CN103931524B - A kind of net encloses set and supports pattern and cultural method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of net encloses set and supports pattern and cultural method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of net to enclose set and support pattern and cultural method thereof, in lake net encloses with river crab based on support kind, set supports Macrobrachium nipponensis common in tropical fresh water shrimp Macrobrachium rosenbergii and lake, Odontobutis obscura, mandarin fish simultaneously.This set pattern of supporting can make full use of feed, reduce culture of Chinese mitten crab pollution, raising culture benefit, is that pattern supported by the set of a kind of environment-friendly high-efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to lake storehouse lake Area field, the net more particularly relating to a kind of environment-friendly high-efficiency encloses the foster pattern of set and cultural method thereof.
Background technology
River crab is China's distinctive famous-particular-excellent aquatic products, because it is nutritious, unique flavor and enjoy great prestige both at home and abroad.Since the nineties, with artificial breeding success, being greatly facilitated the development of China's culture of Chinese mitten crab industry, river crab lake Area also rises in lake.Lake Area person skillfully grasp net enclose build with anti-theft technique, pasture and water plantation with maintenance technology, spiral shell put in a suitable place to breed technology, buckle crab temporarily support technology, feedstuff feeding technology, commodity crab Fishing technology, ecology diseases prevention technology, explore button crab stocking rate 750~1200/thousand square metres, 60~160/kg of stocking size, the rate of recapture reaches 60~80%, Eco-breeding pattern more than 175g/ for the average forming specification.
But with the fast development of whole nation culture of Chinese mitten crab industry, the preferable river crab of big specification quality occurs in that the situation that supply exceed demand, and lake Area river crab high yield is not had a good harvest, have a strong impact on economic benefit and the cultivation enthusiasm of raiser.Meanwhile, because river crab lake Area throws in the exogenous organic matter such as chilled fish, river crab eats surplus ice fish chip, the excreta of river crab exists the risk that contaminant water environment accelerates lake eutrophication process.
Therefore, how while protecting Lake Water ecological, explore river crab and rationally overlap foster environment-friendly high-efficiency new culturing technique with other economic animals.I.e. how to make full use of the feeding habits of cultivated animals and the difference of the Various Seasonal intensity of feeding, as much as possible utilize conversion fed exogenous feed, strengthen its carbon converge and nitrogen phosphorus converge function while, produce other special aquatic products product of high-quality;While evading the market risk causing fishery market harmful competition because breed variety is single, improve the output value yield of cultivation byproduct, improve the economic benefit of culturist.Become those skilled in the art's important technological problems to be solved.
Content of the invention
For deficiencies of the prior art, the problem that the present invention solves is: provides the net of a kind of environment-friendly high-efficiency and encloses set and support pattern and cultural method thereof, encloses monoculture river crab high yield do not have a good harvest, reduce the technical barrier of breeding pollution to solve net.
The cultural method of pattern supported by a kind of purse seine set, comprises the following steps:
S1, supporting at described set and throwing in river crab in pattern, described river crab is the button crab that specification is 80~100/kg, puts 1050~1200/thousand square metres in a suitable place to breed in 2~March;
S2, supporting at described set and throwing in Odontobutis obscura in pattern, described Odontobutis obscura specification 140~160 tails/kg, 2~March, 1.5~3kg/ thousand square metres supported by set;
S3, support at described set and pattern thrown in Macrobrachium nipponensis, described Macrobrachium nipponensis divide two seasons set support, put 15.0~22.5kg/ thousand square metres 2~March in a suitable place to breed, stocking size is 600~800/kg;Late July puts 12~150,000/thousand square metres in a suitable place to breed, and stocking size is 6000~8000/kg;
S4, supporting at described set and throwing in mandarin fish in pattern, described mandarin fish specification 5~6cm, 9~15 tail/thousand square metre supported by late May set;
S5, supporting at described set and throwing in Macrobrachium rosenbergii in pattern, the specification of described Macrobrachium rosenbergii is 140~160/kg, in 7 months, the last ten-days period put 1.50~2.25kg/ thousand square metres in a suitable place to breed;
S6, in late September~fish for river crab and Macrobrachium rosenbergii by the end of October, fish for Macrobrachium nipponensis in May~June, December~January, fish for Odontobutis obscura and mandarin fish December~January.
