CN101836606A - Comprehensive breeding method for macrobrachium nipponensis - Google Patents
Comprehensive breeding method for macrobrachium nipponensis Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a comprehensive breeding method for macrobrachium nipponensis, which is a method for breeding by using the freshwater resource. The method comprises the following basic step of: organically combining planting and breeding and circulating planting, stock breeding, polyculture and alternate catching, namely organically combining the planting and breeding and circularly planting ryegrass at the bottom of a pond, breeding geese with grass, polyculturing penaeus vannamei and the macrobrachium nipponensis and alternately catching and fishing the macrobrachium nipponensis. The ryegrass is harvested by retaining the stubbles to provide a shielding place for the larval stage and ecdysis period of the macrobrachium nipponensis, so that the method improves the survival rate of the shrimp breeding, reduces the possibility that the penaeus vannamei preys on the macrobrachium nipponensis, ensures that the yield of the macrobrachium nipponensis at autumn is increased by more than two times that of the conventional condition, and can completely solve the problems of low utilization ratio of the nutritive material, high breeding cost and low yield in the conventional macrobrachium nipponensis culturing.
Description
Technical field the present invention relates to a kind of freshwater shrimp comprehensive breeding method in the culture fishery, belongs to shrimps aquatic biological cultural technique field in the agriculture aquaculture.
The background technology freshwater shrimp, formal name used at school Japanese macrobrachium supernbum Macrobrachium nipponensis is under the jurisdiction of Arthropoda, Crustachia, Decapoda, Palaemonidae, pond crayfish genus, and its geographical distribution is very narrow, only limits to China and Japan.Because of its meat delicate flavour U.S., nutrition economic worth height, growth fast, the cycle of forming is short, feed request is low, seed from numerous easily, advantage such as can round-the-clockly culture, stepped into breed development Sheng since the phase from the end of the eighties in last century, the breed scale enlarges rapidly, cultural technique becomes better and approaching perfection day by day, become one of China's freshwater aquiculture shrimps govern-house-variety and main fresh water new, special products of famous brands, of extra fine quality breed variety, culturing area spreads all over ground such as China Jiangsu, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Anhui, Fujian, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Hebei, Henan, Shandong.
Penaeus Vannmei, formal name used at school Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low Penaeus vannamei is under the jurisdiction of Arthropoda, Crustachia, Decapoda, Penaeidae, shore Penaeus., advantages such as nutritional need low, dressing percentage high, strong stress resistance, suitable salt scope wide, dried up time-to-live length quick because of its tool growth, since introducing China the end of the eighties in last century, obtain to promote fast, now become the shrimps kind that China's culturing area is the widest, breed is largest, cultured output is the highest.
Relevant both at home and abroad freshwater shrimp is supported with fish, crab cover and the research foster, the alternate culture freshwater shrimp of Penaeus Vannmei cover is reported more, and better economic, society and ecological benefits have all been obtained, its weak point mainly shows as: 1, a large number of nutrients of accumulating at the bottom of the pond fails effectively to utilize, waste, and very easily become the pollution hidden trouble of surrounding enviroment; 2, should need before the breed to absorb mud, increase labour intensity and production cost; 3, lack good hidden material at the bottom of the pond, cause the shrimps cannibalisation death of casting off a skin comparatively obvious, second batch of cultured output of freshwater shrimp almost has no harvest.
Summary of the invention is in order to overcome the problem that the utilization of nutrients that exists in the present shrimp culture is low, aquaculture cost is high and yield poorly, the invention provides a kind of brand-new a kind of freshwater shrimp comprehensive breeding method, adopt the mode that plantation, herding, cover are supported, wheel is caught breed of operating type organic assembling kind and circulation, realize the purpose of freshwater shrimp high-quality, low cost and high yielding culture.
