertilization and adding new water according to the time and water color condition of putting the seedlings into the pond until the water level is added to 1-1.5 m.

2. Escape-proof facilities: and each pond is enclosed by aluminum sheets or glass and the like, a water outlet is enclosed by a 30-mesh gate net and an arc enclosure net close to the pond surface so as to prevent the seedlings from escaping. A circle of plastic film is additionally sewn at the upper opening of the circular arc surrounding net of the water outlet close to the pool surface, and is specially used for preventing river crabs from escaping from the water outlet; the height of the aluminum sheet or glass escape-proof fence is 50cm, and the height of the plastic film sewed on the circular arc net close to the pool surface is 50 cm.

3. Fry stocking: the three different varieties have different stocking time, the crabs can be stocked after the year generally, the crabs are stocked in the late 2 months and early 3 months of the year, the specification of the crabs is 40-60 per jin, the stocking density is 500 plus one 1000 per mu, and the stocking of the crabs is carried out in the daytime. The method comprises the steps of immersing bought crab seeds in a mesh bag in a pond, sucking fresh water in the pond through breathing, lifting after 1-2 minutes, immersing again, repeating the steps for 1-2 times to adapt to the temperature of the fresh water and the water in the pond, moving the crab seeds into an aquarium, inflating and immersing for 10-20 minutes by using 5ppm potassium permanganate solution to kill parasites on the surfaces of the crab seeds, loosening the mesh bag opening at the side of the pond after immersion, and slightly pouring out the crab seeds to enable the crab seeds to climb into the pond. Breeding shrimps in 4-5 months, capturing the shrimps by using a ground cage, collecting and weighing the shrimps, and putting the shrimps into each pond, wherein the breeding density is 3-5 jin/mu; the stocking of the shrimp species is earlier than that of the hairtail species by one month, so the stocking is earlier by one month, because the breeding season of the freshwater shrimps is 4-8 months, and the breeding season of the freshwater shrimps is 6-7 months, the juvenile shrimps bred by the stocking of the shrimp species are just the most palatable bait after the hairtail species are put into the pond. The hairtail seeds are stocked in 5 and 6 months, the stocking specification is 6-9 g/tail, the stocking density is 100 plus 200 pieces/mu, the stocking is carried out in a fine weather, firstly, the hairtail seeds are pulled to the pond edge by a leather strip net to be enclosed, then, the hairtail seeds are ladled into a water bucket by a washbasin, 10-30 pieces of hairtail seeds are generally placed in each water bucket according to the size of the water bucket, the hairtail seeds are transported to the prepared pond edge to be slowly poured into the pond, and the whole process is operated with water. Careful attention is paid to the operation, and the scales of the saury cannot be abraded so as to avoid the injury and infection of the body surface of the saury.

4. Daily management: the pond is patrolled every day to check the bait platform, observe the activity ingestion situation of the hairtail, river crab and freshwater shrimp in the pond, adjust the bait casting amount in time, the characteristic of bait casting is that the crab feed is thrown singly, wherein the freshwater shrimp mainly ingests the residual bait and chip in the pond, the bait of the hairtail is the juvenile shrimp that the freshwater shrimp breeds out; regularly measuring the specifications of the plants and mastering the growth conditions; the gate and the purse seine of the water outlet and the aluminum sheet escape-proof fence are frequently checked whether to be damaged, and if so, the aluminum sheet escape-proof fence is timely repaired and replaced; paying attention to observing the water color and water level of the pond, and taking measures in time when abnormality is found; the quicklime is used for improving the water quality once a month, and the quicklime is splashed in the whole pond after being used for dissolving water, wherein the dosage is 5 kg/mu. The water quality index of the pond is regularly detected, the water quality condition of the pond is mastered, and production measures such as adding new water or changing water are taken in time according to the water quality index. Each pond is provided with one bottom oxygen aeration device with the power of 2.2KW, and the pond is started for 2 hours in the noon and 6 hours in the evening in sunny weather. The boot time may be increased in severe weather conditions.

5. The fishing method comprises the following steps: the three varieties have different time during fishing, the three varieties are divided into three steps, river crabs are caught between 9 months and 11 months every year, and at the moment, the river crabs are the most frequent in activity, and the river crabs can climb up the ridge of the pond to be caught by using a method of pumping circulating water in the pond; the river crabs can be trapped by using the light at night. After the river crabs are caught, fishing the hairtail when the water temperature is reduced in 10 months at the bottom of 11 months and the damage of the hairtail by pulling the net to the hairtail is minimum, pulling the hairtail by using a skin strip net to pull the hairtail to the side of a pond to enclose when the water level in the pond is high or after a part of water is slightly drained, and then scooping the hairtail with water into a water bucket by using a washbasin on the premise of convenient operation, wherein 10-20 fish are generally placed in each water bucket according to the size of the bucket because the individual hairtail grows up, and are transported to the prepared pond side to be slowly poured into the pond, and the whole process is operated with water; part of the freshwater shrimps are captured together while the saury is pulled by the skin strip net; the final step of the fishing is to drain the water in the pond, and then use netting gear such as a sea fishing net, a brail net and the like to catch out the rest freshwater shrimps and the hairtail in the pond.