Preferably, the cultural method that pattern supported by described set also includes, builds wear well net in 1~February and encloses, plants the submerged plants such as hydrilla verticillata, waterweed, hornwort, the 40~50% of cultivated area cultured area 1~February.
Preferably, the cultural method that pattern supported by described set also includes, throws in spiral shell 225kg/ alive thousand square metres and 300kg/ thousand square metres respectively in late March, mid-August.
Preferably, the cultural method that pattern supported by described set also includes, by the end of March to starting to feed the fresh water trash fish fished in lake at the beginning of 4 months, within 3 days, feeds 1 time, feeds 2-3kg/ time for every mu;Feed 2 days Mays 1 time, feed 3~4.5kg/ time for every thousand square metres;Start to feed chilled fish at the beginning of 6 months, within 2 days, feed 1 time, feed 22.5~30kg/ time, add every time and feed iblet 3.375kg/ thousand square metres for every thousand square metres;Late September starts only to feed corn, feeds 6kg/ thousand square metres every other day.
Preferably, the catching method that described step S6 is used is: fish for each seed shrimp, crab and Odontobutis obscura with cage net, and electricity consumption laws on arrests fishes for mandarin fish.
Compared with prior art, the net of a kind of environment-friendly high-efficiency of the present invention encloses the foster pattern of set and breeding way is application cultural ecology characteristics of principle, designs in conjunction with fishery market demand.Wherein, cultivated animals is ecological to be characterized mainly in that: pass through pasture and water, bacterium in water body, phytoplankton, spiral shell absorbs the carbon that fixing bait residue decomposes and discharges in river crab excreta, nitrogen, phosphorus, by food chain relation and different animals in the difference of the Various Seasonal intensity of feeding, as much as possible by carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus is converted into Macrobrachium rosenbergii, Macrobrachium nipponensis, Odontobutis obscura, the animal proteins such as mandarin fish, mode eventually through results catches increases the function that carbon converges and nitrogen phosphorus converges, realization makes full use of feed, reduce culture of Chinese mitten crab to pollute, improve the purpose of culture benefit, it is that pattern supported by the set of a kind of environment-friendly high-efficiency.There is in lake Area very big application prospect.
Detailed description of the invention
By detailed description of the invention, technical scheme will be clearly and completely described below.Obviously, described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the present invention, rather than whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, every other embodiment that those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained under the premise of not making creative work, broadly fall into the scope of protection of the invention.
Now with the fast development of whole nation culture of Chinese mitten crab industry, the preferable river crab of big specification quality occurs in that the situation that supply exceed demand, and lake Area river crab high yield is not had a good harvest, and has a strong impact on economic benefit and the cultivation enthusiasm of raiser.Meanwhile, because river crab lake Area throws in the exogenous organic matter such as chilled fish, river crab eats surplus ice fish chip, the excreta of river crab exists the risk that contaminant water environment accelerates lake eutrophication process.
The present invention is directed to deficiency of the prior art, the net providing a kind of environment-friendly high-efficiency encloses the foster pattern of set and cultural method thereof, in lake net encloses with river crab based on support kind, set supports Macrobrachium nipponensis common in tropical fresh water shrimp Macrobrachium rosenbergii and lake, Odontobutis obscura, mandarin fish simultaneously, encloses monoculture river crab high yield do not have a good harvest, reduce the technical barrier of breeding pollution to solve net.