The technical solution used in the present invention is:
A kind of freshwater shrimp comprehensive breeding method, it utilizes freshwater resources to culture, and it comprises following basic skills one:
A, with plantation, herding, cover support, wheel catches that operating type organic assembling kind is cultured and circulation, be about to kind perennial ryegrass at the bottom of the pond, support goose, Penaeus Vannmei cover with grass and support freshwater shrimp, freshwater shrimp wheel and catch the organic assembling kind and culture and circulate;
B, discharged water before early October then and receive shrimp, after doing the pool, being exposed to the sun 7 days, at the bottom of the pond and Chi Geng loosen the soil smooth, guarantee that earth is in small, broken bits soft, at the bottom of the pond, planted perennial ryegrass before late October, when treating that plant height reaches more than 25 centimetres, the harvesting perennial ryegrass is raised white goose as feed;
C, at the beginning of the 4 months by the end of March next year before, finish the perennial ryegrass plantation, after the perennial ryegrass harvesting overhead stubble height 3-6 centimetre, protect the place for freshwater shrimp juvenile stage and freshwater shrimp provide to cover ecdysis, support the shrimp survival rate to improve;
D, early April clean up the pond, rich water, carry out and culture preceding the preparation, put into the freshwater shrimp juvenile prawn in the mid or late April pond, early June is put the Penaeus Vannmei seedling again in a suitable place to breed, beginning mid-July takes to take turns method for catching results freshwater shrimp, caught Penaeus Vannmei and freshwater shrimp before early October, late October discharges water, do the pool, be exposed to the sun, smooth back plantation perennial ryegrass at the bottom of the pond.
A kind of freshwater shrimp comprehensive breeding method, it utilizes freshwater resources to culture, and it comprises following basic skills two:
A, with plantation, herding, cover support, wheel catches that operating type organic assembling kind is cultured and circulation, be about to kind perennial ryegrass at the bottom of the pond, support goose, Penaeus Vannmei cover with grass and support freshwater shrimp, freshwater shrimp wheel and catch the organic assembling kind and culture and circulate;
B, discharged water before early October then and receive shrimp, after doing the pool, being exposed to the sun 7 days, at the bottom of the pond and Chi Geng loosen the soil smooth, guarantee that earth is in small, broken bits soft, at the bottom of the pond, planted perennial ryegrass before late October, when treating that plant height reaches more than 25 centimetres, the harvesting perennial ryegrass is raised white goose as feed;
C, at the beginning of the 5 months by the end of April next year before, finish the perennial ryegrass plantation, after the perennial ryegrass harvesting overhead stubble height 3-6 centimetre, protect the place for freshwater shrimp juvenile stage and freshwater shrimp provide to cover ecdysis, support the shrimp survival rate to improve;
Clean up the pond in D, the first tenday period of a month in May, rich water, carry out and culture preceding the preparation, early June is put the Penaeus Vannmei seedling again in a suitable place to breed, puts the oogenesis freshwater shrimp by the end of June in a suitable place to breed, caught Penaeus Vannmei and freshwater shrimp before early October, late October discharges water, do the pool, be exposed to the sun, smooth back plantation perennial ryegrass at the bottom of the pond.
Freshwater shrimp can also be raised together with loach, mandarin fish, yellow cartfish, shrimp, crab or overlap foster.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: because after having adopted this advanced cultural technique of a kind of freshwater shrimp comprehensive breeding method of the present invention, to plant, herding, cover is supported, wheel is caught breed of operating type organic assembling kind and circulation, be about to kind perennial ryegrass at the bottom of the pond, support goose with grass, the Penaeus Vannmei cover is supported freshwater shrimp, the freshwater shrimp wheel is caught breed of organic assembling kind and circulation, perennial ryegrass harvesting back toothing, for the freshwater shrimp young provides the sheltered situation, reduced the chance of being preyed on by Penaeus Vannmei, guarantee that freshwater shrimp autumn stubble output is conventional and improve more than two times that it is low thoroughly to solve in the present shrimp culture utilization of nutrients, aquaculture cost height and the problem that yields poorly.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1: freshwater shrimp integrated culture technical matters route approach one schematic diagram;
Fig. 2: freshwater shrimp integrated culture technical matters route approach two schematic diagrames.
Embodiment
One, one signal of freshwater shrimp integrated culture technical matters route approach as shown in Figure 1.