Example 2

A place: performing mixed culture in three ponds of No. 11, No. 12 and No. 13 of the star fire division of the Shanghai aquatic product research institute, and stocking the crabs in 2017 for 2 months and 4 days; 17500 crab seeds are bred in a stocking way, and the specification is 50 per jin; stocking the hairtail in 2017 in 6 months and 6 days, stocking the hairtail in 2700 totally, wherein the average specification of the hairtail is 7.64 g/tail; the freshwater shrimp seeds are bred in 5 months and 6 days in 2017 for 30 jin in total. The river crabs are caught in 11 months in 2017, and are harvested into 2170.5 jin of crabs after 9 months of cultivation, and the average specification of female and male crabs is 2.23 per crab; fishing the saury by pulling a net in 2017 for 11 months and 30 days, and culturing for 6 months to obtain two groups of the saury 1954 tails with the average specification of 30.8 g/tail (the survival rate is 81.7%, 71% and 64.3%); harvesting 28888 tails of a first ream of saury with average specification of 7.62 g/tail; 330 jin of freshwater shrimps are harvested, and a good effect is achieved.

TABLE 1

While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited thereto, and that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and the scope of the appended claims is to be accorded the full range of equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for polyculture of hairtail, river crab and freshwater shrimp is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(A) pond selection and preparation: selecting a conventional soil pond with the area of 5-10 mu, wherein the pond bottom is flat, and the pond is provided with complete water inlet and drainage facilities in a rectangular shape in the east-west direction; pumping accumulated water on the bottom of the used pond by using a water pump after the pond is dried in the last year, keeping the whole pond bottom dry, removing sludge on the bottom of the pond, solarizing the sludge, and sterilizing the used pond in the current year by using 75-100 kg/mu of quicklime; or the bleaching powder is splashed after 20-30ppm of water is dissolved in the whole pond, and the disinfection time is carried out 20 days-1 month before the fries are put into the pond; feeding water in advance for 15-20 days according to the time of putting the seedlings into the pond, filtering the water inlet by using a 60-mesh sieve bag when water enters for 50cm, then fertilizing and topdressing by using fermented organic fertilizer, applying the fermented organic fertilizer into base fertilizer according to the application amount of 75-100 kg/mu, and then topdressing and adding new water according to the time and water color condition of putting the seedlings into the pond until the water level is added to 1-1.5 m;

(B) setting escape-proof facilities: each pond is enclosed by aluminum sheets or glass, a water outlet is enclosed by a 30-mesh gate net and an arc enclosure net near the pond surface so as to prevent the seedlings from escaping; a circle of plastic film is additionally sewn at the upper opening of the circular arc surrounding net of the water outlet close to the pool surface, and is specially used for preventing river crabs from escaping from the water outlet; the height of the aluminum sheet or glass escape-proof fence is 50cm, and the height of the plastic film sewed on the circular arc net close to the pool surface is 50 cm;

(C) fry stocking: stocking the crab seeds in the early middle ten days and the late 3 months of each year, wherein the specification of the crab seeds is 40-60 per jin, the stocking density is 500-; firstly, putting bought crab seeds in a mesh bag into a pond for immersion, sucking fresh water into the pond through breathing, lifting after 1-2 minutes, immersing again, repeating the steps for 1-2 times to adapt to the temperature of the fresh water and the water in the pond, then moving the crab seeds into an aquarium, inflating and immersing the crab seeds in 5ppm potassium permanganate solution for 10-20 minutes to kill parasites on the surfaces of the crab seeds, loosening the mesh bag opening at the side of the pond after immersion, and slightly pouring out the crab seeds to enable the crab seeds to climb into the pond by self; breeding the freshwater shrimps in 4-5 months, capturing the freshwater shrimps by using a ground cage, collecting and weighing the freshwater shrimps, and putting the freshwater shrimps into each pond, wherein the breeding density is 3-5 jin/mu; the hairtail seeds are stocked in 5 and 6 months, the stocking specification is 6-9 g/tail, the stocking density is 100 plus 200 pieces/mu, the stocking is carried out in fine weather, firstly, the hairtail seeds are pulled to the pond edge by a leather strip net to be enclosed, then, the hairtail seeds are ladled into a water bucket by a washbasin with water, 10-30 pieces of the hairtail seeds are placed in each water bucket according to the size of the water bucket, the hairtail seeds are transported to the prepared pond edge to be slowly poured into the pond edge, and the whole process is carried out with water;

(D) daily management: inspecting a bait table every day, observing the activity ingestion condition of the hairtail, the river crab and the freshwater shrimp in the pond, and adjusting the bait feeding amount in time, wherein the bait feeding is characterized in that crab feeding is only carried out, quicklime is used for improving the water quality once a month, and the quicklime is used for dissolving water and is splashed into the whole pond, and the dosage is 5 kg/mu; periodically detecting the water quality index of the pond, grasping the water quality condition of the pond, and timely adopting production measures of adding new water or changing water according to the water quality index; providing oxygenation equipment, configuring one bottom oxygenation oxygenator with the power of 2.2KW for each pond, and starting up for 2 hours at noon and 6 hours at night in sunny weather; increasing the starting time in severe weather conditions;

(E) the fishing method comprises the following steps: catching river crabs between 9 months and 11 months every year, and using a method of pumping circulating water in a pond to make the river crabs climb a pond ridge to be caught, or using light to trap the river crabs at night; after the river crabs are caught, fishing the hairtail when the water temperature is reduced in 10 months at the bottom of 11 months and the damage of the hairtail to the hairtail by pulling the net is minimum, pulling the hairtail to pull the hairtail by using the leather strip net when the water level in the pond is high or after a part of water is slightly drained off under the premise of convenient operation, drawing the leather strip net to the edge of the pond to enclose, scooping the hairtail with water into a water bucket by using a washbasin, placing 10-20 fish into each water bucket according to the size of the bucket, transporting the hairtail to the prepared pond edge to pour slowly, and carrying out water carrying operation in the whole process; part of the freshwater shrimps are captured together while the saury is pulled by the skin strip net; the final step of the fishing is to drain the water in the pond, and then use a sea fishing and shoveling net to catch the rest of the freshwater shrimps and the hairtail in the pond.