Macrobrachium rosenbergii (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) has another name called Malaysia prawn, have the title of fresh water shrimp king.In addition to being rich in the local flavor of general Freshwater shrimps, being filled with gonad, have the taste of the special deliciousness being similar to crab oil, firmly get consumers in ripe Macrobrachium rosenbergii carapace, the Macrobrachium rosenbergii market price of especially more than 50g is at 100~160 yuan/kg.Macrobrachium rosenbergii originates in the torrid zone, fast growth, and its life water temperature adapting to is 24 DEG C~30 DEG C, when water temperature drop is to 16 DEG C, is slow in action, progressively dead.Dwelling life in the Macrobrachium rosenbergii battalion end, likes and perch in pasture and water clump.Macrobrachium rosenbergii belongs to omnivorousness, zooplankter, aquatic insect, pasture and water, algae;Cake class, rice bran, wheat bran etc. all can be ingested.Therefore, when 6~October more than 24 DEG C for the temperature, while feeding chilled fish culture river crab in a large number, raise together with Macrobrachium rosenbergii, the pasture and water of controllable overgrowing, clean river crab and eat surplus ice fish chip.During to 9~October, gather in the crops the commodity Macrobrachium rosenbergii at more than 50g for the specification by cage.This, while raising culturing net encloses carbon remittance, nitrogen remittance and phosphorus remittance function, adds culture benefit.
Odontobutis obscura (Odontobutis obscurus) belongs to Perciformes, Eleotridae, Odontobutis.Odontobutis obscura is always returned at high-grade aquatic products ranks, becomes delicacies unique on the dining table of Yangtze River Delta Area, and the market price is up to 160~200 yuan/kg.In the natural water of Taihu Lake, happiness moves in the many pasture and water of offshore, rubble, stone gap, the bottom of silt, and in its food composition, the occurrence rate of pseudorasbora parva, crucian carp and subfamily is higher;In shell-fish, Macrobrachium nipponensis, sawtooth rice shrimp occurrence rate are high, are secondly thin chela pond crayfish and gammarid etc.;In shellfish then high with ramshorn occurrence rate;The continuous class of water in plant and filamentous alga occurrence rate are of a relatively high, and April, the frequency of occurrences of fish-egg was also higher.Grazing rate is full with stomach to be referred to all at April in October to next year higher (Sun Guoying, 1996).Therefore, raise together with non-economy class crustacean, the tender thread algae of water such as the wild fishes during Odontobutis obscura not only can allow its predation net enclose, sawtooth rice shrimp, clean river crab and eat surplus ice fish chip, be conducive to improving net and enclose the ecological functions such as the carbon remittance of middle autumn and winter season, nitrogen remittance and phosphorus remittance, and improve fanning economics.
Macrobrachium nipponensis (Macrobrachium nipponensis) popular name freshwater shrimp, is subordinate to Malacostraca, Decapoda, Natantia, Palaemonidae, pond crayfish belongs to, Macrobrachium nipponensis is the high economic shrimps of commodity value, and market prospects are very good, and the market price is 100~160 yuan/kg.Macrobrachium nipponensis is a kind of euryphagy, heterophagous animal, and its Major Foods is phytoclasts and organic debris, and secondly for aquatic insect, aquatic oligochaetes, fishes and shrimps and zooplankter, phytoplankton is only when Macrobrachium nipponensis ingests and is brought into;Although the food composition of Macrobrachium nipponensis has obvious seasonal variety;But it is in the winter time also at ingest (Liu Jun, 2005).Simultaneously, the reproduction technique of Macrobrachium nipponensis is more ripe, therefore, suitably put some Macrobrachium nipponensis in a suitable place to breed in net encloses more, realizing that purifying net encloses interior water environment purpose simultaneously by its long-term feeding plant fragment, organic debris, aquatic insect, aquatic oligochaetes, small fish shrimp and zooplankter, there is provided food for Odontobutis obscura, can also improve, by gathering in the crops into shrimp throughout the year, the fanning economics that net encloses.
Mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) is Taihu Lake a kind of predacious fish more typically, and its fine and tender taste is of high nutritive value, and is famous and precious freshwater fish.In the mandarin fish food composition of Taihu Lake, having food fish 16 kinds, wherein cyprinid fish accounts for 12 kinds.Mandarin fish is only with fish, shrimp for food, wherein pseudorasbora parva, etc. the proportion that accounts for of wild fishes bigger, and proportion that the big-and-middle-sized economic fish such as crucian, carp accounts for is relatively small, ingest the in the winter time intensity of feeding of frequency of mandarin fish is all substantially less than yearly mean level (Tan Beiping, 1994).Therefore, in culture of Chinese mitten crab net encloses, raise together with a small amount of mandarin fish, can water temperature control higher season pseudorasbora parva, etc. the little individual crucian of wild fishes and low economic value, carp, improve the economic benefit of lake Area.
Present invention is disclosed a kind of net and enclose the foster pattern of set, the cultural method that this net encloses the foster pattern of set comprises the following steps:
Early stage, builds wear well net in 1~February and encloses, plant the submerged plants such as hydrilla verticillata, waterweed, hornwort 1~February, and cultivated area is about the 40~50% of cultured area.
S1,2~March support at above-mentioned set and throw in river crab in pattern, and river crab is the button crab that specification is 80~100/kg, and stocking rate is 1050~1200/thousand square metres;
S2, set in 2~March are supported and are supported input Odontobutis obscura in pattern at above-mentioned set, and Odontobutis obscura specification is 140~160 tails/kg, and stocking rate is 1.5~3kg/ thousand square metres;
S3, support in pattern input Macrobrachium nipponensis at above-mentioned set, Macrobrachium nipponensis divide two seasons set support, wherein, put 15.0~22.5kg/ thousand square metres 2~March in a suitable place to breed, stocking size is 600~800/kg;Late July puts 12~150,000/thousand square metres in a suitable place to breed, and stocking size is 6000~8000/kg;
S4, late May support input mandarin fish in pattern at above-mentioned set, and mandarin fish specification is 5~6cm, and amount 9~15 tail/thousand square metre supported by set;
S5, in 7 months, support in pattern input Macrobrachium rosenbergii at above-mentioned set the last ten-days period, the specification of described Macrobrachium rosenbergii is 140~160/kg, stocking rate 1.50~2.25kg/ thousand square metres;
S6, in late September~fish for river crab and Macrobrachium rosenbergii by the end of October, fish for Macrobrachium nipponensis in May~June, December~January, fish for Odontobutis obscura and mandarin fish December~January.Wherein, fishing for each seed shrimp, crab and Odontobutis obscura with cage net, electricity consumption laws on arrests fishes for mandarin fish.
In addition, support the preferred embodiment of pattern as this set, spiral shell 225kg/ alive thousand square metres and 300kg/ thousand square metres can be thrown in respectively in late March, mid-August.
Meanwhile, by the end of March to starting to feed the fresh water trash fish fished in lake at the beginning of 4 months, within 3 days, feed 1 time, feed 2~3kg/ time for every mu;Feed 2 days Mays 1 time, feed 3~4.5kg/ time for every thousand square metres;Start to feed chilled fish at the beginning of 6 months, within 2 days, feed 1 time, feed 22.5~30kg/ time, add every time and feed iblet 3.375kg/ thousand square metres for every thousand square metres;Late September starts only to feed corn, feeds 6kg/ thousand square metres every other day.Electric fishing method can be used to fish for fresh water trash fish.