Two, two signals of freshwater shrimp integrated culture technical matters route approach as shown in Figure 2.
Three, freshwater shrimp integrated culture technical matters route approach one
(1) discharges water and receive shrimp, do whole pond, the pool
Look water temperature, market and shrimp growing state, before early October, lay receipts shrimp sleeve net in discharge outlet morning, open drainage gate, discharge water rapidly, make shrimp flow out the pond and fall into mesh bag with water at fine weather.Fully drain Chi Shui, after being exposed to the sun 7 days, at the bottom of the pond and Chi Geng loosen the soil smoothly, guarantee that earth is in small, broken bits soft.
(2) plantation perennial ryegrass at the bottom of the pond is raised white goose
Late October is pressed 0.6-1.5kg/ mu sowing perennial ryegrass in pond bottom, steeps 12 hours with clear water before broadcasting, and picks up the back and stacks vernalization, sowing when seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally.Be advisable line-spacing 15～20cm, earthing 1～2cm with drilling, reaching 25cm to plant height can gather in when above and feed, the about 5cm of stubble height overhead during harvesting is in order to regrowth, for preventing the fiber lignification, should in time gather in, guarantee that herbage is fresh and tender, increase operation rate, finish before planting at the beginning of the 4 months by the end of March next year, generally do not append nitrogenous fertilizer during this time, but can replenish urea in right amount according to the perennial ryegrass growing state.The purpose of plantation perennial ryegrass is: nutritive elements such as a large amount of nitrogen of accumulating in 1, at the bottom of the absorption cell, phosphorus, make the pond at the bottom of mud become solid and innoxious, and can save the spending of mud at the bottom of the absorption pond; 2, the harvesting plant herbivores such as white goose that can be used for feeding.
(3) culture preceding preparation
1, cultivating pool
The best 2-5 mu of cultivating pool area, depth of water 1.2-1.8m, will there be certain gradient on the ridge, the pool, pond, and the slope is than being generally 1: 2-3.The pond water drainage-supply system is perfect, and pasture and water are arranged, and about Pond Silt 10cm, generally presses the above aerator that is equipped with of 0.5KW/ mu, advances discharge outlet and will block with close eye net or double-deck bolting silk, prevents that the ovum of harmful organisms and wild fishes and discharge from entering the pond.
2, breeding water
Requirement is had abundant water resources, and water quality is pure and fresh and pollution-free, dissolved oxygen 〉=5mg/L, bottom dissolved oxygen content 〉=3mg/L, pH7.5-8.0.For guaranteeing dissolved oxygen abundance in the growing pond, press 1kw/ mu and be equipped with oxygen increasing equipment oxygenating at any time.
3, clean up the pond
Last batch of perennial ryegrass and toothing 3-6cm have overhead been gathered at the beginning of 4 months.Look shrimp pond situation perform smooth pond at the bottom of, safeguard work such as carry the dam, weed a garden after, promptly drug disinfection is carried out in the pond.Common drug has quicklime and bleaching powder.Wherein, lime disinfection has two kinds of methods, dry method consumption 75-100kg/ mu, and the wet method consumption doubles; The bleaching powder sterilization also has two kinds of methods, dry method consumption 5-10kg/ mu, and wet method concentration is 5-10mg/L.Sterilizing and transplanted water plants in back 10 days in the pond, transplants all around along the shrimp pool in the shallow water area from the ridge, pool 1m, about the wide 1m of straw cord, transplants area and account for about 1/5 of full pool area.
4, plankton is cultivated in water filling, fertilising
The water filling after 7 days of sterilizing is filtered with 40-60 mesh sieve tulle, to prevent the harmful animal intrusion, the 30-60cm of intaking for the first time.Can apply fertilizer after the water filling, fertilizer can be collected manure or inorganic fertilizers such as ammonium nitrate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate.Fertilising first, fertilizer is executed 30-50kg/ mu, and inorganic fertilizer is executed 2-5kg/ mu, and the water injection rate with the shrimp pool will suitably topdress later on, supports shrimp 2-3 days/time in earlier stage, later stage 10-20 days/time.
(4) put the freshwater shrimp seedling in a suitable place to breed
Juvenile prawn 10-15kg about mid or late April stocking size 1000 tails/kg requires neat specification, and limbs are complete, should and throw at dusk in morning of fine day, and the disposable foot of putting is avoided the sunlight direct projection, influences survival rate.Get the Chi Shui examination before putting in a suitable place to breed earlier and support, confirm just to begin formally to put in a suitable place to breed after Chi Shui has no adverse effect to the juvenile prawn seedling; The temperature difference should will evenly distribute less than ± 2 ℃ when putting in a suitable place to breed, and it is taken a stroll naturally, can not hematocrit.At the beginning of 6 months by the end of May, the quantity of young shrimp adds and sprinkles a soya-bean milk more for a long time every day in finding former pond, guarantees the quantity that autumn, the freshwater shrimp seed was cultured.
(5) put the Penaeus Vannmei seedling in a suitable place to breed
Annual early June, select to throw in morning of calm sunny weather the Penaeus Vannmei seedling.Put Miao Qianyi and try the water, be about to a small amount of shrimp seedling and drop into into earlier the shrimp pond, observed 24 hours, confirm to throw seedling more in a large number after the shrimp activity normally through safety.The Penaeus Vannmei seedling 5-6 ten thousand of the long 1.2-1.5cm of body/mu.
(6) wheel is caught freshwater shrimp in the pond
Begin to fish for the above freshwater shrimp of the long 5cm of body and go on the market successively annual mid-July lay 2-4 on large mesh lobster basket net/mu along pool side.
(7) daily management
Comprise the feed of throwing something and feeding, the detection of the pond water environment factor, the observation of shrimp active situation and shrimp body biology mensuration etc.
1, throwing is raised
During culturing, can throw something and feed fresh bait or artifical compound feed, dietary protein level reaches more than 30%, if throw something and feed fresh bait, guarantee the fresh anosis of bait, feeds after cleaning again, and its safety limit of manufactured feed requires to meet the regulation of NY 5072.Feed request high-quality, fresh, agreeable to the taste is evenly thrown in all around along the pond, and day feeding volume is looked feelings and increased and decreased as one feels fit, on a small quantity repeatedly by the 5-10% of shrimp TBW.Should follow following principle when throwing something and feeding, feed less during promptly a large amount of shrimps shelling, shell and strengthen after several days throwing something and feeding, bad few the feeding of water quality, stop during bad weather to feed or few hello.
2, Xun Tang
Sooner or later patrol the pool every day, meet muggy weather, increase and patrol the pool number of times midnight, examine the object activity and the situation of ingesting of culturing.
3, water quality management
Form in early days, inject new water 5-10cm every day in the pond, and the depth of water reaches 1.2-1.5m until the pond, keeps this water level, control transparency 30～50cm.Later on the growing up and look the water quality situation of shrimp body, change water in right amount, change water and should repeatedly carry out on a small quantity, little row is big to irritate, in order to avoid water body environment changes suddenly, stress reaction appears in shrimp, causes morbidity.
4, water body oxygenation
The time opening oxygen increasing equipment is accomplished the oxygenation of starting shooting fine noon, and open early morning at cloudy day, and open continuously overcast and rainy midnight.As find to raise the nose above water to breathe sign, and should start shooting as early as possible, first aid is carried out in annotate the in case of necessity new water and the oxygenation agent of splashing again.When meeting severe depletion of oxygen, should add and sprinkle oxygenation reagent and carry out first aid, meet muggy weather, at noon or answer morning oxygenation more than 2 hours.
5, sick harmful animal control
Adhere to the principle diseases prevention of " putting prevention first and combining prevention with control ", regularly sterilize various facilities and instrument, regularly to the Chi Shui sterilization of spreading pesticides, anti-disease medicines is used the pertinent regulations that meet NY 5071.In time remove harmful organisms such as batrachia, water snake, kyllinga brevifolia, predacious fish and aquatic bird.