It below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is expanded on further:
The net of 1 one kinds of environment-friendly high-efficiencies of embodiment encloses set and supports pattern and cultural method thereof
nullThe standardized net in 5, East Taihu Lake cultivation base in Wuzhong District, Suzhou City Xin Lian ecologic breeding Specialty Co-operative Organization encloses,Area 22.5 thousand square metres/only,January 30 planted waterweed、Hydrilla verticillata and hornwort,Cultivated area is the 40% of cultured area,From on February 23rd, 2012 stocking size be the button crab 1200/thousand square metres of 100/kg,March 5, stocking size was the Macrobrachium nipponensis 18kg/ thousand square metres of 800/kg,March 7, stocking size was the Odontobutis obscura 1.5kg/ mu of 140 tails/kg,May 28 put the mandarin fish 10 tails/mu of 6cm in a suitable place to breed,July 26 stocking size be 7cm(150 only/kg) Macrobrachium rosenbergii 1.8kg/ thousand square metres,July 28 threw in the Macrobrachium nipponensis 13.5 ten thousand/thousand square metres of 8000/kg.March 25 threw in spiral shell 225kg/ thousand square metres, and August 20 threw in spiral shell 300kg/ thousand square metres.March 29 started to feed the trash fish fished for up in lake, within 3 days, feed 1 time, each 3kg/ thousand square metres;May 2, beginning fed every other day, each 3.75kg/ thousand square metres;Started feeding volume June 10 and increase to 18kg/ thousand square metres, be gradually increased to 30kg/ thousand square metres, feed the corn of 2.25kg/ thousand square metres simultaneously;September 20, river crab took off a rear shell substantially, stopped feeding ice fish, only fed corn, 6kg/ thousand square metres, until river crab, Macrobrachium rosenbergii are sold and finished.The results situation of this pattern is shown in Table 1
The net of 1 one kinds of environment-friendly high-efficiencies of table encloses the results situation that pattern supported by set
The net of 2 one kinds of environment-friendly high-efficiencies of embodiment encloses set and supports pattern and cultural method thereof
nullThe standardized net in 15, East Taihu Lake cultivation base in Wuzhong District, Suzhou City Xin Lian ecologic breeding Specialty Co-operative Organization encloses,Area 22.5 thousand square metres/only,Waterweed is planted at the end of February 3、Hydrilla verticillata,Cultivated area is the 50% of cultured area,From on February 28th, 2013 stocking size be the button crab 1200/thousand square metres of 80/kg,March 5, stocking size was the Macrobrachium nipponensis 19.5kg/ thousand square metres of 800/kg,March 10, stocking size was the Odontobutis obscura 2.25kg/ thousand square metres of 120 tails/kg,Put mandarin fish 12 tail/thousand square metre of 5~6cm in a suitable place to breed on May 30,July 30 stocking size be 6~7cm(160 only/kg) Macrobrachium rosenbergii 2.25kg/ thousand square metres,Put the Macrobrachium nipponensis 12kg/ thousand square metres of 10000/kg in a suitable place to breed on August 1.March 20 threw in spiral shell 240kg/ thousand square metres, and August 15 threw in spiral shell 270kg/ thousand square metres.April 2 started to feed the trash fish fished for up in lake, within 3 days, feed 1 time, each 3.3kg/ thousand square metres;May 5, beginning fed every other day, each 3.75kg/ thousand square metres;Started feeding volume June 8 and increase to 18kg/ thousand square metres, be gradually increased to 30kg/ thousand square metres, feed the corn of 3.0kg/ thousand square metres simultaneously;September 18, river crab took off a rear shell substantially, stopped feeding ice fish, only fed corn, 6kg/ thousand square metres, until river crab, Macrobrachium rosenbergii are sold and finished.The output situation of this pattern is shown in Table 2
The net of 2 one kinds of environment-friendly high-efficiencies of table encloses the output situation that pattern supported by set
The invention discloses one, compared with prior art, the invention have the advantages that application cultural ecology characteristics of principle, by food chain relation and different animals in the difference of the Various Seasonal intensity of feeding, as much as possible carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus are converted into the animal proteins such as Macrobrachium rosenbergii, Macrobrachium nipponensis, Odontobutis obscura, mandarin fish, mode eventually through results catches increases the function that carbon converges and nitrogen phosphorus converges, realize making full use of feed, reduce the purpose that culture of Chinese mitten crab pollutes, improves culture benefit, be that pattern supported by the set of a kind of environment-friendly high-efficiency.There is in lake Area very big application prospect.