Three, freshwater shrimp integrated culture technical matters route approach two
(1) discharges water and receive shrimp, do whole pond, the pool
Look water temperature, market and shrimp growing state, before early October, lay receipts shrimp sleeve net in discharge outlet morning, open drainage gate, discharge water rapidly, make shrimp flow out the pond and fall into mesh bag with water at fine weather.Fully drain Chi Shui, after being exposed to the sun 7 days, at the bottom of the pond and Chi Geng loosen the soil smoothly, guarantee that earth is in small, broken bits soft.
(2) plantation perennial ryegrass at the bottom of the pond is raised white goose
Late October is pressed 0.6-1.5kg/ mu sowing perennial ryegrass in pond bottom, steeps 12 hours with clear water before broadcasting, and picks up the back and stacks vernalization, sowing when seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally.Be advisable line-spacing 15～20cm, earthing 1～2cm with drilling, reaching 25cm to plant height can gather in when above and feed, the about 5cm of stubble height overhead during harvesting is in order to regrowth, for preventing the fiber lignification, should in time gather in, guarantee that herbage is fresh and tender, increase operation rate, finish before planting at the beginning of the 5 months by the end of April next year, generally do not append nitrogenous fertilizer during this time, but can replenish urea in right amount according to the perennial ryegrass growing state.The purpose of plantation perennial ryegrass is: nutritive elements such as a large amount of nitrogen of accumulating in 1, at the bottom of the absorption cell, phosphorus, make the pond at the bottom of mud become solid and innoxious, and can save the spending of mud at the bottom of the absorption pond; 2, the harvesting plant herbivores such as white goose that can be used for feeding.
(3) culture preceding preparation
1, cultivating pool
The best 2-5 mu of cultivating pool area, depth of water 1.2-1.8m, will there be certain gradient on the ridge, the pool, pond, and the slope is than being generally 1: 2-3.The pond water drainage-supply system is perfect, and pasture and water are arranged, and about Pond Silt 10cm, generally presses the above aerator that is equipped with of 0.5KW/ mu, advances discharge outlet and will block with close eye net or double-deck bolting silk, prevents that the ovum of harmful organisms and wild fishes and discharge from entering the pond.
2, breeding water
Requirement is had abundant water resources, and water quality is pure and fresh and pollution-free, dissolved oxygen 〉=5mg/L, bottom dissolved oxygen content 〉=3mg/L, pH7.5-8.0.For guaranteeing dissolved oxygen abundance in the growing pond, press 1kw/ mu and be equipped with oxygen increasing equipment oxygenating at any time.
3, clean up the pond
Last batch of perennial ryegrass and toothing 3-6cm have overhead been gathered at the beginning of 5 months.Look shrimp pond situation perform smooth pond at the bottom of, safeguard work such as carry the dam, weed a garden after, promptly drug disinfection is carried out in the pond.Common drug has quicklime and bleaching powder.Wherein, lime disinfection has two kinds of methods, dry method consumption 75-100kg/ mu, and the wet method consumption doubles; The bleaching powder sterilization also has two kinds of methods, dry method consumption 5-10kg/ mu, and wet method concentration is 5-10mg/L.Sterilizing and transplanted water plants in back 10 days in the pond, transplants all around along the shrimp pool in the shallow water area from the ridge, pool 1m, about the wide 1m of straw cord, transplants area and account for about 1/5 of full pool area.
4, plankton is cultivated in water filling, fertilising
The water filling after 7 days of sterilizing is filtered with 40-60 mesh sieve tulle, to prevent the harmful animal intrusion, the 30-60cm of intaking for the first time.Can apply fertilizer after the water filling, fertilizer can be collected manure or inorganic fertilizers such as ammonium nitrate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate.Fertilising first, fertilizer is executed 30-50kg/ mu, and inorganic fertilizer is executed 2-5kg/ mu, and the water injection rate with the shrimp pool will suitably topdress later on, supports shrimp 2-3 days/time in earlier stage, later stage 10-20 days/time.