It is obvious to a person skilled in the art that the invention is not restricted to the details of above-mentioned one exemplary embodiment, and without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the present invention, the present invention can be realized in other specific forms.Therefore, no matter from the point of view of which point, embodiment all should be regarded as exemplary, and be nonrestrictive, the scope of the present invention is limited by claims rather than described above, it is intended that include all changes falling in the implication of equivalency and scope of claim in the present invention.
In addition, should be understood, although this specification is been described by according to embodiment, but not each embodiment only comprises an independent technical scheme, this narrating mode of specification is only for clarity sake, those skilled in the art should be using specification as an entirety, and the technical scheme in each embodiment also can form, through appropriately combined, other embodiments that it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that.
Claims (4)
1. a net encloses the cultural method that pattern supported by set, it is characterised in that: comprise the following steps:
S1, support at described set and pattern thrown in river crab, described river crab be specification be 80~100/kg
Button crab, put 1050~1200/thousand square metres in a suitable place to breed in 2~March;
S2, support at described set and pattern is thrown in Odontobutis obscura, described Odontobutis obscura specification 140~160 tails/kg,
2~March, 1.5~3kg/ thousand square metres supported by set;
S3, support at described set and pattern thrown in Macrobrachium nipponensis, described Macrobrachium nipponensis divide two seasons set support,
Putting 15.0~22.5kg/ thousand square metres 2~March in a suitable place to breed, stocking size is 600~800/kg;Late July
Putting 12~150,000/thousand square metres in a suitable place to breed, stocking size is 6000~8000/kg;
S4, throw in spiral shell 225kg/ alive thousand square metres and 300kg/ respectively in late March, mid-August
Thousand square metres
S5, support in pattern at described set and throw in mandarin fish, described mandarin fish specification 5~6cm, late May
9~15 tail/thousand square metre supported by set;
S6, supporting at described set and throwing in Macrobrachium rosenbergii in pattern, the specification of described Macrobrachium rosenbergii is
140~160/kg, in 7 months, the last ten-days period put 1.50~2.25kg/ thousand square metres in a suitable place to breed;
S7, in late September~fish for river crab and Macrobrachium rosenbergii by the end of October, in May~June, December
Fish for Macrobrachium nipponensis~January, fish for Odontobutis obscura and mandarin fish December~January.
2. net according to claim 1 encloses the cultural method that pattern supported by set, it is characterised in that: institute
The cultural method stating the foster pattern of set also includes, building wear well net in 1~February and enclosing, it is black that 1~February plants wheel blade
Algae, waterweed, hornwort, cultivated area accounts for the 40~50% of cultured area.
3. net according to claim 1 encloses the cultural method that pattern supported by set, it is characterised in that: institute
State set to support the cultural method of pattern and also include, by the end of March to starting to feed fish in lake light at the beginning of 4 months
Water trash fish, feeds 1 time, feeds 3~4.5kg/ time for every thousand square metres for 3 days;2 days Mays feed 1 time, every thousand squares
Rice is fed 3~4.5kg/ time;Start to feed chilled fish at the beginning of 6 months, within 2 days, feed 1 time, feed 22.5~30 for every thousand square metres
Kg/ time, add every time and feed iblet 3.375kg/ thousand square metres;Late September starts only to feed corn, throws every other day
Feed 6kg/ thousand square metres.
4. net according to claim 1 encloses the cultural method that pattern supported by set, it is characterised in that: institute
Stating the catching method that step S7 used is: fishes for each seed shrimp, crab and Odontobutis obscura with cage net, uses electric fishing
Method fishes for mandarin fish.
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