(4) put the Penaeus Vannmei seedling in a suitable place to breed
Early June, select to throw in morning of calm sunny weather the Penaeus Vannmei seedling.Put Miao Qianyi and try the water, be about to a small amount of shrimp seedling and drop into into earlier the shrimp pond, observed 24 hours, confirm to throw seedling more in a large number after the shrimp activity normally through safety.The Penaeus Vannmei seedling 5-6 ten thousand of the long 1.2-1.5cm of body/mu.
(5) put the oogenesis freshwater shrimp in a suitable place to breed
Put the oogenesis freshwater shrimp in a suitable place to breed by 1-2kg/ mu by the end of June, shrimp with ovums is disinfected 5-10min with the 2-4% saline solution before throwing in.
(6) wheel is caught freshwater shrimp in the pond
Begin to fish for the above freshwater shrimp of the long 5cm of body and go on the market successively mid-September lay 2-4 on large mesh lobster basket net/mu along pool side.
(7) daily management comprises the feed of throwing something and feeding, the detection of the pond water environment factor, the observation of shrimp active situation and shrimp body biology mensuration etc.
1, throwing is raised
During culturing, can throw something and feed fresh bait or artifical compound feed, dietary protein level reaches more than 30%, if throw something and feed fresh bait, guarantee the fresh anosis of bait, feeds after cleaning again, and its safety limit of manufactured feed requires to meet the regulation of NY 5072.Feed request high-quality, fresh, agreeable to the taste is evenly thrown in all around along the pond, and day feeding volume is looked feelings and increased and decreased as one feels fit, on a small quantity repeatedly by the 5-10% of shrimp TBW.Should follow following principle when throwing something and feeding, feed less during promptly a large amount of shrimps shelling, shell and strengthen after several days throwing something and feeding, bad few the feeding of water quality, stop during bad weather to feed or few hello.
2, Xun Tang
Sooner or later patrol the pool every day, meet muggy weather, increase and patrol the pool number of times midnight, examine the object activity and the situation of ingesting of culturing.
3, water quality management
Form in early days, inject new water 5-10cm every day in the pond, and the depth of water reaches 1.2-1.5m until the pond, keeps this water level, control transparency 30～50cm.Later on the growing up and look the water quality situation of shrimp body, change water in right amount, change water and should repeatedly carry out on a small quantity, little row is big to irritate, in order to avoid water body environment changes suddenly, stress reaction appears in shrimp, causes morbidity.
4, water body oxygenation
The time opening oxygen increasing equipment is accomplished the oxygenation of starting shooting fine noon, and open early morning at cloudy day, and open continuously overcast and rainy midnight.As find to raise the nose above water to breathe sign, and should start shooting as early as possible, first aid is carried out in annotate the in case of necessity new water and the oxygenation agent of splashing again.When meeting severe depletion of oxygen, should add and sprinkle oxygenation reagent and carry out first aid, meet muggy weather, at noon or answer morning oxygenation more than 2 hours.
5, sick harmful animal control
Adhere to the principle diseases prevention of " putting prevention first and combining prevention with control ", regularly sterilize various facilities and instrument, regularly to the Chi Shui sterilization of spreading pesticides, anti-disease medicines is used the pertinent regulations that meet NY 5071.In time remove harmful organisms such as batrachia, water snake, kyllinga brevifolia, predacious fish and aquatic bird.
Perennial ryegrass Lolium perenne is perennial grass family Lolium plant, and tillering ability is strong, and growth is fast, likes warm nice and cool humid climate, suits in drainage good, fertile, moistening clay or clay loam cultivation.Perennial ryegrass is of high nutritive value, rich in proteins, minerals and vitamins, and wherein the hay crude protein content is up to more than 25%, and the many matter of leaf are tender, and good palatability can directly be fed ox, sheep, horse, rabbit, deer, pig, goose, ostrich, fish etc.15 ℃～30 ℃ of growth thermophilics, temperature-15 ℃ generation freeze injury or dormancy, appropriate pH value 6～7, second year 3, April are anti-blue or green, and supplying the grass phase is May October to next year, and can not grow summer, and mid latitudes idle freshwater plantation in winter suits.
Planting the foster goose of grass and both met China's current agricultural structure adjustment direction, can quicken China's goose industry scale, industrialization paces again, is a kind of breeding binding pattern that is worthy to be popularized very much.Put it at vast mid latitudes such as China Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Anhui, Shanghai in recent years, and obtained good social, economy and ecological benefits.The freshwater that utilizes leave unused winter is carried out kind of grass and is supported goose, both can efficiently utilize a large number of nutrients of accumulating at the bottom of the pond, minimizing is to the pollution of surrounding enviroment, the harvested grass roots of toothing can be again ecdysis aquaculture organism and the aquaculture organism young provide to cover and protect the place, can yet be regarded as one promotes to support the approach of people's increasing both production and income.
It is a kind of very important mode of production in China's aquaculture that cover is supported, it normally utilizes between aquaculture organisms in the complementation of perching aspects such as water layer, feeding habits, can reach the expansion carrying capacity, improve the bait utilization ratio, promote the purpose of forming quality, preventing and treating the disease horizontal transmission, be one of important channel of culturing fisherman's increasing both production and income.
Alternate culture also is a kind of important mode of production in the aquaculture, and it can alleviate the deterioration degree of bottom material of pond for breeding, the chance of minimizing disease spread also can be selected the aquaculture kind neatly according to the needs of market conditions.
It is the method that often adopts in the breeding production that wheel is caught, and briefly is exactly to catch to stay for a short time greatly, and the gradient listing can be avoided concentrating going on the market so on the one hand, and the guaranteed price advantage can prolong harvest time on the other hand, guarantor unit's benefit.
Plantation, herding, cover are supported, taken turns and catch operating type organic assembling and circulation, be about to kind perennial ryegrass at the bottom of the pond, support goose, Penaeus Vannmei cover with grass and support freshwater shrimp, freshwater shrimp wheel and catch organic assembling and circulate, help to give full play to the pond productive potential, improve and support people's income, reducing environmental pollution, is a kind of efficient comprehensive breeding method that promotes the rural society economic development.
The present invention has set up one and has overlapped the freshwater shrimp comprehensive breeding method that is applicable to outdoor uncovered pond.
1, discharged water before early October then and receive shrimp, after doing the pool, being exposed to the sun 7 days, to at the bottom of the pond and Chi Geng loosen the soil smooth, guarantee that earth is in small, broken bits soft, at the bottom of the pond, planted perennial ryegrass before late October, like this, nutritive elements such as a large amount of nitrogen of accumulating at the bottom of on the one hand can absorption cell, phosphorus, make when mud is strong and innoxious at the bottom of the pond, saved the spending of absorbing mud at the bottom of the pond, on the other hand the perennial ryegrass of the harvesting plantation herbivores such as white goose that can be used to feed.
2, after perennial ryegrass is finished plantation, harvesting back toothing 3-6cm, both can provide the sheltered situation as the freshwater shrimp young, the chance that minimizing is preyed on by Penaeus Vannmei, guarantee that the conventional raising of autumn stubble freshwater shrimp output is more than 2 times, also can be used as the sheltered situation of shrimps in culture between ecdysis, reduce the cannibalisation of casting off a skin, improve and support the shrimp survival rate.
3, the foster freshwater shrimp of Penaeus Vannmei cover is operated according to a conventional method.
By approach one: annual early April cleans up the pond, rich water, carry out and culture preceding the preparation, put into the freshwater shrimp juvenile prawn in the mid or late April pond, early June is put the Penaeus Vannmei seedling again in a suitable place to breed, beginning mid-July takes to take turns method for catching results freshwater shrimp, caught Penaeus Vannmei and freshwater shrimp before early October, late October discharges water, do the pool, be exposed to the sun, smooth back plantation perennial ryegrass at the bottom of the pond and carry out support goose before preparation;
By approach two: clean up the pond the annual the first tenday period of a month in May, rich water, carry out and culture preceding the preparation, early June is put the Penaeus Vannmei seedling again in a suitable place to breed, put the oogenesis freshwater shrimp by the end of June in a suitable place to breed, caught Penaeus Vannmei and freshwater shrimp before early October, late October discharges water, do the pool, be exposed to the sun, smooth back plantation perennial ryegrass at the bottom of the pond and carry out support goose before preparation.
The present invention with plantation, herding, cover support, operating type organic assembling and circulation such as wheel is caught, be about to kind perennial ryegrass at the bottom of the pond, support goose, Penaeus Vannmei cover with grass and support freshwater shrimp, freshwater shrimp wheel and catch organic assembling and circulate, become a kind of brand-new comprehensive breeding method.This method also be applicable to freshwater shrimp and other fish such as loach, mandarin fish, yellow cartfish etc., shrimp crab class such as Macrobrachium rosenbergii the raising together with and overlap foster of river crab.
Claims (3)
1. freshwater shrimp comprehensive breeding method, it utilizes freshwater resources to culture, and it is characterized in that: it comprises following basic skills one:
A, with plantation, herding, cover support, wheel catches that operating type organic assembling kind is cultured and circulation, be about to kind perennial ryegrass at the bottom of the pond, support goose, Penaeus Vannmei cover with grass and support freshwater shrimp, freshwater shrimp wheel and catch the organic assembling kind and culture and circulate;
B, discharged water before early October then and receive shrimp, after doing the pool, being exposed to the sun 7 days, at the bottom of the pond and Chi Geng loosen the soil smooth, guarantee that earth is in small, broken bits soft, at the bottom of the pond, planted perennial ryegrass before late October, when treating that plant height reaches more than 25 centimetres, the harvesting perennial ryegrass is raised white goose as feed;
C, at the beginning of the 4 months by the end of March next year before, finish the perennial ryegrass plantation, after the perennial ryegrass harvesting overhead stubble height 3-6 centimetre, protect the place for freshwater shrimp juvenile stage and freshwater shrimp provide to cover ecdysis, support the shrimp survival rate to improve;
D, early April clean up the pond, rich water, carry out and culture preceding the preparation, put into the freshwater shrimp juvenile prawn in the mid or late April pond, early June is put the Penaeus Vannmei seedling again in a suitable place to breed, beginning mid-July takes to take turns method for catching results freshwater shrimp, caught Penaeus Vannmei and freshwater shrimp before early October, late October discharges water, do the pool, be exposed to the sun, smooth back plantation perennial ryegrass at the bottom of the pond.
2. freshwater shrimp comprehensive breeding method, it utilizes freshwater resources to culture, and it is characterized in that: it comprises following basic skills two:
A, with plantation, herding, cover support, wheel catches that operating type organic assembling kind is cultured and circulation, be about to kind perennial ryegrass at the bottom of the pond, support goose, Penaeus Vannmei cover with grass and support freshwater shrimp, freshwater shrimp wheel and catch the organic assembling kind and culture and circulate;
B, discharged water before early October then and receive shrimp, after doing the pool, being exposed to the sun 7 days, at the bottom of the pond and Chi Geng loosen the soil smooth, guarantee that earth is in small, broken bits soft, at the bottom of the pond, planted perennial ryegrass before late October, when treating that plant height reaches more than 25 centimetres, the harvesting perennial ryegrass is raised white goose as feed;
C, at the beginning of the 5 months by the end of April next year before, finish the perennial ryegrass plantation, after the perennial ryegrass harvesting overhead stubble height 3-6 centimetre, protect the place for freshwater shrimp juvenile stage and freshwater shrimp provide to cover ecdysis, support the shrimp survival rate to improve;
Clean up the pond in D, the first tenday period of a month in May, rich water, carry out and culture preceding the preparation, early June is put the Penaeus Vannmei seedling again in a suitable place to breed, puts the oogenesis freshwater shrimp by the end of June in a suitable place to breed, caught Penaeus Vannmei and freshwater shrimp before early October, late October discharges water, do the pool, be exposed to the sun, smooth back plantation perennial ryegrass at the bottom of the pond.
3. a kind of freshwater shrimp comprehensive breeding method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: freshwater shrimp can also be raised together with loach, mandarin fish, yellow cartfish, shrimp, crab or overlap foster.
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